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Journal articles on the topic 'Cross section'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 May 2024

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1

Rudstam, Gösta. "Neutron Cross Sections, Volume 2, Neutron Cross Section Curves." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 281, no. 1 (August 1989): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)91244-8.

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2

Katz, Robert. "Cross section." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 41, no. 6 (January 1990): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(90)90040-n.

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3

Gardner, L., and T. M. Chan. "Cross-section classification of elliptical hollow sections." Steel and Composite Structures 7, no. 3 (June 25, 2007): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2007.7.3.185.

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4

Camarda, H. S., T. W. Phillips, and R. M. White. "Neutron total cross section ofCa40and cross section difference ofCa44." Physical Review C 34, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.34.810.

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5

Easa, Said M. "Simplifying roadway cross sections without reducing volume accuracy." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 4 (August 1, 1989): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-078.

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A method for simplifying irregular ground profile of roadway cross sections by a straight line is presented. The presented method does not affect the accuracy of earthwork volume computations. Two types of cross sections are considered: cut (or fill) and transition sections. For a cut (or fill) section, the simplified section is designed such that its area equals that of the original section. This is accomplished by adjusting the least-squares (LS) parameters. Three cases of adjustments that depend on the area of the original section and the unadjusted LS parameters are presented. These cases preserve the section type (cut or fill) and, as much as possible, the general shape of the original section. For a transition section, the simplified section is designed such that its cut and fill areas equal those of the original section. These conditions of equal areas are used to develop formulas for designing the simplified section directly. Application of the method is illustrated by numerical examples. Key words: roadway, cross section, irregular, least squares, linear profile, earthwork volume.

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6

Gopalakrishnan, V. "Temperature dependence of unshielded cross-sections in multigroup cross-section sets." Annals of Nuclear Energy 27, no. 11 (July 2000): 1029–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4549(00)00012-8.

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7

Pavlovskaia, Е. А., and А. К. Khudoley. "TECTONICS AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE MAYA-KYLLAKH ZONE (SOUTH VERKHOYANSK REGION) OBTAINED FROM BALANCED CROSS-SECTIONS." Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 15, no. 1 (February 16, 2024): 0742. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2024-15-1-0742.

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A technique for balancing cross-sections is used to construct geometrically consistent structural sections through fold-thrust belts. Unlike the predecessor studies, the balanced cross-sections in this study were obtained using the deep seismic sounding and well data and Move Software. Two detailed balanced cross-sections pass through the central part of the South Verkhoyansk region: the 80 km long Yudoma cross-section running along 59°45ʹ N, and the 122 km long Allakh-Yun cross-section within 60°40ʹ – 61°00ʹ N. Both sections are characterized by a thin-skinned structure, "mechanical stratigraphy", emergent leading imbricate fans in the foreland, thick Riphean strata, and eastward dip of the detachment surface. The surface shortening values are ~33 % for the Yudoma cross-section and ~26 % for the Allakh-Yun cross-section, showing an old-to-young-complex decrease from 39 % for the Yudoma cross-section to 19 % for the Allakh-Yun cross-section. On the Yudoma cross-section, the detachment occurs in the Middle Riphean deposits and dips down to 8 km; on the Allah-Yun cross-section, it occurs in the Lower Riphean deposits and dips down to 15 km. The difference in the detachment level may indicate the presence of a ramp between the cross-sections or an inaccurate localization of a ramp between the Central and Kyllakh-Eibeke-Khayata segments. The changes in the geological structure across and along the strike of the orogen are traced; the obtained cross-sections are compared with each other, with other cross-sections across the South and West Verkhoyansk regions, and with the cross-sections through the foreland fold and thrust belts of the Urals, Appalachians, and Cordillera of North America.

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8

Bates, A. D., R. P. Rassool, E. A. Milne, M. N. Thompson, and K. G. McNeill. "N15photoneutron cross section." Physical Review C 40, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.40.506.

