Dissertations / Theses: 'Cross-cultural differences'

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Redford, Paul Christopher. "Anger : a cross-cultural investigation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343375.

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Mori, Shigenori 1962. "Cross-cultural differences in "ESL classroom personality"." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291437.

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Comparing Japanese and Mexican groups, the present study investigated cross-cultural differences in ESL learners' affective traits specific to formal settings. The target traits were measured by self-reporting questionnaires and class observations. Factor analysis of the questionnaire extracted four factors of ESL learners' affective traits, which were termed "activity", "social-awareness", "desirable behavior in formal learning", and "social isolation". The results indicated that some of these factors were strongly related with learners' cultural backgrounds. More specifically, the results showed Mexican students tended to take a more active approach toward in-class learning than their Japanese counterpart. However, the results also suggested that, in spite of passive learning behaviors they usually displayed, Japanese students valued active learning behaviors. Generally, the findings of this study are fairly congruent with the model constructed prior to the study.

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Svobodova, Petra, and Anna Gnyria. "Cross-cultural differences in marketing communications : The Importance of cross-cultural differences in the marketing communications: Investigated in Central and Eastern Europe." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27896.

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Despite the globalization and cultures’ convergence, it is scholarly recognized that cross-cultural issues are important in a business context, especially for companies extending their activities internationally. However, existing theory does not provide an explicit answer of how cultural differences between countries influence customers’ perception of different aspects of marketing communication mix. That is why the underlying task of the current paper is to investigate if cross-cultural differences within the same geographic region are big enough to affect customers’ perception of marketing communication mix used. To facilitate a data collection, Central and Eastern European region represented by Ukraine and Czech Republic were chosen. As a reference tourism industry was used, due to its’ current significance, scale and global nature. Data was collected by conducting secondary and primary research, both having quantitative nature. Secondary data was collected through statistical offices and official on-line sources. For the primary research purposes a questionnaire survey was conducted among pre-defined target audience in Czech Republic and Ukraine. 300 responses obtained provided a solid basis for the further analysis. Based on the relevant theory and secondary research findings four hypotheses were developed to address the research question “Does cross-cultural differences within Central and Eastern Europe affect the marketing communication mix in a specific industry?”. The study results provided that cultural differences exist not only between different regions, but also found within the same geographic region. When considered from marketing perspective, they are significant enough to influence customers’ preferences and perceptions of different aspects of marketing communication mix. The results obtained are specific for a particular case, so they can not be applied to some other countries. However, when it comes to marketing communication perceptions, the results can be used as guidelines by other industries then tourism

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Tse, Pui San. "Cross-cultural Differences in the Presentation of Depressive Symptoms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801937/.

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Epidemiological studies show that China has a lower prevalence rate of major depression than that of Western countries. The disparity in prevalence is commonly attributed to the tendency of Chinese to somatize depression. Empirical evidence of Chinese somatization has yielded mixed results. The present study thus aimed to 1) examine differences in somatic and psychological symptom reporting between Chinese from Macau and Americans in America and 2) identify cultural and psychological variables that would predict somatization. Independent and interdependent self-construals, sociotropy, and emotional approach coping were hypothesized to predict somatization of depression. Participants included 353 Chinese and 491 American college students who completed self-report measures online. Contrary to prediction, results indicated that Americans endorsed a higher proportion of somatic symptoms than Chinese did. Sociotropy predicted both relative endorsement and severity of somatic symptoms for the American sample, whereas emotional expression coping was related to somatization in the Chinese sample. The findings challenge the common assumption of greater Chinese somatization and highlight the importance of context in understanding the relationships between somatization and cultural and psychological variables. Implications of the present study and future directions are discussed.

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Cutler, Bob D. (Bob Dean). "International advertising: a content analysis of cross-cultural differences." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332550/.

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This study addresses the question of cross-country standardization of advertising by identifying existing cross-national differences in magazine advertisements. A content analysis of 1,983 advertisements in business, women's and general interest magazines was performed. The sample included 1989 and 1990 magazine issues from the United States, United Kingdom, France, India and South Korea.

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Jenkins, L. "A cross-cultural study of sex-role socialisation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381456.

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Henderson, Sandra, Emma Klöfver, and Anette Persson. "Differences in Health, Stress and Coping : A Cross Cultural Comparison." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Pedagogik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17576.

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This thesis presents a quantitative research that was conducted as a minor field studywith a comparison of Swedish and Indonesian undergraduates. The purpose of this study wasto compare cultural disparities concerning health, stress and coping strategies between the two countries. A questionnaire was carried out, both online and by paper in Sweden, and by paper in Indonesia. 156 Swedish and 172 Indonesian students participated. The survey consisted offive different instrument scales of time perspective, satisfaction with life, perceived stress, coping, and individualism versus collectivism. Swedish students reported higher levels of health, life satisfaction and stress than Indonesian students. It was also found that Swedishstudents were more future oriented while Indonesian students were more present hedonistic. Swedish students used less active coping than Indonesian students and male students used more active coping than female students. It was also found that Indonesian students did not ask others for help as much as Swedish students. Finally, it was also shown that health predicted satisfaction with life.
Program: Organisations- och personalutvecklare i samhället

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Pattaratanakun, Ake. "Cross-cultural differences in price search decisions : an experimental study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709123.

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Muleya, Wilson Siamakando. "A comparative study on the application of theory to practice among social work practitioners in Zambia and England." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288561.

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au, 29948291@student murdoch edu, and Ivana Pelemis. "Acculturation Differences in Family Units from Former Yugoslavia." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071211.100224.

