Academic literature on the topic 'Cross-chain exchanges'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cross-chain exchanges"
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Hong, Zicong, Song Guo, Enyuan Zhou, Wuhui Chen, Huawei Huang, and Albert Zomaya. "GriDB: Scaling Blockchain Database via Sharding and Off-Chain Cross-Shard Mechanism." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, no. 7 (March 2023): 1685–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3587136.3587143.
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Blockchain databases have attracted widespread attention but suffer from poor scalability due to underlying non-scalable blockchains. While blockchain sharding is necessary for a scalable blockchain database, it poses a new challenge named on-chain cross-shard database services. Each cross-shard database service (e.g., cross-shard queries or inter-shard load balancing) involves massive cross-shard data exchanges, while the existing cross-shard mechanisms need to process each cross-shard data exchange via the consensus of all nodes in the related shards (i.e., on-chain) to resist a Byzantine environment of blockchain, which eliminates sharding benefits. To tackle the challenge, this paper presents GriDB, the first scalable blockchain database, by designing a novel off-chain cross-shard mechanism for efficient cross-shard database services. Borrowing the idea of off-chain payments, GriDB delegates massive cross-shard data exchange to a few nodes, each of which is randomly picked from a different shard. Considering the Byzantine environment, the untrusted delegates cooperate to generate succinct proof for cross-shard data exchanges, while the consensus is only responsible for the low-cost proof verification. However, different from payments, the database services' verification has more requirements (e.g., completeness, correctness, freshness, and availability); thus, we introduce several new authenticated data structures (ADS). Particularly, we utilize consensus to extend the threat model and reduce the complexity of traditional accumulator-based ADS for verifiable cross-shard queries with a rich set of relational operators. Moreover, we study the necessity of inter-shard load balancing for a scalable blockchain database and design an off-chain and live approach for both efficiency and availability during balancing. An evaluation of our prototype shows the performance of GriDB in terms of scalability in workloads with queries and updates.
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Cutting-Decelle, A. F., B. P. Das, R. I. Young, K. Case, N. M. Bouchlaghem, and C. J. Anumba. "INFORMATION EXCHANGES IN A CROSS-DISCIPLINARY SUPPLY CHAIN: FORMAL STRATEGY AND APPLICATION." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39, no. 3 (2006): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20060517-3-fr-2903.00307.
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ZHU, QIAN, and HAN ZHOU. "THE FRACTAL STATISTICAL MODEL OF TRANSREGIONAL AND TRANSNATIONAL E-COMMERCE ENTERPRISES SUPPLY CHAIN SEQUENCE." Fractals 28, no. 08 (August 10, 2020): 2040022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x20400228.
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With the rapid development of world trade exchange, transnational and cross regional e-commerce enterprises have become the heat conductor of trade exchanges among people, organizations and related enterprises of all countries, as well as the important content of high-quality economic development of all countries. Multi-national and transregional e-commerce enterprises have the characteristics of simple circulation structure, simplified transaction cost, high efficiency and rapid evolution in economic and trade activities. However, the traditional transnational and transregional e-commerce enterprises have the disadvantages of slow development and low efficiency in the supply chain. At the same time, there are still many uncertain factors in the corresponding decision sequence. In this paper, the risks faced by cross-border e-commerce supply chain will be comprehensively analyzed and studied. At the same time, the decision-making problem of cross-border e-commerce supply chain sequence will be studied innovatively from two aspects of random uncertainty and fuzzy uncertainty, and a double-layer random expectation model will be established to form a fractal statistical model of supply chain sequence. In this paper, two kinds of sequential strategies are discussed in detail, and a double-layer fuzzy equivalent model is established. Finally, the model is solved by optimization software. The experimental results show that the fractal fractional optimization model proposed in this paper has advantages for the supply chain optimization of multi-national and cross regional e-commerce enterprises.
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He, Xiangan. "Zephyr: A Cost-Effective, Zero-Knowledge Light Client for Enhanced Blockchain Interoperability." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 51, no. 3 (January 3, 2024): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3639830.3639838.
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Blockchains are siloed by nature. A longtime limitation of blockchain technology is that individual cryptocurrencies are bound to their own chains. Users and applications need to transfer arbitrary data and funds across blockchains. At its peak in 2021, cross-chain bridges custody over 20B in various cryptocurrencies, serving users' needs to engage in DeFi, gaming, etc. Plagued by a lack of ability to do so in a decentralized way, applications force its users to rely on centralized exchanges to achieve cross-blockchain interoperability. User flow thus becomes significantly more complicated, and developers are prevented from defining and building applications that are uniquely enabled by on-chain bridges. Furthermore due to hacks of over 2B, a loss of faith in natively on-chain solutions force users to look to off-chain solutions like Coinbase.
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Guo, Hongli, and Tong Zou. "Cross-Border E-Commerce Platform Logistics and Supply Chain Network Optimization Based on Deep Learning." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (May 21, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2203322.
