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Journal articles on the topic 'Cross-conjugated polymers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Xia, Hongyan, Chang Hu, Tingkuo Chen, Dan Hu, Muru Zhang, and Kang Xie. "Advances in Conjugated Polymer Lasers." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030443.

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This paper provides a review of advances in conjugated polymer lasers. High photoluminescence efficiencies and large stimulated emission cross-sections coupled with wavelength tunability and low-cost manufacturing processes make conjugated polymers ideal laser gain materials. In recent years, conjugated polymer lasers have become an attractive research direction in the field of organic lasers and numerous breakthroughs based on conjugated polymer lasers have been made in the last decade. This paper summarizes the recent progress of the subject of laser processes employing conjugated polymers, with a focus on the photoluminescence principle and excitation radiation mechanism of conjugated polymers. Furthermore, the effect of conjugated polymer structures on the laser threshold is discussed. The most common polymer laser materials are also introduced in detail. Apart from photo-pumped conjugated polymer lasers, a direction for the future development of electro-pumped conjugated polymer lasers is proposed.

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2

Xie, Ruihao, Zhiming Chen, Yan Liu, Zhenfeng Wang, Zhongxin Chen, Lei Ying, Fei Huang, and Yong Cao. "Cross-conjugated n-type polymer acceptors for efficient all-polymer solar cells." Chemical Communications 54, no. 18 (2018): 2204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09348a.

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3

Zhang, Zhen, and Yang Qin. "Cross-conjugated poly(selenylene vinylene)s." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 8 (2019): 1018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01555d.

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Poly(selenylene vinylene) (PSV) is a close analog to the extensively studied poly(thienylene vinylene) (PTV) polymers, and possesses unique properties originating from the larger, more polarizable Se atoms.

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4

Xu, Bubin, Yongchun Pan, Jianheng Zhang, and Zhonghua Peng. "Syntheses and optical properties of conjugated polymers containing cross-conjugated oxadiazole units." Synthetic Metals 114, no. 3 (September 2000): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(00)00271-x.

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5

Nakajima, Kuniharu, and Hiromasa Goto. "Preparation of Network π-Conjugated Copolymers with Ullmann Type Polycondensation." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 25 (January 2014): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.25.33.

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Ullmann type polycondensations in the presence of CuI and a base were carried out to afford network type π-conjugated copolymers. Infrared absorption spectroscopy measurements and surface observation using a scanning electron microscopy are carried out. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy measurements revealed that the cross-linked copolymers thus obtained contain small amount of copper. This polymerization conveniently allows production of network π-conjugated polymers. The polymer can be expected to have thermo-resistance.

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6

Nakajima, Kuniharu, and Hiromasa Goto. "Preparation of Network π-Conjugated Copolymers with Ullmann Type Polycondensation." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 25 (January 10, 2014): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-pmm6t5.

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Ullmann type polycondensations in the presence of CuI and a base were carried out to afford network type π-conjugated copolymers. Infrared absorption spectroscopy measurements and surface observation using a scanning electron microscopy are carried out. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy measurements revealed that the cross-linked copolymers thus obtained contain small amount of copper. This polymerization conveniently allows production of network π-conjugated polymers. The polymer can be expected to have thermo-resistance.

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7

Sugiyasu, Kazunori, Masayuki Takeuchi, Ryota Inoue, Ryo Shomura, and Yoshitaka Matsushita. "Synthesis and Redox Behavior of a Sheathed Cross-Conjugated Polythiophene." Synlett 29, no. 19 (October 11, 2018): 2557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611021.

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Control over the electronic structure in π-conjugated polymers is of great importance for the development of organic electronics and spintronics. In this study, we synthesized a sheathed cross-conjugated polythiophene through oxidative electrochemical polymerization. Spectroelectrochemistry has revealed that unlike linearly conjugated polythiophenes, polarons were confined in the repeating units that were segmented by cross-conjugation.

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8

Cheng, Yen-Ju, and Tien-Yau Luh. "Synthesizing optoelectronic heteroaromatic conjugated polymers by cross-coupling reactions." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 689, no. 24 (November 2004): 4137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.08.011.