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Focus of on-going cross-cultural investigation has throughout the time shown that inadequate language skills paired with absence of knowledge of cultural practices and norms within the receiving society would create a number of stress behaviors among immigrants, often manifested as lowered mental health status- depression, anxiety, confusion; feelings of marginality and alienation; psychosomatic symptoms and identity confusion (Berry and Annis, 1988; Greenberg & Greenberg, 1989; Kessler, Turner and House, 1988; Shams and Jackson, 1994; Vega et al., 1986; Vinokur, Price and Caplan, 1991; Winefield, Winefield, Tiggermann and Goldney, 1991). It was further noticed that refugee populations across the world are adapting to the receiving societies in a much slower rate then other migrating groups (Greenberg & Greenberg, 1989), and yet due to sensibilities surrounding research of a refugee population, there are still questions surrounding this process. In addition, it appears that the attempts to demystify acculturation and uncover objective underpinnings of it, has further reduced the current concept undermining validity and reliability of the findings. Therefore need for subjective experience and definition of acculturation, as well as reconsideration of complexity of the phenomenon (acculturation) was recognised by this research. This study was designed to offer a qualitative insight into the acculturative differences within a family unit among refugees from former Yugoslavia. 21 women, recent refugee- arrivals were requested to participate in the open- end interview. In the semi- structured interview the women were asked to give a detailed account of their personal, their partners and their childrens experiences concerning the emotional, social, economical, occupational and psychological aspects of their and their family- members acculturation processes. The obtained data was analysed through the means of narrative and Ericksons analytic induction. The results showed that cultural incompatibilities have spread into diverse spheres of living, thus complexity of the acculturation-related problems was acknowledged. The results showed that (1) split families (due to immigration), (2) inability to establish new social ties in the novel environment and (3) decay in professional status were often reported in connection with eroded physical and mental well-being of the participants and their families. The research also looked at cultural diversities, and gender differences, concentrating on concepts of resilience and coping strategies within the acculturative practice. It appears that cognitive restructuring and the ability to let go of the previous lives was the best coping mechanism.

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Randic, Jasna. "Gender differences and cross-cultural variations in student responses to literature." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186789.

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In this study I examined how a group of native speakers and non-native speakers of English confronted the same three short stories, what reactions emerged from their reading and interacting with the texts, what details the students responded to, and what cross-cultural and gender differences were evident in their responses. In particular, I looked for patterns that exist in student responses in terms of gender, native versus non-native speaker analysis (linguistic), and Spanish and Chinese speaker differences (cultural backgrounds). This study is grounded in reader-response theory, schema theory, and gender studies. Part of my analysis draws on Elizabeth Flynn's 1980 study on reading patterns of male and female college students, and her three categories of readers: dominant, submissive, and interactive. In addition to Flynn's categories, I examined student responses to stories in terms of categories noted by Vipond and Hunt: information-driven, story-driven, and point-driven. My students had to fulfill three tasks: first, they had to write their reactions to the stories, second, they had to summarize the stories, and third, they had to choose one story as a focus for an epistolary essay. My findings indicated a strong influence of schemata on student responses. Their responses to the stories showed cultural background influences and gender influences on their reading and responding. Students made comments about their own cultures and they often compared and contrasted a certain issue in their own culture and in the US. In terms of gender differences, I found salient differences between American male student responses and other represented groups. From a pedagogical perspective, all students came to text with different schemata, and responded to text according to their schemata; that is, their culture conditioning, gender, education, and so on. This study prompted students to articulate the connections in their schemata. Dialogue in a literature-based writing class is necessary, to promote awareness, and self awareness.

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Bjedov, Maja Rodic. "Identifying sources of individual and cross-cultural differences in mathematical ability." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2015. http://research.gold.ac.uk/11744/.

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Good mathematical skills are extremely important in today’s quantitatively oriented societies and are related to various desirable life outcomes, ranging from better jobs and education to the mental health and wellbeing. The development of mathematical skills is influenced by complex blend of biological and cultural factors. Mathematical ability is a highly heritable trait, although the search for the genetic variants affecting it has to date not been very fruitful. Cross-cultural research identified some differences in mathematics, with children from East Asia outperforming the rest of the world on mathematical tests across different ages. This thesis aims to provide new insights into the sources of individual and cross-cultural differences in mathematics and mathematically related domains. Chapters 1 and 2 provided both, literature review of the factors influencing individual differences in mathematical achievement, as well as two approaches employed in this thesis to study them. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 investigated the existence and the sources of the individual and cross-cultural differences in mathematics and mathematically related traits, both before and at the beginning of the formal schooling in more than 600 5-9-years old children from 5 distinct populations UK, China, Russia, and Kyrgyz and Dungan populations from Kyrgyzstan. The results suggest that in line with the previous studies, cross-cultural differences in mathematics exist even at the beginning of the formal education with the Chinese children outperforming the rest of the populations. The mechanisms related to individual differences in mathematics are similar across populations before the formal schooling and become more diverse as the children start formal education. Chapter 6 reports an investigation into the genetic variants implicated in mathematics and mathematically related traits employing the genotypic and phenotypic data from two samples: (1) ~3000 12- and 16- year old children from Twin Early Development Study (TEDS) in the UK; and (2) 371 17-21-year old students from 4 Russia. In line with the previous research, the results suggest that mathematics and mathematically related traits are influenced by many genetic variants of very small effects and that the larger sample sizes are needed to address the discrepancy between heritability estimates and number of identified genetic variants. Chapter 7 concludes with general discussion and suggestions for future directions.

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Fuse, Miyoko. "Cross-Cultural Comparison of Upward Compliance-Gaining Strategies: U.S.A. and Japan." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4665.

