Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cross-examination'
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1
Henderson, Lorenza Emily Preston. "Cross-examination : a critical examination." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251482.
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Zenker, Renate Andrea Ruth. "Understanding music cross-culturally : philosophical examination." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12395.
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This dissertation presents a philosophical examination of an
important question in music education: What does it mean to
understand the music of our own culture or the music of another
culture? It begins with a conceptual analysis of understanding,
an analysis that reveals understanding has many different senses
and that it involves a multidimensional range of considerations.
The work presents an overview, summary, and analysis of various
arguments, from both the Western and cross-cultural perspective,
concerning what understanding music means. The literature and the
arguments from the cross-cultural perspective are situated in the
important debate of whether there are generic musical
characteristics that can help us understand the music of non-
Western cultures, characteristics shared by Western music, or if
we can only understand the music of each culture based in the
study of that culture. I argue that there has been an artificial
"gap" created between understanding Western art music and
understanding the music of other cultures. Based on my analysis
of understanding, and the issues raised by the literature, I
present a multidimensional and interrelated set of factors
involved in understanding music cross-culturally. These factors
are: elements (including expressive elements), concepts,
terminology, internal/external musical context/structure,
culture, listening, hearing, performing, and personal
experiences, among others. This range of considerations is supported by philosophical literature on the general nature of
understanding and attempts to resolve the tension between
understanding music through generic concepts and understanding
music through culture. The important point of the
multidimensional nature of understanding for music education is
that levels of sophistication of understanding are suggested and
that moving from a less sophisticated to a more sophisticated
level of understanding music should be a major aim of music
education. Finally, I consider the educational implications of my
range of considerations. Teaching for understanding music crossculturally
involves both "top down" (teaching music through
concepts) and "bottom up" (teaching music through culture)
approaches. It also includes all the ways in which we engage
ourselves with music: listening, performing, composing,
improvising, and reading.
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Linz, Alec. "A Cross-Examination of Global Homicide Rates." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1274.
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Homicide rates have become a growing concern worldwide, yet many countries lack the proper resources and materials to adequately and efficiently report the data. While homicide rates on a global scale have had a history of lacking datasets and misreporting, the UNODC’s Global Study on Homicide 2013 aimed to identify some key factors and variables that trigger spikes or drops in homicide rates. This paper will focus on analyzing data from both the UNODC and World Bank to identify more factors that explain the levels and changes in homicide rates from 2006-2011. While this paper is not successful in explaining all determinants, it does find that variables relating to income distribution and population prove to be better explanatory variables of homicide.
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O'Neill, Sarah Christine, and n/a. "Factors influencing children�s responses to cross-examination questioning." University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090428.150450.
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Under an adversarial legal system, witnesses� testimony may be challenged by the opposing lawyer during cross-examination. Cross-examination has been shown to negatively affect the accuracy of children�s event reports, but as yet, the mechanisms driving this effect are unknown.
Experiment 1 aimed to tease apart the roles of question type and repeated interviewing in mediating children�s cross-examination performance. Five- and 6-year-olds (N = 82) and 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 103) took part in a staged event, and 1 to 2 days later they took part in a direct examination interview. Next, either 1 to 3 days or 6 months later, all children were interviewed for a second time. For half of the children, this second interview was a repeat of their direct examination interview. The remaining children were interviewed in a cross-examination format. A second interview reduced response accuracy after both short and long delays, however, cross-examination questioning impaired the accuracy of children�s reports the most.
Although, overall, children have considerable difficulty answering cross-examination questions correctly, variation in their performance has been observed. Experiment 2 assessed whether individual differences in cognitive abilities mediate cross-examination performance. Five- and 6-year-olds (N = 116) and 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 58) visited the police station and subsequently reported their experiences in direct examination and cross-examination interviews. Children�s memory, receptive language ability, expressive language ability, and intelligence were also measured. Age, intelligence, and memory predicted aspects of cross-examination performance. Overall, these cognitive factors accounted for between 16.6% and 19.5% of the variance in cross-examination outcome measures.
Given the negative effect of cross-examination on children�s responding, and our inability to identify the children who are most at risk of poor performance during this interview, Experiment 3 assessed our ability to facilitate children�s responding to cross-examination questioning. Specifically, the effect of manipulating the timing of a pre-trial intervention, which gives children practice and feedback at cross-examination questioning, was investigated. Five- and 6-year-olds (N = 88) and 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 108) visited the police station. One to 3 days later they completed the direct examination interview and 6 months after the event, children were cross-examined. The timing of the preparation intervention was varied (1-day, 1-week, 1-month before cross-examination), and the children�s subsequent cross-examination performance was compared to that of children in the control group. When the preparation intervention was delivered 1 day or 1 week before the cross-examination interview, children�s cross-examination performance was significantly improved.
The findings from the three experiments suggest that cross-examination is likely to pose considerable problems for children, especially younger children. Our greater understanding of factors that influence children�s responding to cross-examination questioning may guide reform of the cross-examination process for child witnesses. Bottom-up initiatives, such as pre-trial preparation, and top-down changes, including educating professionals, expert testimony, and reducing the delay to cross-examination, may improve the reliability of child witnesses� testimony during cross-examination.
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Swann, Natalie. "A cross-generational narrative examination of women's career journeys." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1566783.
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The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine women's career journeys and how these journeys vary by generational cohort. Sixteen women wage-earners were interviewed to examine women's career journeys and how these journeys vary by generation. Specifically, the internal and external barriers to and facilitators of women's career advancement, success and fulfillment were examined. The women reported five influencers on their career choices: mentors or role models, work-life balance considerations, passions and interests, financial needs, and hostile work environments. The process of career planning and exploration the women described was consistent across the generations and included a period of exploration, failure of their initial plans leading to continued exploration or limbo, and their avocations and careers ultimately seeming to unfold naturally.
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Coutler, David Erskine. "A cross-cultural examination of the Outward Bound movement." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301772.
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Rossberg, Max A. E. (Max Alexander Ernst) Carleton University Dissertation Management Studies. "An examination of cross-national differences in organizational culture." Ottawa, 1989.
