Journal articles on the topic 'Cross-scale knowledge'
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Li, Zhi, Zhefeng Wang, Zhicheng Wei, Xiangguang Zhou, Yijun Wang, Baoxing Huai, Qi Liu, Nicholas Jing Yuan, Renbin Gong, and Enhong Chen. "Cross-Oilfield Reservoir Classification via Multi-Scale Sensor Knowledge Transfer." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 4215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i5.16545.
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Reservoir classification is an essential step for the exploration and production process in the oil and gas industry. An appropriate automatic reservoir classification will not only reduce the manual workloads of experts, but also help petroleum companies to make optimal decisions efficiently, which in turn will dramatically reduce the costs. Existing methods mainly focused on generating reservoir classification in a single geological block but failed to work well on a new oilfield block. Indeed, how to transfer the subsurface characteristics and make accurate reservoir classification across the geological oilfields is a very important but challenging problem. To that end, in this paper, we present a focused study on the cross-oilfield reservoir classification task. Specifically, we first propose a Multi-scale Sensor Extraction (MSE) to extract the multi-scale feature representations of geological characteristics from multivariate well logs. Furthermore, we design an encoder-decoder module, Specific Feature Learning (SFL), to take advantage of specific information of both oilfields. Then, we develop a Knowledge-Attentive Transfer (KAT) module to learn the feature-invariant representation and transfer the geological knowledge from a source oilfield to a target oilfield. Finally, we evaluate our approaches by conducting extensive experiments with real-world industrial datasets. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approaches to transfer the geological knowledge and generate the cross-oilfield reservoir classifications.
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Ahmad Khan, Aatif, and Sanjay Kumar Malik. "Assessing Large-Scale, Cross-Domain Knowledge Bases for Semantic Search." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 39, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2003.14.
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Semantic Search refers to set of approaches dealing with usage of Semantic Web technologies for information retrieval in order to make the process machine understandable and fetch precise results. Knowledge Bases (KB) act as the backbone for semantic search approaches to provide machine interpretable information for query processing and retrieval of results. These KB include Resource Description Framework (RDF) datasets and populated ontologies. In this paper, an assessment of the largest cross-domain KB is presented that are exploited in large scale semantic search and are freely available on Linked Open Data Cloud. Analysis of these datasets is a prerequisite for modeling effective semantic search approaches because of their suitability for particular applications. Only the large scale, cross-domain datasets are considered, which are having sizes more than 10 million RDF triples. Survey of sizes of the datasets in triples count has been depicted along with triples data format(s) supported by them, which is quite significant to develop effective semantic search models.
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Jin, Hailong, Chengjiang Li, Jing Zhang, Lei Hou, Juanzi Li, and Peng Zhang. "XLORE2: Large-scale Cross-lingual Knowledge Graph Construction and Application." Data Intelligence 1, no. 1 (March 2019): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00003.
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Knowledge bases (KBs) are often greatly incomplete, necessitating a demand for KB completion. Although XLORE is an English-Chinese bilingual knowledge graph, there are only 423,974 cross-lingual links between English instances and Chinese instances. We present XLORE2, an extension of the XLORE that is built automatically from Wikipedia, Baidu Baike and Hudong Baike. We add more facts by making cross-lingual knowledge linking, cross-lingual property matching and fine-grained type inference. We also design an entity linking system to demonstrate the effectiveness and broad coverage of XLORE2.
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Talluto, Matthew V., Isabelle Boulangeat, Aitor Ameztegui, Isabelle Aubin, Dominique Berteaux, Alyssa Butler, Frédérik Doyon, et al. "Cross-scale integration of knowledge for predicting species ranges: a metamodelling framework." Global Ecology and Biogeography 25, no. 2 (October 29, 2015): 238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12395.
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Li, Mingyong, Qiqi Li, Lirong Tang, Shuang Peng, Yan Ma, and Degang Yang. "Deep Unsupervised Hashing for Large-Scale Cross-Modal Retrieval Using Knowledge Distillation Model." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (July 17, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5107034.
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Cross-modal hashing encodes heterogeneous multimedia data into compact binary code to achieve fast and flexible retrieval across different modalities. Due to its low storage cost and high retrieval efficiency, it has received widespread attention. Supervised deep hashing significantly improves search performance and usually yields more accurate results, but requires a lot of manual annotation of the data. In contrast, unsupervised deep hashing is difficult to achieve satisfactory performance due to the lack of reliable supervisory information. To solve this problem, inspired by knowledge distillation, we propose a novel unsupervised knowledge distillation cross-modal hashing method based on semantic alignment (SAKDH), which can reconstruct the similarity matrix using the hidden correlation information of the pretrained unsupervised teacher model, and the reconstructed similarity matrix can be used to guide the supervised student model. Specifically, firstly, the teacher model adopted an unsupervised semantic alignment hashing method, which can construct a modal fusion similarity matrix. Secondly, under the supervision of teacher model distillation information, the student model can generate more discriminative hash codes. Experimental results on two extensive benchmark datasets (MIRFLICKR-25K and NUS-WIDE) show that compared to several representative unsupervised cross-modal hashing methods, the mean average precision (MAP) of our proposed method has achieved a significant improvement. It fully reflects its effectiveness in large-scale cross-modal data retrieval.
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Keeley, Annika T. H., Alexander K. Fremier, Pascale A. L. Goertler, Patrick R. Huber, Anna M. Sturrock, Samuel M. Bashevkin, Blake A. Barbaree, et al. "Governing Ecological Connectivity in Cross-Scale Dependent Systems." BioScience 72, no. 4 (January 25, 2022): 372–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab140.
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Abstract Ecosystem management and governance of cross-scale dependent systems require integrating knowledge about ecological connectivity in its multiple forms and scales. Although scientists, managers, and policymakers are increasingly recognizing the importance of connectivity, governmental organizations may not be currently equipped to manage ecosystems with strong cross-boundary dependencies. Managing the different aspects of connectivity requires building social connectivity to increase the flow of information, as well as the capacity to coordinate planning, funding, and actions among both formal and informal governance bodies. We use estuaries in particular the San Francisco Estuary, in California, in the United States, as examples of cross-scale dependent systems affected by many intertwined aspects of connectivity. We describe the different types of estuarine connectivity observed in both natural and human-affected states and discuss the human dimensions of restoring beneficial physical and ecological processes. Finally, we provide recommendations for policy, practice, and research on how to restore functional connectivity to estuaries.
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Delgado-Serrano, María, and Roberto Escalante Semerena. "Gender and Cross-Scale Differences in the Perception of Social-Ecological Systems." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10092983.
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The sound management of Social-Ecological Systems (SESs) requires a deep knowledge of the system and its dynamics, but effective strategies also need to include the perceptions of the local actors. These perceptions are specific and might differ for different actors. In this research, we analyzed the gender and across scales differences in the perception of a SES and unveiled the potential reasons that shape the different actors’ understanding. Using structural analysis tools, we analyzed the perceptions of local women, local men, and external stakeholders on the most relevant variables shaping the actual and future sustainable management of a SES. The research was developed in Santiago Comaltepec, an Indigenous community located in the Sierra de Oaxaca (Mexico) that manage their forest under community-based strategies. The gender differences in perception showed the inequalities in agency, voice, and power between women and men. The comparison of the perceptions between community members and external stakeholders showed greater similarities, but still reflected power differences and differences in knowledge and cultural representations. We concluded that sound and resilient SES management need to recognize the gendered and across scales diversity in perception, knowledge, and practices and create bridges and synergies among knowledge systems to shape desirable trajectories.
