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Journal articles on the topic 'Cross section, (n, n’γ)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 13 April 2024

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1

Dari Bako, Nicolas, Maëlle Kerveno, Philippe Dessagne, Catalin Borcea, Marian Boromiza, Roberto Capote, François Claeys, et al. "From ²³²Th(n, n’γ) cross sections to level production and total neutron inelastic scattering cross sections." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328408005.

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To probe the neutron inelastic scattering off 232Th, an experiment took place at the EC-JRC Geel conducted with the experimental setup GRAPhEME to detect emitted γ-rays. The prompt γ-ray spectroscopy method was used and 70 experimental 232Th(n, n’γ) cross sections were obtained from the experimental data. Combining these cross sections, nuclear-structure data available in databases and hypotheses to complete the latter, neutron inelastic level production cross sections in 232Th and the total inelastic cross section were calculated. For the first time, the total inelastic cross section of an actinide nucleus was derived on the total neutron energy range from experimental data only. Comparisons of (n, n’) cross section data with evaluated data reveal a good agreement between them all above 300 keV of neutron energy. TALYS calculations are compatible but lower than the evaluated data.

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2

Henning, Greg, Kerveno Maëlle, Philippe Dessagne, François Claeys, Nicolas Dari Bako, Marc Dupuis, Stephane Hilaire, et al. "Measurement of ¹⁸³W(n, n’γ) and (n, 2nγ) cross-sections (preliminary)." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 01046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328401046.

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The necessary improvement of evaluated nuclear databases for appplication will be achieved with improvement of models and new, precise data. In particular, the effect of inelastic neutrons scattering can be of importance for reactors. In order to test the models, we performed measurement of (n, n’γ) and (n, 2nγ) cross-sections on 183W. These data will help constrain the calculation codes and ensure a better evaluation of the total (n, xn) cross section. The experimental setup and the data analysis method will be presented. The preliminary experimental results for the 183W isotope will be compared to predictions from Talys nuclear reaction code.

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3

Henning, Greg, Maëlle Kerveno, Philippe Dessagne, François Claeys, Nicolas Dari Bako, Marc Dupuis, Stéphane Hilaire, et al. "On the need for precise nuclear structure data for high quality (n, n’γ) cross-section measurements." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328401022.

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The necessary improvement of evaluated nuclear data for nuclear applications development is possible through new and high-quality measurements, often combined with appropriate nuclear-reaction modelling. In particular, improving inelastic cross-section evaluations requires new and high-quality data. We measure (n, n’γ) cross-sections using prompt γ-ray spectroscopy and neutron energy determination by time-of-flight. To extract, from these partial data, the total inelastic cross-section, we rely on theoretical model as well as nuclear structure data such as γ ray emission probabilities. This structure information, tabulated in databases, comes with uncertainty. This directly affects the precision of our results, regardless of how good the measurement is. In this paper, we will present the issue of limited precision structure data and its impact on nuclear reaction data quality in the case of neutron inelastic scattering measurements. We will also discuss how to foresee and mitigate the issue.

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4

Claeys, François, Philippe Dessagne, Maëlle Kerveno, Cyrille De Saint Jean, Catalin Borcea, Marian Boromiza, Roberto Capote, et al. "Measurement of partial (n, n’γ) reaction cross-sections on highly radioactive nuclei of interest for energy production." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328401014.

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In the context of the development of Gen. IV nuclear reactors, the GIF (Generation IV. International Forum) has selected six innovative technologies. Among them, one can highlight the concept of breeding for 232Th/233U and 238U/239Pu fuel cycles. But those nuclei, crucial for such cycles, suffer from a lack of precise knowledge (nuclear structure, reaction cross sections). In particular, it has been demonstrated that neutron inelastic scattering reaction cross sections are not known with sufficient precision for the isotopes 238U and 239Pu, and not known at all experimentally for 233U. In order to perform simulations of innovative reactor cores for the development of those technologies, the knowledge of the reaction cross section has to be improved which implies that new measurements have to be done. The GRAPhEME (GeRmanium array for Actinides PrEcise MEasurements) experimental setup, developed by the IPHC laboratory from CNRS and installed at the EC-JRC-Geel GELINA facility is a powerful tool to answer this need [1, 2]. Combining the prompt γ-ray spectroscopy and the time-of-flight methods, it measures partial (n, xnγ) reaction cross sections. This paper reports on the improvements made on the GRAPhEME setup and data analysis methodology to tackle the challenge of (n, xnγ) cross section measurements on high activity actinides. Results obtained so far on 233U are presented compared to TALYS calculations.