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E-commerce and logistics are symbioses with each other, but cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) still cannot break away from cross-border logistics. With the progress of economic internationalization, economic and trade ties around the world have become closer and closer, and the level of international business exchanges has been improved. The rise of multinational e-commerce has also caused unprecedented difficulties to multinational logistics and supply chain management. The application of deep neural networks in various fields provides opportunities for cross-border e-commerce platforms to solve these problems. The existing logistics distribution model cannot keep up with the development of CBEC and has become a constraint and bottleneck for the development of CBEC. Therefore, this article introduces deep learning neural network to cross-border logistics and supply chain based on the analysis of the existing cross-border logistics model and supply chain model and the status quo of e-commerce development. It optimizes the existing cross-border logistics and supply chain network in order to break through the current bottleneck in the development of CBEC. This paper shows through research that introducing deep learning neural networks into CBEC logistics and supply chain can improve the efficiency of logistics and supply chain. Compared with the previous efficiency, the efficiency of network optimization can be increased to about 50%, reducing the cost of cross-border logistics and supply chain. The research in this article has great theoretical and guiding significance for the development of CBEC.
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Shen, Yue, and Yixin Ren. "Economic Decision-Making Algorithm for Cross-Border Industrial E-Commerce Material Purchase Quantity Based on Markov Chain." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (September 23, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1439692.
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With the deepening of globalization, cross-border industrial e-commerce has increasingly become a mainstream means of trade exchanges, however, with the continuous increase in business volume. How to accurately estimate the procurement volume of cross-border materials is a significant issue, which plays a vital role in quantifying economic efficiency. To this end, this study proposes a financial decision-making algorithm for cross-border industrial e-commerce material procurement based on the Markov chain. The algorithm first preprocesses the original logistics data, including data cleaning, missing data filling, and noisy data removal, represents the data as structured panel data, finally builds a Markov chain model based on the panel data, and then makes predictions on the new data. We verified the effectiveness of the proposed model on a simulated dataset and an actual dataset.
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Lee, Hsiu-An, Hsin-Hua Kung, Jai Ganesh Udayasankaran, Boonchai Kijsanayotin, Alvin B Marcelo, Louis R. Chao, and Chien-Yeh Hsu. "An Architecture and Management Platform for Blockchain-Based Personal Health Record Exchange: Development and Usability Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): e16748. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16748.
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Background Personal health record (PHR) security, correctness, and protection are essential for health and medical services. Blockchain architecture can provide efficient data retrieval and security requirements. Exchangeable PHRs and the self-management of patient health can offer many benefits to traditional medical services by allowing people to manage their own health records for disease prevention, prediction, and control while reducing resource burdens on the health care infrastructure and improving population health and quality of life. Objective This study aimed to build a blockchain-based architecture for an international health record exchange platform to ensure health record confidentiality, integrity, and availability for health management and used Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource international standards as the data format that could allow international, cross-institutional, and patient/doctor exchanges of PHRs. Methods The PHR architecture in this study comprised 2 main components. The first component was the PHR management platform, on which users could upload PHRs, view their record content, authorize PHR exchanges with doctors or other medical health care providers, and check their block information. When a PHR was uploaded, the hash value of the PHR would be calculated by the SHA-256 algorithm and the PHR would be encrypted by the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman encryption mechanism before being transferred to a secure database. The second component was the blockchain exchange architecture, which was based on Ethereum to create a private chain. Proof of authority, which delivers transactions through a consensus mechanism based on identity, was used for consensus. The hash value was calculated based on the previous hash value, block content, and timestamp by a hash function. Results The PHR blockchain architecture constructed in this study is an effective method for the management and utilization of PHRs. The platform has been deployed in Southeast Asian countries via the Asia eHealth Information Network (AeHIN) and has become the first PHR management platform for cross-region medical data exchange. Conclusions Some systems have shown that blockchain technology has great potential for electronic health record applications. This study combined different types of data storage modes to effectively solve the problems of PHR data security, storage, and transmission and proposed a hybrid blockchain and data security approach to enable effective international PHR exchange. By partnering with the AeHIN and making use of the network’s regional reach and expert pool, the platform could be deployed and promoted successfully. In the future, the PHR platform could be utilized for the purpose of precision and individual medicine in a cross-country manner because of the platform’s provision of a secure and efficient PHR sharing and management architecture, making it a reasonable base for future data collection sources and the data analytics needed for precision medicine.
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Mohamed, Ahmed Ben, Didier Rémond, Andreu Gual-Grau, Annick Bernalier-Donnadille, Frédéric Capel, Marie-Caroline Michalski, Fabienne Laugerette, et al. "A Mix of Dietary Fibres Changes Interorgan Nutrients Exchanges and Muscle-Adipose Energy Handling in Overfed Mini-Pigs." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 4202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124202.