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Wheatcroft, Jacqueline Mary. "Some influences of courtroom questioning styles on eyewitness confidence and accuracy." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250313.
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Hall, Kara L. "A meta-analytic examination of decisional balance across stage transitions : a cross-sectional analysis and cross-sequential cross-validation /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3145423.
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Gaines, Phil. "Cross purposes : a critical analysis of the representational force of questions in adversarial legal examination /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9431.
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Crutcher, Betty Neal. "Cross-Cultural Mentoring: An Examination of the Perspectives of Mentors." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1151683574.
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Comer, Eliza. "Perceived Entitlement Among Amillenials Versus Baby Boomers: A Cross-Generational Examination." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6834.
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As the Millennial workforce grows, understanding how Millennials are viewed specifically in terms of entitlement - is an issue that merits attention, since perceived entitlement could negatively impact the extent to which an individual's contributions are valued in the workplace. While prior research suggests that Millennials are entitled (Allen 2015; Fisk 2010; Myers 2010), it neglects how perceptions of entitlement may differ across generations. We aim to address this gap by examining whether Baby Boomers and Millennials differ in their perceptions of what constitutes entitled behavior. Specifically, we test whether an individual's age, together with situational factors, may influence the extent to which an identical behavior is perceived as entitled.
We addressed our research question in three stages that involved multiple research methods. First, we reviewed the existing literature on entitlement to better understand what behaviors are typical of individuals who are viewed as entitled. Second, we conducted exploratory research to understand qualitative differences that may exist in perceptions of entitlement by running four focus groups comprised of either Baby Boomers or Millennials. Third, leveraging the focus group findings, we performed an experiment involving over 400 participants across the United States to test our hypotheses regarding generational differences in perceptions of entitlement.
Consistent with prior research that Millennials are more entitled than other generations, our focus group results suggested that Millennials are viewed as more entitled than other generations, both by themselves and by Baby Boomers. Similarly, our experimental results did not reveal a difference across generations in perceptions of what constitutes entitled behavior. Together, these findings suggest that behaviors judged to constitute entitlement are viewed similarly across generations, and may be exhibited more frequently among Millennial s than Baby Boomers.
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Loeliger, Jennifer Blankenburg. "Japanese paddy field landscapes, a cross-cultural examination of scenic preferences." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61919.pdf.
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Bettenay, Caroline. "Memory under cross-examination of children with and without intellectual disabilities." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570867.
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Little research exists into children‘s performance under cross-examination (Zajac, 2009). No research is available on the resilience to cross-examination of children with Intellectual Disabilities (ID), nor with Borderline ID, and these children rarely get their day in court (Kebbell & Hatton, 1999). This thesis explored the factors influencing children‘s performance in two forensically relevant interview situations, as a function of their level of cognitive ability. Children with ID and Borderline ID were compared to typically developing children of the same chronological age on their abilities to produce gist and verbatim evidence in interviews utilising the Achieving Best Evidence (ABE; Home Office 2007) protocol. Children with ID committed more errors and provided less verbatim information than their typically developing peers, however no differences were found with gist recall, and they matched their mental age counterparts on all measures. No differences in performance were found between the Borderline ID group and the typically developing children of the same age on any measure. After a realistic delay of 10 months (mimicking the conditions in real world court systems), and using barristers-in-training to conduct the sessions, mock cross-examinations (N=86) were undertaken to determine the relative resilience to cross-examination of these vulnerable groups. Children with ID and Borderline ID did not differ overall in their resilience to cross-examination, and were no more likely to change their responses to earlier testimony than typically developing children of the same age. One area of weakness in those with ID mirrored that of their evidence-in chief; children were less likely t o withstand cross-examination on verbatim details when challenged on true versus false events compared to typically developing children of the same age, and Page 10 of 323 those with Borderline ID. Standardised measures of anxiety and suggestibility were shown to correlate with some measures of performance in both interviews, and the findings are discussed. Children with Borderline ID equalled their typically developing peers on all cross-examination measures.
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Schworm, Stephanie [Verfasser]. "Career Success : A Cross-context Examination / Stephanie Schworm ; ESCP Business School." Berlin : ESCP Europe Wirtschaftshochschule Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213849381/34.
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Righarts, Saskia Anne, and n/a. "Reducing the negative effect of cross-examination questioning on the accuracy of children�s reports." University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080827.093855.
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A growing body of research suggests that cross-examination may be detrimental to the accuracy of children�s event reports. The primary goal of the present research was to investigate three specific ways in which the negative effect of cross-examination could be reduced.
Experiment 1 examined the effect of reducing the delay between the collection of the primary evidence and cross-examination. Five- and 6-year-old children (N = 76) took part in a staged event and were interviewed 1 to 2 days later. In this interview, children were asked to recall everything they could remember about the event. Children were then asked specific yes/no questions. Next, either 1 to 3 days or 8 months later, all children were interviewed for a second time in a cross-examination format. The 8-month delay was equivalent to the average delay experienced by children in New Zealand courts (Lash, 1995). The aim of the cross-examination interview was to talk the children out of their original responses, irrespective of the accuracy of their original account. Cross-examination questioning had a significant negative effect on the accuracy of children�s reports, regardless of timing. That is, children cross-examined soon after the memory event performed no better than those who were cross-examined after an 8-month delay. Furthermore, one week after cross-examination, children were interviewed again. The purpose of this interview was to establish whether children actually believed the responses they had given during cross-examination. During this interview, many children reversed what they had said during cross-examination, indicating that the responses they had given during cross-examination were due primarily to compliance to authority.
Given the finding that compliance to authority played a significant role in children�s cross-examination performance in Experiment 1, Experiment 2 addressed whether a pre-interview intervention aimed to decrease compliance would reduce the negative impact of cross-examination. Five- and 6-year-old children (n = 59) and 9- and 10-year-old children (n = 62) participated in the same staged event and were interviewed for their primary evidence as in Experiment 1. Prior to the cross-examination interview, however, some children were warned that the interviewer might ask some questions which were tricky and that it was okay to tell her that she was wrong. Warning children prior to the cross-examination interview did not reduce the negative impact of cross-examination for either age group, even when the warning was delivered by the cross-examining interviewer.