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Liu, Bi-Yuan, Huai-Xin Chen, Zhou Huang, Xing Liu, and Yun-Zhi Yang. "ZoomInNet: A Novel Small Object Detector in Drone Images with Cross-Scale Knowledge Distillation." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061198.
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Drone-based object detection has been widely applied in ground object surveillance, urban patrol, and some other fields. However, the dramatic scale changes and complex backgrounds of drone images usually result in weak feature representation of small objects, which makes it challenging to achieve high-precision object detection. Aiming to improve small objects detection, this paper proposes a novel cross-scale knowledge distillation (CSKD) method, which enhances the features of small objects in a manner similar to image enlargement, so it is termed as ZoomInNet. First, based on an efficient feature pyramid network structure, the teacher and student network are trained with images in different scales to introduce the cross-scale feature. Then, the proposed layer adaption (LA) and feature level alignment (FA) mechanisms are applied to align the feature size of the two models. After that, the adaptive key distillation point (AKDP) algorithm is used to get the crucial positions in feature maps that need knowledge distillation. Finally, the position-aware L2 loss is used to measure the difference between feature maps from cross-scale models, realizing the cross-scale information compression in a single model. Experiments on the challenging Visdrone2018 dataset show that the proposed method draws on the advantages of the image pyramid methods, while avoids the large calculation of them and significantly improves the detection accuracy of small objects. Simultaneously, the comparison with mainstream methods proves that our method has the best performance in small object detection.
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Sifa, Rafet, Anders Drachen, and Christian Bauckhage. "Large-Scale Cross-Game Player Behavior Analysis on Steam." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 11, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v11i1.12804.
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Behavioral game analytics has predominantly been confined to work on single games, which means that the cross-game applicability of current knowledge remains largely unknown. Here four experiments are presented focusing on the relationship between game ownership, time invested in playing games, and the players themselves, across more than 3000 games distributed by the Steam platform and over 6 million players, covering a total playtime of over 5 billion hours. Experiments are targeted at uncovering high-level patterns in the behavior of players focusing on playtime, using frequent itemset mining on game ownership, cluster analysis to develop playtime-dependent player profiles, correlation between user game rankings and, review scores, playtime and game ownership, as well as cluster analysis on Steam games. Within the context of playtime, the analyses presented provide unique insights into the behavior of game players as they occur across games, for example in how players distribute their time across games.
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Yunesian, Masud, Alireza Mesdaghinia, Ali Moradi, and Javad Homayoun Vash. "Drivers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study." Psychological Reports 102, no. 2 (April 2008): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.2.411-417.
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A cross-sectional survey was conducted by random cluster sampling in the city of Tehran. Knowledge of the drivers was assessed with 6 questions about national traffic laws. Attitude was assessed on a 7-item scale of drivers' perceptions. Behavior was observed by a police officer on 13 areas of assessment. Correlations were low among these three scores. Drivers with advanced education had higher scores on behavior. Knowledge, attitude, and behavior of these drivers did not seem associated.
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KC, Bidur, and Mohamed Zaidan Adil. "Knowledge of Glasgow Coma Scale among Nurses in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 60, no. 252 (August 1, 2022): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.7673.
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Introduction: Glasgow Coma Scale is a dependable and unprejudiced neurological evaluation kit applied for evaluating and recording the level of consciousness of a person. Evaluation of consciousness level using Glasgow Coma Scale is a tool necessitating knowledge which is vital in identifying immediate worsening of level of consciousness. Critical thinking used with skill and knowledge in Glasgow Coma Scale is the groundwork of nursing practice to avoid delay in clinical worsening and treatment. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of inadequate knowledge of Glasgow Coma Scale among nurses working in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among registered nurses working in different wards and Intensive Care Unit at tertiary care centre between 1 June 2022 and 30 June 2022 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 2905202211). Convenience sampling was done. Self-administered structured questionnaires were used to collect data to assess the knowledge of Glasgow Coma Scale. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 91 nurses, inadequate knowledge of the Glasgow Coma Scale was found in 48 nurses (52.70%) (42.30-63.10, 95 % Confidence Interval). Conclusions: The prevalence of inadequate knowledge of the Glasgow Coma Scale among nurses was found to be similar when compared to other studies done in similar settings.
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Ronquillo, Gerard, Danny Hopkin, and Michael Spearpoint. "Review of large-scale fire tests on cross-laminated timber." Journal of Fire Sciences 39, no. 5 (August 3, 2021): 327–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07349041211034460.
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Concerns about the environmental impact of building construction is leading to timber being more commonly used. However, it often faces scepticism regarding its safety in the event of fire. This article provides a point of reference on the fire performance of cross-laminated timber through a review of large-scale tests. Although adequately protecting CLT can make its contribution to fire insignificant, some of the internal surface of an enclosure can be exposed whilst still achieving adequate fire performance. Natural fire tests show that the charring rate and zero-strength layer thickness are higher than commonly used in guidance documents. The type of adhesive used to bond lamellae influences performance where delamination can lead to secondary flashovers, particularly in smaller enclosures. Structural elements can potentially collapse without self-extinction and/or suppression intervention. Tests to date have focussed on a residential context and knowledge gaps remain regarding larger enclosures, such as office-type buildings.
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Lin, Zehao, Guodun Li, Jingfeng Zhang, Yue Deng, Xiangji Zeng, Yin Zhang, and Yao Wan. "XCode : Towards Cross-Language Code Representation with Large-Scale Pre-Training." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 31, no. 3 (July 31, 2022): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3506696.
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Source code representation learning is the basis of applying artificial intelligence to many software engineering tasks such as code clone detection, algorithm classification, and code summarization. Recently, many works have tried to improve the performance of source code representation from various perspectives, e.g., introducing the structural information of programs into latent representation. However, when dealing with rapidly expanded unlabeled cross-language source code datasets from the Internet, there are still two issues. Firstly, deep learning models for many code-specific tasks still suffer from the lack of high-quality labels. Secondly, the structural differences among programming languages make it more difficult to process multiple languages in a single neural architecture. To address these issues, in this article, we propose a novel Cross -language Code representation with a large-scale pre-training ( XCode ) method. Concretely, we propose to use several abstract syntax trees and ELMo-enhanced variational autoencoders to obtain multiple pre-trained source code language models trained on about 1.5 million code snippets. To fully utilize the knowledge across programming languages, we further propose a Shared Encoder-Decoder (SED) architecture which uses the multi-teacher single-student method to transfer knowledge from the aforementioned pre-trained models to the distilled SED. The pre-trained models and SED will cooperate to better represent the source code. For evaluation, we examine our approach on three typical downstream cross-language tasks, i.e., source code translation, code clone detection, and code-to-code search, on a real-world dataset composed of programming exercises with multiple solutions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach on cross-language code representations. Meanwhile, our approach performs significantly better than several code representation baselines on different downstream tasks in terms of multiple automatic evaluation metrics.
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Lee, M. E., A. Moller, P. S. O. Fouche, and I. G. Gaigher. "SEM analysis of fish scale cross sections: A technique study." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 744–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100124124.
