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Journal articles on the topic 'Cross-linked; Polymer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Louwet, Frank, Ronny De Clercq, Johan Geudens, and Walter De Winter. "Cross-linked homodisperse polymer particles." Designed Monomers and Polymers 1, no. 4 (January 1998): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855598x00251.

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2

Ding, Lei, Hui Gao, Feifei Xie, Wenqing Li, Hua Bai, and Lei Li. "Porosity-Enhanced Polymers from Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymer Precursors." Macromolecules 50, no. 3 (January 24, 2017): 956–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02715.

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3

Morfopoulou, Christina I., Aikaterini K. Andreopoulou, and Joannis K. Kallitsis. "Cross-Linked High Temperature Polymer Electrolytes." Macromolecular Symposia 331-332, no. 1 (October 2013): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201300067.

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4

Andrieu, X., T. Vicedo, and C. Fringant. "Plasticization of cross-linked polymer electrolytes." Journal of Power Sources 54, no. 2 (April 1995): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(94)02131-l.

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5

Lysenkov, E. A. "Structure-property relationships in polymer nanocomposites based on cross-linked polyurethanes and carbon nanotubes." Functional materials 22, no. 3 (October 1, 2015): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm22.03.342.

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6

Seo, Myungeun, Soobin Kim, Jaehoon Oh, Sun-Jung Kim, and Marc A. Hillmyer. "Hierarchically Porous Polymers from Hyper-cross-linked Block Polymer Precursors." Journal of the American Chemical Society 137, no. 2 (January 7, 2015): 600–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja511581w.

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7

KASKHEDIKAR, N., M. BURJANADZE, Y. KARATAS, and H. WIEMHOFER. "Polymer electrolytes based on cross-linked cyclotriphosphazenes." Solid State Ionics 177, no. 35-36 (November 30, 2006): 3129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2006.08.022.

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8

JCE staff. "What's Gluep? Characterizing a Cross-Linked Polymer." Journal of Chemical Education 75, no. 11 (November 1998): 1432A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed075p1432a.

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9

Snedden, Peter, Andrew I. Cooper, Keith Scott, and Neil Winterton. "Cross-Linked Polymer−Ionic Liquid Composite Materials." Macromolecules 36, no. 12 (June 2003): 4549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma021710n.

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10

Klopper, A. V., Carsten Svaneborg, and Ralf Everaers. "Microphase separation in cross-linked polymer blends." European Physical Journal E 28, no. 1 (January 2009): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2008-10420-6.

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11

Massunaga, M. S. O., M. Paniconi, and Y. Oono. "Phenomenological model for cross-linked polymer blends." Physical Review E 56, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.56.723.

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12

Bronich, Tatiana K., Paul A. Keifer, Luda S. Shlyakhtenko, and Alexander V. Kabanov. "Polymer Micelle with Cross-Linked Ionic Core." Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 23 (June 2005): 8236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja043042m.

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13

Loveless, David M., Nehal I. Abu-Lail, Marian Kaholek, Stefan Zauscher, and Stephen L. Craig. "Reversibly Cross-Linked Surface-Grafted Polymer Brushes." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 45, no. 46 (November 27, 2006): 7812–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200602508.

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14

Loveless, David M., Nehal I. Abu-Lail, Marian Kaholek, Stefan Zauscher, and Stephen L. Craig. "Reversibly Cross-Linked Surface-Grafted Polymer Brushes." Angewandte Chemie 118, no. 46 (November 27, 2006): 7976–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200602508.

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15

Lapp, A., T. Csiba, B. Farago, and M. Daoud. "Local dynamics of cross-linked polymer chains." Journal de Physique II 2, no. 8 (August 1992): 1495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp2:1992216.

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16

Osman, Bilgen, and Tuğba Gün Aydemir. "Superhydrophobic surface based on cross-linked polymer." Materials Research Express 6, no. 5 (February 6, 2019): 055008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab0161.

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17

Duering, Edgardo R., Kurt Kremer, and Gary S. Grest. "Relaxation of randomly cross-linked polymer melts." Physical Review Letters 67, no. 25 (December 16, 1991): 3531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.3531.