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This study evaluates the capacity of a bread enriched with fermentable dietary fibres to modulate the metabolism and nutrients handling between tissues, gut and peripheral, in a context of overfeeding. Net fluxes of glucose, lactate, urea, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and amino acids were recorded in control and overfed female mini-pigs supplemented or not with fibre-enriched bread. SCFA in fecal water and gene expressions, but not protein levels or metabolic fluxes, were measured in muscle, adipose tissue, and intestine. Fibre supplementation increased the potential for fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial activity in muscle (acox, ucp2, sdha and cpt1-m, p < 0.05) as well as main regulatory transcription factors of metabolic activity such as pparα, pgc-1α and nrf2. All these features were associated with a reduced muscle fibre cross sectional area, resembling to controls (i.e., lean phenotype). SCFA may be direct inducers of these cross-talk alterations, as their feces content (+52%, p = 0.05) was increased in fibre-supplemented mini-pigs. The SCFA effects could be mediated at the gut level by an increased production of incretins (increased gcg mRNA, p < 0.05) and an up-regulation of SCFA receptors (increased gpr41 mRNA, p < 0.01). Hence, consumption of supplemented bread with fermentable fibres can be an appropriate strategy to activate muscle energy catabolism and limit the establishment of an obese phenotype.
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Rexha, Blerim, Vehbi Neziri, and Ramadan Dervishi. "Enhancing Trustworthiness and Interoperability of Electronic Voting Systems through Blockchain Bridges." HighTech and Innovation Journal 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hij-2023-04-04-04.
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Decentralized applications leveraging blockchain technology are gaining widespread adoption within the decentralized applications ecosystem. Interoperability, a fundamental concept facilitating seamless data and processing power exchange across diverse blockchain networks, is paramount in this context. The primary objective of this paper is to explore the transformative potential of "blockchain bridges" in facilitating secure and transparent electronic voting processes across multiple blockchain networks. The study employs a comprehensive analysis of various approaches, including atomic exchanges, sidechains, cross-chain bridges, token wrappers, and interledger protocols. The selection of a specific method is guided by the unique requirements and privacy considerations of the electronic voting use case. The application of two distinct blockchains serves as a practical demonstration, illustrating the principles of blockchain bridges in real-world scenarios. The research reveals that blockchain bridges not only streamline the exchange of data between diverse blockchain networks but also establish a dual decentralization paradigm. This paradigm enables the creation of openly maintained, purpose-specific, decentralized ledgers for electronic voting. The integration of blockchain bridges significantly reduces the risk of fraud, instilling greater confidence in the accuracy of election results. Thus, by presenting a comprehensive array of approaches and emphasizing their practical application, this research contributes to advancing the understanding and implementation of blockchain technology in the critical domain of electronic voting. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2023-04-04-04 Full Text: PDF
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Zhang, Yousheng, Steven R. Breeze, Suning Wang, John E. Greedan, N. P. Raju, and Lijuan Li. "Polynuclear Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes of tetraacetylethane: CuII2(dpa)2(tae)(O2CCF3)2, {[CuII2(dpa)2(tae)(4,4'-bipy)](O2CCF3)2}n, and [CoII2(dpa)4(tae)](O2CCH3)2(H2O)2, dpa = 2,2'-dipyridylamine, tae = tetraacetylethane dianion." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 1424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-146.
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The syntheses and structures of copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes employing tetraacetylethane as the bridging ligand have been investigated. The reaction of Cu(O2CCF3)2 with tetraacetylethane (tae) and 2,2'-dipyridylamine (dpa) yielded a dinuclear complex CuII2(dpa)2(tae)(O2CCF3)2 (1), which has an extended hydrogen-bonded chain structure in the solid state. The reaction of 4,4'-dipyridyl (4,4'-bipy) with compound 1 resulted in the formation of a polymeric compound {[CuII2(dpa)2(tae)(4,4'-bipy)](O2CCF3)2}n (2), where the dinuclear unit is cross-linked by the 4,4'-dipyridyl ligand. The reaction of Co(O2CCH3)2 with tetraacetylethane and 2,2'-dipyridylamine yielded a helical dinuclear complex [CoII2(dpa)4(tae)](O2CCH3)2(H2O)2 (3), which forms a hydrogen-bonded band architecture in the solid state. The three-dimensional structure of 3 has molecular sieve-like channels that host methanol molecules reversibly. While only either negligible or weak magnetic exchanges appear to be present in compounds 1 and 2, there appears to be a significant ferromagnetic exchange in 3, which is likely caused by orbital orthogonality of the Co(II) ions, as supported by the crystal structure and EHMO calculations.Key words: cobalt, copper, polynuclear, tetraacetylethane complex, magnetism.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cross-chain exchanges"
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Andersson, Carl-Johan. "Evaluating Cross-chain Settlement and Exchange in Cryptocurrency." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165163.
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While Bitcoin is beginning to cement it's core protocol and principles, the related technologies around it, such as atomic swaps and lightning network could still be considered to be in an infant state when it comes to understanding and development. In this thesis you will find atomic swaps being evaluated in depth, both off-chain and on-chain together with reasoned and somewhat wel ldefined standards and protocols on how atomic swaps should be performed in the future.
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Mathus, Garza Jesús Andrés. "The lightning network cross-chain exchange : a decentralized approach for peer to peer exchange across blockchain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119736.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-61).
