Academic literature on the topic 'Cross country diversification'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cross country diversification"
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Cavaglia, Stefano M. F. G., Dimitris Melas, and George Tsouderos. "Cross-Industry and Cross-Country International Equity Diversification." Journal of Investing 9, no. 1 (February 29, 2000): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/joi.2000.319401.
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Kim, Kyung-Min. "Cross-Country Convergence in Export Product Diversification." Journal of Industrial Economics and Business 36, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 463–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22558/jieb.2023.6.36.3.463.
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Gouvea, Raul, and Gautam Vora. "Reassessing Export Diversification Strategies: A Cross-Country Comparison." Modern Economy 06, no. 01 (2015): 96–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2015.61009.
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Falkinger, Josef, and Josef Zweimüller. "The cross-country Engel curve for product diversification." Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 7, no. 1 (March 1996): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0954-349x(95)00039-p.
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Ghilal, Rachid, Ahmed Marhfor, M'Zali Bouchra, and Jean Jacques Lilti. "Are Strategies for International Diversification by Country, Industry and Region Equivalent?" ACRN Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives 10, no. 1 (2021): 204–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35944/jofrp.2021.10.1.011.
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In this study, we examine whether international portfolio diversification still matters despite an increase in the cross-country correlations of assets returns. More specifically, we explain why an increase in global return correlations does not necessarily imply a reduction in the benefits of international portfolio diversification. We also propose to compare empirically two traditional strategies of international diversification (by country and industry) in addition to a new strategy (by region) using two different methodological approaches, namely the mean variance spanning and multivariate cointegration analysis. Over the full sample period (1994- 2008), our results suggest that the three strategies of international diversification remain effective despite the secular increase in the cross-country return correlations. When we divide the sample into two different sub-periods (1994-2000 and 2000-2008), the findings indicate that the strategy based on regional diversification proved to be a new competing strategy during the second period in comparison to the other two traditional strategies.
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Caselli, Francesco, Miklós Koren, Milan Lisicky, and Silvana Tenreyro. "Diversification Through Trade*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 135, no. 1 (September 19, 2019): 449–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz028.
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Abstract A widely held view is that openness to international trade leads to higher income volatility, as trade increases specialization and hence exposure to sector-specific shocks. Contrary to this common wisdom, we argue that when country-wide shocks are important, openness to international trade can lower income volatility by reducing exposure to domestic shocks and allowing countries to diversify the sources of demand and supply across countries. Using a quantitative model of trade, we assess the importance of the two mechanisms (sectoral specialization and cross-country diversification) and show that in recent decades international trade has reduced economic volatility for most countries.
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Ali, Md Hakim, Md Akther Uddin, Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous Chowdhury, and Mansur Masih. "Cross-country evidence of Islamic portfolio diversification: are there opportunities in Saudi Arabia?" Managerial Finance 45, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-03-2018-0126.
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Purpose On the backdrop of growing importance of Shariah compliant equity markets, the purpose of this paper is to study cross-country portfolio diversification benefits for investors with major trading partners of Saudi Arabia, namely, USA, China, Japan, Germany and India, who have already invested or tend to invest in Saudi Arabian stock market. Design/methodology/approach The authors have investigated time invariant, dynamic correlations at different investments horizons of the investors among Islamic asset classes by applying relevant econometric techniques like multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic –DCC and continuous wavelet transforms. For robustness, this study also applied maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform. Findings The findings tend to indicate that the Saudi Arabian investors have portfolio diversification benefits with all major trading partners in the short-term investment horizon. Interestingly, Saudi Arabian market has the least portfolio diversification benefits with the Chinese market. However, in the long run, all markets are correlated, yielding minimum portfolio diversification benefits and most importantly Saudi Arabian investors have portfolio diversification benefits with the Indian Islamic equity market in almost all investment horizons. The findings are highly consistent across different econometric technique estimations. Research limitations/implications The authors are only considering five major trading partners of Saudi Arabia. Also, the authors are using S&P and FTSE shari’ah index. Moreover, the time period of the study is constrained by the availability of shari’ah indices. Econometric limitations are also well documented in the literature. Practical implications The results could be beneficial for the investors, portfolio managers, hedge fund managers and institutional investors and also could be useful for the policy makers in their policy-making decisions. Originality/value Only very few studies have looked into the benefits of international portfolio diversification from the perspective of local investors as well as the portfolio diversification benefits with the major trading partners of Saudi Arabia. One of the novelties of the method is to make the stock investors, practitioners and policy makers aware of the portfolio diversification benefits available at different time scales such as 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 256 trading days as investment holding periods to unveil the true dynamics of co-movement between those different assets.