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5

Party, Eliot, Catalin Borcea, Philippe Dessagne, Xavier Doligez, Grégoire Henning, Maëlle Kerveno, Alexandru Negret, Markus Nyman, Adina Olacel, and Arjan Plompen. "Neutron inelastic scattering of 232Th: measurements and beyond." EPJ Web of Conferences 211 (2019): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921103005.

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Gamma production cross sections have been obtained for 81 transitions in 232Th from (n,n’γ), 11 in 231Th from (n,2nγ) and 7 in 230Th from (n,3nγ) reactions using prompt gamma spectroscopy. Incident neutron energies were determined using the neutron time-of-flight technique. Sources of uncertainty have been examined and their correlations have been computed. Total uncertainty on cross sections ranges from 4 to 20%. Obtained cross sections are in agreement with prior experiments, but are not well reproduced by the TALYS 1.8 reaction code using default parameters. During analysis, discrepancies between our findings and the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) were noted. Future work related to the present experiment includes: improving theoretical models, quantifying the influence of the 232Th inelastic neutron cross section on reactor core parameters, and conducting additional measurements.

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6

Negret, Alexandru, Catalin Borcea, Marian Boromiza, François Claeys, Philippe Dessagne, Cristiano Fontana, Greg Henning, et al. "A new measurement on ⁵⁶Fe(n,inl) using GAINS@GELINA." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328401034.

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The extended dataset of 56Fe(n,n’γ) cross sections measured by our group more than a decade ago at GELINA (Geel Linear Accelerator) was used in many recent evaluations like ENDF, JEFF and CIELO. Despite the special measures we took to ensure reliability and accuracy, concerns were raised by various groups with regard to several features of this dataset (absolute normalization and/or shape) and therefore the 56Fe(n,inl) cross section is still under the evaluation by the International Nuclear Data Evaluation Network (INDEN). Consequently, a new experiment is now under preparation aiming to take advantage of the numerous experimental improvements of the GAINS (Gamma Array for Inelastic Neutron Scattering) setup implemented over the years. While γ spectroscopy combined with the time-of-flight method will remain the main technique involved, several other experimental details will differ substantially.

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7

Henning, Greg, Maëlle Kerveno, Philippe Dessagne, François Claeys, Nicolas Dari Bako, Marc Dupuis, Stephane Hilaire, et al. "Using the Monte-Carlo method to analyze experimental data and produce uncertainties and covariances." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 01045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328401045.

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The production of useful and high-quality nuclear data requires measurements with high precision and extensive information on uncertainties and possible correlations. Analytical treatment of uncertainty propagation can become very tedious when dealing with a high number of parameters. Even worse, the production of a covariance matrix, usually needed in the evaluation process, will require lenghty and error-prone formulas. To work around these issues, we propose using random sampling techniques in the data analysis to obtain final values, uncertainties and covariances and for analyzing the sensitivity of the results to key parameters. We demonstrate this by one full analysis, one partial analysis and an analysis of the sensitivity to branching ratios in the case of (n,n’γ) cross section measurements.

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8

Boromiza, Marian, Adina Olacel, Catalin Borcea, Philippe Dessagne, Greg Henning, Maëlle Kerveno, Alexandru Negret, Markus Nyman, Andreea Oprea, and Arjan Plompen. "Neutron-induced inelastic γ-production cross sections on ^58,60,64Ni." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328401010.

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This paper reports partial results of a (n, n’γ) measurement on nickel. The inelastic channel was measured using the Gamma Array for Inelastic Neutron Scattering (GAINS) spectrometer at the 100-m measurement cabin of the Geel Electron Linear Accelerator (GELINA) neutron source of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC) in Geel, Belgium. Using γ spectroscopy, we were able to extract angle-integrated production cross sections for several γ rays but we report here only the results for the main transition in 58Ni. We discuss however in detail the observed discrepancy between our data and other experiments (especially the work of Voss et al.). We also shortly comment on the quality of the neutron-target optical model potential in describing the inelastic data in this mass region. The calculations were performed using the talys 1.9 code in the default settings.