The development of decentralized blockchain-based systems has unlocked opportunity in untrusted systems. As more blockchains were created, however, a lack of interoperability became apparent. In response, centralized exchanges facilitating transactions across different blockchains emerged, reintroducing trusted third parties that blockchains were in part created to eliminate. Although blockchain capabilities were promising, their emergence resulted in embezzlement, hacks, and scandals that resulted in significant financial losses. A program allowing for peer to peer cross-chain exchanges would reestablish the decentralized foundation upon which blockchains were built and eliminate the risks associated with centralized exchanges. In this work we extend Lightning Network capabilities and develop a protocol enabling secure peer to peer channels to safely transact across blockchains. The system connects individuals using the Lightning Network's channel creation functions, and introduces four new channel commands: Price, Compare, Exchange, and Respond. Together, they integrate hashed timelock contracts that introduce peer to peer negotiations and exchange functionality from one blockchain to another. With this functionality in place, individuals gain more control over their own assets and rely less on third parties, reaffirming decentralization throughout the blockchain ecosystem and laying a new foundation for distributed systems to interact with less friction.
by Jesús Andrés Mathus Garza.
M. Eng.
Books on the topic "Cross-chain exchanges"
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Ng, Kia, Atta Badii, and Pierfrancesco Bellini, eds. Axmedis 2006. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-channel Distribution. Volume for Workshops, Tutorials, Applications and Industrial (Leeds, UK, 13-15 December 2006). Florence: Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-525-5.
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The AxMEDIS 2006 International Conference seeks to promote discussion and exchange of ideas amongst researchers, practitioners, developers and users of tools, technology transfer experts, and project managers. This conference series brings together a variety of participants from the academic, business and industrial worlds, to address the emergent research and technological issues as well as the engineering and commercial challenges of large-scale collaborative production and distribution of media as experienced by the associated industrial sectors in the emergent media markets. The conference focuses on the outstanding problems to be resolved in the new age of media computing including cross-domain production, protection, representation, formatting, aggregation, workflow, distribution and business and transaction models i.e. all lifecycle aspects of the new media value chain management. Additionally it explores the integration of new forms of content, content management systems and distribution chains, with particular emphasis on cost structures re-engineering to support the reduction of costs and the integration of innovative solutions to facilitate complex creative collaboration in cross-domain media production with benefit realisation to all stakeholders through optimised rights-protective multichannel distribution.
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Launay, Jean-Pierre, and Michel Verdaguer. The localized electron: magnetic properties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814597.003.0002.
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After preliminaries about electron properties, and definitions in magnetism, one treats the magnetism of mononuclear complexes, in particular spin cross-over, showing the role of cooperativity and the sensitivity to external perturbations. Orbital interactions and exchange interaction are explained in binuclear model systems, using orbital overlap and orthogonality concepts to explain antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling. The phenomenologically useful Spin Hamiltonian is defined. The concepts are then applied to extended molecular magnetic systems, leading to molecular magnetic materials of various dimensionalities exhibiting bulk ferro- or ferrimagnetism. An illustration is provided by Prussian Blue analogues. Magnetic anisotropy is introduced. It is shown that in some cases, a slow relaxation of magnetization arises and gives rise to appealing single-ion magnets, single-molecule magnets or single-chain magnets, a route to store information at the molecular level.
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Allen, Gary, and Ken Albala. The Business of Food. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400622533.
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The business of food and drink is for better and worse the business of our nation and our planet, and to most consumers how it works remains largely a mystery. This encyclopedia takes readers as consumers behind the scenes of the food and drink industries. The contributors come from a wide range of fields, and the scope of this encyclopedia is broad, covering from food companies and brands to the environment, health, science and technology, culture, finance, and more. The more than 150 essay entries also cover those issues that have been and continue to be of perennial importance. Historical context is emphasized and the focus is mainly on business in the United States. Most entries include Further Reading. The frontmatter includes an Alphabetical List of Entries and a Topical List of Entries to allow the reader to quickly find subjects of interest. Numerous cross-references in the entries and blind entries provide other search strategies. The person and subject index is another in-depth search tool. Sample entries: Advertising, Agribusiness, Altria, Animal Rights, Betty Crocker, Celebrity Chefs, Chain Restaurants, Commodities Exchange, Cooking Technology, Culinary Tourism, Eco-terrorism, Environmental Protection Agency, Ethnic Food Business, European Union, Flavors and Fragrances, Food Safety, Food Service Industry, Genetic Engineering, Internet, Labor and Labor Unions, Marketing to Children, McDonald's, Meat Packing, North American Free Trade Agreement, Nutrition Labeling, Organic Foods, Poultry Industry, Slow Food, SPAM, Television, Trader Joe's, Tupperware, TV Dinners, Whole Foods, Williams-Sonoma, Wine Business
Book chapters on the topic "Cross-chain exchanges"
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Bröring, Andre, Lukasz Wisniewski, and Alexander Belyaev. "Cross-Company Data Exchange with Asset Administration Shells and Distributed Ledger Technology." In Technologien für die intelligente Automation, 51–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64283-2_4.