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18

Park, Jongmin, Stefan J. D. Smith, Colin D. Wood, Xavier Mulet, and Myungeun Seo. "Core hyper-cross-linked star polymers from block polymer micelle precursors." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 45 (2020): 7178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01225d.

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19

Askadskii, Andrey A., Sergey V. Matseevich, and Tat’yana A. Matseevich. "Selection of structural elements of cross-linked polymers used in construction." Vestnik MGSU, no. 3 (March 2021): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.3.347-359.

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Introduction. For the first time, a model and a principle for constructing an appropriate computer program for the selection of polymer networks with a given interval of a number of physical characteristics are proposed. These characteristics include density, the temperature of the onset of intense thermal degradation, thermal conductivity, water permeability, and the stress-optical coefficient. As an example, 16 smallest base fragments are given, which, when attached to each other, allow the selection of structural fragments of repeating fragments of polymers of the following classes: polyolefins, vinyl polymers, polystyrene, polyamides, polyethers and polyesters, polycarbonates, polyetherketones, polyimides, polysulfides, polysulfones, silicone polymers, polyurethanes, cellulose derivatives, methacrylic polymers, etc. The purpose of the study is to develop a model for writing a computer program that allows the selection of structural fragments of network polymers possessing specified intervals of physical characteristics. For polymers used in the construction industry, the most important are the glass transition temperature, the stress-optical coefficient, density, water permeability, and thermal conductivity. Materials and methods. A repeating fragment of the network is selected from the smallest basic fragments, which are connected to each other using a control matrix of interactions. The matrix contains labels that allow you to control the interaction of carbon with three carbon atoms, with a carbon atom and two nitrogen atoms, with two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, with two carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom, with four carbon atoms. There are also labels that control the interaction of carbon atoms included in the aromatic cycles with two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, with four carbon atoms, with four nitrogen atoms, with two carbon atoms and one sulfur atom, and three oxygen atoms. This makes it possible to select a huge amount of cross-linked polymer. Results. As an example, the possible chemical structure of 14 cross-linked nodes of the polymer network is presented and the corresponding calculations are carried out, showing the adequacy of the model and the principle of constructing a computer program. The structures of the five cross-linked nodes of polymer network were used and the following physical characteristics of the resulting networks were calculated: density, the temperature of the onset of intense thermal degradation, water permeability, thermal conductivity, and the stress-optical coefficient. All these characteristics are important for the manufacture of building materials. Conclusions. The results of the work allow us to write a real computer program for the selection of repeating fragments of polymer networks that have a given interval of a number of important physical characteristics of network polymers. Among these characteristics are not only those listed above, but also other characteristics, such as glass transition temperature, Hildebrand solubility parameter, surface energy, heat capacity, intermolecular interaction energy, permittivity, etc.

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20

Milošević, M., N. Pejić, Ž. Čupić, S. Anić, and Lj Kolar-Anić. "Examinations of Cross-Linked Polyvinylpyridine in Open Reactor." Materials Science Forum 494 (September 2005): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.494.369.

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Macroporous cross-linked copolymer of 4-vinylpyridine and 25% (4:1) divinylbenzene is analyzed under open conditions, that is in a continuous well-stirred tank reactor (CSTR). With this aim the appropriate bifurcation diagram is found and the behavior of the system with and without polymer in the vicinity of the bifurcation point is used for the polymer examinations. Two different granulations of polymer are considered. Moreover, some physicochemical characteristics of the polymer, such as specific surface area, skeletal and particle density, are determined.

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21

Ovsík, Martin, Michal Staněk, Adam Dočkal, and Petr Fluxa. "LOCAL NANO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CROSS-LINKED POLYBUTYLENE." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 27 (June 11, 2020): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2020.27.0112.