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9

Qaim, S. M., and R. Wölfle. "7Li(n,n’t)4He Reaction Cross Section via Tritium Counting." Nuclear Science and Engineering 96, no. 1 (May 1987): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse87-a16364.

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10

Olacel, Adina, Catalin Borcea, Marian Boromiza, Philippe Dessagne, Gregoire Henning, Maëlle Kerveno, Luiz Leal, Alexandru Negret, Markus Nyman, and Arjan Plompen. "Neutron inelastic cross section measurements on 54Fe." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023901010.

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A 54Fe(n, n'γ) cross section measurement was performed at the Geel Electron LINear Accelerator of EC-JRC, Geel using the Gamma Array for Inelastic Neutron Scattering spectrometer and a 235U fission chamber for flux normalization. The experimental results are presented in comparison with talys 1.9 default and tuned calculations. The tuned calculation, implying modifications of the optical model parameters, improved significantly the description of the experimental values and led to interesting conclusions regarding the interaction of the 54Fe nucleus with neutrons. Since the results of these calculations were already presented extensively in a dedicated paper, the present article focuses on details related to the experimental particularities and data analysis procedure.

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11

Dimitrakopoulos, Nikolaos, Georgios Perdikakis, Pelagia Tsintari, Carl R. Brune, Thomas N. Massey, Zach Meisel, Alexander Voinov, et al. "Experimental study of ³⁷Cl(α,n)⁴⁰K reaction in order to constrain the reaction rate of destruction of ⁴⁰K in stars." EPJ Web of Conferences 275 (2023): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327502003.

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40K is one of the main isotopes responsible for the radiogenic heating of the mantle in Earth-like exoplanets [1] and hence, plays a very important role in the internal geophysical dynamics of a planet. The abundance of 40K in the mantle and the core of such planets is not always possible to be determined by astrophysical observations, although constraining the nuclear reaction rates of 40K during stellar evolution can also lead to constraining the present amount of 40K in these planets, which will improve our understanding on the habitability potential of Earth-like exoplanets. This study aims to constrain the 40K(n,α)37Cl reaction rate, one of the two major destruction paths of 40K in stellar nucleosynthesis,by measuring the reverse reaction 37Cl(α,n)40K and applying the principle of detailed balance as we have done before for the 40K (40K(n,p)40Ar reaction rate) [2]. During the first set of measurements we performed differential cross-section measurements of the 37Cl(α,n1γ)40K, 37Cl(α,n2γ)40K and 37Cl(α,n3γ)40K reaction channels, for six different center of mass energies in the range between 5.1 and 5.4 MeV. The experiment took place at the Edwards Accelerator Laboratory of Ohio University. The gamma rays from the reaction channels mentioned above were detected by two LaBr3 scintillators. Using the swinger facility to change the angle of the beam-target system with respect to the detection system, we were able to take measurements for the differential cross-section at six different angles between 20° and 120° in the lab system.

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12

Hecht, Adam, Phoenix Baldez, and Baldez Baldez. "Developments in New Measurements of Fission Cross-Sections, Fragment Yields, and Prompt and Quasi-Prompt Gammas for Nuclear Data Needs." EPJ Web of Conferences 242 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024201002.

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The University of New Mexico Fission Spectrometer was developed to measure fission product yield, as part of the LANL SPIDER collaboration. The spectrometer operates as an E-v detector to extract product mass event-by-event, with a time of flight region followed by an ionization chamber for kinetic energy measurements. By using the ionization chamber as a singlecathode/single-anode time projection chamber, stopping power and thus Z information is extracted, for coupled A and Z measurements. New work is being performed to add gamma ray detectors in the data stream, placed near the target region for prompt gammas and near the ionization chamber for quasiprompt (>50 ns) and later gammas, correlated with individual fission products. A stand-alone parallel plate ionization chamber (PPIC) is also being developed for fission tagging gamma ray data. The PPIC will also allow discrimination between charged particle out events and (n,n’γ), and discriminate between alpha emission and fission. Using layers in the PPIC, other targets can be measured simultaneously with a calibration target, giving relative fission cross sections. Past measurements with the spectrometer were performed at LANSCE and we plan to continue measurements there. The current work is supported by the NNSA Stewardship Science Academic Alliance.