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Scanning electron microscopy of fish scales has facilitated the application of micro-structures to systematics. Electron microscopy studies have added more information on the structure of the scale and the associated cells, many problems still remain unsolved, because of our incomplete knowledge of the process of calcification. One of the main purposes of these studies has been to study the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of both calcified and decalcified scales, and associated cells, and to obtain more information on the mechanism of calcification in the scales. The study of a calcified scale with the electron microscope is complicated by the difficulty in sectioning this material because of the close association of very hard tissue with very soft tissues. Sections often shatter and blemishes are difficult to avoid. Therefore the aim of this study is firstly to develop techniques for the preparation of cross sections of fish scales for scanning electron microscopy and secondly the application of these techniques for the determination of the structures and calcification of fish scales.
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Oka, Nosayaba O. "Cross Cultural Knowledge, Ethno-Conservation, and Sustainability Pragmatism." Management of Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msd-2018-0009.
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Abstract Local conservative knowledge cut across small-scale ecological natural resource management practices, whilst scientific innovations generates extensive solutions using key principles of empirical study. Assessing tribal peoples’ lifestyles, disposition and the preservation of the rich cultural endowments and vegetation fertility, shows linkages of strict enforcement of customary environmentalism to secure livelihood sources. This qualitative study uses descriptive comparison of cross-cultural conservation practices to underscore the reconciliation of cultural knowledge, natural ecology sustainability. Data and case studies from cultural behaviours, perceptions and attitudes of certain tribal groups were processed and presented as strategies and solutions for inclusive propositions. Theories and dataset from previous journals, reports, books and conference communique from multilateral agencies, non-political actors, research institutes were resourceful in arriving at conclusions that will provide a common path that accentuates cultural ecological practices to broaden the campaign for sustainability.
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Talwar, Prashanth, and Mohd Fadzil B. Abd Rahman. "Assessment of HIV knowledge among university students using the HIV-KQ-18 scale: A cross-sectional study." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 5, no. 1 (September 13, 2015): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v5i1.24849.
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Globally, the spread of HIV/AIDS has become a major health concern due to its pandemic proportions. Although people of any age are vulnerable to HIV, the younger populace are more at risk of becoming infected due to their lifestyle choices. The aim of the study was to assess the level of HIV-related knowledge among undergraduate university students using the HIV-KQ-18 scale, and thereby determine a relationship between the selected demographic variables and HIV knowledge. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 students enrolled in a Malaysian University, using a self-administered questionnaire. The HIV-KQ-18 scale was used to measure participants basic knowledge about HIV, modes of its transmission and prevention. The study indicated that majority of the students (64%) had adequate HIV-related knowledge. Accounting for socio-demographics, it was noted that lower age group, male and Faculty of Science students were the variables associated with higher HIV knowledge scores. Multiple regression analysis predicted three variables namely gender, faculty and relationship status as being significantly associated with knowledge. Essentially, findings from the study indicate significant differences in the gendered knowledge of HIV, demonstrating a need to conduct more gender-based studies in different settings. Furthermore, it is recommended that age and gender specific educational interventions strategies could be implemented to address misconceptions about HIV, modes of its transmission and effective prevention.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.5(1) 2015: 33-38
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Wang, Hua, Feiping Nie, and Heng Huang. "Large-Scale Cross-Language Web Page Classification via Dual Knowledge Transfer Using Fast Nonnegative Matrix Trifactorization." ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 10, no. 1 (July 27, 2015): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2710021.
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Govero, Cheryl, and Barbara A. Bushman. "Collegiate Cross Country Coaches’ Knowledge of Eating Disorders." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 12, no. 1 (April 2003): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.12.1.53.
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Athletes are at a high risk for eating disorders due to the pressures placed on them by themselves as well as coaches. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the knowledge level of eating disorders among cross country coaches, (2) to determine their level of confidence in this knowledge, and (3) to determine reported sources of educational resources. Four schools were randomly selected from each NCAA Division I conference (return rate: 48%). A two-part questionnaire assessed sources of information and knowledge of eating disorders. Literature and sponsored programs were the two most common sources of information. For the 30 knowledge questions, coaches indicated their confidence level on a 4-item Likert-type scale. The knowledge of the majority of coaches was relatively high, and those with higher accuracy also had higher confidence. The confidence level and the percent of coaches answering each question correctly were significantly correlated, r=0.56 (p<0.01) but the confidence level and the percent answering incorrectly were not significantly correlated, r=0.24 (p=0.24). There were no significant differences in knowledge scores considering years of coaching (p=0.67) nor were there any significant differences in the scores between males and females (p=0.17). Although the cross country coaches were quite knowledgeable, additional ways to increase knowledge of eating disorders are needed.
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Martorella, Geraldine, Anaïs Lacasse, Michelle Kostic, and Glenna Schluck. "Cross-Cultural Validation of the English Chronic Pain Myth Scale in Emergency Nurses." Pain Research and Management 2019 (March 14, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1926987.
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Background. Utilization of the emergency department (ED) by patients seeking relief from chronic pain (CP) has increased. These patients often face stigmatization, and the ED is no exception. The French-Canadian Chronic Pain Myth Scale (CPMS) was developed to evaluate common societal misconceptions about CP including among healthcare providers. To our knowledge, no tool of this nature is available in English. Objectives. This study thus aimed at determining to what extent a new English adaptation of the CPMS could provide valid scores among US emergency nurses. The internal consistency, construct validity, and internal structure of the translated scale were thus examined. Methods. After careful translation of the scale, the English CPMS was administered to 482 emergency nurses and its validity was explored through a web-based cross-sectional study. Results. Acceptable reliability α>0.7 was reported for the first and third subscales. The second subscale’s reliability coefficient was below the cutoff (α=0.67) but is still considered adequate. As expected, statistically significant differences were found between nurses suffering from CP vs nurses not suffering from CP, supporting the construct validity of the scale. After exploratory factor analysis, similar internal structure was found supporting the 3-factorial nature of the original CPMS. Conclusion. Our results provide support for the preliminary validity of the English CPMS to measure knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes towards CP among emergency nurses in the United States.
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Lopes, Marcos Antônio Ribeiro de Menezes, Maurício Alcântara Angelim, and Davi Dominguez Sousa. "EVALUATION OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN SCALE KNOWLEDGE." Coluna/Columna 18, no. 2 (June 2019): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120191802195408.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: Neuropathic pain (ND) is defined as “one that results from injury or disease that directly affects the somatosensory system”, differing from other types of pain in terms of symptoms, mechanisms and therapeutics, being the early diagnosis prerequisite for the appropriate management. Pain evaluation scales are very useful in clinical diagnosis. It is critical that orthopedic doctors are familiar with such tools. The objective was to evaluate whether the orthopedic physicians in Salvador know the tools of evaluation and clinical diagnosis of neuropathic pain (ND), as well as to determine which method of evaluation of ND is most used in their clinical practice. Methods: Data were analyzed from 74 orthopedic physicians working in the city of Salvador, who were interviewed from January to November 2017. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire consisting of subjective and objective questions and analyzed with SPSS 22.0 software. Results: Among the interviewed physicians, 41.9% knew some of the scales and, of these, 64.5% used in their clinical practice, being 70.3% of the total sample. The LANSS scale was used by 25.8% of the physicians in their practice as a tool to diagnose neuropathic pain, 22.6% used DN4 and 35.5% did not use any. Conclusions: The orthopedic physicians know little about the tools of evaluation and diagnosis of neuropathic pain and those with greater time of activity know less these tools than those who have less time. Many who know the tools do not use them in their clinical practice. LANSS and DN4 are the most commonly used scales. Level of Evidence III; Cross Sectional Study.