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AbstractTo overcome boundaries in the cross-company data exchange, a new solution to use Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) for the transfer of data between asset supplier and the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) in a remote repository is proposed in this paper. A short introduction to the AAS and an analysis of DLT in industrial context is given and showing useful properties for industrial usage as well as challenges to solve. The status of the exchange of AASs and possibilities to use DLT in supply chain tracking are described. The new solution combines both concepts by sending data through the distributed ledger from the supplier to the AAS. This is also shown in a proof-of-concept implementation of the solution using IOTA as a DLT and BaSyx as a framework for the AAS. The evaluation and discussion shows challenges and advantages from using the presented approach.
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Güngör, Bengü, and Gerald Leindecker. "Digital Technologies for Inventory and Supply Chain Management in Circular Economy: A Review Study on Construction Industry." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 700–709. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57800-7_65.
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AbstractThe characteristics of supply chains in the construction industry give rise to several information and collaboration system needs, such as system affordability and adaptability. The presence of several companies from a variety of industries in supply chains for the construction industry sets them apart. Information sharing and system integration therefore require cooperation and trust. In the manufacturing industry, a lot of efforts are being made to create tools, technologies, and strategies that would allow supply chain actors to communicate with one another and work together. However, it is more challenging to establish a solid environment for inventory and data management in the construction industry. The Internet and information technology are now being used in the construction industry to strengthen cross-organizational relationships. The employment of these tools in this industry is occasionally hampered by limitations like security worries, a lack of managerial commitment, high costs, and deployment rigidity. Additionally, a dynamic configuration of supply chains is required to integrate with more adaptable business models, increase internationalization, and enhance coordination. For this reason, this study primarily explores the inventory and supply chain tools currently in use in the construction industry and evaluates their functionality from a business and consumer perspective. Other areas of study are based on either inventory management for circular buildings or cross-organizational cooperation, and they include secure data storage, information exchange among stakeholders, and their modification. In the end, it aims to emphasize the key problems with data and inventory management in the construction industry, as well as inform about the potential technology solutions to make a guidance of academic and industry specialists within this study.
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Krastev, Evgeniy, Petko Kovachev, Dimitar Tcharaktchiev, and Simeon Abanos. "Using QR Code for Uniform Representation of Content in Cross-Border Exchange of ePrescriptions in the EU." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210259.
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This paper proposes an approach and demonstrates its application for cross-border exchange of ePrescriptions in the European Union. A business process model of the main use case for exchange of prescription content in the eHealth Digital Service Infrastructure is created and analyzed. The novelty in this approach is the proposed encoding of the basic dataset in a Quick Response (QR) code in terms of an XML scheme that is independent of clinical models or proprietary database structures. It allows to inverse the dataflow control in the chain of message exchanges between Dispenser and National Contact Points. The proposed inversion of control positions the citizen with the QR code of the prescription in the center of that chain of message exchanges between the main actors of the business process. The independent format of content representation in the QR code allows the actors in the message exchange to auto-populate data in their registers when the medicine is dispensed. Initial results are reported and reveal the advantages of embedding prescription details in QR code employing a common independent XML scheme.
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Zhang, Lei. "Risk Analysis and Evaluation of Cross-Border Supply Chain of Overseas Engineering Projects Based on PEST-RS-SVM Driven by “Belt and Road” Trade." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde231325.
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Driven by the “One Belt and One Road” trade, overseas engineering projects have become the embodiment of cooperation with countries along the “One Belt and One Road”, thus bringing frequent material exchange of cross-border supply chains among countries. In order to achieve smooth and rapid development of cross-border supply chain, reduce risks and strengthen control, it is necessary to screen the risk factors of cross-border supply chain, establish a system and make correct and reasonable evaluation. In this paper, PEST method is adopted to analyze the risk factors of external cross-border supply chain of energy enterprises under the background of “One Belt and One Road”, and corresponding evaluation index system is established. The risk evaluation model of external cross-border supply chain was established by combining the rough set theory and support vector mechanism, and the risk evaluation model of phoenix risk was used to comprehensively evaluate the risk of cross-border supply chain along the “Belt and Road”, and corresponding countermeasures were put forward.
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Bruska, Anna. "Financial management in supply chain as cross-cultural competence." In Logistykacja gospodarki światowej, 209–24. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-106-4/15.
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Global character of supply chains imposes on its participants contacts in highly differentiated cultural context. Culturally-led background of business models results in different practices in everyday management of operations in supply chains, among others also in differences in financial management. To be prepared for the cooperation in other cultural milieu, supply chain managers need to be aware of those differences, and to acquire the cross-cultural competence in the financial domain. Three mains culturally formed models of supply chain financing: Chinese, Muslim and European need to be understand and cross-culturally applied to enhance the ability of supply chain managers to support successfully in the international exchange. The text aims to describe the aforementioned models and to explain its consequences for supply chain financing.
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Ratnasingam, Pauline. "A Security Framework for E-Marketplace Participation." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 1272–83. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch172.
