Academic literature on the topic 'Cross-laminated timb'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cross-laminated timb"
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Ma, W. S., and W. Zhang. "Resonant Chaotic Dynamics of a Symmetric Cross-Ply Composite Laminated Plate Under Transverse and In-Plane Excitations." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 30, no. 07 (June 15, 2020): 2050106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127420501060.
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The resonant chaotic dynamics of a symmetric cross-ply composite laminated plate are studied using the exponential dichotomies and an averaging procedure for the first time. The partial differential governing equations of motion for the symmetric cross-ply composite laminated plate are derived by using Reddy’s third-order shear deformation plate theory and von Karman type equation. The partial differential governing equations of motion are discretized into two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear systems including the quadratic and cubic nonlinear terms by using Galerkin method. There exists a fixed point of saddle-focus in the linear part for two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system. The Melnikov method containing the terms of the nonhyperbolic mode is developed to investigate the resonant chaotic motions of the symmetric cross-ply composite laminated plate. The obtained results indicate that the nonhyperbolic mode of the symmetric cross-ply composite laminated plate does not affect the critical conditions in the occurrence of chaotic motions in the resonant case. When the resonant chaotic motion occurs, we can draw a conclusion that the resonant chaotic motions of the hyperbolic subsystem are shadowed for the full nonlinear system of the symmetric cross-ply composite laminated plate.
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Maksimov, F. E., M. M. Pevzner, A. Yu Petrov, S. B. Levchenko, V. A. Grigoriev, N. G. Baranova, and V. Yu Kuznetsov. "Age of the «cross-laminated sandy» stratum from the reference section Yar Sredny (Central Kamchatka) according to the paired 230Th /238U and 14C dating of peat." Доклады Академии наук 488, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524883288-293.
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For the first time, numerical radioisotope age were obtained for the “cross-laminated sandy” stratum, which is widespread in Neopeopleistocene reference sections of loose sediments from Central Kamchatka. Two peat layers, incorporated in the “cross-laminated sandy” stratum of the Yar Sredny, were studied. The results of their paired 230Th/238U and 14C dating are in good agreement with each other. According to the dating results, it was determined that the “cross-laminated sandy” stratum was deposited, apparently, in the range of about 50-40 thousand years ago, i.e. in the Late Pleistocene (MIS-3), and not in the Middle Pleistocene, about 400-300 thousand years ago, as previously thought.
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Lestari, Ratri Yuli. "CLT (Cross Laminated Timber): Produksi, Karakteristik dan Perkembangannya (CLT (Cross Laminated Timber): Production, Characteristics and Development)." Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan 9, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24111/jrihh.v9i1.3126.
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Cross laminated timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product as a laminated board that was arranged in cross order and applied as floor, roof, and wall. This product is an innovation in overcoming the scarce of wood material especially in large diameter and high quality as a building material. The review discusses the history of CLT, the characteristics, and its developments. CLT was first developed in Europe especially in Austria and Germany and then spread around the world. CLT has superiority in term of characteristics such as renewable, recyclable, easy to design and form, good insulation, energy efficient, fire resistance, good seismic characteristics, and also acts as a carbon sink that relieves the stress of global greenhouse gasses effect. CLT also has the strength that comparable to concrete and steel, and suitable for high rise building structure purposes. CLT is a prefabricated product and has advantages such as time saving, labor efficient, minimal post construction waste, and less disturbance to the environment during construction. CLT was developed outside Europe and reached North America, New Zealand and Indonesia. The barrier in adopting CLT are the lack of information of the products. One of the solution is to increase the awareness and the product knowledge.Keywords : architecture, building constructions, cross laminated timber, engineered wood
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Zheng, Yu Fang, and Li Qiong Deng. "Effect of Piezoelectricity on Nonlinear Free Vibration of Moderately Thick Laminated Piezoelectric Plates." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1223.
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On the basis of laminated plate theory and piezoelectric theory, the nonlinear free vibration governing equations for symmetric cross-ply moderately thick laminated piezoelectric plates are established. The Galerkin procedure furnishes an infinite system of equations for time functions which are solved by the method of harmonic balance. In the numerical results, the influences of piezoelectric effect and various location of piezoelectric layer on the nonlinear vibrating frequency of the laminated piezoelectric plates are discussed.