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Monteiro, Karolinne Souza, Thayla Amorim Santino, Smita Pakhale, Louise Balfour, and Karla Morganna Pereira Pinto de Mendonça. "Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Brazilian version of the Cystic Fibrosis Knowledge Scale (CFKS)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): e0259232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259232.
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Background Information on the level of knowledge about cystic fibrosis (CF) among affected people and their families is still scarce. Objective This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt and analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of Cystic Fibrosis Knowledge Scale (CFKS). Materials and methods The translation and cross-cultural adaptation involved the stages of translation, synthesis of translations, reverse translation, synthesis of reverse translations, review by a multi-professional committee of experts and pre-testing. The reliability, viability, construct, predictive, concurrent and discriminant validity were investigated. Results The sample consisted of 40 individuals with cystic CF, 47 individuals with asthma, 242 healthcare workers and 81 students from the health area. The Brazilian version of the CFKS presented high internal consistency (α = 0.91), moderate floor and ceiling effects, without differences in the test-retest scores. An analysis of factorial exploration identified three dimensions. Confirmatory factor analysis led to an acceptable data-model fit. There was good predictive validity, with a difference in the scores among all the evaluated groups (p <0.001), as well as good discriminant validity since individuals with asthma had greater knowledge of asthma compared to CF (r = 0.401, p = 0.005; r2 = 0.162). However, there was no difference between the diagnosis time and knowledge about CF (r = -0.25, p = 0.11; r2 = 0.06), either between treatment adherence and knowledge about CF (r = -0.04, p = 0.77; r2 = 0.002). Conclusion The Brazilian version of the CFKS indicated that the scale is able to provide valid, reliable and reproducible measures for evaluating the knowledge about CF.
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Al-Quraan, Hamza, and Mohannad Eid AbuRuz. "Assessment Of Jordanian Nurses' Knowledge To Perform Glasgow Coma Scale." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 27 (September 30, 2016): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n27p208.
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The most important assessment of neurological examination in the clinical setting is assessing level of consciousness. The first neurological tool used to assess patients' level of consciousness was the Glasgow Coma Scale. It is considered as the most common less subjective gold standard coma assessment tool. The purpose of this study was to assess Jordanian nurses' knowledge about Glasgow Coma Scale. A non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional correlational design was performed in four (3 private hospitals and 1 governmental) hospitals in Amman-Jordan. A self-reported questionnaire was answered by all (ICU, CCU, ER, and Telemetry) nurses who accepted to participate in the study. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed to the participants with 90% response rate ending with 180 questionnaires in the final analysis. More than half of the sample (56.7%) was males. The participants were young nurses with mean age of 26.3±8 years. The total mean score for the whole sample was 7.38 ± 1.96. There was no relationship between experience, level of education, and training course and knowledge level. Nurses working in accredited hospitals and governmental hospitals recorded more level of knowledge than other hospitals. Emergency Room nurses recorded less level of knowledge than other area of practice. In conclusion, knowledge about Glasgow Coma Scale is a global problem. Jordanian nurses, as other nurses, have inadequate knowledge to perform Glasgow Coma Scale assessment. It is vital and necessary to include educational programs about Glasgow Coma Scale for nurses in all areas of practice and in the curricula of nursing colleges.
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Guiné, R. P. F., J. Duarte, M. Ferreira, P. Correia, M. Leal, I. Rumbak, I. C. Barić, et al. "Knowledge about sources of dietary fibres and health effects using a validated scale: a cross-country study." Public Health 141 (December 2016): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.08.015.
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Wu, Tianxing, Chaoyu Gao, Lin Li, and Yuxiang Wang. "Leveraging Multi-Modal Information for Cross-Lingual Entity Matching across Knowledge Graphs." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 8, 2022): 10107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app121910107.
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In recent years, the scale of knowledge graphs and the number of entities have grown rapidly. Entity matching across different knowledge graphs has become an urgent problem to be solved for knowledge fusion. With the importance of entity matching being increasingly evident, the use of representation learning technologies to find matched entities has attracted extensive attention due to the computability of vector representations. However, existing studies on representation learning technologies cannot make full use of knowledge graph relevant multi-modal information. In this paper, we propose a new cross-lingual entity matching method (called CLEM) with knowledge graph representation learning on rich multi-modal information. The core is the multi-view intact space learning method to integrate embeddings of multi-modal information for matching entities. Experimental results on cross-lingual datasets show the superiority and competitiveness of our proposed method.
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Kanwal, Nazia, Amtul Inayat, Zarnigar ., Ajmal ., Saima Anjum, Naima Anjum, and Waqas Latif. "Knowledge & Practice of GCS Among Nurses Working at ICU: Cross Sectional Study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22161131.
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Background: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a standard check list, to implement in clinical valuation awareness is examined by a set of actions known as neuropsychological assessment. Aim: To assess the Knowledge and practice of nurses about GCS working in ICUs. Study design: Descriptive Cross sectional study. Methodology: Study population included 150 nurses working in ICU of 02 public sector hospitals, Lahore General Hospital and Services Hospital of Lahore. Nurse’s knowledge was evaluated by using an adapted modified self-administered questionnaire and their practices were evaluated by direct observation through a checklist. ICUs nurses study participants based on inclusion criteria. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 26 as qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies %ages Results: The results clarify that highest percentage 52.7% of participant’s age is between 26-30years, 56.7% respond correctly about the specific sections of scale, 42% responds correctly to the lowest score. 66.7% nurses correct answered to the initial devise to assess the level of consciousness. However 86.7% nurses have adequate level of knowledge that it is used to assess the traumatic brain injury. Conclusion: We concluded that participants are having adequate level of knowledge and performance in evaluating level of conscious in ICU patients. Hence, health care settings are required to provide GCS charts and protocols for patient’s safety and better outcome. Keywords: Assessment, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Knowledge and Practice.
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GINGRICH, DOUGLAS M. "BLACK HOLE CROSS-SECTION AT THE LHC." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 32 (December 30, 2006): 6653–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06035087.
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Black hole production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was first discussed in 1999. Since then, much work has been performed in predicting the black hole cross-section. In light of the start up of the LHC, it is now timely to review the state of these calculations. We review the uncertainties in estimating the black hole cross-section in higher dimensions. One would like to make this estimate as precise as possible since the predicted values, or lower limits, obtain for the fundamental Planck scale and number of extra dimensions from experiments will depend directly on the accuracy of the cross-section. Based on the current knowledge of the cross-section, we give a range of lower limits on the fundamental Planck scale that could be obtained at LHC energies.
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Sarabia-Andreu, Francisco, Francisco J. Sarabia-Sanchez, María Concepción Parra-Meroño, and Pablo Moreno-Albaladejo. "Attitudes toward organic products: a cross-national comparison and scale validation." Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC 24, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sjme-10-2019-0084.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the formal and metric properties of Gil et al.’s (2000) scale of attitudes toward organic products, which is the most popular scale to measure these attitudes. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 4,992 household shoppers living in Hong Kong, Germany, Norway, Spain and the UK. The questionnaire was distributed using a third-party consumer panel, and the fieldwork was conducted using computer-assisted Web interviewing. The approach was based on confirmatory factor analysis and measurement of invariance, as well as format analysis using a wording-syntactic and semantic descriptive method. Findings The scale reflects an attitude-toward-object model approach. Its use has been heavily varied (in terms of wording, item semantics and the attributes to be measured). A two-factor structure that meets the metric conditions (reliability and validity) is found. However, the analysis of invariance shows that the scale behaves differently in different countries. Research limitations/implications This scale offers a good starting point for measuring attitudes toward organic products. However, it requires refinement to adapt to consumer evolution and improve its metric validity. Verification of its applicability in cross-national studies is recommended. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that assesses the format and quantitative characteristics of this scale on a cross-national level. For scholars and companies with international interests, preventing the use of scales with poor properties at the transnational level can improve the design of future studies and save money through a more informed choice of attitudinal scale.