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Le, Tu DQ, Van TH Nguyen, and Son H. Tran. "Geographic loan diversification and bank risk: A cross-country analysis." Cogent Economics & Finance 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1809120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1809120.
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Liow, Kim Hiang. "Linkages between cross-country business cycles, cross-country stock market cycles and cross-country real estate market cycles." Journal of European Real Estate Research 9, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-05-2015-0024.
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Purpose This research aims to investigate whether and to what extent the co-movements of cross-country business cycles, cross-country stock market cycles and cross-country real estate market cycles are linked across G7 from February 1990 to June 2014. Design/methodology/approach The empirical approaches include correlation analysis on Hodrick–Prescott (HP) cycles, HP cycle return spillovers effects using Diebold and Yilmaz’s (2012) spillover index methodology, as well as Croux et al.’s (2001) dynamic correlation and cohesion methodology. Findings There are fairly strong cycle-return spillover effects between the cross-country business cycles, cross-country stock market cycles and cross-country real estate market cycles. The interactions among the cross-country business cycles, cross-country stock market cycles and cross-country real estate market cycles in G7 are less positively pronounced or exhibit counter-cyclical behavior at the traditional business cycle (medium-term) frequency band when “pure” stock market cycles are considered. Research limitations/implications The research is subject to the usual limitations concerning empirical research. Practical implications This study finds that real estate is an important factor in influencing the degree and behavior of the relationship between cross-country business cycles and cross-country stock market cycles in G7. It provides important empirical insights for portfolio investors to understand and forecast the differential benefits and pitfalls of portfolio diversification in the long-, medium- and short-cycle horizons, as well as for research studying the linkages between the real economy and financial sectors. Originality/value In adding to the existing body of knowledge concerning economic globalization and financial market interdependence, this study evaluates the linkages between business cycles, stock market cycles and public real estate market cycles cross G7 and adds to the academic real estate literature. Because public real estate market is a subset of stock market, our approach is to use an original stock market index, as well as a “pure” stock market index (with the influence of real estate market removed) to offer additional empirical insights from two key complementary perspectives.
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Akram, Vaseem, and Badri Narayan Rath. "DOES EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION LEAD TO INCOME CONVERGENCE? EVIDENCE FROM CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 23, no. 3 (December 2, 2020): 319–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v23i3.1251.
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In this study, we examine the role of export diversification in the convergence of per capita income (output). By applying the dynamic system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to a panel dataset consisting of 95 countries, we find evidence of both absolute and conditional divergence for the full sample and the subsamples based on income and regions. Thus, our findings suggest that, although high export diversification boosts the per capita income (output), it does not significantly reduce per capita income (output) gap between rich and poor countries.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cross country diversification"
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Dastidar, Protiti. "Effect of multinational diversification on firm value : a cross-country evaluation." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272979156.
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Gorny, Moritz Fabio. "Time-varying benefits of cross-asset and cross-region portfolio diversification." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/19010.
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The thesis uses return data on equities, bonds, commodities and real estate for the U.S., Europe, Asia and Latin America to examine diversification potentials. The analysis focuses on benefits of cross-asset and cross-region diversification as well as the impact of financial distress on those strategies and portfolio performances. It concludes that diversification benefits vary over time and decrease in bear markets due to higher correlation. Investmentgrade bonds and gold have shown the highest diversification benefits for equity investors during financial distress. Assets from emerging markets seem to be less sensitive to global market drops and show more constant performances.