Experiment 3 addressed whether a more intensive pre-interview intervention could reduce the negative impact of cross-examination. Using the same experimental procedures as Experiment 2, half of the 5- and 6-year-old children (n = 77) and 9- and 10-year-old children (n = 87) received a practice and feedback session with cross-examination type questions prior to the target interview. While cross-examination still resulted in a decrease in children�s accuracy, children in the preparation condition performed significantly better than the control children.
Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the negative effect of cross-examination is highly robust and that compliance appears to be the underlying mechanism responsible for this. A practice and feedback session targeting the factors that contribute to compliance reduced, but did not eliminate, the negative effect of this questioning style. Therefore, children�s accuracy may be facilitated to some extent by cross-examination preparation prior to testifying.
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Sieh, Dan. "A theological examination of Jesus' activities following his death on the cross." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.
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Lee, Sangwon. "A cross-country analysis of ubiquitous broadband deployment examination of adoption factors /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0022611.
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Rojas, Jorge Alberto Chavez. "The impact of capitalism and materialism on generosity : a cross-national examination." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1305.
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The aim of this dissertation is to analyze how modernization theory of values change and capitalist ideology affect individuals' attitudes toward generosity. Because generosity is a concept rooted in our human value system, it would be worthwhile attempting to explain the interplay between individuals' values and larger socio-economic environment. From modernization theory explanations of values change, it is expected that noble, higher-order values such as generosity will receive more approval and support as economic pressures decline as result of economic development. However, individuals' values are also being influenced by principles of the specific type of economic ideology embraced in each country around the world. This study will explain how the different types of capitalist ideology impact individuals' values. In relation to these, it is suggested that the notion of `economic ideology' should be taken into consideration as a factor interacting with the modernization thesis of values change in influencing individuals' predisposition toward generosity. An economic ideology motivates behavior and determines norms for many human interactions. In this study, `economic ideology' is constructed as the interaction between capitalism characteristics and materialistic values. One hypothesis suggests that capitalism is negatively correlated with the emergence or advancement of generosity. A second hypothesis, examines whether the effect of capitalism is moderated through the presence of materialistic values or specific type of economic ideology. Within this enquiry the study uses a cross-national and a multilevel approach that mainly concentrates on the analysis of the World Values Survey which presents a broad examination of cross-national differences. The results indicate the validity of the economic ideology effect. Initially, at the individual level capitalism is associated significantly, albeit weakly, to generosity. When this relationship is allowed to vary across countries, then capitalism coefficient is not significant. Nevertheless, when the original argument about the influence of the economic ideology on individuals' values is considered, the new model modifies the previously reported results. The capitalism coefficient not only turns out to be significant, but also changes the direction of its coefficient demonstrating the moderating effect of the economic ideology hypothesis.
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Pinsky, David J. "A cross-secitional [i.e. cross-sectional] examination of differential social support for alcohol use within college students' social networks." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/pinskyd/davidpinsky.pdf.
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Dumani, Msebenzi. "Aspects of expert evidence in the criminal justice system." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/435.
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The rule excluding evidence of opinion is traditionally stated in broad and general terms, subject to a more or less closed list of exemptions. Stephen says that a witness’s opinion is “deemed to be irrelevant”. A witness may depose to the facts which he has observed, but he may not ordinarily state any inferences which he has drawn from those facts, or opinions founded upon facts of which he has no personal knowledge. The general rule is that the evidence of opinion or belief of a witness is irrelevant because it is the function of a court to draw inferences and form its opinion from the facts; the witnesses give evidence as to the facts and the court forms its opinion from those facts. The opinion of an expert is admissible if it is relevant. It will be relevant if the witness’s skill, training or experience enables him materially to assist the court on matters in which the court itself does not usually have the necessary knowledge to decide. Where the topic is such that an ordinary judicial officer could be expected to be able, unassisted, to draw an inference, expert evidence is superfluous. In principle, there is no rule that a witness cannot give his opinion on an issue that the court has to decide ultimately. It is not experts alone who may give their opinions on ultimate issues but, in practice, there is a strong tendency to regard the evidence of lay persons on ultimate issues as constituting prima facie evidence only. If such lay testimony remains unchallenged, it may be of greater significance. It is generally true that relevant evidence is admissible and irrelevant evidence is inadmissible. At this stage the following question may be posed: is the opinion of any witness – whether from an expert or lay person – admissible evidence? Should an opinion be admitted for purposes of persuading the court to rely on it in deciding the issue at hand? The basic answer is that relevance remains the fundamental test for admissibility. Certain issues simply cannot be decided without expert guidance. Expert opinion evidence is therefore readily received on issues relating to ballistics, engineering, chemistry, medicine, accounting and psychiatry, to mention only a few examples. The problem which arises is this: what is the best way of cross-examining the expert witness? Although the concept of skilful cross-examination conjures up the image of the crossexaminer destroying the expert witness in the witness box, total annihilation of expert evidence in court occurs only rarely. In reality, lawyers who are expected to cross-examine experts are often at a disadvantage in that they do not possess sufficient in-depth knowledge of the specific field of expertise to enable them to cross-examine the witness. Despite the expert nature of the evidence, it is suggested that the true basis of crossexamination should not be abandoned when dealing with experts. The effectiveness of crossexamination is enhanced by keeping the number of questions to a minimum as well as opening and concluding with good strong points. At the outset it should be mentioned that there is a distinction between matters of scientific fact and matters of mere opinion. On matters of scientific fact experts seldom differ but within the province of opinion one encounters difficulties. Lengthy cross-examination concerning expert’s theoretical knowledge is usually inefficient and should rarely be attempted. Cross-examination should be directed at pure logic or scientific analysis. The cross-examiner should always have relevant authority with him in court so as to confront the expert with these. The whole effect of the testimony of an expert witness can also be destroyed by putting the witness to test at the trial as to his qualifications, his experience and his ability and discriminations as an expert. A failure to meet this test renders his evidence nugatory.
