Journal articles: 'Cross-Layer Design PHY/MAC'

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Kim, Dongmyoung, Youngkyu Choi, Sunggeun Jin, Kwanghun Han, and Sunghyun Choi. "A MAC/PHY cross-layer design for efficient ARQ protocols." IEEE Communications Letters 12, no. 12 (December 2008): 909–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2008.081259.

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Saeed, Rashid A., Sabira Khatun, Borhanuddin Mohd Ali, and Khazani Abdullah. "A joint PHY/MAC cross-layer design for UWB under power control." Computers & Electrical Engineering 36, no. 3 (May 2010): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2009.11.003.

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Beluch, Thomas, Daniela Dragomirescu, and Robert Plana. "A sub-nanosecond Synchronized MAC – PHY cross-layer design for Wireless Sensor Networks." Ad Hoc Networks 11, no. 3 (May 2013): 833–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2012.09.010.

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Sum, Chin-Sean, Gabriel Porto Villardi, Zhou Lan, Chen Sun, Yohannes Alemseged, Ha Nguyen Tran, Junyi Wang, and Hiroshi Harada. "Enabling Technologies for a Practical Wireless Communication System Operating in TV White Space." ISRN Communications and Networking 2011 (June 28, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/147089.

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This paper proposes the design of enabling technologies for practical wireless communication systems operating in the TV white space (TVWS). The main objective of this paper is to cover a macro perspective on the system design blocks including: (a) targeted use case applications and governing regulations, (b) channelization, physical (PHY) layer and medium access control (MAC) layer designs, and (c) achievable throughput and range. It is the intention of this paper to serve as a general guideline for designing wireless communication systems operating in TVWS. The core system design addresses both PHY and MAC layer issues with realistic system considerations. In the PHY layer, a channelization design that fits into the area-specific TV channels and a transceiver that enables data exchange in the TV bands are designed. In the MAC layer, a cognitive engine that manages access to vacant TV channels and MAC functionalities that facilitate effective medium access are also proposed. As a result, the system is capable of supporting up to a typical throughput of 80 Mbps, and a maximum number of 40 users, assuming all users performing the most bandwidth-hungry application in the use case scenario. The corresponding operating range is found reach up to 400 m.

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Casari, P., M. Levorato, and M. Zorzi. "MAC/PHY Cross-Layer Design of MIMO Ad Hoc Networks with Layered Multiuser Detection." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 7, no. 11 (November 2008): 4596–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/t-wc.2008.070600.

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Kim, Dong Min, and Seong-Lyun Kim. "CSNOMA: Carrier Sense Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 5024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185024.

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In this paper, we investigate the possibility of the cross-layer design of a distributed random access scheme with considering physical (PHY) and multiple access control (MAC) layers, which utilizes the interference cancellation technique. In this regard, we propose a new multiple access protocol, named carrier sense non-orthogonal multiple access (CSNOMA). We consider the spatially randomly distributed interferers to realistically capture the effect of interference. The proposed protocol shows better area spectral efficiency than carrier sense multiple access (CSMA), as the node density increases. We also present a practical signaling design compatible with IEEE 802.11 DCF mode.

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Wang, Hua Hua, Chao Bo Duan, and Shu Yao Guo. "Design of TD-LTE PHY and MAC Layer in the Interactive System Primitives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.901.

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Aiming at the complex and non-real-time in information exchange between the LTE PHY and MAC layer. Proposing a primitives interactive system solution which is based EMIF and The high-speed Ethernet interface.The management control information and the data information are sent separately by the EMIF and The EMAC interface,meeting the real-time needs of the project.The information is more accurate,efficient and better than using a single interface in this system for practice.

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M. Faisal, Ghadah, Hasanain Abdalridha Abed Alshadoodee, Haider Hadi Abbas, Hassan Muwafaq Gheni, and Israa Al-Barazanchi. "Integrating security and privacy in mmWave communications." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 2856–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i5.4314.

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The aim of this paper is to integrate security and privacy in mmWave communications. MmWave communication mechanism access three major key components of secure communication (SC) operations. proposed design for mmWave communication facilitates the detection of the primary signal in physical (PHY) layer to find the spectrum throughput for primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU). The throughput of SC for PU with maximum throughput being recorded at 0.7934 while maximum throughput for SU is recorded at 0.7679. So, we will design a mmWave communication mechanism for solving this problem. The probability for sensing where the probability of detection (PD) is predicted at a defined range of 690 km with an estimated accuracy of 83.56% while the probability of false alarm (PFA) is predicted at a defined range of 230 km with an estimated accuracy of 81.39%. This conflicting but interrelated issue is investigated over three stages for the purpose of solving with a cross-layer model with MAC and PHY layers for a secure communication network (SCN) while reducing the collision effect concurrently with a 92.76% for both cross-layers. MATLAB 2019b would be forwarded in use as the increasing demand for augmenting the bandwidth in secure communications has actuated the evolutionary technology.

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Ullah, Fasee, Abdul Hanan Abdullah, Muhammad Qasim Jan, and Kashif Naseer Qureshi. "Patient Data Prioritization in the Cross-Layer Designs of Wireless Body Area Network." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2015 (2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/516838.