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The increasing trend in the use of Internet-based emarketplace applications has created tremendous opportunities for businesses to manage effective supply chain management. An electronic market exists when a supplier provides goods and services to a customer in a transaction partially or fully automated by information technology. E-Marketplaces can be defined as a digital infrastructure that supports industrial commerce, such as auctions, catalogues and exchanges (Ivang & Sorenson, 2005). IDC predicts IT and e-marketplace spending will reach $496.7 billion in the U.S. and $1.3 trillion globally by the year 2009. Despite extensive research on this topic, there has been limited work in the realm of e-marketplace security. These e-marketplaces are generally implemented on the Internet, whose original purpose was to provide a robust heterogeneous distributed computing environment for applications that may not yet be developed. Previous researchers have noted that the formation of electronic marketplaces has been declining and that the failure rates are high. For instance, Dai and Kauffman (2002) suggest that only one-fifth of the electronic marketplaces in operation would succeed since firms have to face serious technical challenges. Theoretically e-marketplaces should enable firms to trade and collaborate more efficiently. The reason for this is due to the proliferation of affordable technology and the explosive growth of B2B transactions that have allowed buyers and sellers to conduct transactions electronically and to generate substantial savings and revenue for participants and owners (Sharifi, Kehoe, & Hopkins, 2006). Nevertheless, in reality, many emarketplaces disappeared during major consolidation phase (Tran, 2006).This study aims to examine the nature of security in e-marketplaces. We identify four types of risks, namely economic, technological, implementation, and relational risks in seven e-marketplace firms from a cross-section of different industries. We then present the control measures as in the responses that the seven firms enforced in order to reduce and manage their risks. The contribution of this study is the development of a security framework based on the findings for e-marketplace participation.
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Dentoni, Domenico, Laurens Klerkx, and Felix Krussmann. "Value Network Analysis for (Re)Organizing Business Models Toward the Sustainable Development Goals." In Science, Technology, and Innovation for Sustainable Development Goals, 489–517. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949501.003.0024.
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This chapter introduces the use of value network analysis (VNA) as a diagnostic tool for (re-)organizing business models seeking to contribute to the achievement of multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs). While VNA has already been widely applied to the study of technological innovation ecosystems, this chapter introduces its role for decision-makers in business models seeking to support sustainability transitions toward the SDGs. To demonstrate the approach, the authors apply VNA to the case of the Agricultural Commodity Exchange (ACE) in Malawi. The ACE represents a business model seeking to increase value-chain efficiency while including smallholder farmers to foster food security and reduce rural poverty and marginalization. The authors discuss how VNA can act also as a diagnostic tool for actors seeking to contribute to reduce poverty and hunger (SDGs 1 and 2); enhance economic growth and public infrastructure (SDGs 8 and 9); and foster cross-sector partnerships for sustainability (SDG17). The ACE case demonstrates that VNA provides several entry points for building strategic cross-sector partnerships that act as systemic instruments in science, technology, and innovation policy, coordinating actions to ensure that the right policy mix comes in place to tackle different SDG targets in an integrated way.
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Xu, Lai, and Paul de Vrieze. "E-Contracting Challenges." In Electronic Services, 1620–29. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-967-5.ch099.
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A decade ago, IT — through its innovations in business process reengineering — led the way in breaking down the inefficiencies within companies. Firms in the new millennium now face relentless pressure to perform better, faster, cheaper, while maintaining a high level of guaranteed results. Firms must thus focus on their core competencies and outsource all other activities. Working with a partner, however, requires breaking down the inefficiencies between organizations and coping with frequent change across the entire end-to-end value chain. In this new world of collaborative commerce and collaborative souring, a standard business process is simply inadequate. Using e-contracts to build new business relationships and to fulfill e-contracts through the Internet are important trends. E-contracting is however not a new concept. The history of e-contracting can be reviewed from legal and technology aspects. Over the last 20 years or so, a growing body of research in artificial intelligence has focused on the representation of legislation and regulations (Sergor, 1991). As specific regulations, contracts are used to regulate the actions of twoor multi-party interactions. Gardner (1987) has developed contract formation rules. Her work concerns legislation about the nature of exchanges that lead to contractual relations. The ALDUS project and Legal Expert project investigated drafting the Sale Goods contract (ALDUS, 1992) and the United Nations Convention on contracts for the international sale of goods (Yoshino 1997, 1998), respectively. Detailed information on developing logic-based tools for the analysis and representation of legal contracts can be found in Daskalopulu (1997, 1999). The law regards contracts as collections of obligations; research in this area includes automated inference methods, which are intended to facilitate application of the theory to the analysis of practical problems. The purpose of a legal e-contracting system is to clarify and expand an incomplete and imprecise statement of requirements into a precise formal specification. In the early 1990s, the development of EDI (electronic data interchange) was a significant movement for electronic commerce. EDI was considered a term that refers solely to electronic transactions and contracts (Justice Canada, 1995). EDI requires an agreement between trading partners that not only dictates a standard data format for their computerto- computer communications, but also governs all related legal issues of EDI usage. In 1987, the first set of EDI rules was named the Uniform Rules of Conduct for Interchange of Trade Data by Teletransmission (UNCID, 1987). In 1990, the American Bar Association (ABA) published a Model Trading Partner Agreement and Commentary, together with an explanatory report (Winn & Wright, 2001). In 2000 IBM submitted to OASIS (for standardization) the first example of an XML-based EDI TPA language, called Trading Partner Agreement Markup Language (tpaML). While the EDI standard introduced efficient communication channels between companies, its implementation was not widely accepted due to its high installation costs, lack of flexibility, and technological limitations (Raman, 1996). With the development of the Internet, electronic contracting began to be interpreted in broader terms. In this new view, an e-contract is not only used as a legally binding agreement between a buyer and seller, but it can also used across different workflow systems to cross different organizational business processes (Koetsier, Grefen, & Vonk, 1999; Kafeza, Chiu, & Kafeza, 2001; Cheung, Chiu & Till, 2002) to integrate different Web services (Cheung et al., 2002, 2003). E-contracting has become synonymous with business integration over electronic networks.