A tese utiliza dados de retorno sobre ações, títulos, commodities e imóveis para os EUA, Europa, Ásia e América Latina para examinar os potenciais de diversificação. A análise centra-se nos benefícios da diversificação entre ativos e entre regiões, bem como o impacto do sofrimento financeiro nessas estratégias e desempenhos da carteira. Conclui que os benefícios da diversificação variam ao longo do tempo e diminuem nos mercados ostentosos devido à maior correlação. Os títulos de grau de investimento e o ouro mostraram os maiores benefícios de diversificação para os investidores de capital durante o sofrimento financeiro. Os ativos dos mercados emergentes parecem ser menos sensíveis às quedas do mercado global e mostram performances mais constantes.
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Roy, Tamojit. "CROSS COUNTRY DIVERSIFICATION OF FUND AND RISK MANAGEMENT: LESSONS FOR INDIAN INVESTORS." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/976.
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Lugeiyamu, Eric. "Is Export Diversification a Key Force to Africa’s Economic Growth? : Cross-Country Evidence." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30541.
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The study examines the influence (effects) of export diversification in defining economic growth differences across Africa and it tests its robustness in different samples and estimation techniques compared to other variables of trade namely, trade openness and export growth. It applies an augmented Solow growth model in a cross-section dataset for the period of 1998 to 2009 with all three trade variables tested under a single framework. It is found that countries with more diversified exports generally experienced faster economic growth; therefore, variation in export diversification levels explains the observed growth differences across Africa. The results show that both export diversification and export growth are robust determinants of economic growth rates in the region while trade openness is not. The findings have a strong bearing on trade policy by emphasising the importance of more diversified exports to mitigate the negative impacts of global economic shocks to economic growth in the region.
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Roy, Tamojit. "Cross country diver sification of fund and risk management: lessons for Indian investors." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2014. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/1516.
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Bai, Ye. "Sources of cross-sectional variations in stock returns and risk : an empirical analysis of emerging markets." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8034.
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It is well established in the financial economics literature that potential gains from international diversification are generated from the imperfect correlation between national stock market returns. This empirical study explores the factors that impede perfect integration among national equity markets by examining emerging markets data. The first major topic of the dissertation is to re-visit the debate on the relative importance of country and industry effects in the cross-sectional variation of stock returns. By applying the standard Heston and Rouwenhorst (1994) dummy variable decomposition method to $U. S. nominal returns from 11 industry sectors of 13 emerging markets from 1984 to 2004, this work confirms that country effects do play a dominant role in determining the cross-sectional variation in stock returns in emerging markets but since late 1990s, the industry effects have become increasingly important. This conclusion is robust even after the removal of three potential biases: inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate effects, all of which may amplify the country effects. The second topic is to investigate the debate from the perspective of stock risk. Stock risk is modeled and calculated independently from a return model with ARCH type errors. By applying the standard dummy variable decomposition method to stock risks, the empirical evidence is found to support the conclusions drawn on stock return decompositions. Finally, in order to find the fundamental sources of the country and industry factors, pure country and industry effects are then regressed on fundamental characteristics of country and industry. The findings show that the change in the variables representing the exchange rate can explain a substantial amount of the country effect variations, while at the same time, banking and stock markets development also contribute to the variations. The regressions also find evidence that the legal origin of the market does matter to stock returns. Regressions on industry effects are not as promising as the results of the country effects regression. Only the geographical concentration of industries is found to explain a small amount of the industry effects.
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Troudart, Jessy. "Analyse et comparaison des stratégies d’internationalisation des banques." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40046/document.