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9

Yamamoto, Takakazu. "Cross-coupling reactions for preparation of π-conjugated polymers." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 653, no. 1-2 (July 2002): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01261-5.

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10

Gao, Xin, Qirui Zhang, Jianfeng Hu, and Hao Zhang. "Ferrocene-containing cross-conjugated polymers synthesized by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling polymerization." Polymer 207 (October 2020): 122827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122827.

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11

Qiang, Peirong, Zuobang Sun, Bai Xue, and Fan Zhang. "π-Extended Ladder-Type Conjugated Polymers via BN-Annulation." Organic Materials 03, no. 02 (April 2021): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1727181.

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Two kinds of ladder-type conjugated polymers were concisely synthesized by the formation of single-stranded conjugated polymers via Stille cross-couplings, followed by nitrogen-directed electrophilic borylations at electron-rich aromatic rings. The resulting BN-annulated polymers show good film-forming behaviors and high air and thermal stability. Their structurally shape-persistent rigid backbones render them with π-extended conjugation, allowing for efficient light harvesting in the low-energy regions, and emitting strong fluorescence with narrow emission widths.

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12

Hussain, Waseem A., and Kyle N. Plunkett. "Synthesis of anthradithiophene containing conjugated polymers via a cross-coupling strategy." RSC Advances 11, no. 2 (2021): 996–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09195b.

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13

Nishioka, Noriyuki, Shotaro Hayashi, and Toshio Koizumi. "Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Cross-Conjugated Polymers: Transformation into Linear-Conjugated Polymers through the Diels-Alder Reaction." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 51, no. 15 (February 28, 2012): 3682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201200303.

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14

Nishioka, Noriyuki, Shotaro Hayashi, and Toshio Koizumi. "Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Cross-Conjugated Polymers: Transformation into Linear-Conjugated Polymers through the Diels-Alder Reaction." Angewandte Chemie 124, no. 15 (February 28, 2012): 3742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201200303.

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15

Qin, Yang. "Unconventional Conjugated Polymers Derived from a Common Set of trans-Enediyne Monomers." Synlett 29, no. 08 (February 15, 2018): 999–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591939.

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This account describes our recent efforts in the design and synthesis of several series of unconventional conjugated polymers derived from a common set of trans-enediyne (tEDY) monomers. The journey started with a failed attempt, through acyclic diene metathesis of triene monomers, to prepare soluble polyacetylenes (PAs) having cross-conjugated side-groups on alternate double bonds along the main chain. At this seemingly dead end of the project, we found that the tEDY intermediates leading to triene monomers could undergo alkyne metathesis to generate soluble polydiacetylenes (PDAs). Such acyclic enediyne metathesis represents the first example of a solution synthesis of PDAs, in contrast to the conventional topochemical methods. By applying Glaser–Hay-type reaction conditions with selected tEDY monomers, polytriacetylenes were smoothly obtained; these possessed aromatic units directly attached to the polymer main chains, which significantly affected the electronic properties of the polymers. Furthermore, through hydroboration of the tEDY monomers, ‘boron-doped’ polyacetylenes (BDPAs) were prepared that can be considered as PAs with every fourth double bond replaced with a boron atom. These BDPAs represent the first boron main-chain conjugated polymers lacking aromatic units along the backbone, potentially enhancing electronic delocalization along the main chain.

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16

Fallon, Kealan J., Nilushi Wijeyasinghe, Anastasia Leventis, Jose M. Marin-Beloqui, Daniel T. W. Toolan, Mohammed Al-Hashimi, Tracey M. Clarke, Thomas D. Anthopoulos, and Hugo Bronstein. "Tyrian purple: an ancient natural dye for cross-conjugated n-type charge transport." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 12 (2021): 4200–4205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc05553k.

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17

Satheeshkumar, Chinnadurai, and Myungeun Seo. "Creation of micropores by RAFT copolymerization of conjugated multi-vinyl cross-linkers." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 48 (2018): 5680–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01198b.

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18

Zhou, Qi, Yunpeng Gao, Yiyang Xiao, Lefei Yu, Zihao Fu, Zichen Li, and Jianbo Wang. "Palladium-catalyzed carbene coupling of N-tosylhydrazones and arylbromides to synthesize cross-conjugated polymers." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 5 (2019): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01529e.