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13

Young, P. G., J. W. Davidson, and D. W. Muir. "Evaluation of the7Li(n, n’t)4He Cross Section for ENDF/B-VI and Application to Uncertainty Analysis." Fusion Technology 15, no. 2P2A (March 1989): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst89-a39739.

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14

Marian, Boromiza, Borcea Catalin, Dessagne Philippe, Henning Gregoire, Kervenoäelle Mäelle, Negret Alexandru, Nyman Markus, Olacel Adina, and Plompen Arjan. "High precision neutron inelastic cross sections on 16O." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023901013.

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This work reports partial results of a (n, nγ) measurement on 16O. The γ rays of interest from the inelastic channel were detected using the Gamma Array for Inelastic Neutron Scattering (GAINS) spectrometer at the Geel Electron Linear Accelerator (GELINA) neutron source. A very thick (32.30(4) mm) SiO2 target was used. The main goal was to determine the angle-integrated γ-production cross section for the most important transitions. In this work we report the results for the main 16O transition and we emphasize a consistency check aiming to ensure data reliability. Our results are compared with theoretical calculations performed using the TALYS 1.8 code and with previously reported experimental data.

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15

Onyshchenko, Gennadiy M., Boris V. Grynyov, Ivan I. Yakymenko, Sergey V. Naydenov, Pylyp E. Kuznietsov, and Oleksandr Shchus. "The Contributions to Registration Efficiency of The Fast Neutron Reactions on The Nuclei of The Heavy Oxide Scintillators." East European Journal of Physics, no. 4 (December 2, 2023): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-46.

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The results of the study of the contributions of the interaction reactions of fast neutron sources of 239Pu-Be and 252Cf to the counting efficiency of registration by oxide scintillators CdWO4, ZnWO4, Bi4Ge3O12 and Gd2SiO5, presented. The amount of gamma quanta per input neutron emitted from final nuclei excited in the reactions of inelastic scattering (n, nʹγ)in, resonant scattering (n, n)res and capture (n, γ)res and radiation capture (n, γ)cap was measured. PMT R1307 operating in single-electron mode was used as a photodetector, the background rate was ~ 5*103 s-1. The measured efficiency ε for scintillators ø40x40 mm was 752 for ZWO, 532 for CWO, 37 for GSO, and 23 for BGO in "counts/neutron" units, measurement error rate ~ 3-5%. The formation of the detector response is influenced by the parameters of the scintillator nuclei, such as the values of the interaction cross sections in the resonance region, the density of nuclear levels of the final nuclei, the lifetime of excited nuclear states, the upper limit of the resonance region of the cross section, as well as the scintillation time and geometric parameters of the scintillators. A phenomenological model of the response of an oxide scintillator to fast neutrons is proposed.

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16

Dave, J. H., J. J. Egan, G. P. Couchell, G. H. R. Kegel, A. Mittler, D. J. Pullen, W. A. Schier, and E. Sheldon. "Cross Sections, Transition Schemes, and Branching Ratios for232Th from the 232Th(n,n'γ) Reaction." Nuclear Science and Engineering 91, no. 2 (October 1985): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse85-a27441.

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17

Katz, Robert. "Cross section." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 41, no. 6 (January 1990): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(90)90040-n.

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18

Beer, H., P. V. Sedyshev, Yu P. Popov, W. Balogh, H. Herndl, and H. Oberhummer. "Cross section ofS36(n,γ)37S." Physical Review C 52, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 3442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.52.3442.

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19

Heil, M., F. Kappeler, M. Wiescher, and A. Mengoni. "The (n, γ) Cross Section of7Li." Astrophysical Journal 507, no. 2 (November 10, 1998): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/306367.

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20

Beer, H., W. Rochow, F. Käppeler, and T. Rauscher. "The 208Pb(n,γ) cross section." Nuclear Physics A 718 (May 2003): 518–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(03)00829-7.

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21

Kitatani, Fumito, Hideo Harada, Shinji Goko, Nobuyuki Iwamoto, Hiroaki Utsunomiya, Hidetoshi Akimune, Hiroyuki Toyokawa, Kawakatsu Yamada, and Masayuki Igashira. "Measurement of the77Se(γ, n) cross section and uncertainty evaluation of the79Se(n, γ) cross section." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 53, no. 4 (June 25, 2015): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2015.1056760.