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Wright, Duncan, Rod Mitchell, and Cygnet Repu. "Navigating through the Reefs An Engaged Ethno-Archaeology Study of Torres Strait Islander Gidhal." In The Oxford Handbook of Global Indigenous Archaeologies. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197607695.013.6.
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Abstract For over a century Torres Strait Islander Elders’ accounts about the adventures of reforming ancestors have been recorded. The pathways of these muruygul integrate a chain of Torres Strait islands, neighboring Papua New Guinea, and northern Cape York Peninsula (Australia). According to Islanders, these narratives (each segment of which is owned by different communities) encode important information about cross-community cohesion in the past and present; a mythological geography commemorated through stories, songs, ceremonies, and art. In this chapter, Cygnet Repu describes the process by which he routinely “navigat[es] between the reefs” to “read” these multistage stories, using various cultural data sets. This method of detailed assessment of oral histories, archaeology, and language is applied herein to a gidha (important story, legend, myth) sequence relating to the wandering cultural heroes, Naga and Waiat (Wayath, called Waiet in Meriam Mìr, Waiati in Mawata-Daru Kiwai). We demonstrate how greater than 700-year-old story-line pathways taken by these cultural heroes are marked by transportation of loanwords and songs, artistic endeavors and ceremonial exchange. Excavation results are presented for community-wide celebrations and rites of passage associated with Waiat in Western and Eastern Torres Strait. Finally, we reassess past human activities within this region and the important role living saga traditions may play within broader understanding of saga histories and storytelling.
Conference papers on the topic "Cross-chain exchanges"
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Narayanam, Krishnasuri, Venkatraman Ramakrishna, Dhinakaran Vinayagamurthy, and Sandeep Nishad. "Atomic cross-chain exchanges of shared assets." In AFT '22: 4th ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3558535.3559786.
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Mazor, Ori, and Ori Rottenstreich. "An Empirical Study of Cross-Chain Arbitrage in Decentralized Exchanges." In 2024 16th International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comsnets59351.2024.10426894.
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Barbara, Fadi, and Claudio Schifanella. "BxTB: cross-chain exchanges of bitcoins for all Bitcoin wrapped tokens." In 2022 Fourth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922019.
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Li, Dawei, Jianwei Liu, Zongxun Tang, Qianhong Wu, and Zhenyu Guan. "AgentChain: A Decentralized Cross-Chain Exchange System." In 2019 18th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/13th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/trustcom/bigdatase.2019.00072.
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Rueegger, Janick, and Guilherme Sperb Machado. "Rational Exchange: Incentives in Atomic Cross Chain Swaps." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbc48266.2020.9169408.
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Monika, Ankit Goyal, Shivam Raina, Kashish Bhatia, and Rajesh Bhatia. "Atomic Cross-Chain Asset Exchange for Ethereum Public Chains." In 2021 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccci50826.2021.9402343.
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Yao, Lu. "Research on Foreign Exchange Risk Management of Cross-border Supply Chain Enterprises." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economy, Judicature, Administration and Humanitarian Projects (JAHP 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jahp-19.2019.133.
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Makrevska Disoska, Elena, Irena Kikerkova, and Katerina Toshevska- Trpchevska. "COVID-19 CHALLENGES FOR EU EXTRA AND INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0011.
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The current COVID-19 crisis will take a severe toll upon the world and the EU economy. Exports and imports between member-states account for around 30.6% of EU GDP (average value for the period 2007-2018) and some EU economies are particularly exposed to the crisis due to their strong trade and value chain linkages. The trade with the rest of the world also decreased by mid-March 2020, and Rotterdam’s traffic from China fell for 20% compared to the same period in 2019. This paper estimates the different impact of the intra- EU trade and extra-EU trade on EU GDP growth. By separating extra-EU trade flows from intra-EU trade flows and using cross-section fixed method, panel least squares for the period 2008-2018, we obtained results that confirm that trade exchange within EU has significantly higher effect on per capita economic growth in comparison with trade exchange with countries outside the EU (taking in consideration the sample of EU-27 countries, excluding Great Britain).The findings prove that the current measures proposed by the EU institutions are essential for sustaining the function of the Internal Market and for EU growth prospects. Despite all efforts to remain united against the rising global challenges under the COVID-19 crisis, the Union is growing further apart. The member-states are imposing restrains on the internal trade flows thus jeopardizing the achieved positive effects of trade liberalization. It is certain that the financial crisis from 2008 caused increased Euro scepticism. Therefore differences in national views and priorities must be taken into account in order to reach a democratic compromise within the EU that is going to be both effective and legitimate in order to confront the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemics. The solidarity among member-states is challenged once again.