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Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of N-tosylhydrazones and arylbromides have been applied for the first time in the synthesis of cross-conjugated polymers, namely poly(arylene-1,1-vinylidene)s (iso-PAVs).

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19

Aly, A. A. M., S. Z. Vatsadze, B. Walfort, T. Rüffer, and H. Lang. "Coordination polymers of silver(I) with ditopic cross-conjugated dienone." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 62, no. 12 (December 2017): 1584–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023617120038.

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20

Imit, Mokhtar, Patigul Imin, and Alex Adronov. "π-Conjugated polymers with pendant coumarins: design, synthesis, characterization, and interactions with carbon nanotubes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94, no. 9 (September 2016): 759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2016-0205.

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A series of new fluorene-based π-conjugated polymers having coumarin derivatives as part of dendritic side chains were designed and prepared using the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. A new coumarin derivative bearing a heptyl side chain for solubility was utilized to ensure solubility of the final polymers. It was found that fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the coumrains to the polyfluorene backbone was efficient, especially for the polymers decorated with lower-generation dendrons. Each of the polymers was found to interact strongly with the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in THF, and their ability to selectively disperse specific SWNT chiralities was investigated. Photoluminescence studies revealed that the strong polymer emission is efficiently quenched in the corresponding supramolecular complexes with SWNTs. This high quenching efficiency indicates that the coumarin–polymer FRET system can be supramolecularly bound to the surface of (SWNTs to produce an energy transfer system in which the energy absorbed by the donor coumarin chromophores is channeled to the SWNTs.

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21

Kang, Lauren J., Liwen Xing, and Christine K. Luscombe. "Exploration and development of gold- and silver-catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling toward donor–acceptor π-conjugated polymer synthesis." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 4 (2019): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01162a.

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22

Zhang, Weifeng, Zupan Mao, Naihang Zheng, Jiabin Zou, Liping Wang, Congyuan Wei, Jianyao Huang, Dong Gao, and Gui Yu. "Highly planar cross-conjugated alternating polymers with multiple conformational locks: synthesis, characterization and their field-effect properties." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 39 (2016): 9266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc02891h.

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23

Cheng, Dan, Bao Yang Lu, Wei Qiang Zhou, and Jing Kun Xu. "Electrodeposition of Novel Cross-Linked Poly(methacrylic acid) Functionalized Poly(9-aminofluorene) Network Films." Advanced Materials Research 937 (May 2014): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.23.

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Four novel cross-linked network conjugated poly (methacrylic acid) functionalized poly (9-aminofluorene) films were prepared by a precursor polymer approach, i.e., poly { poly [ N - (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methacrylamide ] } (P1), poly { poly [ N - (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid ] } (P3), poly { poly [ N - (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methacrylamide] -co-9-aminofluorene } (P2) and poly { poly [ N - (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid ] -co-9-aminofluorene } (P4). As-prepared polymer films had good redox activity and structure stability in concentrated sulfuric acid. Fluorescence spectra indicated that the soluble cross-linked polymers were good blue light emitters and in solid state they were blue-green light emitters.

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24

Tian, Zhuoyue, Yang Lei, Yukang Fan, Peilei Zhou, Fang Liu, Zhaoqi Zhu, Hanxue Sun, Weidong Liang, and An Li. "Efficient capture of PM2.5 by intertwined tubular conjugated microporous polymer-based filters with high stability in a humid environment." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 12 (2021): 7703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta11908c.

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25

Han, Dong, Jingwen Li, Qiang Zhang, Zewang He, Zhiwei Wu, Jingting Chu, and Yan Lu. "Synthesis of π-Conjugated Polymers Containing Benzotriazole Units via Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C-H Cross-Coupling Polycondensation for OLEDs Applications." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020254.