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In Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), various biomedical sensors (BMSs) are deployed to monitor various vital signs of a patient for detecting the abnormality of the vital signs. These BMSs inform the medical staff in advance before the patient’s life goes into a threatening situation. In WBAN, routing layer has the same challenges as generally seen in WSN, but the unique requirements of WBANs need to be addressed by the novel routing mechanisms quite differently from the routing mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The slots allocation to emergency and nonemergency patient’s data is one of the challenging issues in IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6 MAC Superframe structures. In the similar way, IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6 PHY layers have also unique constraints to modulate the various vital signs of patient data into continuous and discrete forms. Numerous research contributions have been made for addressing these issues of the aforementioned three layers in WBAN. Therefore, this paper presents a cross-layer design structure of WBAN with various issues and challenges. Moreover, it also presents a detail review of the existing cross-layer protocols in the WBAN domain by discussing their strengths and weaknesses.

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Shi, Jia, Haris Pervaiz, Pei Xiao, Wei Liang, Zan Li, and Zhiguo Ding. "Resource Management in Future Millimeter Wave Small-Cell Networks: Joint PHY-MAC Layer Design." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 76910–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2920745.

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Triwinarko, Andy, Iyad Dayoub, Marie Zwingelstein-Colin, Mohamed Gharbi, and Basma Bouraoui. "A PHY/MAC cross-layer design with transmit antenna selection and power adaptation for receiver blocking problem in dense VANETs." Vehicular Communications 24 (August 2020): 100233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2020.100233.

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Liu, Zhuo Fu, Zhong Ming Luo, Xin Wang, Wei Jiang, and Ruo Chen Jia. "Design and Implementation of Supporting IEEE1588 Industrial Ethernet Switch." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 2586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.2586.

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Aiming at the reliability of real-time industrial Ethernet, the L2 Industrial Ethernet switch is designed using VSC7429. With the respect of real-time capacity, it is based on the IEEE1588 standard by adding logic modules between MAC £ ̈Medium Access Control£© layer and PHY £ ̈physical£© layer to process the clock stamp. It eliminates the delay and uncertainty of the protocol stack and provides the accurate synchronous clock. In terms of reliability, dual hot backup power supplies were applied. Owing to the harsh environment of the industrial field, the EMC (Electro Magnetic Compatibility) protection design was considered. The performance of the switch was tested including packet loss rate and bit error rate. Experimental results showed it met the requirement of industrial Ethernet standard.

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Bello, Hilal, Zeng Xiaoping, Rosdiadee Nordin, and Jian Xin. "Advances and Opportunities in Passive Wake-Up Radios with Wireless Energy Harvesting for the Internet of Things Applications." Sensors 19, no. 14 (July 12, 2019): 3078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143078.

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Wake-up radio is a promising approach to mitigate the problem of idle listening, which incurs additional power consumption for the Internet of Things (IoT) wireless transmission. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting technique allows the wake-up radio to remain in a deep sleep and only become active after receiving an external RF signal to ‘wake-up’ the radio, thus eliminating necessary hardware and signal processing to perform idle listening, resulting in higher energy efficiency. This review paper focuses on cross-layer; physical and media access control (PHY and MAC) approaches on passive wake-up radio based on the previous works from the literature. First, an explanation of the circuit design and system architecture of the passive wake-up radios is presented. Afterward, the previous works on RF energy harvesting techniques and the existing passive wake-up radio hardware architectures available in the literature are surveyed and classified. An evaluation of the various MAC protocols utilized for the novel passive wake-up radio technologies is presented. Finally, the paper highlights the potential research opportunities and practical challenges related to the practical implementation of wake-up technology for future IoT applications.

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Taesoo Kwon, Howon Lee, Sik Choi, Juyeop Kim, Dong-Ho Cho, Sunghyun Cho, Sangboh Yun, Won-Hyoung Park, and Kiho Kim. "Design and implementation of a simulator based on a cross-layer protocol between MAC and PHY layers in a WiBro Compatible.IEEE 802.16e OFDMA system." IEEE Communications Magazine 43, no. 12 (December 2005): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2005.1561931.

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Mwakwata, Collins Burton, Hassan Malik, Muhammad Mahtab Alam, Yannick Le Moullec, Sven Parand, and Shahid Mumtaz. "Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT): From Physical (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) Layers Perspectives." Sensors 19, no. 11 (June 8, 2019): 2613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112613.

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Narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) is a recent cellular radio access technology based on Long-Term Evolution (LTE) introduced by Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN). The main aim of NB-IoT is to support massive machine-type communication (mMTC) and enable low-power, low-cost, and low-data-rate communication. NB-IoT is based on LTE design with some changes to meet the mMTC requirements. For example, in the physical (PHY) layer only single-antenna and low-order modulations are supported, and in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layers only one physical resource block is allocated for resource scheduling. The aim of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of the design changes brought in the NB-IoT standardization along with the detailed research developments from the perspectives of Physical and MAC layers. The survey also includes an overview of Evolved Packet Core (EPC) changes to support the Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF) to manage both IP and non-IP data packets through Control Plane (CP) and User Plane (UP), the possible deployment scenarios of NB-IoT in future Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (HetNet). Finally, existing and emerging research challenges in this direction are presented to motivate future research activities.

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Yi, Tian. "OPNET Network Simulations Based on the Performance of WLAN IEEE802.11." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1651.