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This study investigated cultural differences, U.S.A. and Japan, in the selection of compliance-gaining strategies by lower status people as differentiated from a group leader in a short-term, task-oriented relationship. The subjects for this study consisted of 114 (59 male and 55 female) U.S. college students and 165 (65 male and 100 female} Japanese college students. All subjects lived in Oregon. After the subjects read the hypothetical scenario which involved changing a task for a classroom project, a 21 item questionnaire was administered. The questions were taken from Kipnis, Schmidt, and Wilkinson's (1980} study, and a six-point scale was used. The 21 questions were categorized into four compliance-gaining strategies: rationalization, exchange of benefits, ingratiation, and assertion. Rationalization and exchange of benefits were used to test hypotheses regarding culture as a whole. Hypothesis one was "Japanese lower status people who are in short-term, task-oriented relationships will use more rationalization compliance-gaining strategies than U.S. people who are in short-term, task-oriented relationships," while hypothesis two was "U.S. lower status people who are in short-term, task-oriented relationships will use more exchange of benefits compliance-gaining strategies than Japanese lower status people who are in short-term, task-oriented relationships." Ingratiation and assertion were used to test the hypotheses regarding gender in different cultures. Hypothesis three was "U.S. lower status females who are in short-term, task-oriented relationships will use more ingratiation compliance-gaining strategies than Japanese lower status females who are in short-term, task-oriented relationships," and hypothesis four was "U.S. lower status males who are in short-term, task-oriented relationships use more assertion compliance-gaining strategies than Japanese lower status males who are in short-term, task-oriented relationships."

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Eriksson, Johan, and Nuhad Jahan. "Intra-Cultural Differences in China : doing business in a culturally diverse country." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-143834.

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The discourse regarding cultural differences has mainly focused on dissimilarities between countries (inter-cultural variations). However, this thesis will suggest that intra-cultural variations also occur within national borders. Especially in developing countries, exposed and influenced by other cultures. The purpose with this thesis is therefore to reveal how culture is perceived on the eastern coast of China compared to the typical view of Chinese culture as a whole. The study has been made by conducting e-mail based surveys with the Swedish company Ericsson, Swedish Chamber of Commerce and the Swedish Trade Council. The result indicates a distinct difference in culture between east coast cities and inland China. Conclusively, intra-cultural variations appeared to be present in the studied country.

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De, Vries Tielke Anna Eveline. "Cross-cultural differences: the experiences, challenges and strengths for partners in committed interacial relationships." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008193.

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The topic of interpersonal relationships and the factors that enhance the longevity and strength of these have been well documented. Whilst there has been a steady increase in the occurrence of interracial relationships, it has not been matched by an increase in studies on the phenomenon and indeed very little empirical attention has been given to these relationships. Leslie and Letiecq (2004) highlight that the existing research on the phenomenon focuses primarily on the reasons individuals select partners outside of their own racial group. As interracial marriages are reportedly more vulnerable to divorce than marriages among same-race individuals, it seems important to examine the dynamics and quality of interracial relationships (Leslie & Letiecq, 2004). The goal of the study was therefore to explore the cross-cultural differences that inform the experiences, challenges, and strengths for partners in committed interracial relationships. In this qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual study, the author has explored and described the specific cross-cultural differences that the couple has encountered in their relationship and the impact that these differences have had on the quality of their relationship. Furthermore the study aimed to explore and describe the strengths the couple has drawn from these cross-cultural differences to enhance the quality of their relationship. A combination of purposive and snowball sampling techniques has been utilised to identify interracial couples who have been in a committed monogamous relationship of at least one year. The sample consisted of eleven individuals. Semi-structured individual interviews were utilised as the data collection tool, and Tesch‟s model of data analysis (in Creswell, 1998) has been employed. This model of data analysis consists of eight steps that have been used to analyse the data. Five themes emerged from the study: (1) cultural difference factors, (2) negative factors that influence the couple‟s coping with cultural differences, (3) positive factors that influence the couple‟s coping with cultural differences, (4) factors relating to cultural differences that strengthen the relationship and (5) recommendations to other interracial couples. The findings of the study make a meaningful contribution to couple counselling interventions for interracial couples, and also add to the body of knowledge on this sparsely researched topic.

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Wildman, Jessica L. "Cultural differences in forgiveness fatalism, trust violations, and trust repair efforts in interpersonal collaboration." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4721.

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Mistakes and betrayals can cause developing interpersonal trust between parties to be broken, and damaged trust can have serious negative impacts on relationships, such as withdrawal from group interaction or the enactment of revenge. Research has suggested that the use of apologies helps to repair damaged trust. However, this research is almost exclusively based in westernized populations and has not begun to explore any cross-cultural differences. Therefore, the primary goal of this comparative cross-national laboratory study was to examine if, and how, the effectiveness of trust repair efforts differs across cultures. The effectiveness of three manipulated trust repair strategies (no response, apology, and account) was tested using students from universities in the United States (U.S.) and in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The results of the study indicate that fatalism, or the belief that events in life are meant to occur, was negatively related to initial trust and positively related to initial distrust toward one's collaborative partner. It was also found that higher levels of fatalism were associated with more severe trust damage after a trust violation. Regarding the trust repair strategies, accounts were more effective at repairing trust than no response for high fatalism participants whereas apologies were more effective than accounts at reducing distrust after a violation for low fatalism participants, providing partial support for the idea that trust repair strategies are more effective when matched to the cultural self-construal of the victim. Finally, initial distrust and trust directly after the violation were predictive of taking revenge on the other player. Implications are discussed along with the study limitations and suggestions for future research.
ID: 030646267; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-139).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology; Industrial and Organizational Track

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Wang, Gong. "Cultural differences in causal atrributions development between American and Chinese adults." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28774.

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Quang, Nguyen Van, and n/a. "Some Australian English-Vietnamese cross-cultural differences in conveying good and bad news." University of Canberra. Education, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.090215.

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This Study examines some cross-cultural differences in conveying good and bad news in Australian English and Vietnamese. Three major aspects are taken into consideration: address forms, modality, and directness-indirectness. Theoretical issues are raised and discussed, and questionnaire data collected and analysed. Chapter I shows why it is important and necessary to study crosscultural differences and sets up the aims of the study. Chapter II deals with address forms in general and the use of address forms in conveying good and bad news in the Australian and Vietnamese cultural contexts in particular..The similarities and differences between the two systems are also discussed. Chapter III dwells on modality and its devices: modals, modality markers, subjunctive mood (in English) and lexico-modal operators for subjunctive mood (in Vietnamese). The use of these devices in communicating good and bad news in the two cultures is discussed in detail. Chapter IV is concerned theoretically with directness-indirectness, and the relationship between indirectness and politeness. How directness and in-directness are actually used to convey good and bad news in Australian and Vietnamese cultures is also analysed. Chapter V concludes the Study and suggests implications for ELT.

