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Journal articles on the topic 'Cross-flow heat exchangers'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Alotaibi, Sorour, Mihir Sen, Bill Goodwine, and K. T. Yang. "Controllability of cross-flow heat exchangers." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47, no. 5 (February 2004): 913–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2003.08.021.

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2

Silaipillayarputhur, Karthik. "Transient Response of Cross Flow Heat Exchangers Subjected to Simultaneous Temperature and Flow Perturbations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.665.

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This paper compares the transient thermal performance between counter and parallel cross flow heat exchangers subjected to time varying inlet mass flow rates and inlet temperatures that hasn’t been previously discussed in the available literature. Specifically the transient performance of 2 pass and 3 pass cross flow heat exchangers is discussed in this paper. In the present study the energy balance equations for the hot and cold fluids and the heat exchanger wall were solved using an implicit central finite difference method. Representative values of NTU were considered, and the NTU’s of the heat exchanger were assumed to be uniformly distributed among the heat exchanger passes. Other physically significant parameters such as the capacity rate ratio and the convection heat transfer resistance ratio were systematically varied. A detailed summary based on the observations has been presented.

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3

Bury, Tomasz, Jan Składzień, and Katarzyna Widziewicz. "Experimental and numerical analyses of finned cross flow heat exchangers efficiency under non-uniform gas inlet flow conditions." Archives of Thermodynamics 31, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-010-0034-5.

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Experimental and numerical analyses of finned cross flow heat exchangers efficiency under non-uniform gas inlet flow conditionsThe work deals with experimental and numerical thermodynamic analyses of cross-flow finned tube heat exchangers of the gas-liquid type. The aim of the work is to determine an impact of the gas non-uniform inlet on the heat exchangers performance. The measurements have been carried out on a special testing rig and own numerical code has been used for numerical simulations. Analysis of the experimental and numerical results has shown that the range of the non-uniform air inlet to the considered heat exchangers may be significant and it can significantly affect the heat exchanger efficiency.

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4

Saboya, F. E. M., and C. E. S. M. da Costa. "Minimum Irreversibility Criteria for Heat Exchanger Configurations." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 121, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795989.

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From the second law of thermodynamics, the concepts of irreversibility, entropy generation, and availability are applied to counterflow, parallel-flow, and cross-flow heat exchangers. In the case of the Cross-flow configuration, there are four types of heat exchangers: I) both fluids unmixed, 2) both fluids mixed, 3) fluid of maximum heat capacity rate mixed and the other unmixed, 4) fluid of minimum heat capacity rate mixed and the other unmixed. In the analysis, the heat exchangers are assumed to have a negligible pressure drop irreversibility. The Counterflow heat exchanger is compared with the other five heat exchanger types and the comparison will indicate which one has the minimum irreversibility rate. In this comparison, only the exit temperatures and the heat transfer rates of the heat exchangers are different. The other conditions (inlet temperatures, mass flow rates, number of transfer units) and the working fluids are the same in the heat exchangers.

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5

Yildirim, M., and M. S. Söylemez. "THERMOECONOMICAL OPTIMIZATION OF CROSS-FLOW HEAT EXCHANGERS." Heat Transfer Research 48, no. 12 (2017): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heattransres.2016006384.

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6

Oğulata, R. Tuğrul, Füsun Doba, and Tuncay Yilmaz. "Irreversibility analysis of cross flow heat exchangers." Energy Conversion and Management 41, no. 15 (October 2000): 1585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(00)00020-0.

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7

Zaleski, Tadeusz. "Mathematical modelling of cross-flow heat exchangers." Chemical Engineering Science 42, no. 7 (1987): 1517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(87)80157-4.

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8

Syukran, Syukran. "Kaji efisiensi temperatur penukar panas dengan variasi aliran untuk aplikasi pengering." Jurnal POLIMESIN 16, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jpl.v16i2.562.