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This paper mainly focus on the modeling and simulating of WLAN (the wireless local area network) IEEE802.11. Based on the current research of IEEE 802.11 protocol and the most powerful network simulation tool OPNET, the paper introduces various behavior of WLAN and standards for WLAN. Research on CSMA / CA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance) and a simulation study of optimization algorithm to the binary backoff time are conducted, DCF(Distributed Coordination Function)-based access solutions are analyze. The simulation of MAC(media access control) and PHY(Physical Layer）functional design and algorithm theory have been carried out. It can be seen from the simulation result that the theory of optimal design reduces network latency and packet loss rate, and improve the system throughput, which has an important reference value for the future deployment of WLAN IEEE 802.11 standards.

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Hamamreh, Jehad M., and Huseyin Arslan. "Joint PHY/MAC Layer Security Design Using ARQ With MRC and Null-Space Independent PAPR-Aware Artificial Noise in SISO Systems." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 17, no. 9 (September 2018): 6190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2018.2855163.

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T, Dhanya. "An Impact of ZigBee Technology in Data Communication System." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i1.pp64-67.

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ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4 standard for information interchanges with business and purchaser gadgets. It is composed around low-control utilization permitting batteries to keep going forever. The ZigBee standard gives system, security, and application bolster administrations working on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) remote standard. It utilizes a suite of innovations to empower adaptable, self-arranging, self-mending systems that can oversee different information movement designs. ZigBee is an ease, low-control, remote lattice organizing standard. The ease permits the innovation to be broadly sent in remote control and observing applications, the low power-use permits longer an existence with little batteries, and the cross-section systems administration gives high dependability and bigger range.ZigBee has been created to take care of the developing demand for able remote systems administration between various low power. In industry ZigBee is being utilized for cutting-edge robotized assembling, with little transmitters in each gadget on the floor, taking into consideration correspondence between devices to a focal PC. This new level of communication allows finely-tuned remote observing and control.

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Park, Jaeyoung, and Jaekwon Kim. "APP-MAC-PHY Cross-Layer Video Streaming Technique over Wireless Channels." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 39A, no. 7 (July 31, 2014): 398–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2014.39a.7.398.

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Wang, Yu, Weijia Han, Xiao Ma, Qiuzhi Wang, and Fengsen Chen. "Cross-Layer Optimization-Based Asymmetric Medical Video Transmission in IoT Systems." Symmetry 14, no. 11 (November 19, 2022): 2455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14112455.

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At present, Internet of Things (IoT) networks are attracting much attention since they provide emerging opportunities and applications. In IoT networks, the asymmetric and symmetric studies on medical and biomedical video transmissions have become an interesting topic in both academic and industrial communities. Especially, the transmission process shows the characteristics of asymmetry: the symmetric video-encoding and -decoding processes become asymmetric (affected by modulation and demodulation) once a transmission error occurs. In such an asymmetric condition, the quality of service (QoS) of such video transmissions is impacted by many different factors across the physical (PHY-), medium access control (MAC-), and application (APP-) layers. To address this, we propose a cross-layer optimization-based strategy for asymmetric medical video transmission in IoT systems. The proposed strategy jointly utilizes the video-coding structure in the APP- layer, the power control and channel allocation in the MAC- layer, and the modulation and coding schemes in the PHY- layer. To obtain the optimum configuration efficiently, the proposed strategy is formulated and proofed by a quasi-convex problem. Consequently, the proposed strategy could not only outperform the classical algorithms in terms of resource utilization but also improve the video quality under the resource-limited network efficiently.

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ŞAHMARAN, Turan. "Evaluation the Shielding Properties of Various Water Equivalent Materials Using Different Calculation Methods and Monte Carlo." Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 13, no. 1 (March 12, 2024): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1331265.

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In this study, the linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), and mean free path (MFP) of various materials such as water equivalent, ABS, Presage, RMI457, RW3, SW557, Epoxy, A150, Rhizophora spp., and Nylon-12 have been calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation method, EpiXS, Phy-X/PSD, and XCOM. Additionally, the fast neutron effective removal cross sections (ΣR) have been calculated using the empirical calculation method, Phy-X/PSD, MRCsC program, experimental and MNCP5 with the help of fast neutron mass removal cross sections. Among all the materials studied, Nylon-12 has the highest ΣR value. The calculated values of HVL, MFP, LAC, and MAC reveal that RW3, Epoxy, and Presage are the best materials in terms of their shielding properties, respectively.

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Sharif, Atif, Vidyasagar M. Potdar, and A. J. D. Rathnayaka. "Dependency of Transport Functions on IEEE802.11 and IEEE802.15.4 MAC/PHY Layer Protocols for WSN." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 6, no. 3 (July 2010): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2010070101.

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In WSN transport, layer protocol plays a significant role in maintaining the node’s energy budget. To find out the dependency of Transport layer on MAC/PHY layer, the authors have extensively tested various transport protocols using IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY protocols for WSN. For IEEE802.11 and IEEE802.15.4 with RTS/CTS ON the TCP variants has shown >80% packet delivery ratio and 5-20% packet loss, while for UDP it is around >63% and 19.54-35.18% respectively. On average 1-3% additional energy is consumed for packet retransmissions in IEEE 802.11 with RTS/CTS OFF whereas significant energy efficiency is observed in IEEE802.15.4 case. For IEEE 802.11 with RTS/CTS ON high throughput, low packet drop rate and increased E-2-E delay is observed, while for IEEE 802.15.4 improved power efficiency and jitter behavior is observed. This has led the foundation for the future development of the cross-layered energy efficient transport protocol for WSN.