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Barros, BetaÌ‚nia Tanure de. "Perceptions of values of Brazillian managers : cross-cultural differences and simularities in Brazil." Thesis, Henley Business School, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270197.

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Fan, Zhongwei, and 范忠偉. "Cross-cultural differences in human information processing: an empirical study of Westerners andAsians." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41508865.

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Wu, Wei School of Information Technology Systems &amp Management UNSW. "Managing IT outsourcing relationships to enhance outcomes: cases in a cross-cultural context." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Information Technology, Systems, and Management, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25694.

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Information Technology (IT) outsourcing is a serious option available to modern managers. An emerging trend is the focus on relationship management in IT outsourcing, imploring organisations to look past tactical objectives and concentrate on strategic outcomes. In a global economy business sponsors are connecting with overseas vendors in IT outsourcing in an attempt to accelerate realisation of benefits. This complicates outsourcing arrangements, because cross-cultural differences may add to the complexity of fostering relationships. This study examines how to manage IT outsourcing relationships in a cross-cultural context to enhance IT outsourcing success. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, interpretivist case studies were adopted. The researcher investigated three IT outsourcing cases within one Chinese organisation. One case has a vendor with a western cultural background and the other two with a Chinese cultural background. The main data were collected through interviews with key managers in the case organisation, complemented by secondary data (such as published reports, internal documents). Some additional data concerning the cross-cultural differences were also collected from the two Chinese vendors and another western vendor who provided corporate strategy consulting services to the case organisation. Analysis of data showed that a good contract implementation, the established trust and the acknowledgement of vendor's high value were recognised as the three distinguishing characteristics of a satisfactory IT outsourcing relationship. In managing relationships the outsourcing company emphasised not only contract implementation but even more importantly communication with vendors, recognition of mutual interests, establishment of social/personal bonds, and appropriate allocation of project resources. It was shown that the relationship management practices influenced the dynamics of a relationship as well as the outcome of an IT outsourcing project. Furthermore, the relationship management in IT outsourcing was found to be culture-sensitive. By demonstrating that companies with different cultural background held different perceptions of relationship management practices and had different understandings of the nature and dynamics of the relationships, this study contributes to the understanding of relationship management in IT outsourcing, especially when cultural differences among the parties are involved. These findings also have practical implications for IT outsourcing involving global and partner-based alliances.

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Thomas, Chanel Tonya. "Influence of Acculturation and Individual Differences on Risk Judgments of Construction Laborers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33772.

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In 2002 the number of reported nonfatal injury and illness cases in the construction industry involving days away from work was over 98,000 for European-Americans (non Hispanic) and 26,000 for Hispanics. Disproportionate to the number of injury and illness cases, the construction industry is comprised of 68% European-Americans, 7% African-Americans and 23% Hispanics (BLS, 2004a).

Based on the expected increase in employment of construction laborers and the increase in the number of injuries and fatalities among specific ethnic groups, a need exists to study disparities across cultural groups to determine the basis for injury and fatality differences between these ethnic groups. The purpose of this research was to contribute to the literature, an effective method for predicting the risk judgments of laborers employed by small construction firms. Predicting the risk judgments of laborers will assist in developing training programs to address these risk factors, which ultimately will reduce injury and fatality rates.

Thirty-six construction laborers , 18 European-American and 18 Hispanic, were recruited for the research. Both ethnic groups were divided into two groups; the control and experimental groups. The control groups viewed a generic concrete construction video and the experimental groups viewed a People-Based Safety video. Each of the participants completed a demographic form, questionnaires, and the narrative simulations (pre-test). Following the narrative simulations the participants rated the narrative simulations, watched a video designated by group, and completed the narrative simulations (post-test). The narrative simulations were used to assess their ability to make risk judgments based on the information presented in the video. The questionnaires completed measured various individual differences, and were administered to detect confounding factors that may not be directly attributed to ethnicity. These questionnaires included: Phinneyâ s (1992) Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, Leonard, Hill, and Karnersâ (1989) Risk Perception Scale, Janicakâ s (1996) Accident Locus of Control Scale, Rooney and Osipowâ s (1992) Self-efficacy Measure, and Zoharâ s (1980) Safety Climate Measure. Participant prior exposure to incidents as well as experience in the construction industry was also included. These measures were used to determine if differences in risk perception, locus of control, experience, acculturation, incident exposure, education, self-efficacy, and safety climate had an influence on the ability to make safe risk judgments. Information on topics construction laborers would like included in safety training as well as the preferred method of training was obtained through the use of focus groups. Eleven participants from the experimental group were recruited for the focus groups; 5 European Americans and 6 Hispanics. One focus group was conducted for each ethnic group.

Six hypotheses were tested in this study: (1) there would be no difference in the risk judgments of European-American and Hispanic construction workers when given a choice of language, (2) more experienced construction workers would have more difficulty making safe judgments, (3) construction workers who have had more experience with safety related critical incidents in the workplace would have more difficulty making safe judgments, (4) construction workers who have lower levels of risk perception would have more difficulty making safe judgments, (5) construction workers who have an internal locus of control would have more difficulty making safe judgments than those who have an external locus of control, and (6) high acculturation participants would score higher on the narrative simulations than low acculturation participants following the video intervention. The first and fourth hypotheses were supported by the research. There were no significant differences found between the risk judgments of European-American and Hispanic construction workers, and risk perception was positively correlated to risk judgments. The remaining hypotheses were not supported by the research.