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9

McLean, D. J., M. N. Thompson, D. Zubanov, K. G. McNeill, J. W. Jury, and B. L. Berman. "C14photoproton cross section." Physical Review C 44, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 1137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.44.1137.

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10

Santini, Thiago, Paolo Rech, Gabriel Luca Nazar, and Flávio Rech Wagner. "Beyond Cross-Section." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 15, no. 1 (February 20, 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2794148.

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11

Schmidt, Natasha. "Controversial Cross-Section." Index on Censorship 31, no. 4 (October 2002): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064220208537134.

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12

Stulpinas, Mantas. "A REVIEW OF THIN-WALLED BUILT-UP CROSS-SECTION ASSEMBLIES." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 15 (March 27, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2023.16914.

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The goal of this research is to review the methods of assembly of the thin-walled built-up cross-sections, cross-section shapes and shape selection reasons. Different author’s experimental studies of the thin-walled built-up cross-sections of various lengths and shapes have been reviewed. The cross-section of the thin-walled built-up columns is assembled by connecting two or more profiles at their webs or flanges. The cross-section can be assembled indirectly – by using intermediate plates. The connections of the profiles and plates can be self-drilling screws, bolts, rivets or welds. The step of the thin-walled profile connections has an impact to the load bearing resistance of the cross-section. The increase to the load bearing capacity of the cross-section can be up to 16% when profiles without stiffeners are connected with a smaller connection step. The effect to the load bearing resistance of the decrease of the connection step length of the thin-walled cross-sections made of profiles with stiffeners was insignificant and sometimes unfavourable. Different cross-sections were analysed, and their effectiveness was compared. The more effective were cross-sections with a higher cross-section height and width, assembled of profiles with web and flange stiffeners. The ratio of the strength of the axial compression to the cross-section area of the built-up columns can be up to 80% higher when built-up cross-section is assembled using profiles with stiffeners, compared to the built-up cross-sections assembled using profiles without stiffeners.

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13

Koreň, Milan, Milan Hunčaga, Juliana Chudá, Martin Mokroš, and Peter Surový. "The Influence of Cross-Section Thickness on Diameter at Breast Height Estimation from Point Cloud." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9090495.

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Circle-fitting methods are commonly used to estimate diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees from horizontal cross-section of point clouds. In this paper, we addressed the problem of cross-section thickness optimization regarding DBH estimation bias and accuracy. DBH of 121 European beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) and 43 Sessile oaks (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) was estimated from cross-sections with thicknesses ranging from 1 to 100 cm. The impact of cross-section thickness on the bias, standard error, and accuracy of DBH estimation was statistically significant. However, the biases, standard errors, and accuracies of DBH estimation were not significantly different among 1–10-cm cross-sections, except for oak DBH estimation accuracy from an 8-cm cross-section. DBH estimations from 10–100-cm cross-sections were considerably different. These results provide insight to the influence of cross-section thickness on DBH estimation by circle-fitting methods, which is beneficial for point cloud data acquisition planning and processing. The optimal setting of cross-section thickness facilitates point cloud processing and DBH estimation by circle-fitting algorithms.

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14

Harrington, David R. "Hadron-nucleon total cross section fluctuations from hadron-nucleus total cross sections." Physical Review C 52, no. 2 (August 1, 1995): 926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.52.926.

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15

Schuler, Gerhard A., and Torbjörn Sjöstrand. "Hadronic diffractive cross sections and the rise of the total cross section." Physical Review D 49, no. 5 (March 1, 1994): 2257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.49.2257.

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16

Jiao, Jun Ting, and Rong Hua Yang. "Damage Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Cross-Section under Compression and Bending." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.480.

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By using the simple stiffness matrix formula of reinforced concrete (RC) cross-section under bending and compression, some RC cross-sections under bending and compression were traced through full path. Based on the numerical analysis, the damage of each point was calculated in a cross section, and the damage distribution of one member under the ultimate load was analyzed. This was agreement with experimental phenomena. In cross-section level, cross-section whole damage index was given and researched; and it could well explain cross-section mechanical behaviors.