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Yang, Xin, Ling Wang, and Jian Xie. "Energy Efficient Cross-Layer Transmission Model for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1346416.

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The performance of mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSN) witnessed a significant improvement in recent years, such as throughput, transmission delay, and collision detection. However, MWSN still suffers from high energy consumption, since most of the sensors or users in MWSN are based on passive devices. In order to remedy this problem, in this paper we present a Cross-layer Energy Efficiency (CEE) model for MWSN. CEE is a cross-layer model which contains three layers. It utilizes nodes location information in network layer, medium access control (MAC) protocol in MAC layer (sublayer of data link layer), and full-duplex interfaces in physical (PHY) layer. The CEE model offers a number of advantages in regard to energy efficiency, throughput improvement, low delay, and power control compared to existing models. According to the performance evaluation, the proposed transmission model effectively reduces energy consumption and improves other transmission performances. Also, it has been proved that the proposed model can be used in practical MWSN as Internet of things (IoT).

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Mittag, Jens, Stylianos Papanastasiou, Hannes Hartenstein, and Erik G. Strom. "Enabling Accurate Cross-Layer PHY/MAC/NET Simulation Studies of Vehicular Communication Networks." Proceedings of the IEEE 99, no. 7 (July 2011): 1311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2010.2103291.

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Birur Viswanath, Shruti, Thippeswamy Muddenahalli Nagendrappa, and Krishna Rao Venkatesh. "JSMCRP: Cross-Layer Architecture based Joint-Synchronous MAC and Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 19, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2021191.240719.

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The exponential rise in wireless technologies and allied applications has revitalized academia-industries to develop more efficient and economic routing solution to meet Quality-of-Service (QoS) provision. Amongst the major wireless communication systems, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is the most sought technology for defense surveillance, healthcare monitoring, industrial monitoring and control, civic and strategic infrastructure surveillance etc. Additionally, the up surge in Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine to Machine (M2M) communication systems too have broadened the horizon for WSNs based communication. However, the parallel increase in communication environment, complex network conditions etc confine efficacy of the classical WSN protocols. Dynamic network and node conditions often force classical protocols to undergo pre-mature link outage, delayed transmission, energy exhaustion and eventual QoS violation. To address such issues enhancing Median Access Control (MAC) and allied routing decision can have vital significance. However major existing efforts either focus on MAC enhancement or routing optimization, even under static WSN topology. Considering it as motive in this paper a highly robust “Cross-layer architecture based Joint-Synchronous MAC and Routing Protocol for WSN communication (JSMCRP)” has been developed. Being cross layer model JSMCRP protocol employs Application Layer, Network Layer, MAC Layer and PHY Layer to perform Network Adaptive MAC scheduling and Dynamic Routing Decision. JSMCRP employs Data Traffic Assessment, Prioritization and Scheduling (DTAPS), Proactive Network Monitoring and Knowledge (PNMK), Dynamic Congestion Index Estimation (DCIE), Adaptive Link Quality, Packet Injection Rate and Cumulative Rank Sensitive Routing Decision (CRSRD) to perform routing decision. Additionally, exploiting dynamic network/node conditions it performs Cognitive MAC scheduling to ensure QoS centric communication over IEEE 802.15.4 protocol stack. JSMCRP exhibited higher PDR, lower PLR and low delay under varying network conditions, suitable for real-time communication over constrained mobile WSN conditions.

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Thanh Hiep, Pham, Chika Sugimoto, and Ryuji Kohno. "MAC-PHY Cross-Layer for High Channel Capacity of Multiple-Hop MIMO Relay System." Communications and Network 04, no. 02 (2012): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cn.2012.42017.

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Dang, Ngoc T., and Vuong V. Mai. "A PHY/MAC Cross-Layer Analysis for IEEE 802.15.7 Uplink Visible Local Area Network." IEEE Photonics Journal 11, no. 3 (June 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2019.2913456.

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Anju, Anju, Amit Kumar Bindal, Sukhwinder Kaur Bhatia, Pravin Narang, Ajay Kumar, and Mehak Saini. "Cross-Layer Optimization on Different Data Rates for Efficient Performance in Wireless Sensor Network." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 11s (October 10, 2023): 586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i11s.8293.

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The traditional protocols used in wireless sensor networks adhere to stringent layering approaches, which decreases the performance of the quality of service (Quality of Service) metrics. As per specifications 802.15.4, wireless sensor networks are inexpensive and energy efficient. It is essential for evaluating the performance of WSNs. Researchers have looked into the fundamental aspects of a single physical layer and the medium access control (MAC) layer protocol using methodologies calculated using several mathematical models or experimental approaches, respectively. In this research, we offer an improved cross-layer analytical model that utilises a thorough combining and interacting of a Markov chain model of the MAC layer's propagation with a model of the PHY layer's propagation. This combination and interaction are described in detail. Various Quality of Service (quality of service) statistics are presented and evaluated, and a cross-layer effectiveness degradation study is conducted under different inputs of multi-parameter vectors. Other parameters, such as Average Wait Time, Reliability, Failure Probability, and Throughput, have been estimated from the simulation results and contrasted with standardised models. The cross-layer model provides a more thorough performance study with various cross-layer parameter sets, some of which comprise distance, power transmission, and offered loads, among other things.

