Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cross-cultural theory

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cross-cultural theory'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cross-cultural theory"

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Fung, Stanislaus. "ARCHITECTURAL THEORY AS CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY." Architectural Theory Review 1, no. 2 (November 1996): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13264829609478280.

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Moro, Regina R., and Rebecca G. Scherer. "Cross-Cultural Attachment, Internationalization, and Systems Theory." Family Journal 22, no. 4 (May 20, 2014): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480714534174.

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Miotto, Eliane. "Cross-Cultural Neuropsychological Assessment: Theory and Practice." Journal of Psychophysiology 15, no. 2 (April 2001): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.15.2.128.

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Lindridge, Andrew. "Cross-cultural marketing, theory, practice and relevance." Journal of Marketing Management 30, no. 13-14 (October 2014): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.2014.946240.

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Carter, Richard F. "Comparative Analysis, Theory, and Cross-Cultural Communication." Communication Theory 1, no. 2 (May 1991): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.1991.tb00011.x.

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Engelen, Andreas, and Malte Brettel. "Assessing cross-cultural marketing theory and research." Journal of Business Research 64, no. 5 (May 2011): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.04.008.

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Stephens, John. "Editorial: Cross-cultural Imagining." International Research in Children's Literature 6, no. 1 (July 2013): v—ix. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2013.0075.

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Liu, Chu-Li Julie, and Cheryl Regehr. "Cross-cultural application of self-in-relation theory." International Social Work 49, no. 4 (July 2006): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872806065324.

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English The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine the manner in which ‘selfinrelation’ theory applies to Asian (Taiwanese) women. The findings indicate that participants' perceptions of self and others vary based on distinctive social categories. Implications for culturally appropriate social work practice, in particular the working alliance, are addressed. French L'objectif de cette étude qualitative est d'analyser la façon dont la théorie du 'sentiment de soi en interrelation' s'applique aux femmes asiatiques de Taïwan. Les résultats indiquent que la perception des participantes à l'égard de soi ou des autres varie en fonction de diverses catégories sociales. D'après ce constat, l'auteur analyse comment adapter la pratique du travail social du'point de vue culturel et il se penche tout particulièrement sur l'alliance thérapeutique. Spanish Este estudio cualitativo examina de qué forma la teoría 'el-sí-mismo-en-relación' ('self-in-relation') es aplicable a mujeres asiáticas de Taiwán. Los resultados indican que las percepciones de las participantes acerca de sí mismas y otros varían según categorías sociales distintivas. Se examinan las implicaciones para el trabajo social, en particular para el establecimiento de la alianza trabajador-usuario.
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GUDYKUNST, WILLIAM B., SEUNG-MOCK YANG, and TSUKASA NISHIDA. "A CROSS-CULTURAL TEST OF UNCERTAINTY REDUCTION THEORY." Human Communication Research 11, no. 3 (March 1985): 407–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00054.x.

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Sullivan, Jerry, and Sully Taylor. "A Cross-Cultural Test of Compliance-Gaining Theory." Management Communication Quarterly 5, no. 2 (November 1991): 220–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318991005002004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cross-cultural theory"

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McKie, David S. "A Cross-cultural test of Implicit Leadership Theory." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/115.

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This research builds on Implicit Leadership Theory, which suggests that a leader's performance is likely to be higher when there is congruence between a follower's prototype of what a leader should be and his or her perception of the leader's behaviour. The essence of effective leadership, according to this theory, is being seen as a leader by others. Data were collected from 196 leaders and 1,738 followers from 23 countries within Cargill Incorporated, a US food and agricultural multinational. The research was conducted in two phases. During the first phase data were collected on followers' desired leadership values and their perception of their leader's behaviour on the same dimensions. These data were used to compute a congruence score based on a weighted sum of absolute differences. The congruence score data formed the heart of an individualised Leadership Fit Report written for each leader in the study showing the extent of congruence across 21 leadership characteristics (see Appendix A). The second phase of the study focused on a subset of 933 followers from five countries testing the two hypotheses. The two hypotheses in Phase Two were partially supported. The first was that congruence between desired leadership values and perceived behaviour leads to high performance of a leader and incongruence leads to lower performance. The second was that the relationship between congruence and leader performance varied by nationality. The cross-cultural test of Implicit Leadership Theory captured in Hypothesis 2 was particularly important to Cargill because it revealed unique and important differences between the five countries included in the second data set. This study found that the nature of the relationship between congruence and leader performance varies significantly between all five countries. More specifically the data suggests that congruence does not always lead to high performance. This study, albeit exploratory, makes theoretical, methodological and practical contributions in the following ways. i. A cross cultural test of Implicit Leadership Theory in a multinational organisation with a significant sample size. ii. An existing desired leadership values questionnaire was used and developed further to measure leadership values and leader perception. iii. All 196 leaders received a personalised feedback report showing the level of congruence (or degree of fit) for 21 leadership characteristics. iv. A methodological contribution was made by using Polynomial Regression Equations and Response Surface Methodology to measure the nature of the relationship between desired leadership values, perceived behaviour and leaders' performance. Implicit Leadership Theory was shown to be complex yet very relevant to management practice. The research undertaken was exploratory yet it has created the basis for on going discussion.
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Xu, Yuemao. "A cross-cultural study of prospect-refuge theory." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212009-040337/.