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Les stratégies d’internationalisation des banques européennes sont-elles efficaces ? Cette thèse analyse le lien entre l’internationalisation des banques et leur performance. L’objectif étant de vérifier s’il existe des modalités d’implantation qui expliquent les écarts de bénéfices entre les établissements bancaires européens. Nous nous focalisons sur trois types de stratégies d’implantation : l’installation de filiales, les alliances ou partenariats avec des entreprises étrangères et les fusions et acquisitions transfrontalières. Parmi les filiales étrangères nous distinguons les filiales qui portent l’enseigne du groupe de celles qui portent un autre nom. Cette distinction nous permet d’analyser l’impact sur la performance du choix de garder ou non l’enseigne du groupe lors du déploiement international. Nos résultats montrent qu’il existe bien des modalités expliquant des différences de rentabilité entre les établissements. En effet, il semble qu’une implantation via des filiales portant le nom du groupe bancaire ait un impact négatif sur la performance. Par ailleurs, nous avons aussi relevé que la réalisation de partenariats transfrontaliers dans plus de dix secteurs différents n’est pas bénéfique pour la banqueAre European banks’ cross-border strategies effective? This thesis analyzes the relationship between European banks’internationalization strategies and their performance. We investigate whether there are internationalization strategies that explain differences between European banks’ profits. We focus on three types of implementation strategies: at first, the installation of subsidiaries, then, alliances or partnerships with foreign companies and last but not least, cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Among foreign subsidiaries we distinguish those which carry the the group’s brand from those which carry a different name. This distinction allows us to analyze the results a bank can expect by keeping its company name while expanding overseas. Our results show that there are strategies that explain differences in profitability between institutions. Indeed, it appears that internationalization through subsidiaries with a brand perspective has a negative impact on performance. In addition, we also note that the implementation of cross-border partnerships in more than ten different sectors is not beneficial for the bank
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Lin, Chi-Hsuan, and 林紀璿. "The Cross Levels Empirical Research of Country Diversification, Regional Diversification and Performance." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94510017019626785949.
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博士國立雲林科技大學
企業管理系博士班
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Multinational corporations (MNCs) in the context of globalization, MNCs have to face competitions on the domestic front as well as from abroad. With factors such as market expansion and increased source of resource, MNCs can to focus FDI. How to sum up the experience, knowledge compiled and then become strategy to improve MNCs performance and become MNCs and academia research issues. Previous performance and international diversification of empirical studies are quite different, suggesting that: international diversification and the relationship between the performance and international diversification is more complex than generally imagined, their relationship is ignored by many factors resulting key. Therefore, this study reviewed the angle dependent economies to discuss a new measure of international diversification, as well as the possible endogeneity problem, the international diversification of small economies closer to the MNCs from the status quo. In this study, Taiwan MNCs as an international diversification study sample and panel regression to conduct country diversification, regional diversification (dependence index), in fact, evidence shows that a country (region) In terms of a high concentration of investments in mutual view another specific country (region), which will create a dependency theory described as benign economic system, and the MNCs highly concentrated in a particular country''s FDI will create an outstanding performance. Especially MNCs in the country diversification process, the competitiveness of enterprises marketing capabilities, the excess return index to the country in the process of diversification is a positive correlation hypothesis was not supported, the system should be the host country or business affected by the formation of protectionist barriers influence; these factors will lead to MNCs promote country diversification vain.
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Gorny, Moritz. "Time-varying benefits of cross-asset and cross-region portfolio diversification." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/26979.
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The thesis uses return data on equities, bonds, commodities and real estate
for the U.S., Europe, Asia and Latin America to examine diversification
potentials. The analysis focuses on benefits of cross-asset and cross-region
diversification as well as the impact of financial distress on those strategies
and portfolio performances. It concludes that diversification benefits vary
over time and decrease in bear markets due to higher correlation.
Investment grade bonds and gold have shown the highest diversification
benefits for equity investors during financial distress. Assets from
emerging markets seem to be less sensitive to global market drops and
show more constant performances.
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Hao-ChengWang and 王皓正. "Cross-country evidence on the Value of Corporate Diversification and Legal Systems." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04639970666613822455.
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碩士國立成功大學
財務金融研究所
99
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of industrial and international diversification on the value of the firm and the relationship between the country』s legal system and the value of corporate diversification. We seek to test those effects by using the excess value developed in Berger and Ofek (1995). We obtain data from Worldscope datasets during the period 2000 to 2006. Consistent with previous studies, we find that industrial and international diversification has value-reducing effects. However, industrially diversified firms have value-enhancing effects and internationally diversified firms have less value-reducing effects when excluding the U.S. and Japan firms. From this result, we confirm that value-reducing effects do not occur consistently in all of the countries. Hence, we employ the legal system. We find that value-reducing effects are largest among countries where the legal system is of English origin. Moreover, value-enhancing effects occur in countries where the legal system is of German, Scandinavian or French origin. One explanation of these results is that internal capital markets generated through corporate diversification are more valuable (or less costly) in countries where there is less shareholder protection and where firms find it more difficult to raise external capital.