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Wei, Shanyang, Huan Yang, Butong Gao, Haitao Cheng, Rongxiu Lu, and Lihui Dong. "Experimental research on temperature distribution and charring rate of typical components of wood structure building." Journal of Fire Sciences 40, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07349041211073303.
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This study presents the fire performance of typical components of wood structure buildings. The wooden beams and floor slabs, quite common in wood structure buildings, were burned with different fire exposure times by a pool fire source. Then, the surface temperature evolution and the charring rate were recorded and analyzed. The results show that the flashover and re-ignition phenomenon occurred in all wood materials under the burning pool fires. The glulam beam cross-section was U-shaped, and the maximum charring rates of glulam beam, cross-laminated timber floor, and cross-laminated timber partition board were 0.833 mm/min, 1.538 mm/min, and 0.435 mm/min, respectively. It can be seen that the combustion behavior time of specimens with different cross-section thicknesses is different. If the thickness of the specimens is appropriately increased, their combustion behavior time can be significantly improved.
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Yan, Wei, W. Q. Chen, and B. S. Wang. "On time-dependent behavior of cross-ply laminated strips with viscoelastic interfaces." Applied Mathematical Modelling 31, no. 2 (February 2007): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2005.11.014.
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Zhang, B. Y., and W. Zhang. "Theory of Nonlinear Vibrations for Antisymmetric Cross-Ply Bistable Laminated Shells." Shock and Vibration 2021 (September 27, 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3303512.
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In this paper, on the basis of taking the von Karman nonlinear factors into consideration, the constitutive equation of the antisymmetric cross-ply laminated composite was used to calculate the internal force and internal moment of the bistable structure, and the dynamic equilibrium equation and the compatible equation were constructed, respectively. The two equations were combined to establish a nonlinear dynamic model for the antisymmetric cross-ply laminated glass fiber resin bistable shell. Then, the finite element numerical simulation software ABAQUS was adopted to perform simulation modeling and numerical analysis on a series of bistable specimens, so as to study the impact of different geometric parameters on the frequencies, mode shapes, and other vibration characteristics of the antisymmetric laminated fiber resin bistable shell. Galerkin discretization was conducted on the vibration partial differential equation. Since there are only even-order partial differential terms of deflection w with respect to x and y in the vibration partial differential equation at this time, the form of series obtained by each term is the same, which simplifies the discretization of the dynamic equilibrium equation and the compatible equation. Finally, the two equations after discretization were merged to obtain the three-degree-of-freedom nonlinear ordinary differential equation of the antisymmetric cross-ply laminated glass fiber resin bistable shell. The system averaged equation was acquired by perturbation analysis through a multiscale method, and the periodic solution of the antisymmetric laminated bistable system was studied. Moreover, the system’s nonlinear dynamic behavior characteristics such as bifurcation and chaos were explored when the main resonance Ω is close to ω 1 and ω 2 , respectively, and the internal resonance is 1 : 2 : 3.
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Kukk, Villu, Targo Kalamees, and Jaan Kers. "The effects of production technologies on the air permeability and crack development of cross-laminated timber." Journal of Building Physics 43, no. 3 (August 7, 2019): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259119866869.
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In a building envelope, the cross-laminated timber is often used as an air barrier layer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of production technologies such as edge bonding, different initial moisture content of lamination and number of lamination layers (three and five) on the air permeability properties of the cross-laminated timber. Air leakage and crack area in cross-laminated timber panels were measured after the panels were conditioned in environments with different relative humidities in progressive steps from humid to dry environments (relative humidity 75% → relative humidity 43% → relative humidity 30% → relative humidity 15%). The test results showed that the five-layer specimens combined with initially drier laminations had the most considerable effect on avoiding air leakages through the panel. The greater number of layers helps to avoid any overlapping of gaps between laminations that are possible sources of air leakages. Based on the results, it is recommended to combine the technologies of using a larger number of layers together with initially drier laminations to minimise the growth of cracks on panel surfaces and avoid air leakages during the time of use.
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Zheng, Yu Fang, Yi Ming Fu, and Kai Qi. "Nonlinear Free Vibration for Cross-Ply Laminated Damaged Plates with Piezoelectric Actuators." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.479.
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On the basis of the anisotropic damage theory and piezoelectric theory, the nonlinear free vibration governing equations for cross-ply laminated damaged plates with piezoelectric actuators are established. The Galerkin procedure furnishes an infinite system of equations for time functions which are solved by the method of harmonic balance. In the numerical results, the influences of damage parameters and piezoelectric effect on the nonlinear amplitude-frequency response curves of the laminated plates are discussed, which results reveal the inherent features about the coupled mechanics and electricity.