The major findings of the research are (1) there were no differences in the risk judgments of European-American and Hispanic construction laborers, (2) risk perception and safety climate were significant predictors of construction laborer risk judgments, and (3) the risk judgments of participants were significantly higher for individuals viewing a People-based Safety intervention. There are several advantages of having this information. First, the lack of differences between the two ethnic groups, demonstrates that both groups are able to make safe risk judgments when given the appropriate information in the correct form and language. Secondly, regression analysis using independent variables risk perception and safety climate, may be used to predict narrative simulation risk judgments. The positive relationship between risk perception and safety climate on safe risk judgments should encourage employers and trainers to increase employeesâ awareness of hazards on the job and increase employeesâ perception of the company safety climate. Hazards should be identified in addition to their consequences. Trainers should aim to increase workersâ perception of risk by relying on past negative outcomes that have a personal nature even if they are infrequent events. Third, experience was positively correlated to participantsâ confidence in their risk judgments on the narrative simulations. Trainers should not exclude the more experienced employees during training. Continuous training will allow more experienced employees to re-familiarize themselves with old hazards and become aware of new hazards. It is just as important for more experienced employees to be updated on risks because they are more confident in how they react to hazardous situations. It is in the best interest of the company for the confident employees to be confident in safe risk judgments.
Master of Science

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Akhtar, R. M. "Going beyond individual differences : exploring the impact of social networks, work environment and cross-cultural differences on entrepreneurial achievement." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1529201/.

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In academia and business, entrepreneurship has received considerable interest given its allure of autonomy, innovation and ability to produce considerable amounts of wealth and value (Hisrich, Langan-Fox & Grant, 2007). In essence, the start-up is the new ‘garage rock band’ with its promises of fame and fortune. Yet, this analogy is sobered by the fact that the majority of start-ups fail to grow and become sustainable businesses (Shane, 2008). In light of this, the question of which entrepreneurial ventures do go on to achieve success and grow, and in what contexts, becomes of primary interest. Given that entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic, technological and social progress, understanding the antecedents of entrepreneurial achievement has important theoretical and practical implications (Kuratko, 2007). Psychologists have conducted much research into the role of individual differences in the attainment of entrepreneurial achievements (e.g. organisational growth, innovation & value creation), alongside situational theorists who have identified the various ways in which contextual factors aid achievement. There remains however a significant lack of research that has attempted to integrate the two approaches. It is argued that doing so will extend both academic and practitioner understanding of how entrepreneurial talent is expressed, developed, and produces achievement. Using an interactionist approach (Tett & Burnett, 2003), this thesis sets forth the hypothesis that although an individual’s entrepreneurial talent is important, its relationship with achievement is influenced by relevant contextual factors that are expressed at the micro, meso and macro levels of the environment. Appreciating the wealth of situational entrepreneurship research, the current thesis explores this hypothesis across multiple levels of analysis. Particular attention is paid to the influences of social capital, organisational culture, and cross-cultural differences between developing economies. This thesis begins with a review of the psychological and contextual determinants of entrepreneurial achievement, and outlines key gaps in the literature. Based on this, a series of hypotheses were proposed that sought to explain how contextual factors influence the relationship between individual differences and entrepreneurial achievement. Together, this served as the theoretical foundation for subsequent empirical chapters. The first empirical chapter of this thesis integrated both personality and social capital theory (Burt, 2004), by using social network analysis to demonstrate the influence of social capital as a moderator in the relationship between personality traits and achievement. These results not only demonstrated the indirect effect individual differences holds with achievement, via social and relational factors, it also integrated two distinct research methodologies: psychometrics and social network analysis. There is much research that has explored what constitutes an organisation’s culture to be creative or innovative (Anderson, Potočnik & Zhou, 2014), yet, this is not the case when discussing entrepreneurship. Accordingly, the second empirical chapter describes the development and validation of such a psychometric measure. In particular, this measure assesses the extent to which an organisation’s culture supports and encourages entrepreneurial activity and achievement. This measure consists of four dimensions: Leadership Style, Employee Values, Empowerment & Team Behaviour. This Entrepreneurial Culture Inventory was found to hold concurrent and incremental validity in the prediction of entrepreneurial achievement, self-efficacy work engagement and employee’s intention to quit their jobs. Furthermore, it was found to positively moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial talent and achievement. These findings address a lack of understanding in how organisations can encourage entrepreneurial practices and achievements amongst their employees. The final empirical chapter sought to explore the stability of the entrepreneurial talent and achievement relationship across emerging market economies, and also whether differences in gender, socioeconomic and financial factors (e.g. macro contextual influences) mediated this relationship. Collecting data from a sample of over 18,000 microfinance loan applicants, across seven emerging market economies, a multi-group structural equation model revealed that the relationship between entrepreneurial talent and achievement is stable across a variety of countries. These analyses also found no gender differences in entrepreneurial talent between male and female entrepreneurs. In fact, it was found that the reason for gender differences in achievement is the result of external factors, namely, the type of business ventures males and females pursue, and the amount of funding each gender receives. These results demonstrated macro contextual factors to have a significant impact on achievement, irrespective of an individual’s level of entrepreneurial talent. These findings have implications for leaders and organisations that are responsible for growing a nation’s economy and promoting gender equality. Reviewing the discussed literature, and the results presented within each chapter, this thesis has successfully extended individual difference theories of entrepreneurship by integrating contextual factors. Specifically, the impact of context on this relationship was empirically demonstrated across micro, meso and macro levels of analysis. This suggests that although individual differences are important antecedents of entrepreneurial achievement, context plays a significant role in activating and enabling an individual’s entrepreneurial talent. More so, this research was carried out using a mixture of research methodologies and techniques, some of which are new to the study of individual differences and entrepreneurship. Together, it can be concluded that this thesis has addressed key gaps in current understanding, and contributed towards a growing body of psychological research. Recommendations for future research and practice are discussed.

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Mar, Wanna. "Cross-cultural differences in parenting and moral development in late adolescence, a narrative approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21885.pdf.

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Griffith, Sandy. "Cross-Cultural Differences in Attitudes toward Domestic Violence between Trinidadian and American College Students." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/759.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf
Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Psychology

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Fan, Zhongwei. "Cross-cultural differences in human information processing an empirical study of Westerners and Asians /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41508865.