Books on the topic "Cross country diversification"
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Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes, Fred Mawunyo Dzanku, and Aida Cuthbert Isinika, eds. Agriculture, Diversification, and Gender in Rural Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799283.001.0001.
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This book contributes to the understanding of smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa through addressing the dynamics of intensification and diversification within and outside agriculture, in contexts where women have much poorer access to agrarian resources than men. It uses a longitudinal cross-country comparative approach, relying on the Afrint dataset—unique household-level longitudinal data for six African countries collected over the period 2002–2013/15. The book first descriptively summarizes findings from the third wave of the dataset. The book nuances the current dominance of structural transformation narratives of agricultural change by adding insights from gender and village-level studies of agrarian change. It argues that placing agrarian change within broader livelihood dynamics outside agriculture, highlighting country- and region-specific contexts is an important analytical adaptation to the empirical realities of rural Africa. From the policy perspective, this book provides suggestions for more inclusive rural development policies, outlining the weaknesses of present policies illustrated by the currently gendered inequalities in access to agrarian resources. The book also provides country-specific insights from Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia.
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Joshi, Mahesh K., and J. R. Klein. Technological Disruption in Global Finance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827481.003.0004.
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Will the currency of the future be bitcoins or cryptocurrencies? With Fintech and Digital ecosystems growing rapidly, what is the future of banks? Technology is fast replacing paper currency with electronic transactions. Finance has become sophisticated with complex and diversified products. New technology and instruments have enabled growth of global financial assets to more than $160 trillion. Geographical boundaries for financial transactions have disappeared with transactions taking place seamlessly across the globe. Due to the global connectedness of financial markets, any event in one country can impact the whole world instantaneously. The effects of the last decade’s financial crisis are still being felt in major economies. Financing is being used both as a weapon in the balance of power and as a facilitator of cross-border acquisitions. Governments are competing with tax rates to attract global corporations. Individual investors have the opportunities and tools available for geographical diversification of their investments.
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Mvula, Peter, and Wapulumuka Mulwafu. Intensification, Crop Diversification, and Gender Relations in Malawi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799283.003.0007.
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In this chapter a variety of methods were used to collect data to study smallholders in Malawi. The surveys were complemented by a set of qualitative interviews to establish gender dynamics in agriculture and for livelihoods. Key informant interviews were conducted with agricultural personnel in the sampled districts and focus group discussions were held with some farmers. For a bigger picture of the agricultural policies and practices, the study relied on a review of key documents and publications by government and other agencies implementing agricultural programmes in the country. Descriptive statistics demonstrate that a shift from maize and tobacco to Irish potatoes, groundnuts, and soya beans in the areas under study has provided an opportunity for smallholder farmers to diversify and increase production and thus improve their livelihoods. Another noticeable change has been the increased participation of women in the production and marketing of crops.
Book chapters on the topic "Cross country diversification"
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Orlova, Nadezhda, Evgenia Serova, Vladimir Popov, and Marina Petukhova. "Key Areas of the Agricultural Science Development in Russia in the Context of Global Trends and Challenges." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 799–812. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_42.
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AbstractThe modern Russian agrifood industry is a steadily developing sector of the national economy. The production of a number of goods has reached historically high levels. Russia has a strong position in the export of agricultural raw material commodities, while the country remains dependent on imports from other countries. This chapter examines critical areas of scientific research in Russia that will create opportunities for increasing competitiveness in the transition of the world food systems from conventional agriculture to Agriculture 4.0. Science and technology-based innovations for transforming food systems in Russia include productivity growth through breeding technologies and improved genetics, in combination with technologies that will ensure optimal realization of this potential (feed additives, fertilizers, plant protection products, animal health, and other so-called “package” solutions). The introduction of digital technologies and cross-platform solutions in agriculture, to reduce the gaps in labor productivity, will increase overall productivity and reduce food losses. Diversification of food products includes priorities for high-margin segments of healthy, functional and personalized nutrition, and the deep processing of agricultural commodities. The paper explores closed farming systems (including “urban farming”) that are independent of external climatic and biological factors. Development of the agricultural waste recycling sector is a priority too. Russia lags behind its competitors in terms of the scientific quality of its production. This is due to a lack of efficiency in the financing of agricultural science, as well as an imbalance within its structure. An increasingly acute problem of the transition of Russian food systems to the innovative path is the reduction of human resources. This trend is typical both in the scientific sector, where it is expressed in a decrease in the number of researchers and an aging staff (which threatens the continuity in the established scientific schools and the viability of research teams) and in agriculture as a whole.