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Lin, Wen-Hsu. "General Strain Theory and Juvenile Delinquency: A Cross-Cultural Study." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3208.

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General strain theory (GST) (Agnew, 1992, 2001, 2006a) is an established criminological theory. Although the theory has been examined by many and enjoys empirical support, some limitations of previous studies need to be addressed. First, previous studies have not incorporated all major types of strain in their models; hence, the effects of these strains on delinquency are unclear. Second, many previous studies did not include negative emotions and even negative emotions other than anger. Finally, and the most serious limitation, many previous studies rely heavily on samples from Western countries, mostly the U.S.; thus, possible cultural influences are ignored. Although a few studies have moved forward by using subjects from Asia (e.g., China, Korea), these studies only provide empirical results regarding whether GST is applicable in other cultures. The lack of comparable samples from both Western and Eastern cultures hinders direct comparison. The present research contributes to the theoretical body of literature through addressing the aforementioned three limitations. First, the study measures the major types of strain that are mentioned by Agnew. Second, anger and depression are included in the analysis, which addresses not only the limitations of previous studies but also the suggestions of Agnew (2006a). In addition, the measure of anger is situational and consistent with GST. Thirdly, the present study uses the same research instrument to collect comparable samples from both the U.S. (Western country) and Taiwan (Eastern country). This enables a direct comparison across cultural boundaries, and the similarities and differences can be empirically established. Whereas the core propositions of GST are supported, the study finds some negative results. In addition, most of the GST processes are found to be similar between the U.S. and Taiwanese juveniles. However, some differences were also discovered. Explanation of these similarities and differences from their cultural perspectives are offered. Furthermore, the results from this study also raise some challenges to GST and point out that revisions of GST may be required.
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DyckFehderau, David P. "Towards a theory and method for dispute intervention, a cross-cultural perspective." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21129.pdf.

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Gruenewald, John M. "Self-determination theory and hedonic well-being in a cross-cultural perspective." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2009/j_gruenewald_040109.pdf.

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Alyami, Adel. "Cross-cultural studies among Saudi students in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12074.

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This is a multi-method research which consists of four studies. The first examined the influence of cultural values and ethnic identity on collective self-esteem, acculturative stress and attitudes toward seeking psychological help among 117 Saudi students living and studying in the UK, 20 of them were interviewed in the second part of the study in order to examine their acculturation strategies and their attitude toward seeking psychological help. The measures used were: Asian Values Scale (AVS), Male Arab Acculturation Scale (MAAS), Male Arabic Ethnic Identity Measure (MAEIM), Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF), and Collective Self-Esteem (CSE-R). The study sample was divided into two groups: 49 (Junior) newly arrived students and 68 (senior) students who had spent more than one year in the UK. Also, gender and marital status were considered as variables. Interviews were conducted to examine the questionnaire's findings in depth. Results supported the hypothesis that adherence to original cultural values is a positive predictor of collective self-esteem. Also it was found that there was a difference between new and senior students in the scores on the following scales: AVS, CSE, SAFE, ATSPP, and MAAS Int. Results also supported the hypothesis that ethnic identity is a positive predictor of collective self-esteem. However, no relation was observed between adherence to original cultural values and students‟ attitudes towards seeking psychological help, acculturative stress, and communication styles. Also, ethnic identity did not correlate with acculturative stress. Regarding gender and marital status, findings suggest that they are not significant predictors of the research‟s dependent variables. In the third part of the study: the researcher examined and measured the effect of providing counselling sessions for a sample of 12 Saudi students during their stay in the UK using a pre- and post- Culture Shock Questionnaire, and results were compared with a control group of 12 Saudi participants who were not engaged in the counselling sessions. Results were statistically significant for the experimental group which indicated a positive effect of providing counseling services for Saudi students. In the fourth part of the study: the researcher measured the effect of reverse culture shock on students who returned home using a modified version of the Home-comer Culture Shock Scales (HCSS) and inviting view participants to take part in un formal interview. The thesis will be concluded with an explanatory conclusion which might lead to further studies.
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Yilmaz, Funda Gunay Thomas Chippewa Marimarta Stadler Holly A. "Exploring themes in multicultural counseling movement through the perspective of flow theory." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Counselor_Education/Thesis/Yilmaz_Funda_15.pdf.