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Al-Ansari, Bader Ibrahim. "A cross-situational and a cross-cultural examination of shyness using aggregation and act frequency approaches in Britain and Kuwait." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=124211.
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The purpose of the present investigation was to examine cross-situational consistency and cultural similarities and differences in shyness as a personality trait assessed through aggregation methods and act frequency methods. The first chapter describes our first aim of the investigation using the aggregation approach as a behavioural technique for studying the cross-situational consistency of personality. This involves comparison of the correlation of single ratings with the aggregate of other ratings for the shyness trait which results in higher agreement between self-other ratings across the two cultures. The second aim was to examine the existence of cultural and sex differences. The results offered support for the existence of cultural differences across the shyness measures. However, the data showed inconsistent sex differences across cultures. In the second chapter, we have examined another behavioural technique or another formal aggregation in studying the cross-situational and the cross-cultural examination of shyness assessed through act frequency methods which revealed substantial differences between the two cultures in the performance of act categories. In the present study, 100 acts for each pole of shyness dimension were generated through nomination procedures separately for each culture. The prototypicality of the shyness and unshyness acts for the respective poles of the dimension was judged by expert and college students panel. Substantial agreement in these ratings exists within and between poles. In this manner, the internal structure of the act category was specified. In the main study the validities of these scales (act categories) were investigated using the multiple act criterion based on the most prototypical acts. These acts were predicted with greater success than multiple act criterion based on the least prototypical acts in each acts category for both cultures by personality scales.
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Bachev, Petar. "The organisational structuring of cross sector partnerships : an empirical examination of two cross sector partnerships in the Humber region, UK." Thesis, University of Hull, 2018. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16886.
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The last couple of decades have marked an increasing interest in what are now widely called cross sector partnerships (CSPs) between businesses, governments and not-for-profits. The extant literature generally refers to these partnerships as mechanisms for addressing social and environmental challenges. Indeed, CSPs are often depicted as 'instruments' that help societies fight various societal problems such as poverty, pollution, and homelessness. The existing literature offers a variety of explanations on what motivates and shapes the dynamics of CSPs. In this respect, the main goal is to categorise the specific factors that shape the scope and nature of CSPs. Yet, despite the valuable insights which the existing body of knowledge provides, little is still known about the relational processual emergence of CSPs; in particular, their relational interconnectedness within the wider organisational practices of the partnering organisations. As such, there is an urgent need to develop more processual understandings of the becoming nature of CSPs as social processes. In this regard, the following study sets out to develop a specific process approach, based on what is widely known as process thinking, in order to build a more dynamic understanding of the emergence of CSPs. To this end, the study draws on key process thinking concepts and deploys a theoretical framework to guide the research process. Accordingly, the study also develops a specific qualitative process-based research methodology which helps identify and explore the bundles of ongoing processes that construct and sustain CSP workings over time. The empirical material for the study was generated through semi-structured interviews and secondary sources. Both well-established as well as specifically developed analytical techniques were applied to construct the key themes of the research outcomes. The outcomes of the analysis attempt to shed light on the relational social dynamics that shape the emergence of CSPs. Furthermore, the findings also reflect upon the power dynamics in CSP workings and reveal how various narratives seek to legitimise or de-legitimise particular CSP activities. The study, thus, contributes to both theory and practice of CSPs by providing insights into the complex, dynamic and non-linear social complexities characterising the emergence of CSPs. Theoretically, it provides a different understanding from the mainstream conceptualisations of CSPs. At a practical level, the thesis provides rich insights into the unexpected events and contextual dynamics which influence the organisation and management of CSPs, thus offering valuable guidance for practitioners. In short, the overall main contribution of the thesis lies in its processually-informed empirical analysis of CSPs which not only invites us to explore the social dynamic emergence of CSP processes but also asks us to acknowledge the degree of novelty inherent in these processes.
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White, Rachel Susan. "Development During Middle School: An Ecological-Transactional, Cross-Section Examination of Early Adjustment." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5571.
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This study utilized an ecological framework to investigate the types of variables that influence adolescent adjustment during middle school and how influences change or stay the same depending on grade level. A cross-sectional approach was taken in which students entering the beginning of their Sixth Grade year and students nearing the end of their Eighth Grade year were administered a comprehensive questionnaire including items about psychological adjustment, parenting characteristics, community support characteristics, ethnic identity, acculturation status, and socio-economic status. Findings suggest that Sixth and Eighth Graders' experience of emotional and behavioral problems is influenced differently. This is particularly salient as it pertains to parenting support and acculturation variables. Findings support the notion that individualized, multi-systemic style interventions are valuable even within the developmental period of adolescence as important changes in risk and protective factors are taking place as one moves from early- to mid-adolescence.ID: 031001314; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Kimberly Renk.; Title from PDF title page (viewed March 25, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-154).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology; Clinical Psychology
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Reneau, Franz. "Junior Faculty Perceptions of their Doctoral Level Teaching Preparation: A Cross Disciplinary Examination." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1411.
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It seems reasonable to assume that the realization of the doctoral degree denotes that one is proficient in college teaching. However, the literature indicates that doctoral programs are failing to adequately prepare doctoral students for teaching in collegiate settings. The seminal work on doctoral student experiences suggests that doctoral programs are adequately preparing doctoral students for their research function, but concerns emerge around teacher preparation. Four bodies of literature inform this study: (a) the literature on the teaching role in higher education (b) the literature on doctoral students’ experiences as it relates to their teaching preparation (c) the literature on new faculty socialization (d) and the literature on the nature of academic disciplines and their differences as it relates to faculty work. The study fills a gap in the literature by examining junior faculty perceptions of their doctoral level teaching-related preparation by taking a cross disciplinary approach of eight disciplines (four high consensus and four low consensus). The omnibus question this study seeks to address is whether or not there are discipline differences in junior faculty perceptions of their doctoral level preparation for college teaching. The study employed a quantitative approach in collecting data using a survey design. The sample for the study was delimited to junior faculty in political science, sociology, psychology, economics, physics, chemistry, biology and geology from the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) Four-Year 1 institutions. An instrument developed by Hall (2007) which measures counselor educators’ perception of their doctoral level teaching preparation was modified for the purpose of data collection. Contact information for junior faculty in selected disciplines was collected from SREB Four-Year 1 institutions. Findings reveal an anti-teaching culture embedded within research institutions and also significant discipline differences in overall perceptions of doctoral level teaching preparation. The findings of this study provide higher education leaders and faculty with empirical results which could inform the training of doctoral students for their college teaching role.