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Vamza, Ilze, Fabian Diaz, Peteris Resnais, Antra Radziņa, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Life Cycle Assessment of Reprocessed Cross Laminated Timber in Latvia." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0005.
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Abstract It is expected that Cross-laminated timber (CLT) and other engineered wood products will experience rapid growth in the coming years. Global population growth is requiring more housing units, at the same time the negative impact of construction industry cannot stay in the same level as today. Alternatives for concrete and steel reinforced structures are being explored. CLT has proven to be an excellent substitution for concrete regarding construction of buildings up to eight storeys high. In addition to much lower environmental impact, construction process using CLT takes significantly less time due to pre-cut shapes required for specific project. Despite mentioned benefits, there are considerable amount of CLT cuttings generated in this process. Due to irregular shape and small dimensions of these cuttings they are useless for further use in construction. By applying re-processing technology described in this paper, around 70 % of generated cuttings can be re-processed into new CLT panels. In this paper we are evaluating the environmental benefits of re-processing these cuttings into new CLT panels versus business-as-usual scenario with waste disposal. Life cycle assessment results showed significant reduction of environmental impact for the scenario of CLT cutting re-processing.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cross-laminated timb"
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Fougberg, Tove, and Linda Zacharias. "Hållbart byggande : En modell för beslutstagande av stommaterial vid nybyggnation av flerbostadshus." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40203.
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In Sweden housing shortage is a rising issue. Within a ten year period scientists predict that the Swedish population will increase from 10 to approximately 11 million people. Due to this increase in the Swedish population, the production of multi-dwelling buildings should be expanding, though instead building development is now decreasing. The Swedish government recently stated upon a climate strategy, to have no excessive emissions of greenhouse gases until the year of 2045. Regarding this climate strategy and the increasing need for housing, the need to build time-efficient, low cost buildings that have minimal environmental impact is in a greater demand than ever before. The purpose of this degree project is to elucidate the environmental effects, costs and assembly time for multi-dwelling buildings with prefabricated wooden and concrete frames. The study, based on literature and interviews, displays that prefabricated cross-laminated timber frames are more expensive than prefabricated concrete frames. However, choosing a timber frame does not necessarily result in a higher production cost compared to a concrete frame. Due to the dehydration time with concrete frames, wooden frames are almost 20 % more time efficient to assemble. Although wooden frames take less time to assemble, they often need more post-production work to withhold quality demands in comparison to concrete frames. The difference in environmental effect between the two materials is significant. Wood is an organic and renewable material and therefore has a low environmental impact. Concrete, which is a non-renewable material, has a higher environmental impact because of its cement component. Today 90 % of the newly developed multi-dwelling buildings are constructed with concrete. To reach the climate strategy in 2045, an increase of wooden constructions is one solution to lower the greenhouse gas emissions. Regarding that most of today’s construction building companies are using concrete as their primary frame material, this way of construction will have to change. Due to this future change, a decisionmaking model for selecting framework material has been developed. The model aims to guide clients and construction companies in an early process to get a first indication on what type of material that would be most beneficial to use in a project. The model is based on three different key factors; environmental effect, investment cost and time. When using the model, these key factors will be compared to each other and prioritized in a hierarchy setting. The outcome specifies the most preferable material to use in a project.
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Finnhult, Johan, and Martin Petersson. "Effektivisering vid montering av KL-element – en pilotstudie av infästningar mellan väggskiva- bjälklagsplatta." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97657.