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17

Priyadarsene, Dr P., Dr S. Vilvapriya, Dr S. Kavitha, and Dr S. Janani. "Primary cesarean section: A prospective cross sectional study." International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/gynae.2021.v5.i1c.808.

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18

Hsu, Wei Ting, Kun Ze Ho, Yu Xin Liu, and Shu Ti Chung. "Strength Analysis of Single-Symmetry Ratio for Single-Symmetry I-Beam." Materials Science Forum 1047 (October 18, 2021): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1047.202.

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Double-symmetry I-beams are the most common beam cross-sections in structural building. Because that is simpler to design and analyze steel profiles than single-symmetry I-beams. However, with the advancement of economy, the improvement of the quality of life and the cultural standards, large-scale emergence of various large span bridges, special bridge-type landscapes and viaducts. Single symmetrical I-section is better than Double-symmetry I-section to fairly in line with demand characteristics and material economy. This study chooses different Iyc/Iy ratio sections, 0.229, 0.23, 0.3 and 0.5. Iyc/Iy =0.23 is the change point of the sudden drop of the strength of the compressed airfoil. In study, the section is divided into three sections of plasticity, inelasticity and elasticity for analysis and comparison. Considering the different section sizes. If the value of Lb for a small non-elastic interval is too large, the section with a smaller cross-section will reach the elastic interval. Taking all section conditions Lb into consideration, taking 1.4m as a section will reach the non-elastic interval, if the value of the longer Lb is too small, the section with the larger section does not reach the elastic interval. In study, 10m is taken as the section to reach the elastic interval, orientation the AISC ( 2017 ) specification is used to analyze the I-beam. Symmetrical wing plate cross-sections were increased and reduced. The strength of the cross-sections between the compressed side and the tensioned side was discussed, and a single-symmetric I-section with the best cross-sectional efficiency was proposed.

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19

Dari Bako, Nicolas, Maëlle Kerveno, Philippe Dessagne, Catalin Borcea, Marian Boromiza, Roberto Capote, François Claeys, et al. "From ²³²Th(n, n’γ) cross sections to level production and total neutron inelastic scattering cross sections." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328408005.

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To probe the neutron inelastic scattering off 232Th, an experiment took place at the EC-JRC Geel conducted with the experimental setup GRAPhEME to detect emitted γ-rays. The prompt γ-ray spectroscopy method was used and 70 experimental 232Th(n, n’γ) cross sections were obtained from the experimental data. Combining these cross sections, nuclear-structure data available in databases and hypotheses to complete the latter, neutron inelastic level production cross sections in 232Th and the total inelastic cross section were calculated. For the first time, the total inelastic cross section of an actinide nucleus was derived on the total neutron energy range from experimental data only. Comparisons of (n, n’) cross section data with evaluated data reveal a good agreement between them all above 300 keV of neutron energy. TALYS calculations are compatible but lower than the evaluated data.

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20

Benjamin, Walter, and Gerhard Schulte. "Lichtenberg: A Cross Section." Performing Arts Journal 14, no. 3 (September 1992): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3245657.

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21

Cahoon, Joel E. "Defining Furrow Cross Section." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 121, no. 1 (January 1995): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1995)121:1(114).

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22

Gardner, R. J., and A. A. Giannopoulos. "p-Cross-section bodies." Indiana University Mathematics Journal 48, no. 2 (1999): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1512/iumj.1999.48.1689.

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23

Eckhardt, Bruno, Shmuel Fishman, and Imre Varga. "Semiclassical cross section correlations." Physical Review E 62, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 7867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.62.7867.

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24

COHEN, BERNARD. "The Cross-section Trichometer." Dermatologic Surgery 34, no. 7 (July 2008): 900–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200807000-00006.

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25

Dybdal, R. B. "Radar cross section measurements." Proceedings of the IEEE 75, no. 4 (1987): 498–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/proc.1987.13757.

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26

Scheibner, K. F., and A. U. Hazi. "Photodetachment cross section ofCu−." Physical Review A 38, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.38.539.