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Huang, Shanshan. "Research hotspots and knowledge graph analysis of the relationship between Urbanization and Ecological Environment in the Yellow River Basin." SHS Web of Conferences 157 (2023): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315703007.
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Based on the literature sample data of the research topics related to urbanization and ecological environment relationship in the Yellow River Basin in CNKI database from 2000 to 2022, this paper uses excle and CiteSpace software to systematically sort out the preface, current hot spots and development trends of the research on the relationship between urbanization and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin through volume analysis, keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis, and the results show that the existing research scale tends to be smaller, and pays attention to multi-scale analysis and comparison. Comparing research from a large to a small scale is easier to solve practical problems; Secondly, it shows the cross-combination of measurement methods, and some studies pay attention to the cross-combination of mathematical models and spatial measurement methods in coupling measurement methods. Finally, the research content shifted from qualitative status analysis and static evaluation to quantitative analysis and dynamic trend evaluation.
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Annan, Esther, Aracely Angulo-Molina, Wan Fairos Wan Yaacob, Nolan Kline, Uriel A. Lopez-Lemus, and Ubydul Haque. "Determining Perceived Self-Efficacy for Preventing Dengue Fever in Two Climatically Diverse Mexican States: A Cross-Sectional Study." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12040094.
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Knowledge of dengue fever and perceived self-efficacy toward dengue prevention does not necessarily translate to the uptake of mosquito control measures. Understanding how these factors (knowledge and self-efficacy) influence mosquito control measures in Mexico is limited. Our study sought to bridge this knowledge gap by assessing individual-level variables that affect the use of mosquito control measures. A cross-sectional survey with 623 participants was administered online in Mexico from April to July 2021. Multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression models were used to explore factors that predicted mosquito control scale and odds of taking measures to control mosquitoes in the previous year, respectively. Self-efficacy (β = 0.323, p-value = < 0.0001) and knowledge about dengue reduction scale (β = 0.316, p-value =< 0.0001) were the most important predictors of mosquito control scale. The linear regression model explained 24.9% of the mosquito control scale variance. Increasing age (OR = 1.064, p-value =< 0.0001) and self-efficacy (OR = 1.020, p-value = 0.0024) were both associated with an increase in the odds of taking measures against mosquitoes in the previous year. There is a potential to increase mosquito control awareness and practices through the increase in knowledge about mosquito reduction and self-efficacy in Mexico.
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Song, Qing-Qing, Li-Hui Zhu, Ou-Ying Chen, Zhi-Rong Xiao, Zhi Chen, Yun-Bin Xiao, Jian-Chao Meng, Chao Zuo, and Jos M. Latour. "Compliance with aspirin in paediatric CHD post-percutaneous transcatheter occlusion: a cross-sectional study." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 10 (September 3, 2020): 1462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951120002322.
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AbstractBackground:Predictors of compliance with aspirin in children following cardiac catheterisation have not been identified. The aim of this study is to identify the caregivers’ knowledge, compliance with aspirin medication, and predictors of compliance with aspirin in children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) post-percutaneous transcatheter occlusion.Methods:A cross-sectional explorative design was adopted using a self-administered questionnaire and conducted between May 2017 and May 2018. Recruited were 220 caregivers of children with CHD post-percutaneous transcatheter occlusion. Questionnaires included child and caregivers’ characteristics, a self-designed and tested knowledge about aspirin scale (scoring scale 0–2), and the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (scoring scale 0–8). Data were analysed using multivariate binary logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of compliance with aspirin.Results:Of the 220 eligible children and caregivers, 210 (95.5%) responded and 209 surveys were included in the analysis. The mean score of knowledge was 7.25 (standard deviation 2.27). The mean score of compliance was 5.65 (standard deviation 1.36). Child’s age, length of aspirin use, health insurance policies, relationship to child, monthly income, and knowledge about aspirin of caregivers were independent predictors of compliance with aspirin (p < 0.05).Conclusion:Caregivers of children with CHD had an adequate level of knowledge about aspirin. Compliance to aspirin medication reported by caregivers was low. Predictors of medium to high compliance with aspirin were related to the child’s age and socio-economic reasons. Further studies are needed to identify effective strategies to improve knowledge, compliance with medication, and long-term outcomes of children with CHD.
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Akyol, Merve Aliye, Seher Gönen Şentürk, Burcu Akpınar Söylemez, and Özlem Küçükgüçlü. "Assessment of Dementia Knowledge Scale for the Nursing Profession and the General Population: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 50, no. 2 (2021): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000517537.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> The incidence of dementia is increasing dramatically worldwide. It is important to determine knowledge about the dementia for it’s prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and care. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS-T) were evaluated in this study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The psychometric study was conducted. A total of 1592 participants were recruited between November 2019 and March 2020. The data were collected using a sociodemographic form and DKAS-T. The language and content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the validity of the scale. The scale’s reliability was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, a paired sample <i>t</i>-test, item-total score correlation, and Hotelling’s <i>T</i>-squared test. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean age of the sample was 29.38 (±11.50) years; 66.8% (<i>n</i> = 1064) were female, and 54.1% (<i>n</i> = 861) reported their income status as income equal to expenditure. The DKAS-T demonstrated content validity and adequate sensitivity (Kendall <i>W</i> = 0.155, <i>p</i> = 0.093). The scale consisted of seventeen items and was unidimensional, which explained 28.705% of the variance. All the factor loadings were found to be >0.30 in factor analysis. In CFA, all of the fit indexes were >0.95 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.033. A Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.836 was obtained for the entire scale. It was determined that the scale has invariance according to time (<i>t</i> = −1.362, <i>p</i> = 0.181). Homogeneity of the scale was 3.26%, and there was no absence of reaction bias (Hotelling’s <i>T</i>-squared = 2573.681, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results demonstrated that the instrument is reliable and generates valid data for the Turkish sample. This scale can be used to determine knowledge about dementia and planning educational interventions in the issue.
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Lyndon, Mataroria P., Atipong Pathanasethpong, Marcus A. Henning, Yan Chen, and Leo Anthony Celi. "Measuring the learning outcomes of datathons." BMJ Innovations 8, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2021-000747.