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Casewell, Deborah Louise. "Wisdom or foolishness? : a critical examination of Eberhard Jüngel’s theology of the cross." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19533.
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The theology of Eberhard Jüngel endeavours to rethink the being of God and how humanity comes by knowledge of God from the crucifixion of Christ. By focusing on the crucifixion and resurrection of Christ, Jüngel proposes that a theology of the cross should be the basis of human knowledge of God as all can be said about the Trinity and christology must be said from the cross. As Jüngel holds that the humanity of Christ is the example and basis for humanity, the cross is also the source of information for Jüngel’s theological anthropology. This thesis seeks to determine whether Jüngel’s focus on the cross as the source of all theological knowledge results in a limited view of God, of Christ, and of humanity. In order to do this, the thesis looks at the history and context of Jüngel himself and why he is interested in basing a theology on the cross. The thesis also looks at the history of critical engagement with Jüngel, and the conclusions that those works have come to. The history of the theology of the cross is explored, from its provenance in Luther through to its rise during and after the Second World War. After detailing the history of the cross Jüngel’s own particular formulation is explicated, alongside Moltmann and Sölle who were the main exponents of a theology of the cross in Germany. Having done so, the effects of Jüngel’s theology of the cross on christology, the doctrine of God, and on anthropology are detailed, and it is argued that Jüngel’s theology of the cross restricts the activity of the person of Christ and that this restriction contradicts his emphasis on the perichoretic union of the Trinity, as well as restricting human action to a creative passivity. However, the thesis also explores the positive sides of Jüngel’s theology of the cross. Jüngel’s theology of the cross is the most theologically and philosophically rigorous of his time, and a theology of the cross is still needed as a normative control in theological thought. Furthermore, the thesis examines how Jüngel’s account of love can be used to advance his theology and repair some of the damage that the limits of his theology of the cross cause.
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Richardson, Benjamin Lee. "Examination of the Lateral Resistance of Cross-Laminated Timber in Panel-Panel Connections." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56969.
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Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) combines layers of dimension lumber in alternating grain direction to form a mass timber panel that can be used to create entire wall, floor and roof elements. The viability of CLT as an element to resist lateral forces from racking has been of great interest (Dujic et al. 2004, Blass and Fellmoser 2004, and Moosbrugger et al. 2006). However, most research to date has been conducted on full-scale wall panels connected with proprietary fasteners according to European Test Methods. Little research has focused on non-proprietary connections, including nails, bolts and lag screws. The behavior of CLT full-scale wall panels is dependent upon the individual connection properties including the panel-panel connections between adjoining CLT panels within the wall.
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the behavior of three small-scale CLT connection configurations using non-proprietary fasteners. Three different connections -LVL surface spline with lag screws, half-lap joint with lag screws, and butt joint with a steel plate fastened with nails - were tested in both monotonic and cyclic tests. In all, 30 connection tests were conducted, with 15 monotonic test and 15 cyclic tests. Connection strength, stiffness, and ductility were recorded for each connection. Experimental values were compared to National Design Specification for Wood Construction, or NDS (AWC 2012) predictions for connection strength.
Nailed steel plate connections yielded much greater loads and behaved in a more ductile manner than did the lag screwed connections. The surface spline and half-lap connections often failed in a catastrophic manner usually due to splitting of the spline and fastener failure. Experimental results were generally lower than predicted by the yield models for the surface spline and steel plate connections. The half-lap connection resulted in higher experimental results than predicted. A discussion of the connection strength for materials with a non-homogeneous grain direction is also included.Master of Science
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Ketron, Shannon M. "An Examination of Career Persistence Among Special Education Teachers in Cross-Categorical Settings." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179495310.
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Ducey, Adam J. "The Cross-National Generalizability of Biographical Data: An Examination within a Multinational Organization." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6493.
Full textAbstract:
In an increasingly interconnected economy, organizations are frequently operating beyond national borders. International partnerships, joint ventures, mergers, and acquisitions have expanded the labor market from a domestic to an international perspective. In this environment, multinational organizations demand cost-effective personnel selection tools to help them identify top talent from different countries, geographical regions, and cultures.
The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the global utility of biographical data inventories, a standardized self-report selection method that asks job applicants questions about prior behaviors and experiences. Results from two studies involving participants from 7 country clusters, across four continents, and two different occupational groups, managers and manufacturing technicians, provided evidence to support the hypothesis that the validity of biographical data inventories, empirically keyed in the United States, generalizes to all country clusters examined.
These results are important because they suggest that multinational organizations interested in deploying a single standardized selection system across geographical boundaries may want to consider including biographical data inventories, in addition to other commonly used instruments such as cognitive ability and personality assessments, to enhance the overall validity of their selection systems. This approach has the potential to reduce organizations’ costs related to developing, implementing, and maintaining selection processes while enabling them to manage their human capital efficiently by ensuring all new hires have the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to succeed on the job and contribute to their strategic objectives.
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Reid, Amanda S. "Trademark dilution law a cross-disciplinary examination of dilution and brand equity scholarship /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008360.
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Donkin, Susan. "The Evolution of Pre-Emption in Anti-Terrorism Law: A Cross-Jurisdictional Examination." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366216.