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Cross-linking is a process in which polymer chains are associated through chemical bonds. The cross-linking level can be adjusted by the irradiation dosage and often by means of a cross-linking booster. The polymer additional cross-linking influences the surface nano and micro layers in the way comparable to metals during the thermal and chemical-thermal treatments. Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) can be found in a group of structural polymers, which are often used in industry, especially in automotive. Applying the technology of electron radiation induces a creation of 3D network structure, which improves the local mechanical properties. These were later measured by a depth sensing indentation (DSI) test. This state of the art method is based on immediate detection of indentation depth in relation to applied force. The creation of 3D network caused an increase in nano-mechanical properties values, such as indentation hardness and indentation modulus, in comparison to the virgin material. The indentation hardness rose by 80%, while the indentation modulus elevated by 62%. The selected structural materials, e.g. PBT, were modified by the electron irradiation in a positive way and as such could be moved to a group of high performance materials.

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22

Koyama, Yasuhito, Takahiro Yoshii, Yasuhiro Kohsaka, and Toshikazu Takata. "Photodegradable cross-linked polymer derived from a vinylic rotaxane cross-linker possessing aromatic disulfide axle." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 4 (January 12, 2013): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-08-14.

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A new concept for photodegradable cross-linked polymers utilizing characteristics of rotaxane cross-links and aromatic disulfides is proposed. The cross-linked polymer is obtained by the radical polymerization of a vinyl monomer in the presence of a [3]rotaxane-type cross-linker having two radically polymerizable groups. The [3]rotaxane-type cross-linker was prepared in 93 % yield by the typical rotaxane-forming reaction using a dumbbell-shaped aromatic disulfide possessing a bis(ammonium salt) moiety and a crown ether wheel tethered by a hydroxymethyl group (96 %) and the subsequent vinyl group-endowment (80 %). The radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of the cross-linker (0.1 mol %) at 60 °C afforded solvent-insoluble polymer in 90 % yield. When the polymer was swollen to a gel in dimethylformamide (DMF) and a small part of the gel was UV-irradiated, the gel was promptly solubilized, probably via the photochemical scission of the S–S linkage of the interlocked aromatic disulfide, causing the efficient decomposition of the rotaxane cross-links. The recovered poly(methyl methacrylate) bearing a small amount of crown ether moiety has a molecular weight of Mn 170 kg/mol (Mw/Mn 2.1) that indicated the occurrence of the site-selective photodegradation.

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23

Munoz, Gérald, Alain Dequidt, Nicolas Martzel, Ronald Blaak, Florent Goujon, Julien Devémy, Sébastien Garruchet, Benoit Latour, Etienne Munch, and Patrice Malfreyt. "Heterogeneity Effects in Highly Cross-Linked Polymer Networks." Polymers 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2021): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050757.

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Despite their level of refinement, micro-mechanical, stretch-based and invariant-based models, still fail to capture and describe all aspects of the mechanical properties of polymer networks for which they were developed. This is for an important part caused by the way the microscopic inhomogeneities are treated. The Elastic Network Model (ENM) approach of reintroducing the spatial resolution by considering the network at the level of its topological constraints, is able to predict the macroscopic properties of polymer networks up to the point of failure. We here demonstrate the ability of ENM to highlight the effects of topology and structure on the mechanical properties of polymer networks for which the heterogeneity is characterised by spatial and topological order parameters. We quantify the macro- and microscopic effects on forces and stress caused by introducing and increasing the heterogeneity of the network. We find that significant differences in the mechanical responses arise between networks with a similar topology but different spatial structure at the time of the reticulation, whereas the dispersion of the cross-link valency has a negligible impact.

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24

Demir, Baris, and Tiffany R. Walsh. "A robust and reproducible procedure for cross-linking thermoset polymers using molecular simulation." Soft Matter 12, no. 8 (2016): 2453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02788h.

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Our reliable and reproducible cross-linking procedure ranges from careful equilibration of the liquid polymer precursor to calculating the thermo-mechanical properties of the cross-linked polymer. Our approach can be used to cure not only pure thermoset polymers, but also thermoset-based composite materials.

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25

Peng, Huisheng, Xuemei Sun, Peng Zhao, and Daoyong Chen. "Core-cross-linked polymer micelles via living polymerizations." Materials Science and Engineering: C 29, no. 3 (April 2009): 746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2009.02.018.