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Abstrak Heat exchanger atau alat penukar panas adalah alat-alat yang digunakan untuk mengubah temperatur fluida atau mengubah fasa fluida dengan cara mempertukarkan panasnya dengan fluida lain. Pada sebuah penukar panas kemampuan mempertukarkan panas sangat ditentukan oleh tipe dan jenis aliran fluida yang melewati penukar panas. Secara garis besar penukar panas dibagi berdasarkan arah aliran fluidanya. Berdasarkan arah aliran fluida penukar panas dibedakan menjadi 3 (tiga) jenis aliran, yaitu aliran searah (parallel flow), aliran berlawanan (counter flow) dan aliran silang (cross flow). Saat ini penukar panas banyak dipakai dalam industri pengeringan produk-produk pertanian, perkebunan dan perikanan skala kecil dan menengah. Penggunaan penukar panas dalam bidang pengeringan saat ini sudah menjadi kebutuhan untuk mengatasi permasalahan produktifitas pengeringan. Umumnya penukar panas yang digunakan adalah tipe aliran berlawanan. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penukar panas tersebut yang umumnya berfokus pada jenis aliran berlawanan. Penelitian penelitian spesifik yang mengkaji perbandingan efisiensi penukar panas untuk ketiga jenis aliran belum ditemukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efisiensi temperatur penukar panas untuk jenis aliran jenis aliran melintang, sejajar, dan berlawanan. Metode penelitian dilakukan fabrikasi 3 unit exchanger tipe gas-gas dengan dimensi 50 (P) x 10 (L) x 30 (T) dengan jumlah tube 17 susunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi temperatur untuk ketiga jenis penukar panas tersebut adalah 21,3% aliran melintang, 17,3% aliran berlawanan dan 15,9% aliran sejajar. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa efisiensi temperatur tertinggi diperoleh jenis penukar panas aliran melintang. Kata kunci : Penukar panas, aliran sejajar, aliran berlawanan, aliran silang, temperatur. Abstrack Heat exchangers or heat exchangers are the means used to change the temperature of the fluid or to change the fluid phase by exchanging heat with other fluids. In a heat exchanger the heat exchange ability is greatly determined by the type and type of fluid flow passing through the heat exchanger. Broadly speaking the exchanger is divided based on the direction of fluid flow. Based on the direction of fluid flow exchanger is divided into 3 (three) types of flow, namely parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow. Currently, heat exchangers are widely used in the drying industry of small and medium-sized agricultural and small-scale plantation and fishery products. The use of exchangers in the field of drying is now a need to overcome the problems of drying productivity. Generally the exchanger used is the opposite flow type (counter flow). Several studies have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of these exchangers which generally focus on the opposite type of flow. Specific research studies that reviewed the efficiency of exchangers for the three types of flow have not been found. This research was conducted to find out the efficiency of heat exchanger temperature for flow type of cross flow, parallel flow and counter flow type. The research method was fabricated 3 units of gas-gas exchanger type with dimension 50 (P) x 10 (L) x 30 (T) with the number of tubes 17 staggered arrangement. The results show that the temperature efficiency for the three types of heat exchanger is 21.3% cross flow flow, 17.3% flow counter flow and 15.9% parallel flow flow. The results concluded that the highest temperature efficiency obtained by cross flow flow type exchanger. Keywords: Heat exchanger, parallel flow, counter flow, cross flow, temperature

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9

Cabezas-Gómez, Luben, Hélio Aparecido Navarro, and José Maria Saiz-Jabardo. "Thermal Performance of Multipass Parallel and Counter-Cross-Flow Heat Exchangers." Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no. 3 (June 14, 2006): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2430719.

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A thorough study of the thermal performance of multipass parallel cross-flow and counter-cross-flow heat exchangers has been carried out by applying a new numerical procedure. According to this procedure, the heat exchanger is discretized into small elements following the tube-side fluid circuits. Each element is itself a one-pass mixed-unmixed cross-flow heat exchanger. Simulated results have been validated through comparisons to results from analytical solutions for one- to four-pass, parallel cross-flow and counter-cross-flow arrangements. Very accurate results have been obtained over wide ranges of NTU (number of transfer units) and C* (heat capacity rate ratio) values. New effectiveness data for the aforementioned configurations and a higher number of tube passes is presented along with data for a complex flow configuration proposed elsewhere. The proposed procedure constitutes a useful research tool both for theoretical and experimental studies of cross-flow heat exchangers thermal performance.