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Byggsektorn tenderar idag att välja material med låg miljöpåverkan och bygga energi- och tidseffektiva konstruktioner. Att öka användningen av träprodukter är en del av lösningen. Korslimmat trä (KL-trä) är ett byggmaterial som har blivit mer och mer populärt att använda i byggbranschen. I Sverige har KL-trä använts sedan slutet på 90- talet och användandet ökar för varje år som går. Materialet är relativt nytt och vid monteringen av KL-trä finns det utrymme för förbättringar. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka och analysera hur dagens infästning av KL-element utförs och hur dessa kan effektiviseras. Målet är att undersöka om det går att korta ner monteringstiden av KL- trästommar. Detta görs genom beräkningar, fältstudie och experiment. I arbetet undersöks möjligheten att reducera skruvning för det vanligast använda vägg till golv anslutningarna och om det finns tid att spara i montaget med hjälp av förborrning. Resultatet av rapporten visar att det finns en potentiell tid motsvarande ca 40 % tidsvinst att spara med förborrade bjälklag från fabrik och andra kvalitétsfördelar som förborrning kan medföra, medan reducering av skruv är möjligt men inte optimerad för dagens mest tillämpade infästningslösningar.The construction sector today tends to choose material with a low environmental impact and build energy- and time-efficient structures. Increasing the use of wood products is part of the solution. Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a building material that has become more and more popular to use in the construction industry. In Sweden, CLT has been used since the late 90 and its use is increasing every year. The material is relatively new and especially for mounting CLT element, there are still potentials for improvement. The purpose of the work is to investigate and analyze how todays attachment of CLT elements is carried out and how these can be made more efficient. The aim is to investigate whether it is possible to shorten the assembly time of CLT elements. The study was carried out through calculations, study visit and experiments. The work investigates the possibility of reducing screwing for the most commonly used wall to floor joints and showed there is a potential time efficiency of about 40% to be gained with pre-drilled floor element from the factory and other quality benefits that pre-drilling can bring, while the study also showed reducing fasteners under construction phase is possible but not an optimal solution.
Conference papers on the topic "Cross-laminated timb"
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Ye, Min, Yanhong Sun, Qian Ding, and Wei Zhang. "Nonlinear Oscillations of an Antisymmetric Cross-Ply Laminated Composite Thin Rectangular Plate Under Parametric Excitation." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42207.
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In this paper, nonlinear dynamics of a simply supported antisymmetric cross-ply laminated composite thin rectangular plate under parametric excitation is investigated. The governing equations of motion for the antisymmetric cross-ply laminated composite plate are derived by using von Karman type plate equation. The geometric nonlinearity and nonlinear damping are included in the governing equations of motion. A two-degree-of-freedom parametrically excited nonlinear system including the quadratic and cubic nonlinear terms is obtained by using the Galerkin method. Based on the Fourier expansion and the temporal rescaling, an asymptotic perturbation method is utilized to obtained four-dimensional nonlinear averaged equations on the amplitude and the phase of nonlinear oscillations of the antisymmetric cross-ply laminated composite plate for the first time. Based on the averaged equations, the steady state nonlinear responses and their stabilities are determined by using numerical approach. The relations between the steady state nonlinear responses and the amplitude and frequency of parametric excitation are obtained. Under the certain conditions, the antisymmetric cross-ply laminated composite plate may have two steady state nonzero solutions in which the jumping phenomenon occurs.
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Zhang, Jun-Hua, Wei Zhang, and Qian Wang. "Multi-Pulse Chaotic Dynamics for Composite Laminated Plates." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38392.
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The heteroclinic bifurcation and multi-pulse chaotic dynamics of a simply-supported symmetric cross-ply composite laminated rectangular plate with parametric and forcing excitations are investigated in this paper for the first time. The formulas of the simply-supported composite laminated rectangular plate are derived by using Hamilton’s principle and the Galerkin’s approach. The extended Melnikov method is improved to enable us to analyze directly the non-autonomous nonlinear dynamical system, which is applied to the non-autonomous governing equations of motion for the simply-supported composite laminated rectangular plate. The results obtained here indicate that the multi-pulse chaotic motions can occur in the simply-supported composite laminated rectangular plate. Numerical simulation is also employed to find the multipulse chaotic motions of the simply-supported composite laminated rectangular plate.
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Yao, Zhi-Gang, and Wei Zhang. "Bifurcations and Chaos of Composite Laminated Piezoelectric Rectangular Plate With One-to-Three Internal Resonance." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-556.
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The bifurcations and chaotic motions of a simply supported symmetric cross-ply composite laminated piezoelectric rectangular plate are analyzed for the first time, which are forced by the transverse and in-plane excitations. It is assumed that different layers of symmetric cross-ply composite laminated piezoelectric rectangular plate are perfectly bonded to each other and with piezoelectric actuator layers embedded in the plate. Based on the Reddy’s third-order shear deformation plate theory, the nonlinear governing equations of motion for the composite laminated piezoelectric rectangular plate are derived by using the Hamilton’s principle. The excitation loaded by piezoelectric layers is considered. The Galerkin’s approach is employed to discretize partial differential governing equations to a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system under combined the parametric and external excitations. The method of multiple scales is utilized to obtain the four-dimensional averaged equation. Numerical method is used to find the periodic and chaotic motions of the composite laminated piezoelectric rectangular plate. The numerical results show the existence of the periodic and chaotic motions in the averaged equation. It is found that the chaotic responses are especially sensitive to the forcing and the parametric excitations. The influence of the transverse, in-plane and piezoelectric excitations on the bifurcations and chaotic behaviors of the composite laminated piezoelectric rectangular plate is investigated numerically.