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26

Itou, Nobuyuki, Tooru Masukawa, Ichirou Ozaki, Masayuki Hattori, and Kiyoshi Kasai. "Cross-linked hollow polymer particles by emulsion polymerization." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 153, no. 1-3 (August 1999): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(98)00451-8.

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27

Chen, Yulong, Rui Ma, Xin Qian, Ruoyu Zhang, Xifu Huang, Haohao Xu, Mi Zhou, and Jun Liu. "Nanoparticle Mobility within Permanently Cross-Linked Polymer Networks." Macromolecules 53, no. 11 (May 29, 2020): 4172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00334.

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28

Bozano, Luisa D., Kenneth R. Carter, Victor Y. Lee, Robert D. Miller, Richard DiPietro, and J. Campbell Scott. "Electroluminescent devices based on cross-linked polymer blends." Journal of Applied Physics 94, no. 5 (September 2003): 3061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1599625.

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29

Bettachy, A., A. Derouiche, M. Benhamou, and M. Daoud. "Phase separation of weakly cross-linked polymer blends." Journal de Physique I 1, no. 2 (February 1991): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp1:1991121.

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30

He, Guang S., Kie-Soo Kim, Lixiang Yuan, Ning Cheng, and Paras N. Prasad. "Two-photon pumped partially cross-linked polymer laser." Applied Physics Letters 71, no. 12 (September 22, 1997): 1619–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119996.

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31

Aramaki, Shinji, Yuko Okamoto, and Tetsuo Murayama. "Cross-Linked Poled Polymer: Poling and Thermal Stability." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 33, Part 1, No. 10 (October 15, 1994): 5759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.33.5759.

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32

Krasznai, Daniel J., Timothy F. L. McKenna, Michael F. Cunningham, Pascale Champagne, and Niels M. B. Smeets. "Polysaccharide-stabilized core cross-linked polymer micelle analogues." Polymer Chemistry 3, no. 4 (2012): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2py00601d.

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33

Mamun, Chowdhury K. "Spatial Modulation in Cross-Linked Binary Polymer Blends." Langmuir 21, no. 17 (August 2005): 7921–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la051291y.

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34

Meador, Mary Ann B., Stephanie L. Vivod, Linda McCorkle, Derek Quade, Roy M. Sullivan, Louis J. Ghosn, Nicholas Clark, and Lynn A. Capadona. "Reinforcing polymer cross-linked aerogels with carbon nanofibers." Journal of Materials Chemistry 18, no. 16 (2008): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b800602d.

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35

Hino, Osamu. "Molecular modelling of real cross-linked polymer materials." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2017.30 (2017): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2017.30.215.

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36

Choudhury, N. A., A. K. Shukla, S. Sampath, and S. Pitchumani. "Cross-Linked Polymer Hydrogel Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitors." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 153, no. 3 (2006): A614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2164810.

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37

Bettachy, Amina, Abdelali Derouiche, Mabrouk Benhamou, Mustapha Benmouna, Thomas A. Vilgis, and Mohamed Daoud. "Scattered intensity by a cross-linked polymer blend." Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 4, no. 1 (January 1995): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.1995.040040104.

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38

Zhou, Zhang-Lin, Xia Sheng, K. Nauka, Lihua Zhao, Gary Gibson, Sity Lam, Chung Ching Yang, James Brug, and Rich Elder. "Multilayer structured polymer light emitting diodes with cross-linked polymer matrices." Applied Physics Letters 96, no. 1 (January 4, 2010): 013504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3284649.

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39

Sakakibara, Takahiro, Mitsuru Kitamura, Takumi Honma, Hiromi Kohno, Takahiro Uno, Masataka Kubo, Nobuyuki Imanishi, Yasuo Takeda, and Takahito Itoh. "Cross-linked polymer electrolyte and its application to lithium polymer battery." Electrochimica Acta 296 (February 2019): 1018–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.155.

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40

R. Priyanka and R. Senthil Prabhu. "Carbopol 71G-NF polymer –The next pillar of oral solid dosage form." Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 010–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2020.1.1.0018.