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10

WU, S. Y., Y. R. LI, and D. L. ZENG. "EXERGO-ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ON LOW TEMPERATURE HEAT EXCHANGER." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 01n03 (January 30, 2005): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205028943.

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Based on the exergo-economic analysis of low temperature heat exchanger heat transfer and flow process, a new exergo-economic criterion which is defined as the net profit per unit heat flux for cryogenic exergy recovery low temperature heat exchangers is put forward. The application of criterion is illustrated by the evaluation of down-flow, counter-flow and cross-flow low temperature heat exchangers performance.

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11

Li, Wen, Jun Hua Wan, Jing Liu, Zu Yi Zheng, and Wen Ming Xu. "Theoretical Analysis of Effects of Solution Heat Exchanger on the Performance of Mixed Absorption Refrigeration Cycle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2521.

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The model of solution heat exchangers of mixed absorption refrigeration cycle was developed. The effects of strong solution temperature difference between inlet and outlet of solution heat exchanger on the coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling water flow rate of mixed absorption refrigeration cycle were analyzed, at the same time, the effects of temperature difference on the unit heat exchange area of counter-flow and cross-flow solution heat exchangers were analyzed. The theoretical analysis results showed that there was an optimal value for the strong solution temperature difference, for the mixed absorption system, the optimal temperature difference was about 12°C, the corresponding COP was 11.2% higher and the cooling water flow rate was 7.8% less than that of system without heat exchanger.

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12

Kaminskii, V. A., and R. M. Nikulin. "Modeling of the heat transfer in cross-flow heat exchangers." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 40, no. 1 (January 2006): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579506010076.

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13

Bes, Th. "Thermal performances of codirected cross-flow heat exchangers." Heat and Mass Transfer 31, no. 4 (April 1996): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02328611.

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14

Bes, T. "Thermal performances of codirected cross-flow heat exchangers." Heat and Mass Transfer 31, no. 4 (April 10, 1996): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002310050048.

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15

Diaz, Gerardo. "Controllability of cross-flow two-phase heat exchangers." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 50, no. 23-24 (November 2007): 4559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.03.024.

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16

Lopata, Stanislaw, and Pawel Oclon. "Verification of applicability of the two-equation turbulence models for temperature distribution in transitional flow in an elliptical tube." Thermal Science 23, Suppl. 4 (2019): 1113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci19s4113l.

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To increase the efficiency, elliptical tubes are often used in cross-flow heat exchangers. For these kinds of heat exchangers the flow field in the tubes exhibits irregularities. Therefore, various flow regimes can be observed: the turbulent, the transitional, and even the laminar one. Therefore, applying typical turbulence models for numerical calculations may cause significant errors, when flow in the heat exchanger tubes is in the transitional or laminar regime. Hence, the average values of flow velocities and temperature in heat exchanger tubes can be calculated incorrectly. The paper presents empirical verification of applying the basic two-equation turbulence models for a transitional flow of water in an elliptical pipe of a heat exchanger.

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17

Ramezanpour Jirandeh, Reza, Mehrangiz Ghazi, Amir Farhang Sotoodeh, and Mohammad Nikian. "Plate-fin heat exchanger network modeling, design and optimization – a novel and comprehensive algorithm." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 19, no. 5 (January 11, 2021): 1017–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-07-2020-0262.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a novel and applied method for optimum designing of plate-finned heat exchanger network. Considering the total annual cost as the objective function, a network of plate-finned heat exchanger is designed and optimized. Design/methodology/approach Accurate evaluation of plate-finned heat exchanger networks depends on different fin types with 10 different geometrical parameters of heat exchangers. In this study, fin numbers are considered as the main decision variables and geometrical parameters of fins are considered as the secondary decision variables. The algorithm applies heat transfer and pressure drop coefficients correction method and differential evolution (DE) algorithm to obtain the optimum results. In this paper, optimization and minimization of the total annual cost of heat exchanger network is considered as the objective function. Findings In this study, a novel and applied method for optimum designing of plate-finned heat exchanger network is presented. The comprehensive algorithm is applied into a case study and the results are obtained for both counter-flow and cross-flow plate-finned heat exchangers. The total annual cost and total area of the network with counter-flow heat exchangers were 12.5% and 23.27%, respectively, smaller than the corresponding values of the network with cross-flow heat exchanger. Originality/value In this paper, a reliable method is used to design, optimize parameters and the economic optimization of heat exchanger network. Taking into account the importance of plate-finned heat exchangers in industrial applications and the complexity in their geometry, the DE methodology is adopted to obtain an optimal geometric configuration. The total annual cost is chosen as the objective function. Applying this technique to a case study illustrates its capability to accurate design plate-finned heat exchangers to improve the objective function of the heat exchanger network from the economic viewpoint with the design of details.