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R Shankar, Arathi, Raghavendra G, and V. Sambasiva Rao. "HARQ Implementation for Efficient MAC to MAC Video Streaming over Mobile WiMAX." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 1 (August 15, 2013): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v5i1.4489.

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IEEE 802.16e is the standard for Mobile WiMAX which was introduced by the IEEE committee to provide broadband access in rural and urban areas over fixed wireless channels. Mobile WiMAX is an enhanced version of IEEE 802.16 standard with mobility support. There are lots of challenges involved in the service provided by the Mobile WiMAX. Efficient data transfer between different layers of mobile WiMAX is one of the major research issues. In this work HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) technique is implemented in Qualnet environment for an efficient transmission of video streaming across PHY(Physical) and MAC(Medium Access Control) layer of mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access). HARQ utilizes both FEC (Forward Error Correction) an d ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) techniques to reduce the delay, jitter and to increase throughput efficiently under prescribed quality of service constraint. Different Scheduling schemes and cross layer approaches that support mobile WiMAX are analysed. mmSIR scheduler is used in this work since it allocates resources priority wise. Diffferent network quality parameters like end to end delay,average jitter,and average throughput have been analysed by using existing ARQ and implemented HARQ techniques.Both ARQ and HARQ techniques are compared for a video application.

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Arunachalam, Manikandan, and Balasubadra Kandasamy. "Cross-Layer Design for Downlink Scheduling Combined with Call Admission Control in Wireless Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3750380.

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Scheduling with admission control is proposed based on the integration of the parameters of physical layer and MAC layer called cross-layer design. To achieve the throughput, resource allocation is carried out based on the adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) in the physical layer and scheduling in MAC layer with rate adaptation. When link adaptation is applied, the total energy consumed will be reduced, which will lead to the optimization. Here the physical layer and MAC layer parameters are jointly analyzed to achieve the cross-layer integration for the proposed problem. Based on this cross-layer integration the packet delay and throughput of the multiuser system are analyzed. All the simulations were carried out in 3G simulation environment like Qualnet and Network Simulator and results were presented.

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Yang, Guo Yan, and Xin Guan. "An Enhanced Cross-Layer MAC Design for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 3038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.3038.

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In wireless sensor networks, the main research objective is the development of algorithms and protocols ensuring minimal energy consumption. Most proposed solutions are based on one-layer stack model approach. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient MAC protocol that applies routing and MAC layers jointly. In this new approach, the interactions between MAC and Routing layers are fully exploited to achieve energy efficiency for wireless sensor networks. In the proposed MAC protocol, we solve the forced wake-up problem in the adaptive S-MAC to reduce energy consumption of the nodes, by exploiting routing information to wake-up only nodes belonging to a routing path. Simulation results show that the proposed CL-MAC protocol significantly improves energy efficient compared to the adaptive S-MAC.

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Song, Yifei, Liang Zeng, Zeyu Liu, Zhe Song, Jie Zeng, and Jianping An. "Cross-Layer Optimization Spatial Multi-Channel Directional Neighbor Discovery with Random Reply in mmWave FANET." Electronics 11, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101566.

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MmWave FANETs play an increasingly important role in the development of UAVs technology. Fast neighbor discovery is a key bottleneck in mmWave FANETs. In this paper, we propose a two-way neighbor discovery algorithm based on a spatial multi-channel through cross-layer optimization. Firstly, we give two boundary conditions of the physical (PHY) layer and media access control (MAC) layer for successful link establishment of mmWave neighbor discovery and give the optimal pairing of antenna beamwidth in different stages and scenarios using cross-layer optimization. Then, a mmWave neighbor discovery algorithm based on a spatial multi-channel is proposed, which greatly reduces the convergence time by increasing the discovery probability of nodes in the network. Finally, a random reply algorithm is proposed based on dynamic reserved time slots. By adjusting the probability of reply and the number of reserved time slots, the neighbor discovery time can be further reduced when the number of nodes is larger. Simulations show that as the network scale is 100 to 500 nodes, the convergence time is 10 times higher than that of the single channel algorithm.

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El-Azouzi, Rachid, Essaid Sabir, Mohammed Raiss-El-Fenni, and Sujit Kumar Samanta. "A Unified NET-MAC-PHY Cross-layer Framework for Performance Evaluation of Multi-hop Ad hoc WLANs." ICST Transactions on Mobile Communications and Applications 1, no. 4 (September 24, 2014): e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/mca.1.4.e6.

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Hiep, Pham Thanh, and Ryuji Kohno. "Channel Capacity Delay Tradeoff for Two-Way Multiple-Hop MIMO Relay Systems with MAC–PHY Cross Layer." Wireless Personal Communications 80, no. 4 (October 11, 2014): 1635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-2104-5.