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Bosire, John Kennedy. "A Client-Vendor Relationship Perspective of Cultural Differences on Cross-Border Information Technology Outsourcing." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1595.

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Cross-border information technology (IT) outsourcing continues to rise due to the demand for business process outsourcing. Issues such as miscommunication and management problems have emerged because of cross-cultural disparities between clients and vendors across national borders. The theoretical framework of this study was based on the organizational culture model studies of Meek, Spradley, Smith, and Draft for examining and understanding complex organizational practices. The purpose of this mixed-methods explanatory sequential case study was to qualitatively identify and quantitatively determine the management approaches that are effective in managing cross-cultural differences and the constitution of the elements of global adjustment, motivation, mindset, and communication patterns involving outsourcing business leaders in the United States. Ten IT leaders participated in-depth face-to-face interviews, while 120 IT outsourced service providers from the United Kingdom, Canada, Singapore, and India completed the survey. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed on quantitative survey data. Qualitative data from interviews were organized, coded, and the results generated 6 themes. The themes included no management issues in the current processes, a lack of formal management approaches to resolve cross-cultural issues, an intent to provide a strong management partnership platform, and a positive relationship between approaches. Quantitative results showed that formal management approaches positively correlated with global adjustment, motivation, mindset, and communication pattern. Results could be socially significant to IT business leaders, as these results will equip them with knowledge of effective practices and management approaches to address cultural diversity issues, programs, and policies in the industry.

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Shaw, Dara Gay. "Cross-cultural gender dynamics in classroom interaction the adult ESOL classroom /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1811.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 401, 2 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-275).

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Trebes, Claudia. "A cross-cultural investigation in suggestibility and creative imagination in young adults." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1245.

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Ye, Lei. "The impact of gender effects on consumers' perceptions of brand equity: A cross-cultural investigation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9007/.

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Despite a long-standing tradition to view gender as a unitary theoretical construct, there is an increasing approbation afforded to gender identity as a multifarious construct. Over and above physiological characteristics, gender identity is a psychological and a social construct. More than simply a biological classification, both gender and gender identity have been explored as portentous moderators of consumers' cognitive and emotive states, brand attributions and shopping behaviors. How might gender differences be manifested in building and sustaining brand relationships? This is the seminal question addressed in the present research. The overarching objective of this research is to address how the broadened conceptualization of gender impacts customer-based brand equity across U.S. and Chinese consumers. The focal populations of interest are related to markedly different levels of brand penetration in each a post-developed and transitional market setting. Furthermore, it provides a platform for investigating how gender identities may differ across two of the largest consumer buying groups in the global marketplace. Toward this goal, this research explores the multidimensionality of gender as a construct, and then empirically investigates how an extended view of gender may or may not impact consumer-based brand equity. Based on an integration of extant theories in gender identity and self-congruity, this study proposes a research framework to investigate the relationship among gender identity, brand connections, and consumer-based brand equity. An online survey was conducted to collect consumer panel data in the U.S. and China respectively. Results from regression analysis and path analysis suggest that physiological gender alone cannot adequately explain consumers' brand perceptions. The empirical analysis offers further support for including three unique gender related constructs (physiological gender, psychological gender traits, and gender role attitudes) to understand gender-related consumer behavior. The results also indicate that brand connections serve as important intermediate steps to understand the relationship between gender identity and consumer-based brand equity.

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Adigun, Isaac Olusola. "A study of cross-national and sub-cultural differences in job attitudes of Nigerian employees." Thesis, University of Kent, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328115.

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Shen, Chen. "Cross-cultural Differences in Math Persistence: Exploring the Roles of Academic Mindsets and Social Goals." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108095.

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Thesis advisor: Marina Vasilyeva
The ability to persist when encountering challenges is critical to math learning. However, little research has investigated cross-cultural differences in behavioral persistence during math problem-solving. Furthermore, factors and mechanisms that can help explain these potential differences are poorly investigated. The present research documented the existence of cross-cultural variability in persistence and investigated the role of two sets of motivational factors –academic mindsets and social goals - in explaining persistence. Participants were college students from top universities in Massachusetts, U.S. (N=157) and Beijing, China (N=101). The study included two sessions. In the first session, participants completed questionnaires on academic mindsets (including beliefs about the malleability of general intelligence, math ability, and effort), self-construal, endorsement and internalization of social goals. In the second session, participants completed two math tasks, during which their persistence was assessed with two measures: Task Preference (level of preference for continuing on a challenging math task), and Persistence Time (amount of time spent on a challenging math problem). Results showed that Chinese participants were more persistent, as measured by Persistence Time but not Task Preference. Further, participants’ academic math-specific mindsets predicted their persistence in math problem solving. Students from both countries showed similar effect of beliefs about math ability: participants who were more growth-minded (i.e., viewed this ability as more malleable) were more likely to persist than other students after receiving negative feedback on prior performance. However, effort beliefs predicted persistence in a culturally-specific way: among Chinese participants, those who were less growth-minded were more persistent. In addition to mindsets, self-construal predicted math persistence. For students from both countries, interdependent self-construal predicted higher persistence. Moreover, endorsement and internalization of some social goals (affiliation and responsibility) interacted in predicting persistence for Chinese participants. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that academic mindsets and social goals play important roles in math problem-solving persistence, but these roles vary by culture. These findings help deepen our understanding of behavioral persistence as well as cross-cultural differences in math problem-solving
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology

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Yamada, Joey. "Examining the Cross-Cultural Differences in Affect Valuation: Whites, East Asians, and Third Culture Kids." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1750.