Full textAbstract:
Several scholars have identified an apparently new embrace of innovative pre-emptive control mechanisms developed in response to the post 9/11 world. In their opinion, the pre-emptive rationale has been used to justify the introduction of measures transcending preconceived categories of law, procedure, risk and emergency to deal with individuals or groups thought to pose a danger to the state or its citizens. The control order schemes introduced in the United Kingdom and Australia are a frequently cited example. Imposed on individuals against whom insufficient evidence to prosecute exists, control orders are controversial due to their departure from traditional criminal procedural safeguards. Restrictions and obligations, including lengthy curfews, are imposed on the basis of anticipated risk and without a finding of guilt, justified by the exceptional risk posed by terrorism and the need to protect the state and its people from a terrorist attack. Many have argued that the security paradigm is increasingly being adopted and normalised, thus changing the role of criminal law along the way. This transition is also evident in other areas of governance, expanding the boundaries of risk and uncertainty, creating hybrids of previously distinct areas of law, affecting the separation of powers, ultimately altering how emergencies and exceptions are conceived and implemented. Indeed, much of the debate around control orders stems from their hybrid nature, thus not fitting neatly into our ready-made categories of pre-conceptions about executive and judicial issuance, and civil and criminal frameworks.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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Henderson, Hayden. "An evaluation of English Crown Courts with and without special measures implemented in Section 28 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290213.
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This series of studies was the first to evaluate the effects of the Section 28 pilot study on the treatment of vulnerable child witnesses in English Crown Courts. Section 28 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act implemented mandatory Ground Rules Hearings, during which the judge, lawyers, and intermediary (if applicable) discussed appropriate accommodations to be made for child witnesses, following which the cross-examination could be pre-recorded. Analyses examined 43 cases that implemented the special measures ('Section 28' cases) and 44 cases that did not implement the special measures ('Non-Section 28' cases) that took place between 2012 and 2016. Analyses revealed that children in the Section 28 cases experienced less systemic delay than their counterparts. In addition, the trial preparation in the Section 28 cases was more thorough and this was associated with less risky questioning in the cross-examinations. However, younger children experienced longer delays and had fewer accommodations made for them than older children, regardless of condition. Additional analyses demonstrated that the forensic interviews replaced the evidence-in-chief in most cases almost entirely, with prosecutors asking few substantive questions. In the Section 28 cases, defense lawyers used fewer suggestive questions and asked less complex questions than Non-Section 28 defense lawyers. However, both types of lawyers still predominantly asked option-posing questions. Regardless of condition, defense lawyers asked fewer suggestive questions than their counterparts in other common-law countries and they asked younger children less complex questions. Results indicate that, although the Section 28 pilot study has not fixed all of the existing problems, it has significantly reduced systemic delay and improved the treatment of child witnesses in Crown Courts and thus should be rolled out nationally. As well, regardless of condition, English lawyers and judges seem receptive to recent special measures and appear to be effectively implementing them.
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Andrews, Samantha J. "Child witnesses in Scottish criminal courts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268512.
Full textAbstract:
Gathering evidence from young and vulnerable witnesses requires special care, and subjecting them to the traditional adversarial form of examination and cross-examination – often characterized by overly leading, complex, and confusing questioning – has come under increased scrutiny. The present program of research was designed to investigate: 1) four features of lawyers’ questioning techniques (question type [Chapter 1], linguistic complexity [Chapter 2], question repetition [Chapter 3], and question content [Chapter 4]), 2) how these parameters affected children’s responses (including an in-depth analysis of children’s propensity to express uncertainty [Chapter 5]), and 3) whether the children’s ages affected the ways they were questioned or how they responded. The sample of court transcripts was drawn from 36 trials involving 56 children aged 5 to 17 years old who testified about alleged sexual abuse in Scotland between 2009 and 2014. Analyses showed that a large proportion of the questions posed to children by lawyers were suggestive questions that implied expected responses or introduced undisclosed information. Questions were overly complex linguistically, heavily repetitious, and focused to a large extent on peripheral elements of the allegations. In response, children acquiesced to suggestions most of the time and expressed uncertainty less than might be expected, given the nature of the questioning. Overall, both prosecutors and defense lawyers were insensitive to the capacities of children of different ages. The way children are questioned in court can have negative influences on the quality of the evidence obtained, regardless of the lawyers’ roles or the children’s ages. It is suggested that, in order for trials to be fair, evidence needs to be elicited in accordance with research-informed best-practice guidelines. More advanced training, the use of intermediaries, and the Barnahus model are discussed as potential ways to support the implementation of best-practice questioning strategies.
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Butler, Robert Michael. "State development, institutional flexibility and long-run economic growth : a cross country empirical examination." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/11602.
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This thesis is an empirical investigation examining the impact of state development and institutional flexibility on economic growth, across fifteen developed countries from 1880 to 2008. The development of the state, particularly since the late nineteenth century, has resulted in the exponential growth of institutional complexity and living standards. While there is evidence to suggest institutional flexibility may have increased for a time during this period, evidence also indicates a subsequently decline over the course of the twentieth century, resulting in ‘rise and decline’ explanations for economic growth. This ‘rise and decline’ hypothesis is tested in this thesis in an attempt to rehabilitate the works of Mancur Olson. This thesis presents a new framework for establishing years of peak institutional flexibility and creates new data for measuring state development and institutional flexibility. It finds both improvements in state development and institutional flexibility explain changes in cross-country growth over the long run. This should come as encouragement to those interested in institutional justifications for economic growth and all interested in revitalising Olsonion explanations for the economic performance of countries over the long run.
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Calvo, Maria Rocio. "A Cross-National Examination of the Welfare State as an Agent of Immigrant Incorporation." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1811.