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Muleya, Wilson Siamakando. "A comparative study on the application of theory to practice among social work practitioners in Zambia and England." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288561.

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Crist, Angela R. "South African Ubuntu Theory in Cross Cultural Community Development Practice: An Autoethnographic Exploration." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1244121998.

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Jamal, Kinza. "What Would Your Parents Say?!: A Cross-Cultural and Personality Study." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/754.

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Culture is what influences us and shapes us into who we are and what we become later on in life, this study runs with this concept. This study includes three groups of participants: 60 Subcontinental adolescents, 60 (Subcontinental) Asian-American adolescents,60 European-American adolescents .The ages of these adolescents range from 17-23 years of age. The participants are asked to fill out measures pertaining to anxiety/depression, self identity , acculturation and a questionnaire at the end that asks about future marital plans. The studies hypotheses are that there is a stronger correlation between parenting technique and the degree to
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Books on the topic "Cross-cultural theory"

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Burton, Dawn. Cross-cultural marketing: Theory, practice and relevance. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2008.

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Cross-cultural neuropsychological assessment: Theory and practice. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbuam Associates, Publishers, 2000.

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Cwalina, Wojciech. A cross-cultural theory of voter behavior. New York: Haworth Press, 2008.

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Bradford, Ivey Mary, and Simek-Morgan Lynn, eds. Counseling and psychotherapy: Integrating skills, theory, and practice. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1987.

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Cultural psychotherapy: Theory, methods, and practice. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 2013.

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Sue, Derald Wing. Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice. 6th ed. Hoboken, N.J: ohn Wiley & Sons, 2012.

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Kim, Young Yun. Communication and cross-cultural adaptation: An integrative theory. Clevedon [England]: Multilingual Matters Ltd., 1988.

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Method and theory in cross-cultural psychological assessment. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 1988.

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Cross-cultural communication: Perspectives in theory and practice. Amityville, N.Y: Baywood Pub., 2005.

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Andrew, Strathern, ed. Violence: Theory and ethnography. London: Continuum, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cross-cultural theory"

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Cao, Shunqing. "Cross-Cultural Variation Theory." In The Variation Theory of Comparative Literature, 159–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34277-6_4.

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Robinson, Lena. "Attachment Theory: Cross-Cultural Perspectives." In Cross-Cultural Child Development for Social Workers, 19–35. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-13415-8_2.

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Ge, Qing, Yin Wang, and Nan Zhou. "The Research on the Logistics Service Design Based on the Theory of Brand Image: A Case for FEELER." In Cross-Cultural Design, 47–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07308-8_5.

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Smith, Peter B. "Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Identity." In Handbook of Identity Theory and Research, 249–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_11.

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Rozbicki, Michal Jan. "Cross-Cultural History: Toward an Interdisciplinary Theory." In Cross-Cultural History and the Domestication of Otherness, 207–19. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137012821_13.

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Morelli, Gilda A., and Paula Ivey Henry. "Afterword: Cross-cultural Challenges to Attachment Theory." In Attachment Reconsidered, 241–49. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137386724_10.

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Usami, Mayumi. "Discourse Politeness Theory and Cross-Cultural Pragmatics." In Readings in Second Language Pedagogy and Second Language Acquisition, 19–41. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ubli.4.05usa.

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Samanta, Tannistha. "Bridging the Gap: Theory and Research in Social Gerontology." In Cross-Cultural and Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Social Gerontology, 3–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1654-7_1.

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Rector, Monica. "Cross-Cultural Interaction: A Semiotic Perspective." In Semiotics and International Scholarship: Towards a Language of Theory, 175–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4464-0_9.