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For pharmaceutical Oral Solid Dosage Form (OSDF) there are lots of excipients used and these excipients influence the drug release. In the recent decades there has been considerable interest in using carbopol polymers as excipients in a distinctive range of pharmaceutical application. Carbopol polymers are high molecular weight, cross linked, acrylic, acid-based polymers. Carbopol homopolymers are polymers of acrylic acid cross linked with ally sucrose or allylPentaerythritol. These polymers are offered as fluffy, white, dry powders. The carboxyl groups provided by the acrylic acid backbone of the polymer are responsible for many of the product benefits. This review work aims at guesstimate the characteristic of Carbopol 71G-NF polymer to be used as excipients in oral solid dosage form (OSDF).

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41

Paul, Geeta Kheter, Jeremiah Mwaura, Avni A. Argun, Prasad Taranekar, and John R. Reynolds. "Cross-Linked Hyperbranched Arylamine Polymers as Hole-Transporting Materials for Polymer LEDs." Macromolecules 39, no. 23 (November 2006): 7789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma060808p.

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42

Liu, Na, Rui-Wen Sun, Hao-Jun Lu, Xue-Liang Li, Chun-Hua Liu, and Zong-Quan Wu. "Synthesis and chiroptical properties of helical polystyrenes stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 45 (2017): 7069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01633f.

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43

Cohen, I., CT Lim, DR Kahn, T. Glaser, JM Gerrard, and JG White. "Disulfide-linked and transglutaminase-catalyzed protein assemblies in platelets." Blood 66, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v66.1.143.143.

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Abstract Energy depletion induces the formation of disulfide-linked and transglutaminase-catalyzed protein assemblies in platelets. The disulfide type polymers, formed following incubation at 37 degrees C in the absence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generating precursors, are composed of cytoskeletal proteins and are associated with a decrease of reduced glutathione levels accompanying ATP depletion. The maintenance of ATP and reduced glutathione levels to, respectively, 34% and 47% of their original values is sufficient to prevent the formation of both polymer types. The transglutaminase-type cross-links are formed in the presence of calcium in either “energy-depleted” or thrombin stimulated platelets. 125I-surface-labeled membrane proteins, presumably transmembrane proteins, are incorporated into the transglutaminase- catalyzed cross-linked polymer of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Glycoproteins IIb and IIIa are not essential to the polymer formation, since thrombasthenic platelets treated with thrombin exhibit the same type of labeled polymer. The transglutaminase-catalyzed polymer formation following thrombin stimulation of platelets is inhibited by a calcium channel blocker, an intracellular calcium antagonist, as well as other inhibitors such as indomethacin, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and prostaglandin E1. Although the evidence points to the formation of transglutaminase-catalyzed cross-linking in the cytoplasmic compartment, additional cross-linking of extruded components cannot be excluded.

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44

Cohen, I., CT Lim, DR Kahn, T. Glaser, JM Gerrard, and JG White. "Disulfide-linked and transglutaminase-catalyzed protein assemblies in platelets." Blood 66, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v66.1.143.bloodjournal661143.

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Energy depletion induces the formation of disulfide-linked and transglutaminase-catalyzed protein assemblies in platelets. The disulfide type polymers, formed following incubation at 37 degrees C in the absence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generating precursors, are composed of cytoskeletal proteins and are associated with a decrease of reduced glutathione levels accompanying ATP depletion. The maintenance of ATP and reduced glutathione levels to, respectively, 34% and 47% of their original values is sufficient to prevent the formation of both polymer types. The transglutaminase-type cross-links are formed in the presence of calcium in either “energy-depleted” or thrombin stimulated platelets. 125I-surface-labeled membrane proteins, presumably transmembrane proteins, are incorporated into the transglutaminase- catalyzed cross-linked polymer of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Glycoproteins IIb and IIIa are not essential to the polymer formation, since thrombasthenic platelets treated with thrombin exhibit the same type of labeled polymer. The transglutaminase-catalyzed polymer formation following thrombin stimulation of platelets is inhibited by a calcium channel blocker, an intracellular calcium antagonist, as well as other inhibitors such as indomethacin, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and prostaglandin E1. Although the evidence points to the formation of transglutaminase-catalyzed cross-linking in the cytoplasmic compartment, additional cross-linking of extruded components cannot be excluded.