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Thesis advisor: James E. LubbenThe fact that destination countries in contemporary migration are predominantly welfare states marks a distinct departure from historical patterns. While the impact of international migration on the welfare state is highly contested in the literature, the other side of the relationship--the ways in which advanced welfare states influence the incorporation of immigrants--has barely been examined. This study tests the applicability of an extension of the Welfare Regime Theory in the incorporation of foreign-born as compared to natives across 24 European nations clustered in 5 different welfare regimes. Specifically, it explores how much of the variability in self-reported economic and social capital indicators of incorporation is attributable to the nature of the welfare state and to specific theoretical traits associated with different welfare regimes. Results indicate that immigrants fare economically better in countries with comprehensive welfare systems of social protection and that country's amount of social spending has a positive influence in the economic incorporation of foreign-labor. The impact of the welfare state on individuals' economic well-being is higher for the native-born population than for their immigrant counterparts. Generous welfare systems are also beneficial for the social capital formation of immigrant communities. Immigrants residing in countries representative of the Scandinavian regime report higher levels of generalized trust, trust in institutions and frequency of informal social contacts than immigrants residing in countries representative of other welfare regimes. The same pattern is observed for the native-born population. Country's spending in social benefits increases the social trust and frequency of socialization of both groups, although the impact is larger for the native-born population. Country's spending in means-tested social benefits decreases social trust while country's spending in non-means-tested benefits increases it. Native-born individuals report higher levels of generalized trust and socialize more often than equivalent immigrants. However, the level of trust in country's institutions is higher for immigrant than for their native peers
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Zolfaghari, Badri. "An examination of cross-cultural trust development : adopting a 'mosaic theory' perspective of culture." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9503/.
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Trust is an integral feature of human relations, and in turbulent and uncertain times trust serves as a tool that enables organisational members to accept higher levels of risk and increases their willingness to cooperate with each other on a dyadic, group and organisational level. However, the development of trust can be significantly hindered or even obstructed in culturally unfamiliar settings, and between parties who come from different cultural backgrounds. This thesis aims to fill the gap in the literature pertaining to culture’s influence on trust and trust development and the ways in which trust can be formed and enhanced between individuals from different cultural backgrounds. It adopts the ‘mosaic’ conceptualisation of culture in order to overcome the limitations associated with using nationality as a proxy for culture and to address the multiplicity of cultural influences on behaviour. This unravels the etic and emic determinants of culture on trust and its development across cultures. It also accounts for the role of governing contextual factors (i.e. organisational factors and individuals’ cultural intelligence) on this process. Through undertaking a mixed-method approach, data was collected from participants via surveys followed by semi-structured interviews. Data collection took place in Durham, UK, Munich, Germany and Cape Town/Johannesburg, South Africa from individuals operating in various multinational organisations, and across different organisation levels. This method of data collection resulted in rich and detailed accounts of how individuals adopt different cultural identities and how they develop (dis)trust with their counterpart from a different cultural background. Overall, findings from this research confirm the mosaic conceptualisation of culture and reject the use of nationality as proxy for culture. It further reveals that individuals adopt multiple cultural identities in order to display trusting behaviour in the workplace, where some cultural facets (i.e. Family, Organisation and Profession) are more influential on the trust development process than others (i.e. Nationality, Religion, Political Affiliation, etc.). Trust development is enhanced when dyads share cultural values and is hindered when they encounter conflicting values, and is moderated by their level of cultural intelligence.
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Elangovan, Saravanan, and Andrew Stuart. "A Cross-Linguistic Examination of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials for a Categorical Voicing Contrast." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1552.
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Behavioral perceptions and cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) from native English (N=10) and Spanish speakers (N=10) were recorded for speech stimuli that constitute phonetically relevant categories of voicing. The stimuli were synthesized bilabial stop consonant-vowel syllables in a continuum ranging from/ba/to/pa/that varied in voice onset time (VOT) from 0 to 60ms. Different behavioral perceptions were evidenced by significantly different categorical phonetic boundaries between the two groups (p.05). Peak P1, N1, and P2 response latencies and P1–N1 and N1–P2 amplitudes increased significantly with increasing VOTs (p
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Yilmaz, Adviye Esin. "Examination Of Metacognitive Factors In Relation To Anxiety And Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-cultural Study." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608932/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis was to examine the validity of the main concepts of metacognitive theory in a Turkish sample and set the stage for metacognitive research in Turkey from the clinical psychology perspective. In addition to this, research attention was focused on two important topics remained to be empirically validated in the metacognition literature: (1) the unique contributions of &ldquocognitive content&rdquo
versus &ldquo
metacognition&rdquo
to the prediction of anxiety and depression symptoms, and (2) the vulnerability function of metacognitions in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms. To achieve these generic aims of the study, a two-step research plan each of which has its own specific objectives was followed. Data for cross-sectional and prospective parts of the study were collected from Turkish and British non-clinical samples. In the cross-sectional part, mainly the independent contribution of metacognitions to pathological worry, obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, and anxiety and depressive symptoms above and beyond the contribution of cognitive content was evaluated. By doing so, also the relationship patterns between metacognitions and psychological symptomatology were revealed in the Turkish sample. Consistent with the recent burgeoning of research, the association between increased levels of metacognitions and increased levels of anxiety and depression was shown in the Turkish sample, as well. Moreover, metacognitive factors were found to be associated with the symptoms of anxiety and depression independently of the relevant cognitive content. In most analyses, metacognitions emerged as slightly stronger predictors of a given symptom dimension compared to the relevant cognitive content. In the prospective part, the causal role of metacognitions following stress in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms was examined. In the Turkish sample, higher levels of negative beliefs about worry predicted augmentation in anxiety and depression symptoms from Time 1 to Time 2. Besides, higher levels of lack of cognitive confidence interacted with higher levels of daily hassles to predict intensification of the anxiety scores. However, the British data did not support the causal role of metacognitions in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms. The statistical comparisons between Turkish and British samples indicated that the Turkish sample has a tendency to score significantly higher than the British sample on the metacognitive variables. Moreover, for all but one metacognitive factor, the interactions with cultural group (Turkish vs. British) were not significant in predicting psychopathology, indicating generalization of metacognitive theory to both the Turkish and British samples. Findings of this study were well in line with the metacognitive theory and discussed in the light of the relevant literature.
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Ernst, Timothy John. "A critical examination of contemporary Canadian evangelicalism in light of Luther's theology of the cross." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43862.pdf.
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Bhattacharjee, Dharitri. "British women's views of twentieth-century India an examination of obstacles to cross-cultural understandings /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1188234757.