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Four D-π-A conjugated polymers, namely P1–P4, which contain benzotriazole building blocks in their backbone as acceptor, are synthesized via palladium-catalyzed direct C-H cross-coupling polycondensation of 5,6-difluorobenzotriazole with different thiophene derivatives, including 3-octylthiophene, 2,2’-bithiophene, thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine, and 4,4-dioctyl-4H-silolo-[3,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene as donor units, respectively. Taking the polymer P1 as an example, the chemical structure of the polymer is demonstrated by 1H and 19F NMR spectra. The optical, electrochemical, and thermal properties of these polymers are assessed by UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. DFT simulations of all polymers are also performed to understand their physicochemical properties. Furthermore, P1 and P2, which have relatively higher molecular weights and better fluorescent quantum efficiency than those of P3 and P4, are utilized as lighting emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), affording promising green and red luminescence with 0.07% and 0.14% of maximum external quantum efficiency, respectively, based on a device with an architecture of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PTAA/the polymer emitting layer/TPBi/LiF/Al.

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26

Huang, Fei, Yanqing Tian, Ching-Yi Chen, Yen-Ju Cheng, A. Cody Young, and Alex K. Y. Jen. "Cross-Conjugated Polymers with Large Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Sections for Metal Ion Sensing." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111, no. 28 (July 2007): 10673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0718799.

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27

Yamamoto, Keitaro, Sergio Moles Quintero, Seihou Jinnai, Eunjeong Jeong, Kyohei Matsuo, Mitsuharu Suzuki, Hiroko Yamada, Juan Casado, and Yutaka Ie. "Cross-conjugated isothianaphthene quinoids: a versatile strategy for controlling electronic structures." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10, no. 11 (2022): 4424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc05794d.

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The elucidation of new structure–property relationships in π-conjugated molecules bearing quinoidal moieties is of relevance in organic electronics applications and as models of doped conducting polymers.

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28

Kayser, Laure V., Elizabeth M. Hartigan, and Bruce A. Arndtsen. "Multicomponent Coupling Approach to Cross-Conjugated Polymers from Vanillin-Based Monomers." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 4, no. 12 (October 27, 2016): 6263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02302.

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29

Kaseyama, Takahiro, Rie Wakabayashi, Seiji Shinkai, Kenji Kaneko, and Masayuki Takeuchi. "Alternating Arrays of Different Conjugated Polymers Utilizing a Synthetic Cross-Linker." Chemistry - A European Journal 17, no. 6 (January 7, 2011): 1793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201002675.

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30

Yamamoto, Takakazu. "ChemInform Abstract: Cross-Coupling Reactions for Preparation of π-Conjugated Polymers." ChemInform 33, no. 39 (May 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200239256.

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31

Wang, Ziqiang, Tingting Pan, Ming Shen, Jianxiang Liao, and Yanqing Tian. "Cross-conjugated polymers as fluorescent probes for intracellular potassium ion detection." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 390 (September 2023): 134008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2023.134008.

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32

Guo, Ziyang, Xiaodong Tian, Yan Song, Tao Yang, Zihui Ma, Xiangjie Gong, and Chao Wang. "Hard Carbons Derived from Phenyl Hyper-Crosslinked Polymers for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Coatings 13, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020421.

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Hyper-crosslinked polymers are attracting extensive attention owing to their ease of design and synthesis. Based on the flexibility of its molecular design, a hyper-crosslinked polymer with a π-conjugated structure and its derived carbon were synthesized by the Friedel–Crafts reaction. The polymer and its derived hard carbon material were characterized by FTIR, 13C NMR, Raman, BET, and other characterization tools. The electrochemical properties of both materials as anode electrodes of lithium-ion batteries were investigated. Benefiting from the highly cross-linked skeleton and conjugated structure, the as-prepared carbon materials still had high specific surface area (583 m2 g−1) and porosity (0.378 cm3 g−1) values. The hard carbon (CHCPB) anode possessed the powerful reversible capacity of 699 mAh g−1 at 0.1A g−1, and it had an excellent rate of performance of 165 mAh g−1 at the large current density of 5.0 A g−1. Long-cycle performance for 2000 charge/discharge cycles displayed that the capacity was kept at 148 mAh g−1 under 2 A g−1. This work contributes to a better understanding of the properties of hard carbon materials derived from hyper-crosslinked polymers and how this class of materials can be further exploited in various applications.