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18

Łopata, Stanisław, Paweł Ocłoń, and Tomasz Stelmach. "Investigation of flow non-uniformities in the cross-flow heat exchanger with elliptical tubes." E3S Web of Conferences 108 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910801009.

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In heat exchangers, especially those with the cross-flow arrangement, it is nearly impossible to achieve the uniform distribution of the working fluid in the tubular space with the currently used inlet and outlet chambers (in some constructions as well). The improper inflow conditions to individual tubes, including those with an elliptical cross-section - often used because of their favorable features compared to round tubes, is the cause of improper heat transfer. In this respect, transitional flow is of particular importance. This flow regime is complex and challenging to model. Therefore, it is necessary to perform experimental verification. For this purpose, an appropriate stand was built, allowing to investigate the flow of the working fluid (water) to the elliptical tubes in the cross-current heat exchanger. The paper presents the results of measurements for manifold geometry, which are currently used in practice (for heat exchanger constructions). The analysis of the measurement data confirms the nonuniform flow distribution to individual tubes of the heat exchanger.

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19

Luo, X. J. "Parametric study of heat transfer enhancement on cross-flow heat exchangers." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 121 (November 2017): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2017.07.014.

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20

Crane, Douglas T., and Gregory S. Jackson. "Optimization of cross flow heat exchangers for thermoelectric waste heat recovery." Energy Conversion and Management 45, no. 9-10 (June 2004): 1565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2003.09.003.

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21

K.H., Jyothiprakash, Krishnegowda Y.T., Krishna Venkataram, and K. N. Seetharamu. "Effect of ambient heat-in-leak on the performance of three-fluid cross-flow heat exchanger." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 28, no. 9 (September 3, 2018): 2012–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-05-2017-0205.

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Purpose Heat exchangers working in cryogenic temperature ranges are strongly affected by heat ingression from the ambient. This paper aims to investigate the effect of ambient heat-in-leak on the performance of a three-fluid cross-flow cryogenic heat exchanger. Design/methodology/approach The governing equations are derived for a three-fluid cross-flow cryogenic heat exchanger based on the conservation of energy principle. For given fluid inlet temperatures, the governing equations are solved using the finite element method to obtain exit temperatures of the three-fluid exchanger. The performance of the heat exchanger is determined using effectiveness-number of transfer units (e-NTU) method. In the present analysis, the amount of ambient heat-in-leak to the heat exchanger is accounted by two parameters Ht and Hb. The variation of the heat exchanger effectiveness due to ambient heat-in-leak is analyzed for various non-dimensional parameters defined to study the heat exchanger performance. Findings The effect of ambient heat in leak to the heat exchanger from the surrounding is to increase the dimensionless exit mean temperature of all three fluids. An increase in heat in leak parameter (Ht = Hb) value from 0 to 0.1 reduces hot fluid effectiveness by 32 per cent for an NTU value of 10. Originality Value The effect of heat-in-leak on a three-fluid cross-flow cryogenic heat exchanger is significant, but so far, no investigations are carried out. The results establish the efficacy of the method and throw light on important considerations involved in the design of such heat exchangers.