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Human, Soeranto, Sihono, and Wijaya Murti Indriatama. "Mutation breeding of sorghum to support climate-smart agriculture." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 120–26. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0012.
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Abstract Global climate change effects in agricultural fields often increase plant stress. For mitigating the negative effects of climate change, climate-smart agricultural policies should be developed, for example through the improvement of crop adaptability, productivity and quality in environments impacted by climate change. Attempts to increase crop genetic variability must be sought to aid in mitigating adverse consequences of climate change. For that purpose, mutation breeding plays an important role since it can increase genetic variation of important crops. By selecting desired mutant genotypes, the plant breeder can advance their germplasm by progressing lines with good adaptability, high productivity and quality under adverse conditions. For Indonesia, significant adverse impacts of climate change have appeared in some agricultural regions, such as prolonged drought problems in the east. To face the worsening conditions brought about by climate change and variability, a crop was sought that would require less agricultural input, being drought tolerant, having good adaptability and with high economic value. The choice fell on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). In certain areas sorghum is recognized as a source of food, feed and fuel. Mutation breeding of sorghum has been conducted at the Centre for Isotopes and Radiation Application (CIRA) of the National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN). Sorghum mutation breeding is relevant to the national programme on food and energy diversification to support food and energy security in the country. The breeding objectives are to improve sorghum genotypes for improved yield and quality, and with tolerance to adverse conditions brought about by climate change, especially prolonged drought. Three sorghum mutant varieties have now been obtained and are being developed further by stakeholders. Sorghum cultivation in Indonesia has made significant impacts on mitigating the effects of climate change and supporting the food and energy diversification programme for maintaining food and energy security in the country. It has also promoted economic growth in rural areas impacted by climate change.
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Nzengya, Daniel M., and John K. Maguta. "Gendered Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in Selected Counties in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_169-1.
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AbstractExtreme climate change events such as frequent and prolonged droughts or floods associated with climate change can be very disruptive to peoples’ livelihoods particularly in rural settings, where people rely on the immediate environment for livelihood. Shocks in the people’s livelihoods can trigger diverse responses that include migration as a coping or adaption strategy. Migration takes many forms depending on the context and resources availability. Very few studies in Kenya have used qualitative analysis to bring up women’s voices in relation to gender, climate change, and migration, especially along hydrological gradient. This chapter presents results of qualitative research conducted from 58 participants in 2018 in three counties in Kenya, namely, Kiambu County, Machakos, and Makueni. The study sought to examine gender perceptions related to climate-induced migration, that is: whether climate change is perceived to be affecting women’s livelihood differently from that of men; examine in what ways experiences of climate induced migration differed for men and women; explore perceptions on the county government efforts to cope with climate-induced migration; and examine perceptions of the role of nongovernmental agencies in helping citizens cope with climate change. From the results obtained on ways in which climate change affected women livelihoods more than men had four themes: (1) women exerted more strain in domestic chores, child/family care, and in the farm labor; (2) women also experienced more time demands. The sources of water and firewood were getting more scarce leading to women travel long distances in search to fetch water and firewood; (3) reduced farm yields, hence inadequate food supply; and (4) the effects of time and strain demands on women was a contributory factor to women poor health and domestic conflicts. Several measures that the county government could take to assist women to cope with climate change-induced migration had five themes which include the following: (1) developing climate change mitigations, and reducing deforestation; (2) increasing water harvesting and storage; (3) develop smart agriculture through the use of drought-resistant crops and drought mitigation education; (4) encourage diversification of livelihoods; and finally (5) providing humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable populations such as orphans and the very poor. Thirdly, the measures mentioned that NGO’s could take to assist rural communities to cope with climate change-induced migration did not vary significantly from those mentioned for county government, except probably for a new theme of increasing advocacy for climate adaption policies.