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PurposeHealthcare datathons are events in which cross-disciplinary teams leverage data science methodologies to address clinical questions using large datasets. The aim of this research was to evaluate participant satisfaction and learning outcomes of datathons.MethodsA multicentre cross-sectional study was performed using survey data from datathons conducted in Sydney, Australia (April 2018) n=98, Singapore (July 2018) n=169 and Beijing, China (December 2018) n=200.Participants (n=467) completed an online confidential survey at the end of the datathons which contained the Affective Learning Scale, and measures of event satisfaction, perceived knowledge gain, as well as free text responses, and participants’ demographic background. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Thematic analysis was performed on the text responses.ResultsThe overall response rate was 64% (301/467). Participants were mostly male (70%); 50.2% were health professionals and 49.8% were data scientists.Based on the Affective Learning Scale (7-point Likert type scale), participants reported a positive learning experience (M = 5.93, SD = 1.21), satisfaction for content and subject matter of the datathon (M = 5.81, SD = 1.17), applying behaviours (M = 4.71, SD =2.02), instruction from mentors (M = 6.01, SD = 1.18), and intention to participate in future datathons (M = 6.03, SD = 1.23).The MANOVA showed significant differences between health professionals and data scientists in perceived knowledge gain from the datathons. Themes from text responses emerged: (1) cross-disciplinary collaboration; (2) improving healthcare using data science and (3) preparations for big data analytics.ConclusionsDatathons provide a satisfying learning experience for participants and promote affective learning, cross-disciplinary collaboration and knowledge gain in health data science.
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Reed, M. S., M. Buenemann, J. Atlhopheng, M. Akhtar-Schuster, F. Bachmann, G. Bastin, H. Bigas, et al. "Cross-scale monitoring and assessment of land degradation and sustainable land management: A methodological framework for knowledge management." Land Degradation & Development 22, no. 2 (January 25, 2011): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.1087.
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Santos, Wesley Cajaíba, Cássia Regina Vancini-Campanharo, Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira Lopes, Meiry Fernanda Pinto Okuno, and Ruth Ester Assayag Batista. "Assessment of nurse’s knowledge about Glasgow coma scale at a university hospital." Einstein (São Paulo) 14, no. 2 (June 2016): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082016ao3618.
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ABSTRACT Objective To assess knowledge of nurses of emergency services and intensive care units about Glasgow Coma Scale. Methods This cross-sectional analytical study included 127 nurses of critical units of an university hospital. We used structured interview with 12 questions to evaluate their knowledge about the scale. Association of Knowledge with professionals’ sociodemographic variables were verified by the Fisher-test, χ2 and likelihood ratio. Results Most of participants were women mean aged 31.1 years, they had graduated more than 5 years previously, and had 1 to 3 years of work experience. In the assessment of best score possible for Glasgow scale (question 3) nurses who had graduate more than 5 years ago presented a lower percentage success rate (p=0.0476). However, in the question 7, which evaluated what interval of the scale indicated moderate severity of brain trauma injury, those with more years of experience had higher percentage of correct answers (p=0.0251). In addition, nurses from emergency service had more correct answers than nurses from intensive care unit (p=0.0143) in the same question. Nurses graduated for more than 5 years ago had a lower percentage of correct answers in question 7 (p=0.0161). Nurses with more work experience had a better score (p=0.0119) to identify how assessment of motor response should be started. Conclusion Number of year since graduation, experience, and work at critical care units interfered in nurses’ knowledge about the scale, which indicates the need of training.
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Nguyen, Tuyet-Mai, Liem Viet Ngo, and Gary Gregory. "Motivation in organisational online knowledge sharing." Journal of Knowledge Management 26, no. 1 (October 18, 2021): 102–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-09-2020-0664.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of intrinsic motives (self-efficacy, reputation and reciprocity) on online knowledge sharing behaviour. Additionally, this research investigates the moderating role of individual innovation capability and top management support. Design/methodology/approach The methodology adopted was a questionnaire survey of employees working in Vietnamese telecommunications companies. A total of 501 employees completed a self-administered anonymous survey using a cross-sectional design. Confirmatory factor analysis and ordinary least squared – based hierarchical regression was used to test the conceptual framework. Findings Self-efficacy, reputation and reciprocity significantly impact online knowledge sharing behaviour. Specifically, self-efficacy has an inverted U-shape association while reputation and reciprocity have a positively, returns-to-scale association with online knowledge sharing behaviour. Individual innovation capability moderates the effect on these associations as does top management support, but to a lesser extent. Research limitations/implications Data were obtained at a single point in time and self-reported. Furthermore, this study was conducted in a specific industry in Vietnam, i.e. telecommunications, which limits the generalisability of the research. Practical implications Organisations need to create a favourable environment for online knowledge sharing to foster reciprocal relationships and interpersonal interactions of employees. Encouraging and rewarding employees to actively engage in knowledge exchange will help facilitate reciprocal online knowledge sharing behaviour. Originality/value This study contributes to knowledge-sharing behaviour by uncovering an inverted U-shape association and positively, returns-to-scale associations between intrinsic antecedents and online knowledge sharing behaviour. Additionally, individual innovation capability was an important moderator which has been overlooked in past research.
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Yu, Fei, Jiji Tang, Weichong Yin, Yu Sun, Hao Tian, Hua Wu, and Haifeng Wang. "ERNIE-ViL: Knowledge Enhanced Vision-Language Representations through Scene Graphs." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 4 (May 18, 2021): 3208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i4.16431.
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We propose a knowledge-enhanced approach, ERNIE-ViL, which incorporates structured knowledge obtained from scene graphs to learn joint representations of vision-language. ERNIE-ViL tries to build the detailed semantic connections (objects, attributes of objects and relationships between objects) across vision and language, which are essential to vision-language cross-modal tasks. Utilizing scene graphs of visual scenes, ERNIE-ViL constructs Scene Graph Prediction tasks, i.e., Object Prediction, Attribute Prediction and Relationship Prediction tasks in the pre-training phase. Specifically, these prediction tasks are implemented by predicting nodes of different types in the scene graph parsed from the sentence. Thus, ERNIE-ViL can learn the joint representations characterizing the alignments of the detailed semantics across vision and language. After pre-training on large scale image-text aligned datasets, we validate the effectiveness of ERNIE-ViL on 5 cross-modal downstream tasks. ERNIE-ViL achieves state-of-the-art performances on all these tasks and ranks the first place on the VCR leaderboard with an absolute improvement of 3.7%.
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Vidal-Conti, Josep, Gemma Carbonell, Jaume Cantallops, and Pere A. Borràs. "Knowledge of Low Back Pain among Primary School Teachers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 11306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111306.
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Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disease that affects a large percentage of the working population, including teachers. The World Health Organization has identified the school as an effective environment for improving child health. For this reason, the figure of the teacher is a fundamental piece in the process of knowledge acquisition about postural education and prevention of LBP among schoolchildren. The present study aims to determine the knowledge of postural education and back pain prevention among primary school teachers. This cross-sectional study evaluated 85 primary school teachers from Majorca (Spain), of whom 17.6% were physical education teachers and 82.4% were classroom teachers. The study was based on two different structured and self-administered questionnaires to investigate into specific knowledge about LBP: Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire (LKQ) and COSACUES-AEF Questionnaire. The results demonstrated a lifetime prevalence of LBP of 96.5% with significant differences determined by sex. The knowledge of participants about LBP was 17.3 in LKQ (range scale 0–24) and 4.3 in COSACUES (range scale 1–10). In conclusion, the teachers knowledge is insufficient to carry out an efficient and useful health promotion program among schoolchildren to prevent LBP.
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Rahimi, Aisyah Mohd, Intan Nurdin, Shahrina Ismail, and Azira Khalil. "Malaysian Nurses’ Knowledge of Radiation Protection: A Cross-Sectional Study." Radiology Research and Practice 2021 (August 4, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5566654.