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This paper explores the cross-cultural differences in affect valuation, emotion regulation, and the relationship between affect valuation, emotion regulation and subjective well-being across White Americans, Asians, and Third Culture Kids (TCKs). Emotional experiences shape every facet of our lives, yet understanding the extent to which emotional experiences are universal is still poorly understood. This is particularly the case among individuals with diverse cultural experiences. In the current study, we look at TCK individuals, a group composed of White-identifying individuals who spent a significant time of their childhood in East Asian countries. Through a questionnaire that was distributed via email and word of mouth, participants (N = 239) were asked to complete five surveys that included a subjective well-being scale, the affect valuation index, an emotion regulation questionnaire, an interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire, and a set of scenarios that tested the individual’s tendency to feel a duty to themselves or to others. This study found that the Asian group significantly valued low arousal emotions more so than European Americans or the TCK individuals. TCKs were most likely to feel a strong sense of duty to help others.

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Alexandersson, Elin, and Rasha Matlak. "Cultural Differences in Fashion Magazines : Targeting Vogue." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12715.

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The purpose of this study is to examine how different cultures within clothing and fashion are featured in the magazine Vogues fashion reportages. The aim is to enlighten editors with infashion media of these cultural differences in order to increase diversity. To pursue the purpose of the study a qualitative approach was chosen where photographs were used as the data that later on was studied through an image analysis. The study looks at six different editions of the fashion magazine Vogue, which indicates a chosen research design as multiple case studies. The six Vogue editions are: US, Japan, Paris, Arabia, India and Brazil, in which clothes, color and context have been analyzed in each editions reportages. The editions Vogue US, Vogue Japan, Vogue Paris, Vogue Arabia, Vogue India and Vogue Brazil reportages wa sanalyzed and compared, and distinct cultural differences was seen in terms of color, cultural clothing and fashion contexts. While Vogue US, Vogue Japan and Vogue Brazil had a widerange in diversity regarding models with different appearance, which were light-skinned anddark-skinned, Vogue Arabia, Vogue India and Vogue Paris had not. Vogue Arabia, Vogue India, Vogue US and Vogue Japan were however diverse in the cultural clothing, where clothes that was shown in the reportages was a mix of different cultural clothes. The researchers therefore found Vogue US and Vogue Japan the most diverse.

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Li, Xuemei. "Identity re/construction of cross-cultural graduate students." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1130.

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Avdic, Nasiha, and Israa Badran. "How do consumers perceive online advertising? : a cross cultural comparison between Sweden and China." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9795.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate cultural differences in consumer perception of online advertising. As the Internet grows it has become important for companies to adjust website design to cultural differences in online advertising. Internet users are more comfortable with website design related to their own culture. There have been a limited number of previous investigation regarding website design and our study aims to fill this gap. Schwartz cultural values are used to investigate cultural differences on a micro level. Our study aims to compare Sweden and China based on cultural values. The two countries were chosen because of the cultural differences. Schwartz cultural values have been selected since Schwartz investigates cultural differences on an individual level. The result of the dissertation indicates that there are other factors than colour text and image that influence consumers’ perception of the website design. One of the challenges in the dissertation was to connect the conceptual model to the collected data from the focus group interviews. However, some of the Schwartz’s cultural values could be captured where the participants were motivated by the culture in the responses. The result of the study can be used for companies and their website design in connection to Swedish and Chinese culture. The investigation gave us more understanding regarding the area of online advertising in connection to website design.

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Young, Jennifer L. "Chinese-American Transnational Marriage: Cultural differences and marital satisfaction." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1331043787.

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Lindholm, Johan. "Arbeta och leva i Kina : Upplevda kulturella skillnader från ett svenskt perspektiv." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-370.

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En ökad handel med Kina har inneburit att fler svenskar arbetar och bor där tillfälligt. Det betyder att det finns intresse att undersöka kulturella skillnader för att underlätta anpassningar vid arbete och fritid. Åtta personer med erfarenhet av att arbeta och leva i Kina intervjuades. Resultatet visade på betydande skillnader i kommunikation, tidsuppfattning, organisation, relationer och socialt beteende. Kommunikationssvårigheter fanns både under arbete och vid fritid vilket berodde på språket i sig samt olika kommunikationsstilar. Den hierarkiska organisationen bidrog till att saker tog längre tid, men goda relationerna upplevdes minska tidsåtgången. Socialt beteende skiljde sig till exempel vid bordskick. För att motverka skillnaderna underlättar ett gott tålamod samt en kulturell förståelse och acceptans. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån skillnaderna i de kulturella samhällsvärderingarna.

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Christopherson, Geoffrey John, and n/a. "Coping with cultural differences : b the development of generic capabilities in logistics graduates." RMIT University. Education, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090625.102224.

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This thesis investigates development of generic capabilities in an RMIT undergraduate logistics degree program. Generic capabilities are those general graduate attributes that are not specifically discipline-focused, examples being communication and teamwork skills. A major research objective of this thesis is the extent to which graduates perceived that generic capabilities were developed in their RMIT logistics undergraduate program, specifically in a cross-cultural context spanning a range of organisations differing in size and ownership structure. The thesis involves two studies. In Study 1 managers from eight organisations, ranging in size from multi-national to small public and private (family-owned) companies were interviewed to develop a series of qualitative organisational case studies using grounded theory methodology. Study 2 is a quantitative survey of 31 Australian and 25 Asian (Singapore and Hong Kong) logistic graduates from 1996 to 2002. In Study 1, generic capabilities rankings in different organisations varied, depending on whether managers being interviewed were operational or human resource management specialists, but there was general agreement that communication, problem-solving, initiative and enterprise, and teamwork skills were highest priority. Study 2 results indicate that the views of both Asian and Australian graduates are in line with the management rankings, and are consistent with those reported by Australian and OECD government and industry research organisations. Both graduate groups agree that generic capabilities are covered in the RMIT logistic program, but ratings are generally in an 'adequate' to 'good' range, with no outstanding features. Although cultural diversity in the student body is seen as a major benefit, there are little data indicating a high level of Australian and Asian student networking, and a number of respondents are critical of a lack of international focus in the present program. A major issue is a n eed for more emphasis on presentation and problem-solving skills so graduates are able to carry through a project from initiation to completion.

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Lee, Grace Leung. "Cultural Differences in the Relationship Between Feedback-Seeking Motives and Feedback-Seeking Behaviors." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1374499755.