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Nzengya, Daniel M., and John Kibe Maguta. "Gendered Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in Selected Counties in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2045–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_169.
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AbstractExtreme climate change events such as frequent and prolonged droughts or floods associated with climate change can be very disruptive to peoples’ livelihoods particularly in rural settings, where people rely on the immediate environment for livelihood. Shocks in the people’s livelihoods can trigger diverse responses that include migration as a coping or adaption strategy. Migration takes many forms depending on the context and resources availability. Very few studies in Kenya have used qualitative analysis to bring up women’s voices in relation to gender, climate change, and migration, especially along hydrological gradient. This chapter presents results of qualitative research conducted from 58 participants in 2018 in three counties in Kenya, namely, Kiambu County, Machakos, and Makueni. The study sought to examine gender perceptions related to climate-induced migration, that is: whether climate change is perceived to be affecting women’s livelihood differently from that of men; examine in what ways experiences of climate induced migration differed for men and women; explore perceptions on the county government efforts to cope with climate-induced migration; and examine perceptions of the role of nongovernmental agencies in helping citizens cope with climate change. From the results obtained on ways in which climate change affected women livelihoods more than men had four themes: (1) women exerted more strain in domestic chores, child/family care, and in the farm labor; (2) women also experienced more time demands. The sources of water and firewood were getting more scarce leading to women travel long distances in search to fetch water and firewood; (3) reduced farm yields, hence inadequate food supply; and (4) the effects of time and strain demands on women was a contributory factor to women poor health and domestic conflicts. Several measures that the county government could take to assist women to cope with climate change-induced migration had five themes which include the following: (1) developing climate change mitigations, and reducing deforestation; (2) increasing water harvesting and storage; (3) develop smart agriculture through the use of drought-resistant crops and drought mitigation education; (4) encourage diversification of livelihoods; and finally (5) providing humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable populations such as orphans and the very poor. Thirdly, the measures mentioned that NGO’s could take to assist rural communities to cope with climate change-induced migration did not vary significantly from those mentioned for county government, except probably for a new theme of increasing advocacy for climate adaption policies.
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Chiou, Wan-Jiun Paul, and Kuntara Pukthuanthong. "What Drives Variation in the International Diversification Benefits? A Cross-Country Analysis." In Handbook of Financial Econometrics, Mathematics, Statistics, and Machine Learning, 519–62. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811202391_0013.
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Nölke, Andreas. "Global Production Networks: Diversification or Reshoring?" In Post-Corona Capitalism, 109–14. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529219425.003.0017.
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The coronavirus crisis has demonstrated the vulnerability of global value chains in a very forceful way. This includes staff that is important for the operations of these networks not being allowed to cross borders, international air travel strongly being reduced, health checks delaying border crossings and increasing political skepticism about free trade. Correspondingly, companies and governments are seeking for ways to reduce this vulnerability in the future. However, this does not mean that we are necessarily heading towards an isolationist international production system where each country tries to manufacture as much as possible in country. It rather implies that the configuration of global production networks and domestic production systems will be adjusted gradually in order to increase their robustness, at least for crucial goods as in the medical sector. The over-reliance on national competitive advantages, extreme specialization, just-in-time production and highly complex global production networks turned the system very vulnerable to various sorts of instabilities. The more complex these networks are the more likely is an interruption. Post-coronavirus capitalism will see some reshoring (or at least nearshoring) of production, in order to reduce instabilities.
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Petris, Panagiotis, and Panayotis Alexakis. "The Return Performance of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Portfolio Diversification Benefits." In Recent Advances and Applications in Alternative Investments, 57–81. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2436-7.ch003.