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22

Chennu, Ranganayakulu. "Numerical analysis of compact plate-fin heat exchangers for aerospace applications." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 28, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-08-2016-0313.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to find the thermo-hydraulic performances of compact heat exchangers (CHE’s), which are strongly depending upon the prediction of performance of various types of heat transfer surfaces such as offset strip fins, wavy fins, rectangular fins, triangular fins, triangular and rectangular perforated fins in terms of Colburn “j” and Fanning friction “f” factors. Design/methodology/approach Numerical methods play a major role for analysis of compact plate-fin heat exchangers, which are cost-effective and fast. This paper presents the on-going research and work carried out earlier for single-phase steady-state heat transfer and pressure drop analysis on CHE passages and fins. An analysis of a cross-flow plate-fin compact heat exchanger, accounting for the individual effects of two-dimensional longitudinal heat conduction through the exchanger wall, inlet fluid flow maldistribution and inlet temperature non-uniformity are carried out using a Finite Element Method (FEM). Findings The performance deterioration of high-efficiency cross-flow plate-fin compact heat exchangers have been reviewed with the combined effects of wall longitudinal heat conduction and inlet fluid flow/temperature non-uniformity using a dedicated FEM analysis. It is found that the performance deterioration is quite significant in some typical applications due to the effects of wall longitudinal heat conduction and inlet fluid flow non-uniformity on cross-flow plate-fin heat exchangers. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program FLUENT has been used to predict the design data in terms of “j” and “f” factors for plate-fin heat exchanger fins. The suitable design data are generated using CFD analysis covering the laminar, transition and turbulent flow regimes for various types of fins. Originality/value The correlations for the friction factor “f” and Colburn factor “j” have been found to be good. The correlations can be used by the heat exchanger designers and can reduce the number of tests and modification of the prototype to a minimum for similar applications and types of fins.

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23

Chinyoka, T. "Modeling of cross-flow heat exchangers with viscoelastic fluids." Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications 10, no. 6 (December 2009): 3353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nonrwa.2008.10.069.

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24

Danilov, Yu B., and V. V. Drozdov. "Increasing the efficiency of plate cross-flow heat exchangers." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 46, no. 4 (October 16, 2010): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-010-0222-7.

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25

Ataer, Ö. E., A. İleri, and Y. Göǧüş. "Transient behaviour of finned-tube cross-flow heat exchangers." International Journal of Refrigeration 18, no. 3 (March 1995): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-7007(94)00002-f.

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26

Mangrulkar, Chidanand K., Ashwinkumar S. Dhoble, Sunil Chamoli, Ashutosh Gupta, and Vipin B. Gawande. "Recent advancement in heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in cross flow heat exchangers." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 113 (October 2019): 109220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.06.027.

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27

Konukhov, V., S. Mukhanov, and G. Konukhova. "Optimal Shape Selection of Heat Exchangers Surfaces during Convective Heat Transfer." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 1337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1337.

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The article contains the results of a research in constructing of modern heat exchangers form of heat exchanging surfaces and modes of heat media flux, providing minimum area (size) of heat exchanging apparatus. Decreasing of heat-transferring area is achieved by using different techniques of intensification of convective heat exchange. Intensification of the heat exchange is accompanied by increasing of energy consumption for pumping the coolant. It is concluded that under the conditions of turbulent flow, the transport mechanism does not strongly depend on the shape of the perturbations introduced into the flow, while the tendency to approach the dependences is common to the curves for the considered surfaces, and the experimental data obtained on pipes with a periodic section of the flow cross-section along the length. Using surfaces creating channels with a greater coefficient of hydraulic resistance when creating a compact heat exchangers, which corresponds to surfaces for which the principle of trans-verse flow is realized.

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28

Lalovic, Milisav, Zarko Radovic, and Nada Jaukovic. "Characteristics of heat flow in recuperative heat exchangers." Chemical Industry 59, no. 9-10 (2005): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0510270l.

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A simplified model of heat flow in cross-flow tube recuperative heat exchangers (recuperators) was presented in this paper. One of the purposes of this investigation was to analyze changes in the values of some parameters of heat transfer in recuperators during combustion air preheating. The logarithmic mean temperature (Atm) and overall heat transfer coefficient (U), are two basic parameters of heat flow, while the total heated area surface (A) is assumed to be constant. The results, presented as graphs and in the form of mathematical expressions, were obtained by analytical methods and using experimental data. The conditions of gaseous fuel combustions were defined by the heat value of gaseous fuel Qd = 9263.894 J.m-3, excess air ratio ?= 1.10, content of oxygen in combustion air ?(O2) = 26%Vol, the preheating temperature of combustion air (cold fluid outlet temperature) tco = 100-500?C, the inlet temperature of combustion products (hot fluid inlet temperature) thi = 600-1100?C.