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22

Massimi, C., O. Aberle, V. Alcayne, S. Altieri, S. Amaducci, J. Andrzejewski, V. Babiano-Suarez, et al. "Neutron-induced cross section measurements." EPJ Web of Conferences 279 (2023): 11009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327911009.

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Neutron-induced cross sections represent the main nuclear input to models of stellar and Big-Bang nucleosynthesis. While (n,γ) reactions are relevant for the formation of elements heavier than iron, (n,p) and (n,α) reactions can play an important role in specific cases. The time-of-flight method is routinely used at n_TOF to experimentally determine the cross section data. In addition, recent upgrades of the facility will allow the use of activation techniques as well, possibly opening the way to a systematic study of neutron interaction with radioactive isotopes. In the last 20 years n_TOF has provided a large amount of experimental data for Nuclear Astrophysics. Our plan is to carry on challenging measurements and produce nuclear data in the next decades as well.

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23

Kavanagh, R. W., and R. G. Marcley. "Thermal cross section forB10(n,t)2α." Physical Review C 36, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 1194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.36.1194.

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24

HIDA, Kazuki, and Shungo IIJIMA. "Evaluation of17O(n, a)14C Cross Section." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 28, no. 5 (May 1991): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1991.9731380.

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25

Molla, N. I., S. M. Qaim, and M. Uhl. "Activation cross section and isomeric cross-section ratio for theTi46(n,p)46Scm,gprocess." Physical Review C 42, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 1540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.42.1540.

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26

Mannan, A., and S. M. Qaim. "Activation cross section and isomeric cross-section ratio for theNb93(n,α)90Ym,gprocess." Physical Review C 38, no. 2 (August 1, 1988): 630–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.38.630.

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27

Luo, Junhua, Li Jiang, and Suyuan Li. "Activation Cross Section and Isomeric Cross-Section Ratio for the (n,2n) Reaction on113,115In." Nuclear Science and Engineering 188, no. 2 (August 4, 2017): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2017.1352366.

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28

Babiano-Suarez, V., O. Aberle, V. Alcayne, S. Amaducci, J. Andrzejewski, L. Audouin, M. Bacak, et al. "80Se(n,γ) cross-section measurement at CERN n TOF." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1668 (October 2020): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1668/1/012001.

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29

Zolotarev, Konstantin, and Sergei Badikov. "Evaluation of the93Nb(n,γ) Reaction Cross-Section." EPJ Web of Conferences 106 (2016): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201610604013.

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30

Khryachkov, V. A., I. P. Bondarenko, B. D. Kuzminov, N. N. Semenova, A. I. Sergachev, T. A. Ivanova, and G. Giorginis. "(n,α) reactions cross section research at IPPE." EPJ Web of Conferences 21 (2012): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20122103005.

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31

Galios, G., G. Doukelis, S. Kossionides, and T. Paradellis. "Total Cross Section of the n+11B Reaction." HNPS Proceedings 4 (February 19, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2870.

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The total neutron cross section of 11Β has been measured from 7.2 to 8.4 MeV. The analysis of all data from the 8Li(α,n0)11Β reaction in combination with the total cross section data can determine an upper limit on the stellar reaction rate of the 8Li(a,n)11Β reaction.

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32

Maslov, V. M. "Pairing effects in239Pu(n, 2n) reaction cross section." Zeitschrift f�r Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei 347, no. 3 (September 1994): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01292378.

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33

Davydov, M. G., F. Sh Khamraev, and �. M. Shomurodov. "Cross section of the reaction85Rb(?, n)84m,gRb." Soviet Atomic Energy 62, no. 3 (March 1987): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01123496.

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34

Sasao, M., T. Hayashi, K. Taniguchi, A. Takahashi, and T. Iida. "Cross section ofAl27(n,2n)26Alg.s.near 14 MeV." Physical Review C 35, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 2327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.35.2327.

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35

Skelton, R. T., R. W. Kavanagh, and D. G. Sargood. "26Mg(p, n) 26Al Cross Section Measurements: Erratum." Astrophysical Journal 308 (September 1986): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/164518.

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36

Facci, M. J., and M. N. Thompson. "The absolute 14N(γ, n) reaction cross section." Nuclear Physics A 465, no. 1 (March 1987): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(87)90299-5.