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Zhang, Wei, Xiang-Ying Guo, Qian Wang, Cui-Cui Liu, and Yun-cheng He. "A New Kind of Energy Transfer From the High-Frequency to Low-Frequency Mode in a Composite Laminated Plate." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28792.
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This paper focuses on the analysis on a new kind of nonlinear resonant motion with the low-frequency large-amplitude, which can be induced by the high-frequency small-amplitude mode through the mechanism of modulation of amplitude and phase. The system investigated is a simply supported symmetric cross-ply composite laminated rectangular thin plate subjected to parametric excitations. Experimental research has been carried out for the first time. The test plate was excited near the first natural frequency with parametric forces and the above mentioned high-to-low frequency mode has been observed, whose frequency is extremely lower than the first natural frequency. Theoretical job goes to analysis the above phenomenon accordingly. Based on the Reddy’s third-order shear deformation plate theory and the von Karman type equation, the nonlinear governing equations of the simply supported symmetric cross-ply composite laminated rectangular thin plate subjected to parametric excitations are formulated. The Galerkin method is utilized to discretize the governing partial differential equations into a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system. Numerical simulation is conducted to investigate this non-autonomous system subsequently. The results of numerical simulation demonstrate that there is a qualitative agreement between the experimental observation and the theoretical result. Besides, the multi-pulse chaotic motions are also reported in numerical simulations.
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Kerur, Shravankumar B., and Anup Ghosh. "Active Control of Geometrically Nonlinear Transient Response of Smart Laminated Composite Plate Integrated With AFC Actuator and PVDF Sensor." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3647.
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A coupled electromechanical finite element formulation for active control of geometrically nonlinear transient response of laminated composite plate is studied. First order shear deformation theory and Von Karman type nonlinear strain displacements are used. The plate is discritised using eight noded quadratic isoparametric elements with five mechanical degrees of freedom and one electrical degree of freedom per node. Newton-Raphson iterative method in association with Newmark time integration method is used to solve the nonlinear finite element equilibrium equation. Negative velocity feedback control algorithm is used to control the dynamic response of the smart laminated composite plate. Active fiber composite (AFC) layer poled in fiber direction acting as distributed actuator and PVDF layer poled in thickness direction acting as sensor are considered. Present study involves two types of actuator sensor arrangements. Case I: the substrate is sandwiched between AFC actuator and PVDF sensor. Case II: AFC actuator and PVDF sensor are collocated on top of the substrate. The effect of piezoelectric fiber orientation in actuator layer on vibration control for both cross ply and angle ply laminates are examined.
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Chao, C. C., T. P. Tung, C. C. Sheu, and H. J. Chern. "A 3-D Laminated Plate Theory and Nonlinear Impact Modal Analysis." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0299.
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Abstract A three-dimensional theory of cross-ply laminated thick plates is developed via an elasticity approach for nonlinear impact modal analysis. The simply supported plate is strictly stress free over all four edges and both lateral surfaces, in addition to stress-loading equilibrium over the patch loading area. The 3-D dynamic displacement fields are expressed in a mixed mode of double Fourier series and cubic polynomials. A system of modified Lagrange’s equations is derived incorporating all surface conditions and interface displacement and stress continuities. Validity of the present 3-D theory is proved in comparison to the only existing exact solutions in the basic cases of statics and free vibration. The nonlinear impact modal analysis is performed using the Hertz contact law in patch loading and Green’s function for small time linearization. The 3-D displacements and stresses are found to predict a tensile crack at the unimpacted side and probably, a delamination at the interface. They are always unsymmetric with respect to the mid-plane in all cases of unidirectional, symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply laminates due to the one-sided loading.
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Neve, Oliver. "Modular CLT – Time to swallow the offsite pill." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0641.