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Shi, Qiong, Cristina Comaniciu, Dandan Wang, and Ufuk Tureli. "Cross-layer MAC design for location-aware wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Communication Systems 24, no. 7 (December 22, 2010): 872–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.1195.

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Kochhar, Aarti, Pardeep Kaur, Preeti Singh, and Sukesha Sharma. "Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 1 (March 28, 2018): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2018.117417.

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This paper presents a survey on the MAC and network layer of Wireless Sensor Networks. Performance requirements of the MAC layer are explored. MAC layer protocols for battery-powered networks and energy harvesting-based networks are discussed and compared. A detailed discussion on design constraints and classification of routing protocols is presented. Several routing protocols are compared in terms of such parameters as: energy consumption, scalability, network lifetime and mobility. Problems that require future research are presented. The cross-layer approach for WSNs is also surveyed.

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Wu, Zhuofei, Stefania Bartoletti, Vincent Martinez, and Alessandro Bazzi. "A Methodology for Abstracting the Physical Layer of Direct V2X Communications Technologies." Sensors 22, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 9330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239330.

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Recent advancements in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications have greatly increased the flexibility of the physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layers. This increases the complexity when investigating the system from a network perspective to evaluate the performance of the supported applications. Such flexibility, in fact, needs to be taken into account through a cross-layer approach, which might lead to challenging evaluation processes. As an accurate simulation of the signals appears unfeasible, a typical solution is to rely on simple models for incorporating the PHY layer of the supported technologies based on off-line measurements or accurate link-level simulations. Such data are, however, limited to a subset of possible configurations, and extending them to others is costly when not even impossible. The goal of this paper is to develop a new approach for modeling the PHY layer of V2X communications that can be extended to a wide range of configurations without leading to extensive measurement or simulation campaigns at the link layer. In particular, given a scenario and starting from results in terms of the packet error rate (PER) vs. signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) related to a subset of possible configurations, we first approximated the curves with step functions characterized by a given SINR threshold, and we then derived one parameter, called implementation loss, that was used to obtain the SINR threshold and evaluate the network performance under any configuration in the same scenario. The proposed methodology, leading to a good trade-off among the complexity, generality, and accuracy of the performance evaluation process, was validated through extensive simulations with both IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2X sidelink technologies in various scenarios. The results first show that the curves can be effectively approximated by using an SINR threshold, with a value corresponding to 0.5 PER, and then demonstrate that the network-level outputs derived from the proposed approach are very close to those obtained with complete curves, despite not being restricted to a few possible configurations.

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Sarkar, Nurul I. "Design and Evaluation of a Cross-Layer Framework for Improving 802.11 Networks." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 9, no. 1 (January 2013): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2013010102.

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This paper reports on the design and evaluation of a class of cross-layer design (CLD) framework for improving the performance of 802.11-based wireless local area networks (WLANs). While various CLD approaches have been proposed for improving the performance of WLANs in recent years, the problem of efficient channel utilization, higher throughput, lower packet delay, and fairness has not been fully solved yet. To overcome the performance problems of 802.11, we propose a CLD framework which is based on a cross-layer medium access control (MAC) protocol called the channel-aware buffer unit multiple access (C-BUMA). In the framework, the radio propagation (i.e. physical layer) is combined with the MAC sub-layer to develop a robust cross-layer communication. By sharing channel information with the MAC protocol, the approach reduced unnecessary packet transmissions, and hence reduced bandwidth wastage and significantly improved the system performance. The proposed CLD method is evaluated by extensive simulation experiments. A comparison with 802.11 standards is provided. Results obtained show that the network achieves up to 13.5% higher throughput, 56% lower packet delay, 40% better fairness, and 38% lower packet dropping with the proposed CLD. We also found that the proposed CLD outperforms Pham’s CLD with respect to network throughput and packet dropping. The analysis and empirical results reported in this paper provide some insights into the design and evaluation of a CLD framework for improving data rate of 802.11 networks which may help researchers in this field to overcome the remaining design issues and challenges.

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Rajpoot, Vivek, and Vijay Shanker Tripathi. "Cross-layer design based hybrid MAC protocol for cognitive radio network." Physical Communication 50 (February 2022): 101524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2021.101524.

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Chen, Zhixiong, Tianshu Cao, Pengjiao Wang, and Junhao Feng. "Research on Hybrid Relay Protocol Design and Cross-Layer Performance Based on NOMA." Applied Sciences 14, no. 7 (April 4, 2024): 3044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14073044.

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Wireless and power line communication hybrid relay technology can realize complementary advantages and comprehensively improve the communication coverage and performance of power Internet of Things. In order to study the mechanism of the physical layer and Media Access Control (MAC) layer algorithm that affects the performance of hybrid relay systems, the cross-layer performance modeling, optimization, and simulation analysis are carried out for the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology. Firstly, a two-hop NOMA media access control protocol is designed based on the CSMA algorithm. Considering the effects of non-ideal channel transmission at the physical layer and competitive access at the MAC layer on the system performance, a cross-layer performance analysis model of hybrid wireless and power line communication relay system under NOMA is established. Finally, a cross-layer optimization model based on multi-objective programming is established for the hybrid relay system. By analyzing the relationship between transmitting power and performance index, the joint optimization of transmitting power and power distribution factor between users is realized. Simulation results verify the validity and reliability of the proposed cross-layer model. The results show that the hybrid relay algorithm combined with NOMA and CSMA can effectively improve the performance of the system throughput, packet loss probability, and delay.