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29

Diani, Andrea, Luisa Rossetto, Roberto Dall’Olio, Daniele De Zen, and Filippo Masetto. "Heat and Mass Transfer to Air in a Cross Flow Heat Exchanger with Surface Deluge Cooling." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 24, no. 01 (March 2016): 1650002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132516500024.

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Cross flow heat exchangers, when applied to cool data center rooms, use external air (process air) to cool the air stream coming from the data center room (primary air). However, an air–air heat exchanger is not enough to cope with extreme high heat loads in critical conditions (high external temperature). Therefore, water can be sprayed in the process air to increase the heat dissipation capability (wet mode). Water evaporates, and the heat flow rate is transferred to the process air as sensible and latent heat. This paper proposes an analytical approach to predict the behavior of a cross flow heat exchanger in wet mode. The theoretical results are then compared to experimental tests carried out on a real machine in wet mode conditions. Comparisons are given in terms of calculated versus experimental heat flow rate and evaporated water mass flow rate, showing a good match between theoretical and experimental values.

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30

Taler, Dawid. "Experimental determination of correlations for mean heat transfer coefficients in plate fin and tube heat exchangers." Archives of Thermodynamics 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-012-0014-z.

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Abstract This paper presents a numerical method for determining heat transfer coefficients in cross-flow heat exchangers with extended heat exchange surfaces. Coefficients in the correlations defining heat transfer on the liquid- and air-side were determined using a nonlinear regression method. Correlation coefficients were determined from the condition that the sum of squared liquid and air temperature differences at the heat exchanger outlet, obtained by measurements and those calculated, achieved minimum. Minimum of the sum of the squares was found using the Levenberg-Marquardt method. The uncertainty in estimated parameters was determined using the error propagation rule by Gauss. The outlet temperature of the liquid and air leaving the heat exchanger was calculated using the analytical model of the heat exchanger.

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31

Silaipillayarputhur, Karthik, Tawfiq Al-Mughanam, and Abdulelah I. Al-Niniya. "Sensible Performance Analysis of Multi-Pass Cross Flow Heat Exchangers." MATEC Web of Conferences 108 (2017): 11002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710811002.

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32

Harris, C., K. Kelly, Tao Wang, A. McCandless, and S. Motakef. "Fabrication, modeling, and testing of micro-cross-flow heat exchangers." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 11, no. 6 (December 2002): 726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jmems.2002.806025.

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33

Chang, Ho-Myung, Kyung Hyun Gwak, Hyung Suk Yang, and Si-Dole Hwang. "Cross-flow heat exchangers for anti-freezing of liquid nitrogen." Cryogenics 57 (October 2013): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2013.06.003.

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34

Beziel, M., and K. Stephan. "Temperature distribution in the outlet of cross-flow heat exchangers." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 38, no. 2 (January 1995): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(95)90033-0.

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35

An, Cheen Su, and Man-Hoe Kim. "Thermo-hydraulic analysis of multi-row cross-flow heat exchangers." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 120 (May 2018): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.12.088.

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36

Taler, Dawid, Marcin Trojan, and Jan Taler. "Mathematical modelling of tube heat exchangers with complex flow arrangement." Chemical and Process Engineering 32, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10176-011-0001-y.

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Mathematical modelling of tube heat exchangers with complex flow arrangement General principles of mathematical modelling of transient heat transfer in cross-flow tube heat exchangers with complex flow arrangements which allow a simulation of multipass heat exchangers with many tube rows are presented. First, a system of differential equations for the transient temperature of both fluids and the tube wall with appropriate boundary and initial conditions is formulated. Two methods for modelling heat exchangers are developed using the finite difference method and finite volume method. A numerical model of multipass steam superheater with twelve passes is presented. The calculation results are compared with the experimental data.

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37

Sano, Y., F. Kuwahara, M. Mobedi, and A. Nakayama. "Effects of thermal dispersion on heat transfer in cross-flow tubular heat exchangers." Heat and Mass Transfer 48, no. 1 (July 22, 2011): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-011-0865-x.