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37

Zheltonozhskii, V. A., V. I. Lomonosov, V. M. Mazur, and I. V. Sokolyuk. "Cross section of the reaction45Sc(γ, n)44mSc." Soviet Atomic Energy 68, no. 6 (June 1990): 514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02073301.

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38

Luo, Junhua, Li Jiang, Le Shan, and Liang Zhou. "Activation cross-section and isomeric cross-section ratio for the 122Te(n,2n)121m,gTe process." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 324, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-020-07119-3.

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39

Santry, D. C., and R. D. Werner. "Cross sections for the 93Nb(n,2n)92mNb reaction." Canadian Journal of Physics 68, no. 7-8 (July 1, 1990): 582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p90-088.

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The cross section of the 93Nb(n,2n)92mNb reaction has been studied by use of the activation method from the threshold energy of 8.8–19.8 MeV. Measurements are relative to the known cross-section values for the reactions H(n,n)H, 32S(n,p)32p, and 27Al(n,α)24Na. The cross-section value increases smoothly with energy and reaches a maximum value of 444 ± 18 mb at about 14.5 MeV then decreases to values of 293 ± 14 mb at 19.8 MeV. An effective cross-section value for a fission neutron spectrum calculated from the results is 0.321 ± 0.019 mb. The activation of Nb as a transfer standard for 14 MeV neutrons is discussed.

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40

Kerveno, Maëlle, Antoine Bacquias, Catalin Borcea, Philippe Dessagne, Jean-Claude Drohé, Nikolay Nankov, Markus Nyman, et al. "(n,xnγ) reaction cross section measurements for (n,xn) reaction studies." EPJ Web of Conferences 42 (2013): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20134201005.

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41

Phatak, Tejashree S., Jayalekshmi Nair, Sangeetha Prasanna Ram, B. J. Roy, and G. Mohanto. "Regression analysis of experimental reaction cross-section data of ²⁴¹Am(n, 2n)240Am." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 14016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328414016.

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Pre-processing of neutron reaction cross-section is essential in the nuclear data evaluation. This work aims to pre-process experimental cross-section data of 241 Am (n, 2n) 240 Am neutron reaction. Pre-processing of the experimental data includes re-normalization, removal of the outliers, integrating multiple cross-section values at single energy to single cross-section value, and regression on the cleaned experimental data. To remove outliers from the data, standardized residual and studentized residual have been used. For integration of multiple cross-section values to single cross-section value, the weighted average method has been used. Regression on the cleaned experimental data has been accomplished using the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Polynomial Regression (PR), and the performance of both regression methods has been studied using statistical indices such as the determination of coefficient (R2) and the sum of the square of residual (SSres).

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Becker, J. A., L. A. Bernstein, W. Younes, D. P. McNabb, P. E. Garrett, D. E. Archer, C. A. McGrath, et al. "Partialγ-Ray Cross Sections for the Reaction239Pu(n,2nγi) and the239Pu(n,2n) Cross Section." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 39, sup2 (August 2002): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2002.10875176.

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Leal-Cidoncha, Esther, Aaron Couture, Gencho Rusev, Evelyn M. Bond, Cathleen Fry, John Ullmann, and Todd Bredeweg. "²³³U(n,γ) measurements at LANSCE." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328401027.

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Uranium-233 plays an important role in the Th-U fuel cycle, which has been proposed as an alternative to the U-Pu fuel cycle due to its reduced amount of transuranium elements. The available experimental 233U(n,γ) cross section data in the literature are scarce, [1–3]. In 2008, the 233U(n,γ) cross section was investigated at LANL using the DANCE detector combined with a PPAC, however the statistics in the keV regime were inadequate for a reliable extraction of the cross section at 100 keV. An accurate measurement of the 233U(n,γ) cross section is required by the NCSP to complete the neutron-induced cross section data; a new evaluation reported the need of 233U capture data. The challenge in this measurement lies in the difficulty of measuring capture cross section data due to the competing capture and fission channels. Fission reactions are around one order of magnitude more likely than capture for 233U. The accuracy in the capture cross section measurement relies on the discrimination between the γ-rays produced in capture and fission reactions, for which an experimental setup combining capture and fission detectors is needed. Following this requirement, a new measurement has been performed at LANSCE combining the γ-ray array DANCE with the neutron detector NEUANCE to identify fission and neutron-capture events. This measurement will provide results of the 233U capture-to-fission ratio in the Resolved and Unresolved Resonance regions.