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Havedanloo, Saeed, and Hamid Reza Karimi. "Improving the Performance Metric of Wireless Sensor Networks with Clustering Markov Chain Model and Multilevel Fusion." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/783543.

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The paper proposes a performance metric evaluation for a distributed detection wireless sensor network with respect to IEEE 802.15.4 standard. A distributed detection scheme is considered with presence of the fusion node and organized sensors into the clustering and non-clustering networks. Sensors are distributed in clusters uniformly and nonuniformly and network has multilevel fusion centers. Fusion centers act as heads of clusters for decision making based on majority-like received signal strength (RSS) with comparison the optimized value of the common threshold. IEEE 802.15.4 Markov chain model derived the performance metric of proposed network architecture with MAC, PHY cross-layer parameters, and Channel State Information (CSI) specifications while it is including Path-loss, Modulation, Channel coding and Rayleigh fading. Simulation results represent significant enhancement on performance of network in terms of reliability, packet failure, average delay, power consumption, and throughput.

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Zahran, Heba Y., El Sayed Yousef, Mohammed S. Alqahtani, Manuela Reben, Hamed Algarni, Ahmad Umar, Hasan B. Albargi, Ibrahim S. Yahia, and Nehal Sabry. "Analysis of the Radiation Attenuation Parameters of Cu2HgI4, Ag2HgI4, and (Cu/Ag/Hg I) Semiconductor Compounds." Crystals 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020276.

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This analysis aims to determine photon attenuation for five different ternary and binary iodide compounds using Phy-X/PSD software. For a broad range of photon energies between 0.015 and 15 MeV, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP) for the samples of Cu2HgI4, Ag2HgI4, CuI, AgI, and HgI were calculated. For illustration, the following values of TVL apply at 1 MeV: S1: 6.062 cm, S2: 6.209 cm, S3: 6.929 cm, S4: 6.897 cm, and S5: 4.568 cm. Some important parameters, such as total atomic cross-sections (ACS), electronic cross-sections (ECS), the effective atomic numbers (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), and effective conductivity (Ceff) of the samples were also calculated. Additionally, exposure buildup factors (EBF) and energy-absorption buildup factor (EABF) were estimated. These data on the radiation characteristics of our samples could be useful for gamma attenuation. The HgI sample has the highest FNRCS values (0.0892) relative to the other tested samples showing good neutron attenuation features. The CuI sample shows low gamma attenuation features; in contrast, it shows high neutron attenuation features.

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Ezzeldien, M., M. A. Salamab, M. F. Hasaneen, A. A. El-Maaref, M. M. Soraya, N. M. Shaalan, Z. A. Alrowaili, and M. Ahmad. "Multicomponent Ge-As-Te-Pb chalcogenide glasses for radiations shielding applications." Chalcogenide Letters 19, no. 12 (December 21, 2022): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2022.1912.939.

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Phy-X/PSD online program is used to obtain various radiation shielding indices in a photon energy region located between 0.15 and 15 MeV for Ge25-As10-Te65-x-Pbx (x = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 at %) chalcogenide glasses. The linear attenuation coefficient LAC, mass attenuation coefficients MAC, effective atomic number Zeff, effective electron density Neff, half-value layer, HVL, tenth value layer TVL, mean free path MEF, energy absorption and exposure buildup factors (EABF, EBF), and fast neutron cross section FNRCS have been introduced. The findings conclude that the LAC and MAC measurements are greater and therefore better than commercial and traditional glasses. Also, it was found that HVL, TVL, and MFP were reduced with the addition of Pb to the tested glasses, which improve the shielding characteristics. Zeff and Neff of the compositions under study were varied as (42.58- 59.75) and (2.36-3.09 x 1023 electrons/g) respectively. A reduction was noticed in EBF and EABF values with the increment of Pb concentration in the investigated glasses at the entire photon energies, at all values of MFP that emphasize the enhancement of shielding properties of these glasses with the addition of lead. FNRCS were found to be changed between 0.87 and 0.095 Cm-1 as Pb content varies from 0.0 to 0.01 respectively that let these glasses

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Zogovic, Nikola, Goran Dimic, and Dragana Bajic. "PHY-MAC Cross-Layer Approach to Energy-Efficiency and Packet-Loss Trade-off in Low-Power, Low-Rate Wireless Communications." IEEE Communications Letters 17, no. 4 (April 2013): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2013.021913.122663.

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Cui, Cuimei, and Dezhi Yang. "Throughput optimization for dual collaborative spectrum sensing with dynamic scheduling." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 19-21 (July 27, 2017): 1740089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917400899.