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Nonino, Carlo, and Stefano Savino. "Numerical investigation on the performance of cross-flow micro heat exchangers." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 26, no. 3/4 (May 3, 2016): 745–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-09-2015-0393.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold: to describe a relevant improvement to an in-house FEM procedure for the heat transfer analysis of cross-flow micro heat exchangers and to study the influence of microchannel cross-sectional geometry and solid wall thermal conductivity on the thermal performance of these microdevices. Design/methodology/approach – The velocity field in each microchannel is calculated separately. Then the energy equation is solved in the whole computational domain. Domain decomposition and grids that do not match at the common interface are employed to make meshing more effective. Some flow maldistribution effects are taken into account. Findings – The results show that larger thermal conductivities of the solid walls and rectangular cross-sectional geometries with higher aspect ratios allow the maximization of the total heat flow rate in the device. However, on the basis of the heat transfer per unit pumping power, the square cross-section could be the best option. Research limitations/implications – The value of the average viscosity is assumed to be different in different microchannels, but constant within each of the microchannels. Practical implications – The procedure can represent a valuable tool for the design of cross-flow micro heat exchangers. Originality/value – In spite of requiring limited computational resources, the improved procedure can take into account flow maldistribution effects stemming from non-uniform microchannel temperatures.

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Taler, Dawid, Marcin Trojan, and Jan M. Taler. "Mathematical Modeling of Cross-Flow Tube Heat Exchangers With a Complex Flow Arrangement." Heat Transfer Engineering 35, no. 14-15 (March 4, 2014): 1334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2013.876874.

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WU, S. Y., X. F. YUAN, Y. R. Li, and L. PENG. "EXERGY TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS ON LOW TEMPERATURE HEAT EXCHANGERS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 18n19 (July 30, 2007): 3503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207044846.

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By analyzing exergy transfer process of the low temperature heat exchangers operating below the surrounding temperature, the concept of exergy transfer coefficient is put forward and the expressions which involving relevant variables for the exergy transfer coefficient, the heat transfer units number and the ratio of cold to hot fluids heat capacity rate, etc. are derived. Taking the parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow low temperature heat exchangers as examples, the numerical results of exergy transfer coefficient are given and the comparison of exergy transfer coefficient with heat transfer coefficient is analyzed.

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Stransky, David, Ivana Kabelkova, Vojtech Bares, Gabriela Stastna, and Zbigniew Suchorab. "Suitability of combined sewers for the installation of heat exchangers." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0006.

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AbstractThe present paper deals with the classification of the suitability of combined sewers for the installation of heat exchangers and with assessment of the theoretical potential of wastewater in the sewer system for heating of buildings. A classification scheme involving criteria like theoretically available heat, sewer diameter, number of the heat exchanger parallel modules in the sewer cross-section, hydraulic conditions (hydraulic capacity of the sewer, pressurized flow), and potential fouling by biofilm growth was developed. First, individual sewers in the pilot catchment were assessed based on monitoring the flow characteristics and wastewater temperatures and on pipe flow modelling. Second, connectivity of the suitable and partly suitable sewers was examined with respect to the length necessary for the installation of the heat exchanger with the minimum required power of 100 kW. For the continuous sewer sections, the maximum potential power was calculated. The presented approach is generally applicable, however, for other heat exchanger types and other climatic and economic conditions, values of the suitability criteria for the heat exchanger installation must be adapted.

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Magazoni, Felipe Costa, Luben Cabezas-Gómez, Pablo Fariñas Alvariño, and José Maria Sáiz-Jabardo. "Closed form relationships of temperature effectiveness of cross-flow heat exchangers." Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 9 (March 2019): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2018.11.005.

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Roetzel, W., and X. Luo. "Thermal design of multi-fluid mixed-mixed cross-flow heat exchangers." Heat and Mass Transfer 46, no. 10 (September 26, 2010): 1077–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-010-0682-7.

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Starace, G., M. Fiorentino, M. P. Longo, and E. Carluccio. "A hybrid method for the cross flow compact heat exchangers design." Applied Thermal Engineering 111 (January 2017): 1129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.018.