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Carlson, Allan, Roberto Capote, Denise Neudecker, Vladimir Pronyaev, and Georg Schnabel. "Database work for the new cross section standards evaluation." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 14006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328414006.

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An effort is now underway to produce a new evaluation of the neutron standards. It is important to maintain experimental programs to increase the quality and extend the database for the neutron cross section standards in order to improve evaluations of them that will be used to convert cross section measurements made relative to those standards. Measurements have been made for most of the standard cross sections since the last evaluation of the standards. The improved database includes the cross sections for the H(n,n), 6Li(n,t), 10B(n,αγ), 10B(n,α), C(n,n), Au(n,γ), 235U(n,f) and 238U(n,f) standard reactions and ratios among them. The database also includes the 238U(n,γ) and 239Pu(n,f) cross sectionsin addition to the standard cross sections. Those data were included since there are many ratio measurements of those cross sections with the standards and absolute data are available for them.

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ALVAREZ-RUSO, L. "N* RESONANCES IN NEUTRINO INTERACTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 26 (January 2014): 1460111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514601112.

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The role of N* resonances in neutrino interactions with nucleons is discussed, stressing the relevance for neutrino cross-section and oscillation experiments. The cross section for single N* weak excitation is expressed in terms of vector and axial transition form factors, which can be partially constrained using the available experimental information from photon, electron and pion reactions on the nucleon. New measurements on hydrogen and deuterium are necessary to reduce further the uncertainties.

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Tsinganis, A., E. Berthoumieux, C. Guerrero, N. Colonna, M. Calviani, R. Vlastou, S. Andriamonje, V. Vlachoudis, F. Gunsing, and C. Massimi. "Measurement of the242Pu(n,f) cross section at n_TOF." EPJ Web of Conferences 66 (2014): 03088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20146603088.

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Kalamara, A., R. Vlastou, M. Kokkoris, M. Diakaki, M. Serris, N. Patronis, M. Axiotis, and A. Lagoyannis. "Cross section of the 197Au(n,2n)196Au reaction." EPJ Web of Conferences 146 (2017): 11048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714611048.

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48

Koehler, P. E. "N14(n,p)14C cross section near thermal energy." Physical Review C 48, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.48.439.

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Jaag, S., and F. Käppeler. "Stellar (n,γ) cross section of the unstable isotopeEu155." Physical Review C 51, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 3465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.51.3465.

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50

Lehaut, G., M. Bourgeot, B. Galhaut, D. Goupillière, M. Henri, F. R. Lecolley, X. Ledoux, et al. "SCALP: a detector for (n,α) cross-section measurements." EPJ Web of Conferences 225 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022501001.

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Neutron induced reactions on oxygen have been studied with strong interest because of the uncertainties generated on the helium production in fuel and on the neutron multiplication factor in nuclear reactors [1], [2]. Still large discrepancies exist and new measurements are welcome in order to acquire new data aiming at the uncertainty reduction [3]. SCALP (Scintillating ionization Chamber for ALPha particle production in neutron induced reaction) is a new scintillating ionization chamber [4] used as an active target to measure the cross section of (n, alpha) reactions on various gaseous targets such as 19F or 16O, from the reaction threshold up to 15 MeV. It consists of an ionization chamber filled with CF4 (for fluorine measurements) or CF4+CO2(for oxygen measurements) allowing the detection of the energy deposed by the light charged particles emitted in the (n, alpha) reaction. In addition, four Photo- Multiplier Tubes detect the scintillation light produced by the interaction of the particles in the gas active volume. Taking advantage of the fast response of the scintillation, the neutron kinetic energy can be inferred by time-of-flight measurements. SCALP is then well adapted to mono-energetic neutron beams or to white neutron beams that will be delivered at the NFS Facility [5]. Because of its good resolution, SCALP discriminates different channel outputs, enabling to disentangle the different reactions [6]. We will present the performances of the SCALP detector in terms of temporal and energetic features. We will also present tests made at the GENESIS plate-form at the LPSC Grenoble [7].

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