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deBarbadillo, John J., Brian A. Baker, and Stephen A. McCoy. "Alloy 740H: Development of Fittings Capability for A-USC Applications." In AM-EPRI 2016, edited by J. Parker, J. Shingledecker, and J. Siefert. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2016p0101.
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Abstract INCONEL alloy 740H has been specified for tube and pipe for the boiler and heat exchanger sections of AUSC and sCO2 pilot plants currently designed or under construction. These systems also require fittings and complex formed components such as flanges, saddles, elbows, tees, wyes, reducers, valve parts, return bends, thin-wall cylinders and tube sheets. The initial evaluation of alloy 740H properties, leading to ASME Code Case 2702, was done on relatively small cross-section tube and plate. The production of fittings involves the use of a wide variety of hot or cold forming operations. These components may have complex geometric shapes and varying wall thickness. The utility industry supply chain for fittings is largely unfamiliar with the processing of age-hardened nickel-base alloys. Special Metals has begun to address this capability gap by conducting a series of trials in collaboration with selected fittings manufacturers. This paper describes recent experiences in first article manufacture of several components. The resulting microstructure and properties are compared to the published data for tubular products. It is concluded that it will be possible to manufacture most fittings with properties meeting ASME Code minima using commercial manufacturing equipment and methods providing process procedures appropriate for this class of alloy are followed. INCONEL and 740H are registered trademarks of Special Metals Corporation.
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Otomo, Akira, George I. Stegeman, Marinus C. Flipse, Mart B. J. Diemeer, Winfried H. G. Horsthuis, and Guus R. Möhlmann. "Counter-propagating mixing second harmonic generation in poled polymer waveguides." In Solid State Lasers: Materials and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sslma.1997.tha3.
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Until recently, second harmonic generation (SHG) was used to extend the wavelength capability of high power lasers. In the conventional SHG process the fundamental and the growing second harmonic propagate together (Fig. 1a). The most recent progress has allowed mW of doubled power to be generated with 100’s of mW of input fundamental power. This has been achieved with waveguides from dielectric media such as LiNbO3, KTiOPO4 (KTP), etc.1,2 Organic materials have attracted attention due to their possible large nonlinearity. Although there has been some excellent pioneering work using organic materials, organic waveguide doublers have not yet achieved such efficiencies.3,4 One of the problems has been the disadvantageous trade-offs between λmax, the magnitude of the nonlinearity and the absorption of the doubled light. A different SHG interaction geometry, in which the second harmonic radiates upwards from a waveguide surface by mixing the counter-propagating fundamental guided waves (Fig. 1b), was reported 16 years ago, primarily for using second order interactions for signal manipulation and processing.5,6 The early works concentrated on ion-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides with quite small conversion efficiencies. More recently AlGaAs multi layer waveguides have been used as a form of quasi-phase matching (QPM) in the transverse direction with much larger nonlinear cross-section coefficients. A number of interesting applications have been demonstrated including convolution, a spectrometer, etc. This interaction has different trade-offs from the usual copropagating case. The signal at the harmonic frequency only traverses the waveguide depth so that the attenuation coefficient can be as large as 104 cm-1 and hence the interaction length is limited primarily by attenuation at the fundamental wavelength. As a result the harmonic wavelength can in principle be near λmax, the peak absorption wavelength, and hence utilize a resonantly enhanced nonlinearity. The fractional power conversion into SHG for the co-propagating and the counter-propagating schemes is proportional to [deff(2)L]2I and [deff(2)L]2LHI respectively. I is the intensity and deff(2) , L and H are the effective second order nonlinearity, the effective interaction length and the waveguide depth respectively. In terms of efficient SHG, the key question is whether the resonant enhancement in [deff(2)]2 is larger or comparable to L/H. This represents the trade-off between co-propagating and counter-propagating SHG. If indeed the trade-offs are comparable, this counter-propagating approach could be attractive because there are no wavevector matching constraints as there are in co-propagating SHG. Such constraints have made it difficult to obtain phase-matching over a centimeter, require precise wavelength tuning and control of the input laser, and tight temperature control of the waveguide. Thus the large nonlinearity of poled polymers can be effectively utilized for SHG in the counter-propagating geometry. In this study we compared possible conversion efficiency between co-propagating and counter-propagating SHG by defining figures of merit and investigate efficient surface emitting SHG (SE-SHG) in poled polymer waveguides made from 4-dimethylamino-4′-nitrostilbene side-chain polymers (DANS-SCP).