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Mortean, M. V. V., K. V. Paiva, and M. B. H. Mantelli. "Diffusion bonded cross-flow compact heat exchangers: Theoretical predictions and experiments." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 110 (December 2016): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2016.07.010.

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Soleimanikutanaei, Soheil, C. X. Lin, and Dexin Wang. "Modeling and simulation of cross-flow transport membrane condenser heat exchangers." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 95 (July 2018): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2018.04.002.

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Kim, Minsung, Young-Jin Baik, Seong-Ryong Park, Ho-Sang Ra, and Hyug Lim. "Experimental study on corrugated cross-flow air-cooled plate heat exchangers." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 34, no. 8 (November 2010): 1265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2010.05.007.

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Bury, Tomasz, and Małgorzata Hanuszkiewicz Drapała. "Evaluation of selected methods of the heat transfer coefficient determination in fin-and-tube cross-flow heat exchangers." MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824002004.

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The work is a part of a thermodynamic analysis of a finned cross-flow heat exchanger of the liquid-gas type. The heat transfer coefficients on the liquid and the gas side and the area of the heat transfer are the main parameters describing such a device. The basic problem in computations of such heat exchangers is determination of the coefficient of the heat transfer from the finned surfaces to the gas. The differences in the heat transfer coefficient local values resulting from the non-uniform flow of mediums through the exchanger complicates the analysis additionally. Six Nusselt number relationships are selected as suitable for the considered heat exchanger, and they are used to calculate the heat transfer coefficient for the air temperature ranging from 10°C to 30°C and for the velocity values ranging from 2 m/s to 20 m/s. In the next step, the gas-side heat transfer coefficient is determined by means of numerical simulations using a numerical model of a repetitive fragment of the heat exchanger under consideration. Finally, the Wilson plot method is also used. The work focuses on an analysis of the in-house HEWES code sensitivity to the method of the heat transfer coefficient determination. The authors believe that the analysis may also be useful for the evaluation of different methods of the heat transfer coefficient computation.

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Jradi, Rania, Christophe Marvillet, and Mohamed Razak Jeday. "Study of fouling in graphite blocks (cross flow) heat exchanger of phosphoric acid concentration process." MATEC Web of Conferences 330 (2020): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202033001038.

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Fouling in phosphoric acid concentration process of preheat exchangers is a chronic operational problem that compromises energy recovery in these systems. Progress is hindered by the lack of quantitative knowledge of the dynamic effects of fouling on heat exchanger transfer. The subject of this work is an experimental determination of the thermal fouling resistance in the graphite blocks heat exchanger installed in a phosphoric acid concentration process. By measuring the inlet and outlet temperatures and mass flows of fluids, the overall heat transfer coefficient has been determined. Determining the overall heat transfer coefficient for the heat exchanger with clean and fouled surfaces, the fouling resistance was calculated. The results obtained from the heat exchanger studied, show that the fouling resistance increase with time presenting an exponential evolution in agreement with the model suggested by Kern and Seaton, with the existence of fluctuation caused by the instability of the flow rate and the temperature. Bad cleaning of the heat exchanger involves the absence of the induction period and consequently, causes high values of the fouling resistance and of the deposit fouling during a relatively short period of time.

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Dubrovsky, Vitaly V., and Aleksandr A. Shraiber. "Heat Exchange Between Air and a Liquid Film Flowing Down Along a Profiled Surface." International Journal of Heat and Technology 38, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.380306.

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The laws of heat exchange between air and a liquid film flowing down along a solid surface with spherical dimples were investigated experimentally. Three cases of heat transfer were considered: quiescent air, air – liquid counter flow, or their cross flow. In all cases, a significant growth of the heat exchange intensity, especially at air – liquid cross flow, was observed. This is caused by the substantial turbulization of flow and mixing of liquid layers in the film. As a result, it was established that surface profiling (manufacture of dimples) under the optimal conditions leads to an increase in heat exchange intensity by an unexpended factor of 2.5 – 2.8 as compared with a smooth surface, other conditions being equal. The obtained experimental data were generalized in the form of dimensionless dependences Nu vs. Re. The best heat transfer surface can be recommended for use in different heat exchangers.

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