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Radiology is a vital diagnostic tool for multiple disorders that plays an essential role in the healthcare sector. Nurses are majorly involved in a healthcare setting by accompanying patients during the examination. Thus, nurses tend to be exposed during inward X-ray examination, requiring them to keep up with radiation use safety. However, nurses’ competence in radiation is still a concept that has not been well studied in Malaysia. The study aimed to define the level of usage understanding and radiation protection among Malaysian nurses. In this research, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 395 nurses working in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare sectors in Malaysia. The survey is based on the developed Healthcare Professional Knowledge of Radiation Protection (HPKRP) scale, distributed via the online Google Forms. SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corporation) was used to analyze the data in this study. Malaysian nurses reported the highest knowledge level in radiation protection with a mean of 6.03 ± 2.59. The second highest is safe ionizing radiation guidelines with 5.83 ± 2.77, but low knowledge levels in radiation physics and radiation usage principle (4.69 ± 2.49). Therefore, healthcare facilities should strengthen the training standards for all nurses working with or exposed to radiation.
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Branca, Antonio, Giulia Brunetti, Andrea Longhin, Marco Martini, Fabio Pupilli, and Francesco Terranova. "A New Generation of Neutrino Cross Section Experiments: Challenges and Opportunities." Symmetry 13, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091625.
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Our knowledge of neutrino cross sections at the GeV scale, instrumental to test CP symmetry violation in the leptonic sector, has grown substantially in the last two decades. Still, their precision and understanding are far from the standard needed in contemporary neutrino physics. Nowadays, the knowledge of the neutrino cross section at O(10%) causes the main systematic uncertainty in oscillation experiments and jeopardizes their physics reach. In this paper, we envision the opportunities for a new generation of cross section experiments to be run in parallel with DUNE and HyperKamiokande. We identify the most prominent physics goals by looking at the theory and experimental limitations of the previous generation of experiments. We highlight the priorities in the theoretical understanding of GeV cross sections and the experimental challenges of this new generation of facilities.
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Bang, Kyung-sook, Hwal Bang, Sun-Woo Hong, and Jihee Lim. "Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (K-PTSD) Measuring Attitudes and Knowledge of PTSD." Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education 26, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2020.26.1.47.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the PTSD scale (K-PTSD) for measuring attitudes and knowledge of PTSD. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The K-PTSD scale consisted of 8 items for attitudes, 8 items for general knowledge of PTSD, and 3 items for knowledge of PTSD treatment; 211 nursing students and paramedic students participated. Content validity, item analysis, and factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity. Criterion validity was tested by using educational experience with PTSD as a criterion. Cronbach's α was used to identify internal consistency reliability in the attitude scale. Results: Construct validity of the K-PTSD was verified by exploratory factor analysis, with factor loadings for attitude ranging from .59 to .84. Criterion validity in comparing knowledge of PTSD (t=2.02, p=.044) and PTSD treatment (t=3.19, p=.022) showed a significant difference according to PTSD educational experience. Cronbach's α for the attitude scale was .79 and .59. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the K-PTSD is a valid and reliable tool that can measure attitudes and knowledge of PTSD among nursing and paramedic students. However, further study is needed to retest the verification of this scale with more diverse participants.
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Chen, Ming, Rui Zhang, and Ying Lei Li. "Fault Diagnosis System for Large-Scale Equipments Based on Hybrid Reasoning." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 956–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.956.
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Because of their complex structures, diverse functions, and cross-correlation among subsystems, the fault of large-scale equipments occurs easily, but its trouble shooting is difficult. Firstly, a hybrid reasoning method is proposed, and the framework of fault diagnosis system is constructed according to characteristics of case based reasoning (CBR) and rule based reasoning (RBR). Secondly, CBR and RBR applied to fault diagnosis for large-scale NC equipments are analyzed. In RBR process, the fault tree was obtained by reachability matrix, and the rules knowledge is automatically generated by fault tree, so the bottleneck of acquiring rules knowledge is solved. Lastly, this method is used in the fault diagnosis of certain large-scale NC equipment, which verifies the validity of the method.
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Bhattarai, G., A. Bhattarai, P. Sharma, and R. Shakya. "Covid 19 Related Knowledge, Anxiety And Coping Strategies Among Players And Officials Of Men's National Football Team In Nepal." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 10, no. 1 (October 14, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v10i1.40343.
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Introduction: This study aims to assess the knowledge and anxiety about CoVID 19 and coping skills involved in dealing with the anxiety in National men’s football team .
Material And Method: Cross sectional analytic study with purposive sampling of members affiliated to Mens national football team who presented to Patan hospital for PCR testing. Tools used were knowledge about corona, fear of COVID 19 scale and Brief Cope Scale Total sample size of 44.
Results: Overall, more than 90% the respondents showed good knowledge about most of the facts about corona virus. The median scores of fear scale showed they were mostly neutral or in disagreement with anxiety statements related to COVID. They mostly adopted coping strategies of Active Coping, Planning, Acceptance, Positive Reframing and informational support while Substance use and Humor were the least used.
Conclusion: The respondents mostly showed good knowledge about corona virus disease, low to mild levels of anxiety and most importantly adopted adaptive coping skills in dealing with the stress.
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Herrero-Hahn, Raquel, Juan Guillermo Rojas, Rafael Montoya-Juárez, María Paz García-Caro, and César Hueso-Montoro. "Level of Cultural Self-Efficacy of Colombian Nursing Professionals and Related Factors." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 30, no. 2 (May 21, 2018): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659618777047.
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Purpose: To describe the level of cultural self-efficacy of Colombian nursing professionals and determine the main influencing factors. Method: A descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 211 nursing professionals selected by systematic random sampling for a finite population, using the Colombian version of the Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale. After descriptive statistical analysis, nonparametric tests were applied to determine between-variable associations, followed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The mean Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale score was 2.58. An association with sex and age ( p < .05) was observed in regression analysis. The mean score for knowledge of cultural concepts was 3.20 and associated with age, years of experience, educational level, and cross-cultural experiences ( p < .05). The mean score for confidence in performing cultural nursing skills was 3.29. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The cultural self-efficacy level of this sample of nursing professionals, with their consequent capacity to provide culturally competent care, is moderate and is associated with sex and age. Confidence in knowledge of cultural concepts is affected by age, educational level, years of experience, and cross-cultural experiences. This evidence supports the implementation of changes to improve the cultural knowledge and therefore cultural self-efficacy of these professionals.
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Ismail, Wahyuni, Eka Damayanti, Sitti Nurpahmi, and Dayang Hjh Tiawa Awg Hj Hamid. "Coping strategy and substance use disorders: The mediating role of drug hazard knowledge." Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v6i2.8185.
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Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a social phenomenon that has plagued communities, including adolescents. Coping strategy and drug hazard knowledge are seen as important factors in curbing drug use amongst young people. This study aims to identify the indirect influence of coping strategy through drug hazard knowledge as a mediator in substance use disorders. The research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, with a sample of 381 adolescents, 313 males and 68 females, selected using a simple random sampling technique. The research instruments comprised the Drugs Abuse Screening Test-28, a coping scale, and drug hazard knowledge scale. AMOS 20.0 for Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used for the analysis. The results show no significant indirect influence of coping strategy through drug hazard knowledge as a mediator in substance use disorder among adolescents. This indicates that drug hazard knowledge has no significant influence on substance use disorders.
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Tymruk-Skoropad, Kateryna, Iuliia Pavlova, Nadiya Sydoryk, Yuliia Kulitka, and Bohdan Kruk. "Assessment of disease-related knowledge among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study." Physical Activity Review 8, no. 2 (2020): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2020.08.24.