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Cognitive radio technology is envisaged to alleviate both spectrum inefficiency and spectrum scarcity problems by exploiting the existing licensed spectrum opportunistically. However, cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) impose unique challenges due to the high dynamic scheduling in the available spectrum, diverse quality of service (QOS) requirements, as well as hidden terminals and shadow fading issues in a harsh radio environment. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a dynamic and variable time-division multiple-access scheduling mechanism (DV-TDMA) incorporated with dual collaborative spectrum sensing scheme for CRAHNs. This study involves the cross-layered cooperation between the Physical (PHY) layer and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer under the consideration of average sensing time, sensing accuracy and the average throughput of cognitive radio users (CRs). Moreover, multiple-objective optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize the average throughput of CRs while still meeting QOS requirements on sensing time and detection error. Finally, performance evaluation is conducted through simulations, and the simulation results reveal that this optimization algorithm can significantly improve throughput and sensing accuracy and reduce average sensing time.

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Gu, Chao, and Qi Zhu. "A Cross-Layer Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Based on Minimum Interference Duration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 2028–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.2028.

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Cross-layer design of routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) has become a hot research topic in recent years. By integrating physical layer, MAC layer and network layer together for cross-layer design, a cross-layer routing protocol called MIR is proposed in this paper. Via predicting the duration of the interference imposed by the neighbors at every hop along the route, a new routing metric is presented which guarantees that the established routes will not break frequently while having the minimum interference. Simulation results show that MIR can significantly improve the network performance.

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Ramly, Athirah Mohd, Rosdiadee Nordin, and Nor Fadzilah Abdullah. "Application Layer-Forward Error Correction Raptor Q Codes in 5G Mobile Networks for Factory of the Future." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 26, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2257338.

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The future communication requirements for industrial automation will differ significantly from existing technologies. Traffic in Industry 4.0 imposes real-time requirements, requiring ultra-reliable communication (URC) with high reliability and minimal latency. The demand for ultra-high reliability as high as 99.999999 percent and as low as 1 ms end-to-end latency is the major challenge of the NOMA communication system in the factory of the future. The high expectations on reliability and latency need modifications to the radio system’s baseband signal processing, medium access control (MAC) layer, and application layer to protect against packet losses. Thus, this paper investigates the utilization of Raptor Q codes, which is a type of Application Layer Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC), by developing an end-to-end system level simulator to evaluate and analyze the performance of the transmission signals based on cross-layer approach; from the physical layer (PHY), MAC layer, and application layer parameters in an indoor factory network setting. The factory is assumed to be operated with various factory robots of different speeds, from static to 10 km/h. The 5G technology relies heavily on flexible network operations. High user density, high user mobility, deployment, and coverage are all qualities that allow for this flexibility. Through extensive simulations, the results showed that the Raptor Q codes are not only able to give good results, i.e., packet reception rate PRR = 0.9 of 10 m or 1.8% to 10 m or 3.4% depending on different scenarios, but are also able to meet PRR = 0.9 in the mobility scenario at 10 km/h. Thus, the Raptor Q codes can be seen as a good candidate for obtaining results within a strict range of requirements set by URC communications for the factory of the future replacing RLNC.

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Li, Chengtie, Jinkuan Wang, and Mingwei Li. "Efficient Cross-Layer Optimization Algorithm for Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/545798.

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In this paper, we address the problems of joint design for channel selection, medium access control (MAC), signal input control, and power control with cooperative communication, which can achieve tradeoff between optimal signal control and power control in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The problems are solved in two steps. Firstly, congestion control and link allocation are separately provided at transport layer and network layer, by supply and demand based on compressed sensing (CS). Secondly, we propose the cross-layer scheme to minimize the power cost of the whole network by a linear optimization problem. Channel selection and power control scheme, using the minimum power cost, are presented at MAC layer and physical layer, respectively. These functions interact through and are regulated by congestion rate so as to achieve a global optimality. Simulation results demonstrate the validity and high performance of the proposed algorithm.

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Zorzi, M., J. Zeidler, A. Anderson, B. Rao, J. Proakis, A. L. Swindlehurst, M. Jensen, and S. Krishnamurthy. "Cross-layer issues in MAC protocol design for MIMO ad hoc networks." IEEE Wireless Communications 13, no. 4 (August 2006): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2006.1678167.

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Bernard, Muwonge Ssajjabbi, Tingrui Pei, and Kimbugwe Nasser. "QoS Strategies for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks in the Context of IoT at the MAC Layer, Application Layer, and Cross-Layer Algorithms." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2019 (December 29, 2019): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9651915.

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Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) have got capacity to collect both scalar sensor data and multidimensional sensor data. It is the basis for the Internet of things (IoT). Quality of service (QoS) pointers like energy efficiency, reliability, bit error rate, and latency can be helpful in data collection estimation over a network. In this paper, we review a number of QoS strategies for WMSNs and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the IoT context from the perspective of the MAC and application layers as well as the cross-layer paradigm. Considering the MAC layer, since it is responsible for regulating the admittance to the shared medium and transmission reliability and efficiency through error correction in wireless transmissions, and for performance of framing, addressing, and flow control, the MAC protocol design greatly affects energy efficiency. We thus review a number of protocols here including contention-free and contention-based protocols as well as the hybrid of these. This paper also surveys a number of state-of-the-art machine-to-machine, publish/subscribe, and request/response protocols at the application layer. Cross-layer QoS strategies are very vital when it comes to system optimization. Many cross-layer strategies have been reviewed. For these QoS strategies, the challenges and opportunities are reviewed at each of the layers considered. Lastly, the future research directions for QoS strategies are discussed for research and application before concluding this paper.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cross-Layer Design PHY/MAC'

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