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33

Geng, Tong-Mou, Chen Hu, Min Liu, Can Zhang, Heng Xu, and Xie Wang. "The influences of the structure of thiophene-based conjugated microporous polymers on the fluorescence sensing properties." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 45 (2020): 19663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj02912b.

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Three thiophene-based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs: TTPTh, DBTh, and TBTh) were prepared by Sonogashira–Hagihara cross-coupling polymerization, and their structures were characterized by FTIR, ss ¹³C NMR, and elemental analyses.

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34

Giraud, Lauriane, Stéphane Grelier, Etienne Grau, Laurent Garel, Georges Hadziioannou, Brice Kauffmann, Éric Cloutet, Henri Cramail, and Cyril Brochon. "Synthesis and Characterization of Vanillin-Based π-Conjugated Polyazomethines and Their Oligomer Model Compounds." Molecules 27, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 4138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134138.

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The synthesis of π-conjugated polymers via an environmentally friendly procedure is generally challenging. Herein, we describe the synthesis of divanillin-based polyazomethines, which are derived from a potentially bio-based monomer. The polymerization is performed in 5 min under microwave irradiation without any metallic catalyst, with water as the only by-product. The vanillin-based polyazomethines were characterized by SEC, TGA, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Model compounds were designed and characterized by X-ray diffraction and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The structure/properties study of vanillin-based azomethines used as models allowed us to unequivocally confirm the E configuration and to highlight the cross-conjugated nature of divanillin-based polymers.

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35

Wohlgenannt, M., Kunj Tandon, S. Mazumdar, S. Ramasesha, and Z. V. Vardeny. "Formation cross-sections of singlet and triplet excitons in π-conjugated polymers." Nature 409, no. 6819 (January 25, 2001): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35054025.

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36

Nelson, Toby L., Caroline O'Sullivan, Nathanial T. Greene, Marc S. Maynor, and John J. Lavigne. "Cross-Reactive Conjugated Polymers: Analyte-Specific Aggregative Response for Structurally Similar Diamines." Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, no. 17 (May 2006): 5640–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja060589n.

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37

Grobelny, Anna, Karolina Lorenc, Łucja Skowron, and Szczepan Zapotoczny. "Synthetic Route to Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Polymer Brushes via Alternating Copolymerization of Bifunctional Monomers." Polymers 14, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 2735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132735.

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Alternating donor–acceptor conjugated polymers, widely investigated due to their applications in organic photovoltaics, are obtained mainly by cross-coupling reactions. Such a synthetic route exhibits limited efficiency and requires using, for example, toxic palladium catalysts. Furthermore, the coating process demands solubility of the macromolecules, provided by the introduction of alkyl side chains, which have an impact on the properties of the final material. Here, we present the synthetic route to ladder-like donor–acceptor polymer brushes using alternating copolymerization of modified styrene and maleic anhydride monomers, ensuring proper arrangement of the pendant donor and acceptor groups along the polymer chains grafted from a surface. As a proof of concept, macromolecules with pendant thiophene and benzothiadiazole groups were grafted by means of RAFT and metal-free ATRP polymerizations. Densely packed brushes with a thickness up to 200 nm were obtained in a single polymerization process, without the necessity of using metal-based catalysts or bulky substituents of the monomers. Oxidative polymerization using FeCl3 was then applied to form the conjugated chains in a double-stranded (ladder-like) architecture.

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38

Chen, Jie, Ting Qiu, Wei Yan, and Charl F. J. Faul. "Exploiting Hansen solubility parameters to tune porosity and function in conjugated microporous polymers." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 43 (2020): 22657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta05563h.

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We expand our recently reported Bristol–Xi'an Jiaotong (BXJ) approach using simple salts to fine tune the porosity of conjugated microporous materials, from Buchwald–Hartwig to Sonogashira–Hagihara, oxidative and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions.

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39

Hu, Chen, Ying-Chun Gao, Can Zhang, Min Liu, and Tong-Mou Geng. "The effects of the crosslinking position and degree of conjugation in perylene tetraanhydride bisimide microporous polymers on fluorescence sensing performance." RSC Advances 10, no. 9 (2020): 5108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10384h.