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Levy, Shlomit, and Louis Guttman. "A Faceted Cross-Cultural Analysis of Some Core Social Values." In Facet Theory, 205–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5042-5_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cross-cultural theory"

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Alexandrova, G. N. "Cross-Cultural Factor In Business International Activity." In 18th International Scientific Conference “Problems of Enterprise Development: Theory and Practice”. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.04.82.

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Sun, Yan, and Woon Kian Chong. "Transferability of Generational Theory in a Cross Cultural Context." In 2014 International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and Control (IS3C). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/is3c.2014.57.

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Трошина, Наталья. "INTERACTION OF ECONOMIC AND LANGUAGE FACTORS IN MODERN SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE." In CROSS-CULTURAL↔INTRA-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRAINING AND TRANSLATING. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/miktipoip-2021-12-02.41.

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Мячин, Константин. "SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE RECIPIENTS’ STATEMENTS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF LINGUISTIC EXPERIMENT BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF FICTION TEXT." In CROSS-CULTURAL↔INTRA-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRAINING AND TRANSLATING. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/miktipoip-2021-12-02.29.

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Полякова, Екатерина. "TYPOLOGY OF NEWSPAPERS IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA." In CROSS-CULTURAL↔INTRA-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRAINING AND TRANSLATING. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/miktipoip-2021-12-02.31.

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Евсина, Елена. "PREPARING UNIVERSITY TEACHERS FOR WORK IN A MULTICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT." In CROSS-CULTURAL↔INTRA-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRAINING AND TRANSLATING. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/miktipoip-2021-12-02.14.

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Полякова, Екатерина. ""QUALITY" NEWSPAPERS IN RUSSIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY." In CROSS-CULTURAL↔INTRA-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRAINING AND TRANSLATING. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/miktipoip-2021-12-02.32.

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Каримова, Лилия, and Ольга Ямалеева. "SPEECH IMAGE OF A DIPLOMAT." In CROSS-CULTURAL↔INTRA-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRAINING AND TRANSLATING. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/miktipoip-2021-12-02.20.

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Морозкина, Евгения, and Тимур Алтынгужин. "ECPHRASIS AND SEMIOTIC COMPLEMENTATION IN THE ASPECT OF INTERSEMIOTIC TRANSLATION." In CROSS-CULTURAL↔INTRA-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRAINING AND TRANSLATING. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/miktipoip-2021-12-02.27.

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Саблукова, Валентина. "THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOURCES OF ORIGIN OF NATIONAL PRECEDENT PHENOMENA IN THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE MASS MEDIA." In CROSS-CULTURAL↔INTRA-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRAINING AND TRANSLATING. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/miktipoip-2021-12-02.34.

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Reports on the topic "Cross-cultural theory"

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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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4

The COVID Decade: understanding the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19. The British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bac19stf/9780856726583.001.

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The British Academy was asked by the Government Office for Science to produce an independent review on the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19. This report outlines the evidence across a range of areas, building upon a series of expert reviews, engagement, synthesis and analysis across the research community in the Social Sciences, Humanities and the Arts (SHAPE). It is accompanied by a separate report, Shaping the COVID decade, which considers how policymakers might respond. History shows that pandemics and other crises can be catalysts to rebuild society in new ways, but that this requires vision and interconnectivity between policymakers at local, regional and national levels. With the advent of vaccines and the imminent ending of lockdowns, we might think that the impact of COVID-19 is coming to an end. This would be wrong. We are in a COVID decade: the social, economic and cultural effects of the pandemic will cast a long shadow into the future – perhaps longer than a decade – and the sooner we begin to understand, the better placed we will be to address them. There are of course many impacts which flowed from lockdowns, including not being able to see family and friends, travel or take part in leisure activities. These should ease quickly as lockdown comes to an end. But there are a set of deeper impacts on health and wellbeing, communities and cohesion, and skills, employment and the economy which will have profound effects upon the UK for many years to come. In sum, the pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities and differences and created new ones, as well as exposing critical societal needs and strengths. These can emerge differently across places, and along different time courses, for individuals, communities, regions, nations and the UK as a whole. We organised the evidence into three areas of societal effect. As we gathered evidence in these three areas, we continually assessed it according to five cross-cutting themes – governance, inequalities, cohesion, trust and sustainability – which the reader will find reflected across the chapters. Throughout the process of collating and assessing the evidence, the dimensions of place (physical and social context, locality), scale (individual, community, regional, national) and time (past, present, future; short, medium and longer term) played a significant role in assessing the nature of the societal impacts and how they might play out, altering their long-term effects.
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