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45

Lapresta-Fernández, Alejandro, José Manuel García-García, Rodrigo París, Rafael Huertas-Roa, Alfonso Salinas-Castillo, Sabrina Anderson de la Llana, José Fernando Huertas-Pérez, Nekane Guarrotxena, Luis Fermín Capitán-Vallvey, and Isabel Quijada-Garrido. "Thermoresponsive Gold Polymer Nanohybrids with a Tunable Cross-Linked MEO2MA Polymer Shell." Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 31, no. 11 (July 10, 2014): 1183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201400078.

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46

Yu, Cong, Kamyar Malakpoor, and Jacques M. Huyghe. "A three-dimensional transient mixed hybrid finite element model for superabsorbent polymers with strain-dependent permeability." Soft Matter 14, no. 19 (2018): 3834–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01587a.

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47

McGrath, James J., Laquetta Purkiss, Mildred Christian, N. H. Proctor, and W. R. McGrath. "Teratology Study of a Cross-Linked Polyacrylate Superabsorbent Polymer." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 12, no. 2 (March 1993): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819309140631.

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The developmental toxicity (embryo-fetal toxicity/teratogenicity) of FAVOR SAB-922 SK, cross-linked polyacrylate superabsorbent (PAS), administered as an inhaled dust in concentrations of 0.3, 1.0, and 10.0 mg/m3 for 6 h/day from day 6 through day 15 of gestation was investigated in time-mated Sprague-Dawley rats. On day 20 of presumed gestation, the rats were asphyxiated with carbon dioxide, necropsied, and examined for pregnancy. Gravid uteri were examined for the number and status of implants, early and late resorptions, live and dead fetuses, and the number of corpora lutea in each ovary. Fetuses were weighed, sexed, and examined for external, soft tissue, and skeletal alterations. There were 315, 297, 299, and 286 liveborn fetuses from 25, 25, 23, and 24 litters in the four respective groups. Fetal processing and evaluations were conducted in compliance with FDA “Good Laboratory Practice Regulations; Final Rule.” The results indicate that breathing PAS in concentrations as high as 10 mg/m3 did not cause statistically significant or biologically important differences in dam body weight, caesarean-sectioning or litter data or the incidences of gross external, soft tissue or skeletal alterations, as compared with the control group values. No alterations believed to be related to PAS occurred in the fetuses of dams exposed to PAS at incidences that exceeded the ranges reported historically. Based on these data, both the developmental and maternal no-observable-effect-levels (NOEL) were greater than the dosage inhaled by rats exposed to the 10 mg/m3 concentration of respirable particulate PAS.

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48

Li, Feng, Laura H. J. de Haan, Antonius T. M. Marcelis, Frans A. M. Leermakers, Martien A. Cohen Stuart, and Ernst J. R. Sudhölter. "Pluronic polymersomes stabilized by core cross-linked polymer micelles." Soft Matter 5, no. 20 (2009): 4042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b903656c.

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Hirano, Keisuke, Motoyuki Iijima, and Hidehiro Kamiya. "Novel Type of Nanoparticle Cross-linked Silicone Polymer Film." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 55, no. 1 (2018): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.55.29.

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Yang, Bing Xue, Qing Yu Ma, and Jian Quan Li. "Synthesis Photosical Properties of Silicon-Containing Cross-Linked Polymer." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.446.

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Abstract:

Organic light-emitting materials in Organic Light-emitting Diodes(OLED) reserch in a very important posotion, the quality of materials directly affect the level of luminous efficiency of the device. We chose benzene 2,6-alkynyl, respectively, and tetrakis (4-bromophenyl) silane, tetrakis (3-bromophenyl) silane synthesis of new cross-linked polymer, the structure was characterized by solid NMR, by fluorescence chromatography UV crosslinking compound characterization of chromatographic performance in photophysical aspects may choose to add a new organic light-emitting material.

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