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27

Gran, Richard. "K2K cross section results." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 221 (December 2011): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2011.03.102.

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28

Dobson, J. "T2K cross section measurements." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 237-238 (April 2013): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2013.04.090.

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29

Kesner, J., J. J. Ramos, and F. Y. Gang. "Comet cross-section tokamaks." Journal of Fusion Energy 14, no. 4 (December 1995): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02214514.

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30

Kozak, Serhiy, Stefan Nagel, and Shrihari Santosh. "Shrinking the cross-section." Journal of Financial Economics 135, no. 2 (February 2020): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.06.008.

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31

Zhang, H. X., T. R. Yeh, and H. Lancman. "Photofission cross section ofTh232." Physical Review C 34, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 1397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.34.1397.

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32

McNeill, K. G., R. E. Pywell, B. L. Berman, J. G. Woodworth, M. N. Thompson, and J. W. Jury. "Photoneutron cross section forSi29." Physical Review C 36, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 1621–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.36.1621.

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33

Blättel, B., G. Baym, L. L. Frankfurt, H. Heiselberg, and M. Strikman. "Hadronic cross-section fluctuations." Physical Review D 47, no. 7 (April 1, 1993): 2761–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.47.2761.

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34

Froese Fischer, Charlotte, and Jo/rgen E. Hansen. "Photodetachment cross section forCa−." Physical Review A 44, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 1559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.44.1559.

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35

Grant, P. M. "Editorial: Radar cross-section." IEE Proceedings F Radar and Signal Processing 137, no. 4 (1990): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-f-2.1990.0032.

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36

Changkija, Narola. "Girl in Cross-Section." South Asian Review 30, no. 3 (November 2009): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2009.11932701.

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37

Walker, William D. "Quark nucleon cross section." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 36 (July 1994): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(94)90809-5.

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38

Reid, John D. "Visualizing cross section forces." Computers & Graphics 19, no. 3 (May 1995): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(95)00019-9.

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39

Gromova, E. A., S. S. Kovalenko, Yu A. Selitskii, A. M. Fridkin, V. B. Funshtein, V. A. Yakovlev, S. V. Antipov, et al. "Neutron cross section of236Pu." Soviet Atomic Energy 68, no. 3 (March 1990): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02074090.

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40

Soldatov, A. S., V. E. Rudnikov, and G. N. Smirenkin. "231Pa photofission cross section." Atomic Energy 78, no. 6 (June 1995): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02415264.

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41

Milstein, A. I., N. N. Nikolaev, and S. G. Salnikov. "Parity Violation in the Scattering of a Proton by Carbon and Oxygen." JETP Letters 114, no. 10 (November 2021): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364021220033.

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The effects of parity violation in the interaction of relativistic polarized protons with $$^{{12}}{\text{C}}$$ and $$^{{16}}{\text{O}}$$ nuclei are discussed. Within the Glauber approach, estimates are obtained for P-odd asymmetries in the total and elastic scattering cross sections, the dissociation cross section, and in the inelastic scattering cross section with meson production. Our calculations show that asymmetry should be most noticeable in the elastic cross section and in the dissociation cross section.

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42

Anwar, Naveed, and Mohammad Qaasim. "Parametric Study of Reinforced Concrete Column Cross-Section for Strength and Ductility." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.269.

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Several parameters and corresponding performance of reinforced concrete column cross-sections of different shapes (square, rectangular, circular, T-shape, I-shape, cross-shape, L-shape and C-shape) under various loading conditions have been studied in order to determine the suitable and optimum cross-sections for strength and ductility. In each cross-section shape, parameters include compressive strength of concrete (f’c), tensile strength of steel (fy), steel ratio (As/Ag), and angle of bending. In order to demonstrate the behavior and performance of the sections in terms of strength and ductility, CSISectionBuilder software was used to define the stress-strain curve for concrete and steel and then compute the moment-curvature relationship for each section. Considering different sections, the number of parameters in every section and various loading conditions, a total of around 1,800 sections were analyzed. The comparison procedures started within each section shape, and then across different sections in order to determine the most suitable cross-section for strength and ductility. Results of the study are deemed very useful in the system selection and preliminary design of important structures such as buildings with complicated geometry and high architectural demand including bridge piers and hydraulic structures.