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Introduction. The main task of this study was to study the level of knowledge of the Ukrainian patient about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the factors that cause and affect this indicator, with the help of a validated instrument. Methods. 41 patients were involved in the study. Socio-demographic data, information on the duration, course of the disease and cooperation with a physical therapist were collected. Anthropometric measurements, spirometry, pulse oximetry, tonometry were performed. Patients were surveyed with Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Clinical COPD Questionnaire score, and Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire (BCKQ). Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire was translated, cross-culturally adapted and validated. Regression analysis was performed to determine relationships between the level of knowledge about the disease, socio-demographic data, indicators of respiratory system functional status, and survey data. Results. The average total score for BCKQ was 24.71±9.62 points. Patients gave the least number of correct answers to the question related to medical treatment. The level of knowledge depends on the factors such as age (β=-0.557; 95% CI: -1.041–0.086, p=0.086), duration of the disease (β=-0.114; 95% CI: -0.077–0.055, p=0.048), respiratory ratings, functional limitations, and own psychosocial dysfunction according to the CCQ scale (β =-0.506; 95% CI: -0.007–0.752, p=0.053), and the HADS depression score (β =-0.655; 95% CI: -4.257– -0.085, p=0.043). Conclusion. The level of knowledge of Ukrainian patients about COPD is low. More experience of the disease did not affect the increase in the level of knowledge. Older patients had a lower level of knowledge about their disease. Impact of body mass index, spirometry results, level of severity of shortness of breath, and symptoms of the disease on the level of knowledge was not revealed.
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Ndayambaje, Benjamin, Hellen Amuguni, Jeanne Coffin-Schmitt, Nancy Sibo, Martin Ntawubizi, and Elizabeth VanWormer. "Pesticide Application Practices and Knowledge among Small-Scale Local Rice Growers and Communities in Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 28, 2019): 4770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234770.
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Background: Agriculture contributes a third of Rwanda’s GDP and is the main source of income for rural households, with 80% of the total population involved in crop and/or livestock production. The Government of Rwanda established the Muvumba rice project in 2011 amidst a policy shift towards rice as a national staple crop. However, the indiscriminate use of pesticides by local, low-income rice growers has raised concerns about potential human, animal and ecosystem health impacts as pesticide distribution and application are not strictly regulated. Although pesticide use can directly influence farmer health and ecosystems, little is known about small-scale farmers’ pesticide application practices and knowledge. We aimed to assess local application practices and understanding of pesticides to identify gaps in farmers’ knowledge on safe pesticide use and deviations from established standards and recommended practices. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of observations of pesticide practices and interviews with 206 small-scale rice growers in Nyagatare District, Rwanda, in March 2017. Descriptive statistical analyses (sample means, standard deviation and range) were performed, and we evaluated the association between farmers’ personal protective equipment (PPE) use and their education level and literacy status. Results: Over 95% of observed farmers did not comply with minimum standards for safe pesticide use, and 80% of respondents reported that they stored pesticides in their homes without personal protection measures. Education and literacy level were not significantly associated with PPE use. Additionally, 90% of respondents had experienced adverse health effects after using pesticides including intense headache, dizziness, stomach cramps, skin pain and itching, and respiratory distress. All respondents also reported animals in and around the rice scheme (cattle, birds, and fish) behaving abnormally or with signs consistent with pesticide exposure in the six months preceding the study, which may be linked to pesticide-contaminated water. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates potential for high exposure to pesticides for farmers, their families, and animals sharing rice-growing or downstream environments and points to the need for training on safe and effective pesticide use.
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Jiang, Ling, Li Li, and Lisa Lommel. "Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to pressure injury prevention: A large‐scale cross‐sectional survey in mainland China." Journal of Clinical Nursing 29, no. 17-18 (July 14, 2020): 3311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15358.
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Kejriwal, Mayank. "Knowledge Graphs: A Practical Review of the Research Landscape." Information 13, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13040161.
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Knowledge graphs (KGs) have rapidly emerged as an important area in AI over the last ten years. Building on a storied tradition of graphs in the AI community, a KG may be simply defined as a directed, labeled, multi-relational graph with some form of semantics. In part, this has been fueled by increased publication of structured datasets on the Web, and well-publicized successes of large-scale projects such as the Google Knowledge Graph and the Amazon Product Graph. However, another factor that is less discussed, but which has been equally instrumental in the success of KGs, is the cross-disciplinary nature of academic KG research. Arguably, because of the diversity of this research, a synthesis of how different KG research strands all tie together could serve a useful role in enabling more ‘moonshot’ research and large-scale collaborations. This review of the KG research landscape attempts to provide such a synthesis by first showing what the major strands of research are, and how those strands map to different communities, such as Natural Language Processing, Databases and Semantic Web. A unified framework is suggested in which to view the distinct, but overlapping, foci of KG research within these communities.
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Marques, Fernanda Machado Fonseca Ramalho, Jefferson Lopes La Falce, Juliano Martins Ramalho Marques, and Cristiana Fernandes De Muylder. "The relationship between stress and maturity in knowledge management." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 5 (November 4, 2019): 1504–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-06-2018-1461.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the relationships among organizational stress, disengagement from knowledge sharing and knowledge management maturity in a public institution of higher education in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive and quantitative means were used; in particular, a questionnaire developed by Batista (2012), the Instrument for Knowledge Management Assessment in the Brazilian Public Administration, a scale developed by Ford and Staples (2008) to measure the disengagement from knowledge sharing and the Occupational Stress Scale, developed by Paschoal and Tamayo (2004) were used to collect data. A multivariate analysis was performed, including the use of structural equation modeling to relate the constructs to each other. Findings A positive significance was found in the relationships between organizational stress and disengagement from knowledge sharing and between stress and maturity in knowledge management. This finding supports the suggestion of Ford et al. (2015) that health, a key indicator, is directly related to disengagement from knowledge sharing. Research limitations/implications This study adopted a cross-sectional design, so a longitudinal or experimental research may discover other insights. Originality/value These results will be interesting to managers because stress management initiatives can help guide or identify opportunities to improve maturity in knowledge management and knowledge sharing.
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Moreira, Fernanda Gonçalves, Dartiu Xavier da Silveira, and Sérgio Baxter Andreoli. "Knowledge and attitudes related to drug abuse and prevention displayed by public school educators." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 31, no. 2 (June 2009): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462009000200003.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the connection between knowledge about and the attitudes towards drug abuse by students displayed by public school educators in Brazil. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, with probabilistic sampling encompassing 20% of the municipal elementary schools located in the city of São Paulo from which educators were enrolled to answer three questionnaires: 1) professional and personal data; 2) assessment of their attitudes in drug abuse situations; 3) assessment of their knowledge on drug abuse. RESULTS: Considering possible values between -17 and +21, professionals scored 11.5 ± 3.8 in the Attitudes scale. These values correspond to more empathic attitudes. Scores in the Knowledge on Drugs Scale were 55.2 ± 12.5 (possible values: 0 to 100). Correlation between the Attitudes Scale and the time spent working as education professionals was -0.288 (p < 0.01). The difference in the means in the Attitude Scale according to professional academic qualifications was statistically significant (-1.93, t = 2.26; gl = 80; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge about drugs displayed by educators was average and not influenced by the professional's academic qualifications. In contrast, their attitudes were predominantly empathic and directly associated to their academic qualifications and inversely associated to the amount of time they had spent in that position.