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Wang, Amy Yun-Ting. "Vagueness in interaction : a cross-cultural examination of vagueness in Taiwanese and British courtroom discourse." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444644.
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Pakes, Kirsty. "Culturally sensitive therapy? : an exploratory examination of the practice of cross-cultural family therapy sessions." Thesis, University of East London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532527.
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Fornito, Matthew C. "A cross-cultural examination of measurement invariance of smallholders in Kenya, Uganda, Mali and Lesotho." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48126.
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Cross-cultural research requires tests of measurement invariance to determine if different populations have equivalent latent constructs. A psychometric assessment of the Agricultural Production Perspectives Scale (APPS) was necessary to determine the validity of the scale constructed and whether data from multiple countries could be compared. Using 918 farmers sampled from Kenya, Uganda, Mali, and Lesotho, I conducted exploratory factor analysis and scale reliability tests to determine whether the item loadings and factors were equivalent across populations. No factor structure could be obtained across country or agroecological populations. The data were reanalyzed within each agroecology to determine localized factor structures. Results indicate that a market driven factor and agrarian driven factor tend to emerge across multiple agroecologies suggesting some emergence of latent variables. Recommendations for scale revisions are included to increase reliability and measurement invariance.Master of Science
CCRA-8 (Technology Networks for Sustainable Innovation)
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Bhattacharjee, Dharitri. "British Women’s Views of Twentieth-Century India: An Examination of Obstacles to Cross-Cultural Understandings." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1188234757.
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LeSuer, Will Monroe II. "A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Contextual Effects of Gender Inequality on Child Sexual Abuse." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468698987.
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LaRosa, Richard J. "A Cross-National Comparison of Corporate Web-Site Communications: An Examination of the Services Sector." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1233079496.
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Thesis (D.B.A.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 1, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-144) and appendices. Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.
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Abbott, Jessica. "Cross-National Fear of Crime Among Women: An Examination of Structural and Individual-Level Causes." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/442.
Full textAbstract:
Past research has confirmed that structural attributes of nations, as well as individual characteristics of people contribute to levels of fear of crime, across both nations and individuals. Specifically, in regard to the effects structural characteristics have on fear, gender equality has been shown to affect rates of rape, which in turn, affect women's fear of crime. Regarding individual-level determinants, age, income, education, whether one dwells in an urban or rural area, and prior victimization have been shown to have effects on fear. This dissertation set out to answer several research questions related to prior findings: 1) How does gender equality affect women's fear of crime across nations?; 2) Does gender equality have a direct effect on women's fear, or is this effect mediated by national rape rates?; 3) How do structural characteristics other than gender equality affect women's fear of crime?; and last, 4) How do individual characteristics affect women's fear of crime? Using data from various sources, including the International Criminal Victimization Survey, the World Values Survey, the United Nations, and the World Bank (total N=20 nations and 17,384 individuals), I assessed the aforementioned research questions using multilevel modeling. Overall, findings indicate that individual-level characteristics did a better job than structural context in predicting women's fear of crime across various nations. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed in the final chapter.
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Tasiopoulou, Katerina. "An integrative cross-national examination of the antecedents of perceived intergroup threat & prejudice towards immigrants." Thesis, University of Kent, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498890.
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White, Ross. "A cross-sectional examination of candidate psychological factors associated with Post-Psychotic PTSD & Research Portfolio." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/23/.
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Introduction: Experiencing schizophrenia can be sufficiently distressing to precipitate Post-psychotic PTSD (PP-PTSD). Understanding about PP-PTSD has developed without reference to contemporary trauma theory. A conceptual framework informed by Ehlers & Clark (2000) is used to determine if PP-PTSD was associated with a sense of serious current threat and negative appraisals of psychosis. Methods: This study recruited 27 individuals with schizophrenia. Associations that PP-PTSD caseness had with fear of recurrence, intolerance of uncertainty, beliefs about paranoia and interpretations about hallucinatory voices were investigated. Links with psychiatric symptoms were also assessed. Results: The prevalence rate of PP-PTSD was 37%. PP-PTSD caseness was associated with being fearful about psychosis recurring, being intolerant of uncertainty, and making negative appraisals about paranoia. Fear of recurrence was the only significant predictor of PP-PTSD caseness. Conclusions: PP-PTSD appears to be largely consistent with a conceptual framework for persistent PTSD. Fear of recurrence was identified as a candidate psychological factor for PP-PTSD.
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Kao, Chi-Chung. "Online arbitration for cross-border business-to-consumer electronic-commerce disputes : an examination of procedural issues." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426944.
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This thesis discusses procedural issues relating to the resolution of cross-border business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce disputes by online arbitration. Resolving such disputes in national courts of law creates jurisdictional dilemmas. Online dispute resolution (ODR), on the other hand, avoids the jurisdiction problem, while providing the parties with expeditious and economical solutions to online disputes, given that ODR mechanisms could be fair, .affordable and effective. Amongst various models of ODR, online arbitration could serve as a backbone of an emerging international legal framework for online consumer disputes due to its formal and quasi-judicial nature, as international commercial arbitration has helped create the current international legal system for international business transactions through the accumulation of arbitration practice and case law. However, for online arbitration to take part m resolving cross-border B2C e-commerce disputes, three procedural issues have to be examined. Firstly, online arbitral proceedings have to be fair. The fundamental principles of procedural fairness in adjudicatory processes have to be implemented in order to provide fair treatment for the parties. Secondly, a pre-dispute consumer arbitration agreement has to be enforceable in order for the arbitration to proceed. Factors affecting the enforceability of a pre-dispute consumer arbitration agreement under different legal systems have to be addressed. Finally, an enforcement mechanism for the arbitral awards has to be in place in case of non-voluntary performance by the losing party. As no international enforcement mechanism exists for arbitral awards in the area of international consumer disputes, this thesis proposes a quasi-enforcement procedure via current international credit card clearing networks. Combined with online arbitration this international framework could provide effective and efficient resolution to online consumer disputes while the results of arbitration could be implemented through the established international credit card clearing network via a reversed payment process.