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43

BOURRELY, C., J. SOFFER, and TAI TSUN WU. "γγ TOTAL CROSS-SECTION AT HIGH ENERGIES." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 01 (January 10, 2000): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300000037.

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We show that the rising total cross-sections σ(γγ→ hadrons) recently observed by the L3 and OPAL collaborations at LEP are fully consistent with the impact-picture for high-energy scattering. The impact picture is then used to predict this γγ total cross-section at higher energies, and confirm the universal increase of total cross-sections including those of pp, [Formula: see text] and γp.

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44

Shankar, S., R. Kumar, A. P. Khatri, and L. M. Gupta. "Comparison of Section Classification Procedure of Different Codes." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.533.

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The cross-section classification is essential to identify local buckling in steel sections. Local buckling restricts the section from attaining its maximum moment capacity. Cross section classification is based on the behavior of the element under direct and bending compressive stresses. Limit on width to thickness ratio of elements in a cross section is the governing criterion for the section classification in different national codes. In the case of seismic design, the post yield ductility is an important parameter; therefore, it is particularly essential to prevent local buckling. Design codes of different countries provide different limiting values for the section classification. The present study discusses the approach of various national codes towards cross section classification. The approach of Eurocode 3, AISC 341, AISC 360, BS 5950 and IS 800 on issues like section classification of members subjected to axial and flexural compression, sections with elements of different classes are explained and their salient features are compared with each other. It is observed from the study that, amongst the codes considered, AISC provides the most stringent limits for seismically compact section, whereas, for other class of sections Eurocode 3 limits are more stringent.

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45

Assimakopoulou, A., G. A. Souliotis, A. Bonasera, and M. Veselsky. "Systematic study of proton-induced spallation reactions with the Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) model." HNPS Proceedings 24 (April 1, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1841.

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Proton – induced spallation reactions on 238U, 208Pb, 181Ta and 197Au targets at high energies were studied and investigated using the microscopic Contrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) model. Total fission cross sections, the ratio fission cross section to residue cross section, mean kinetic energy of fission fragments, mass yield curves and the number of nucleons emitted, before and after scission, as well as the total nucleon multiplicity were calculated using the CoMD model and compared with experimental data from the literature. Some of our calculations showed satisfactory agreement with available experimental data.The calculations of cross sections and the ratio fission cross section to residue cross section as a function of the proton energy gave us the opportunity to estimate observables for unmeasured nuclides.

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46

Roda-Casanova, Victor, Antonio Pérez-González, Alvaro Zubizarreta-Macho, and Vicente Faus-Matoses. "Influence of Cross-Section and Pitch on the Mechanical Response of NiTi Endodontic Files under Bending and Torsional Conditions—A Finite Element Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 9 (May 8, 2022): 2642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092642.

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In this article, the effects of cross-section and pitch on the mechanical response of NiTi endodontic files is studied by means of finite element analyses. The study was conducted over a set of eight endodontic rotary files, whose geometry was obtained from combinations of two cross-sections (square and triangular) and four pitches. Each file was subjected to bending and torsional analyses, simulating the testing conditions indicated in the ISO 3630 Standard, in order to assess their stiffness and mechanical strength. The results indicate that endodontic files with a square cross-section have double the stiffness of those with triangular cross-sections, both in terms of bending and torsion. For both loading modes, endodontic files with a triangular cross-section can undergo larger deformations before overload failure than those with a square cross-section: up to 20% more in bending and 40% in torsion. Moreover, under equivalent boundary conditions, endodontic files with triangular cross-sections present a higher fatigue life than those with square cross-sections: up to more than 300% higher for small pitches. The effect of pitch on the stiffness and strength of the file is smaller than that of the cross-section shape, but smaller pitches could be beneficial when using a triangular cross-section, as they increase the bending flexibility, fatigue life, and torsion stiffness. These results suggest a clinical recommendation for the use of files with a triangular-shaped cross-section and a small pitch in order to minimize ledging and maximize fatigue life. Finally, in this study, we reveal the sensitivity of the orientation of files with respect to the bending direction, which must be taken into account when designing, reporting, and interpreting test results under such loading conditions.