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Chang, Showline Yi-Yun. "Personality trait as a moderator in the relationship between gender stereotype and gender bias in initial selection decisions : a cross-cultural study." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28789.

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Ishibashi, Yoshimi. "Cross cultural comparison between the United States and Japan: Executive traits." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3392.

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This study examined comparisons of gender stereotypes of executives in two cultures, American and Japanese. Undergraduate students in Japan and the U.S. estimated the extent to which executives in general, male and female exectuives possessed person-oriented and task-oriented leadership traits.

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Tuna, Mana Ece. "Cross-cultural Differences In Coping Strategies As Predictors Of University Adjustment Of Turkish And U.s. Students." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/579318/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in the effects of different coping strategies on different dimensions of university adjustment of the first-year students in Turkey and in the United States. The data were gathered by administering three instruments, Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ), Brief COPE, and Demographic Sheet (DS) to 1143 first-year university students from Turkey (n = 695) and U.S. (n = 448). In the data analysis, first, the equivalence of the instruments between Turkish and U.S. samples were determined. A series of multiple hierarchical regression analysis was then carried out to examine the cultural differences in coping strategies (Self-Distraction, Active Coping, Denial, Substance Use, Using Emotional Support, Behavioral Disengagement, Positive Reframing, Planning, Humor, and Religion) as predictors of overall and four dimensions of university adjustment, namely, Academic Adjustment, Social Adjustment, Personal/Emotional Adjustment, and Goal Commitment/Institutional Attachment. The results revealed that there were cross-cultural differences in the effects of behavioral disengagement on social adjustment, goal commitment/institutional attachment, and overall adjustment. Differences were also found for the effects of religion and positive reframing on personal/emotional and overall adjustment. Finally, the effect of active coping was found to be significantly different on academic adjustment of first-year students from Turkey and the U.S.

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Lloyd, Helen Mary. "Ethnic differences inperceived parental burden and service use patterns in schizophrenia : a cross-cultural, cohort study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445778.

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Bertsch, Andy. "Exploring Perceptions of Values in U.S. Managers : Interstate Cross-Cultural Differences and Similarities within the U.S.A." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528232.

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Ishii, Kimiko. "Cross-cultural differences in facial expressions : a study of an Asian American and an Asian national." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1304656.

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Many researchers have suggested that facial expressions are universal. However, others hold a more nuanced view: That despite universal similarities, facial expressions are culture-specific. In the current study, facial expressions of an Asian American and an Asian national were studied using scenes from two television dramas from the United States and Japan. Similarities and differences were found between the facial expressions of the two characters. The existence of similarities supports the basic universality of facial expressions, while differences were found which support the perspective that facial expressions are culture-specific. These differences were primarily in the relationships between the intensity levels of the external expressions and the internal experiences of the two people. The findings indicate that even when people share basic facial features, the ways they express their emotions differ according to the cultures in which they grew up.
Department of Speech Communication

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Chae, Yunekyong. "Cross-cultural Differences Between Korean and American College Students’ Perceptions of Sexual Harassment in Conversational Appropriateness." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1189720491.

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Chen, Ruoxi. "A Cross-Cultural Study of Never-Married Chinese and American Adults' Mate Selection Perceptions and Criteria." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52372.

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Mate selection has garnered much attention in the existing literature. However, most mate selection research has reviewed mate selection preferences and criteria individually. In this study, the researcher attempted to illustrate mate selection as an interactive process in which individuals are affected by external influences, and their mate selection criteria are influenced by their self-appraisals and their perceptions of others' mate selection criteria. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 was based on social exchange theory, sexual strategies theory, and social context frameworks, and used multiple-group structural equation modeling to describe the relationships among gender, receptivity to external influences on mate selection, self-perceived relative mate selection position, and relative mate selection demand, between Chinese and American never-married heterosexual adults. The results indicated that the model fit the data well. Self-perceived relative mate selection position and relative mate selection demand were negatively correlated. Women had a higher relative mate selection demand than men did. Self-perceived relative mate selection position fully mediated the effect of receptivity to external influences on relative mate selection, though the indirect effect was not significant. Path values did not differ between Chinese participants and American participants. Study 2 confirmed that the model fit the data well and replicated all significant correlations among latent variables found in Study 1. Additionally, Study 2 found that receptivity to external influences and self-perceived relative mate selection position were positively correlated, and that receptivity to external influences had a negative indirect effect on relative mate selection demand, fully mediated by relative mate selection position. Lastly, the researcher discussed findings, implications, strengths, limitations, and future directions of the present study.
Ph. D.

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Campbell, Claudia M. "Ethnic differences in responses to multiple experimental pain stimuli." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0003881.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004.
Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 32 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Pantzar, Kristoffer, and Jimmie Podgorniak. "How to inspire Chinese employees to become more innovative? : a study of HRM practices in Swedish companies operating in China." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9679.

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Since China opened up to the outside world in 1978, a tremendous economic development took place. China is today still a fast growing economy. With a huge population that makes up for an enormous market along with relatively low labor costs, China is very attractive for foreign companies. When foreign companies expand and establish in China, many aspects must be taken into consideration. Aspects like cultural differences must be considered by the foreign managers as well as how to manage the Chinese employees in human relations. Having innovative employees are beneficial to any company. However, the way to influence employees to be innovative can differ from one culture to another. There is little research done on Swedish companies operating in China and how they influence their Chinese employees to be innovative. The aim of this thesis is to provide some insight into this matter. The thesis takes a deductive approach, and the investigation is performed quantitatively by a survey. The survey is answered by the Chinese employees that are currently working in Swedish companies where they are to rank the presence of several Strategic Human Resource Management practices. Also, their perceptions on Chinese cultural aspects are investigated. The results from this thesis will point out the most successful practices in influencing the Chinese employees’ innovativeness, but also the cultural factors that can obstruct innovativeness. This research may be of value for Swedish companies, as well for Swedish managers hoping to establish themselves in China.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cross-cultural differences'

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