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<p>The threatening title of the United Kingdom’s 2016 Farmer Review ‘Modernise or Die’ was a stark prognosis for the construction industry likened to a sick or dying patient. The review recommended a shift towards pre- manufacture approaches and away from the traditional methods that we seem so reluctant to divert from. The paper recommends that Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA) is to be explored as the potential medicine required to cure the symptoms of a deteriorating industry.</p> <p>The antidote comes in the form of modular cross laminated timber (CLT). Originally, CLT was associated with in-situ construction techniques, which are reliant on-site operations. The industry has since progressed to a hybrid state of using both in-situ techniques with some pre-fabrication. Modular CLT is the next step in the evolution of mass timber which looks to solve the housing crisis affecting multiple global cities in terms of sustainability, cost and speed.</p> <p>The paper will look at:</p> <ul> <li>The advantages and opportunities for modular CLT</li> <li>The engineering challenges that need to be overcome</li> <li>Digitalisation techniques employed in the design of modular CLT</li> <li>A case study of the Watts Grove project in London, UK</li> </ul>
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Chandrasekaran, Venkataraman, Mark Sheplak, Louis N. Cattafesta, and Bhavani V. Sankar. "Thermoelastic Actuation: Solution for Circular Composite Plates With Application in MEMS." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39328.
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This paper presents the dynamic analysis of a thermoelastically actuated circular composite diaphragm, for MEMS applications. The diaphragm is used as an acoustic transmitter, actuated at ultrasonic frequencies via a diffused surface heater at its center. The principle of operation of the thermal actuator is the generation of an oscillating temperature gradient across the diaphragm cross-section due to Joule heating of the diffused heater, creating a thermal moment that results in out-of-plane bending of the diaphragm. The mechanical analysis of the diaphragm, modeled as a composite plate, is based on the classical laminated plate theory. The time harmonic heat conduction resulting from the Joule heating of the diffused surface heater, modeled as a surface heat flux input, is analyzed using the Fourier heat conduction model. Analytical expressions have been obtained for the temperature distribution, and the resulting thermal moment, and plate deflection.
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Lee, S., and W. G. Knauss. "Failure of Laminated Composites at Thickness Discontinuities Under Complex Loading and Elevated Temperatures." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2159.
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Abstract Failure initiation of laminated composites with discontinuous thickness has been studied in terms of typical structural load description (tension, shear force and bending moment) rather than in terms of micromechanics considerations. Four types of specimens of different stacking sequence were examined to determine failure initiation, analyzed subsequently via a finite element analysis (ABAQUS), divided into two groups that evoke cross-ply failure, on the one hand, and delamination type failure on the other. For unidirectional fiber orientation in the tension direction and across the interface, failure occurs through cracking and delamination. While the initiation strength for this failure mode is significantly higher than for cross-ply configurations, the residual strength after initiation increases only marginally (10%) beyond the initiation point. For cases involving cross-plies on either side of the interface, failure initiation occurs by matrix cracking. In these cases the residual load bearing capability was 20 to 30% higher than the corresponding failure initiation loads. The data are analyzed in terms of the Tsai-Hill criterion and in terms of an energy release criterion that has been discretized in a manner consistent with a non-singular treatment of the step “discontinuity”. Assuming that time dependent aspects of the failure process are not dominant, elevated temperatures did not change the general results of how bending and tension loads interact; however the magnitude at which the failures occur depends on the temperature, with increasing temperature leading to decreasing load tolerance.
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Ishihana, Kenta, Osamu Furuya, Kengo Goda, and Shohei Omata. "Study on Laminated Type Base Isolation Device Using Urethane Erastomer for Practical Application." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45426.
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Base isolation system will be aggressively applied to not only architectural and civil structures but also various structures, because the effectiveness on seismic safety had been demonstrated again in the Great East Japan Earthquake. In this study, the research and development of laminated type base isolation device using urethane elastomer has been carried out to upgrade a seismic safety for various structures. The fundamental characteristics have been investigated from several loading test by using various experimental devices, and the design formula for the stiffness and equivalent damping coefficient is formulated as an approximate expression of mechanical characteristics until now. Moreover, the experimental examination for aged deterioration in the urethane material has been continuously carried out. This paper summarizes the mechanical characteristics based on the loading test up to 500% shear strain using experimental specimen with 100×100 mm cross-sectional shape, base isolation effect from time response analysis using nonlinear element model of urethane elastomer and the accelerated aging test for verifying the aging of practical use.