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47

Kosmatka, J. B. "On the Behavior of Pretwisted Beams With Irregular Cross-Sections." Journal of Applied Mechanics 59, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899420.

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An analytical model is developed to study the extension-bending-torsion coupling behavior of an initially twisted elastic beam with an irregular cross-section. The determination of the complete displacement field requires solving a coupled two dimensional boundary value problem in a curvilinear coordinate system for the local deformations in the section plane and warping out of the section plane. The principle of minimum potential energy is applied to a discretized representation of the cross-section (Ritz method) to calculate solutions to this problem. Numerical results illustrate the pronounced effects pretwist, initial twist axis location, and in-plane deformation have on the behavior of solid and single and multi-celled sections, including airfoil sections.

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48

Camarda, H. S., F. S. Dietrich, and T. W. Phillips. "Microscopic optical-model calculations of neutron total cross sections and cross section differences." Physical Review C 39, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 1725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.39.1725.

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49

Carragher, Bridget, David A. Bluemke, Cathy E. Frantz, and Michael J. Potel. "Cross-Sectional Reconstructions of Sickle Cell Hemoglobin Macrofibers." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100118424.

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We have succeeded in performing two-dimensional cross sectional image reconstructions of sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) macrofibers. Macrofibers are long helical structures which are intermediates in the crystallization of deoxygenated sickle cell hemoglobin at low pH. Earlier work has established that macrofibers are aggregates of Wishner-Love double strands which consist of 2 half-staggered HbS molecules repeating every 64 A in the axial direction. Thin sections of embedded aggregating macrofiber cross sections reveal a dumbbell like pattern of double strands (Figure 2a,b) that is similar to the a-axis projection of the crystal structure. Approximately 5 rows with 10 double strands per row were identified in the cross section, but structural features in the thin sections were obscured by an approximately 15 degree rotational blur due to the finite thickness (400 A) of the helical section, the ill defined boundaries of the section due to uneven staining, and apparent particle damage. These structural features have now been resolved in reconstructed cross sections obtained using a real space filtered back projection algorithm.

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Ghaffary, Tooraj. "Comparing production cross-sections for QCD matter, Higgs boson, neutrino with dark energy in accelerating universe." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 14, no. 10 (September 13, 2017): 1750139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887817501390.

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In this research, the production cross-sections for quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter, neutrino and dark energy due to acceleration of Universe are calculated. To obtain these cross-sections, the Universe production cross-section is multiplied by the particle or dark energy distribution in accelerating Universe. Also, missing cross-section for each matter and dark energy due to formation of event horizon is calculated. It is clear that the cross-section of particles produced near event horizon of Universe is much larger for higher acceleration of Universe. This is because as the acceleration of Universe becomes larger, the Unruh temperature becomes larger and the thermal radiations of particles are enhanced. There are different channels for producing Higgs boson in accelerating Universe. Universe may decay to quark and gluons, and then these particles interact with each other and Higgs boson is produced. Also, some Higgs bosons are emitted directly from event horizon of Universe. Comparing Higgs boson cross-sections via different channels, it is observed that at lower acceleration, [Formula: see text], the Universe will not be able to emit Higgs, but is still able to produce a quark and eventually for [Formula: see text] the Universe can only emit massless gluons. As the acceleration of Universe at the large hadron collider (LHC) increases, [Formula: see text], most of Higgs bosons production will be due to Unruh effect near event horizon of Universe. Finally comparing the production cross-section for dark energy with particle cross-sections, it is found that the cross-section for dark energy is dominated by QCD matter, Higgs boson and neutrino. This result is consistent with previous predictions for dark energy cross-section.

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