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In this study, two fluorescence conjugated microporous polymers based on perylene tetraanhydride bisimide (DP₄A₀ and DP₄A₂) were prepared via Sonogashira–Hagihara cross-coupling polymerization for the efficient detection of o-nitrophenol (o-NP).

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40

Schraff, Sandra, Yu Sun, and Frank Pammer. "Fulvenyl-Functionalized Polyisocyanides: Cross-Conjugated Electrochromic Polymers with Variable Optical and Electrochemical Properties." Macromolecules 51, no. 14 (July 11, 2018): 5323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00977.

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41

Tan, Happy, Yu Zhang, Miao Wang, Zhongxing Zhang, Xinhai Zhang, Anna Marie Yong, Siew Yee Wong, et al. "Silica-shell cross-linked micelles encapsulating fluorescent conjugated polymers for targeted cellular imaging." Biomaterials 33, no. 1 (January 2012): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.037.

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42

Tan, Shereen, Edgar H. H. Wong, Qiang Fu, Jing M. Ren, Adrian Sulistio, Katharina Ladewig, Anton Blencowe, and Greg G. Qiao. "Azobenzene-Functionalised Core Cross-Linked Star Polymers and their Host–Guest Interactions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 1 (2014): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13425.

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Water-soluble poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA)-based core cross-linked star polymers were efficiently synthesised with high macroinitiator-to-star-conversion (>95 %) in a one-pot system via single electron transfer-living radical polymerisation. The star polymers display excellent water solubility and the pendant hydroxyl groups provide a platform for facile post-functionalisation with various molecules. In demonstrating this, a photo-isomerisable molecule, 4-(phenylazo)benzoic acid was conjugated onto the preformed stars through partial esterification of the available hydroxyl groups (5–20 %). The azobenzene functionalised stars were subsequently employed to form reversible inclusion complexes with α-cyclodextrin.

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43

Wohlgenannt, M., Kunj Tandon, S. Mazumdar, S. Ramasesha, and Z. V. Vardeny. "Erratum: correction: Formation cross-sections of singlet and triplet excitons in π-conjugated polymers." Nature 411, no. 6837 (May 2001): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35079146.

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44

Sharma, Bhavna, Firoz Alam, Viresh Dutta, and Josemon Jacob. "Synthesis and photovoltaic studies on novel fluorene based cross-conjugated donor-acceptor type polymers." Organic Electronics 40 (January 2017): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2016.10.039.

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45

Aoki, Hideaki, Hitoshi Saito, Yuto Shimoyama, Junpei Kuwabara, Takeshi Yasuda, and Takaki Kanbara. "Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Containing Octafluorobiphenylene Unit via Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling Reaction." ACS Macro Letters 7, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00887.

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46

Yamaguchi, Shigehiro, and Kohei Tamao. "Cross-coupling reactions in the chemistry of silole-containing π-conjugated oligomers and polymers." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 653, no. 1-2 (July 2002): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01152-x.

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Charas, Ana, Quirina Ferreira, Joana Farinhas, Manuel Matos, Luís Alcácer, and Jorge Morgado. "Insoluble Patterns of Cross-Linkable Conjugated Polymers from Blend Demixing in Spin Cast Films." Macromolecules 42, no. 20 (October 27, 2009): 7903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma901329n.

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Charas, Ana, Quirina Ferreira, Joana Farinhas, Manuel Matos, Sofia M. Fonseca, H. Burrows, Luís Alcácer, and Jorge Morgado. "Insoluble Patterns of Cross-Linkable Conjugated Polymers from Blend Demixing in Spin Cast Films." Macromolecules 43, no. 1 (January 12, 2010): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma902438j.

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Baker, Matthew A., Chia-Hua Tsai, and Kevin J. T. Noonan. "Diversifying Cross-Coupling Strategies, Catalysts and Monomers for the Controlled Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers." Chemistry - A European Journal 24, no. 50 (June 25, 2018): 13078–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201706102.

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Lei, Hu, Frank Juvenal, Paul-Ludovic Karsenti, Daniel Fortin, and Pierre D. Harvey. "Cross Conjugated Organometallic Polymers Exhibiting Ultrafast Excitation Energy Channeling: Drastic Effect of the Connectivity." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 219, no. 22 (September 13, 2018): 1800354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201800354.

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