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This study describes the emergence and the structure of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and investigates whether European REITs provide higher risk-adjusted returns and portfolio diversification benefits relative to the market portfolio. The top public listed companies of five (5) established (Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, UK), three (3) emerging (Italy, Spain, Ireland) and one (1) nascent (Greece) European REIT markets, are considered over period 2007 – 2018. The empirical findings denote poor performance of most European REITS over the Global Financial Crisis period but strong risk adjusted returns, overall, outperforming the equivalent European stock market indices and bonds over the first years of post - GFC period. In the recent period (2015 – 2018), most European REITs continued to deliver positive but modest risk adjusted returns relative to the previous period. The analysis provides evidence of poor portfolio diversification benefits and weak cross country diversification benefits among the European REITs.
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"Concept and Metrics of Agricultural Diversification." In Optimizing the Use of Farm Waste and Non-Farm Waste to Increase Productivity and Food Security, 43–95. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7934-2.ch002.
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This chapter presents some comparative analysis on agricultural diversification at the national and individual enterprise levels illustrating that although a country or region may have optimum diversification it may not translate into optimum diversification at the enterprise level to the disadvantage of farmers causing the national diversification to be unsustainable. This finding may strengthen the justification for an expanded model at the enterprise level to include integration of various aspects of production, such as crops, livestock, aquaculture, and soil and livestock feed production. The remaining chapters will identify and describe the various aspects and characteristics of the farm model from a practical perspective of an individual farm enterprise utilizing the model and demonstrating how to optimize farm waste to approach a zero waste scenario so that it can be instructive for various levels of uptake, including the individual farm enterprise level.
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Dabat, Marie-Hélène, Joël Blin, and Elodie Hanff. "Are Biofuels a Factor of Sustainable Development in a Food Insecurity Context in Africa?" In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 152–71. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1625-7.ch008.
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Bearing in mind the strong link between energy and development, and given the country’s heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels, this chapter discusses the opportunity for substituting fossil fuels with biofuels in a Sahelian country, Burkina Faso. Biofuel opportunities are discussed taking into account technical, agronomic, and land potentials in this country. Diversification of energy resources with biofuels would reduce the growth of fuel imports in the short term, improve overall public finances, provide a chance to develop agriculture, and provide benefits for the locals. However, if they are to generate sustainable socio-economic development, biofuel projects need to be mindful of food security and economic incentives, and should be part of national agricultural strategies. The chapter shows that a number of conditions must be met to ensure the advantages of biofuels outweigh the disadvantages: prioritising domestic use over exports; supporting the emergence of decentralised systems; localising dedicated crops in order to avoid competition with food crops; regulating the edible oil market; removing technical obstacles to production and processing; and prioritising projects implying family-farming rather than agri-business.
Conference papers on the topic "Cross country diversification"
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Pejović, Biljana, Dragana Trifunović, and Aleksandra Živaljević. "CASH FLOW FORECASTING FOR INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS IN THE PROCESS OF CAPITAL BUDGETING DURING THE COVID-19." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.129.
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By predicting cash flows in the capital budgeting procedure, the profitability of an investment at the international level is determined in advance. Although investing globally provides greater opportunities for earnings, cost reduction and business diversification, all risks posed by international business must be considered when choosing a discount rate. In addition to the risks inherent in cross-border business such as exchange rate risk, country risk, the risks caused by the pandemic crisis, which relate primarily to measures taken by states to protect the population by introducing quarantine, restricting the flow of people, goods and capital, as well as activities that are endangered by a pandemic, must be considered too. If all the risks that determine the discount rate are well assessed, the cash flow forecast will be more accurate.
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Leite, Mayra Araújo da Cunha, Alice Mara Rosário da Costa, Ana Luzia Ferreira Farias, Patrick de Castro Cantuária, and Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva de Almeida. "Phytochemical prospection of manioc leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz)." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-077.
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Abstract Cassava or manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz), belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, is a tropical, perennial and woody plant that stands out for being one of the most important crops in the world in its multiple aptitudes: food, fresh or industrialized. In Brazil, country considered the probable center of origin and diversification of the species, manioc is the main component of a typical dish of high consumption in the North Region, the Maniçoba (VIEIRA et al, 2011; SILVA et al, 2013; SILVA et al, 2018).