Journal articles: 'Cross-border operations'

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Grainger, Andrew, and Cristiano Morini. "Disentangling cross-border interactions." International Journal of Logistics Management 30, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 958–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-10-2018-0255.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to disentangle the interactions between logistics operators and government stakeholders in cross-border logistics operations with a specific focus on the UK and Brazil. Design/methodology/approach The research builds on supporting literature. The comparative cases of the UK and Brazil are examined by reference to an extensive series of focus group workshops as well as a series of interviews with key informants. Care was taken to make sure that comprehensive engagement the respective business and government communities were in place, and that there were opportunities to feedback on the analysis. Findings Suggestions were provided on how to improve the business–government interactions in cross-borders logistics operations. The analysis considered transaction costs and scope for trade facilitation. The research also helped produce a descriptive model of business–government interactions in cross-border logistics operations. Research limitations/implications The paper points to new directions in the understanding of how businesses interact with government agencies, and the kind of issues they face in cross-border logistics operations. However, the research only looked at two countries and there is significant scope for further enquiry within the logistics literature. Practical implications Reduced transaction costs at the border and subsequent economic opportunities for the UK and Brazil. Social implications A list of practical reform recommendations informed by the business communities of the UK and Brazil. Originality/value This paper’s original contribution to the literature is its framework for the analysis of transaction costs associated with the business–government interactions in cross-border logistics operations. In addition to the resulting findings in Brazil and the UK it may serve as a template for research elsewhere.

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Gillard, Emanuela-Chiara. "The law regulating cross-border relief operations." International Review of the Red Cross 95, no. 890 (June 2013): 351–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383114000307.

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AbstractIn view of the challenges frequently encountered in providing assistance to civilians in opposition-held territories, consideration is sometimes given to cross-border relief operations. Such operations raise numerous legal questions, including whose consent is required; what constitutes arbitrary withholding of consent; what the consequences of withholding of consent are, both for those wishing to provide assistance and for the parties withholding consent; and what alternatives exist for providing assistance in such circumstances.

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Fox, C. "Cross border negotiation." Engineering Management 15, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/em:20050301.

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HENDRIE, BARBARA. "Cross-Border Relief Operations in Eritrea and Tigray." Disasters 13, no. 4 (December 1989): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00729.x.

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Havenga, Jan Hendrik, J. van Eeden, and Wessel Pienaar. "Supply chain cost improvement opportunities through streamlining cross-border operations." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 3, no. 3 (2013): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv3i3art3.

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The Cross-Border Road Transport Agency (CBRTA) in South Africa aims to encourage and facilitate trade between South Africa and its neighbouring countries. The CBRTA sponsored a study by Stellenbosch University (SU) to determine the logistics cost impact of cross-border delays between South Africa and its major neighbouring trading partners, and prioritise opportunities for improvement. SU is the proprietor of both a comprehensive freight demand model and a logistics cost model for South Africa, which enable extractions and extensions of freight flows and related costs for specific purposes. Through the application of these models, the following information is identified and presented in this paper: South Africa’s most important border posts (based on traffic flows); a product profile for imports and exports through these border posts; the modal split (road and rail); the annual logistics costs incurred on the corridors feeding the border posts, as well as the additional costs incurred due to border delays. The research has proved that the streamlining of border-post operations that take a total supply chain view (i.e. of both border operations and those that could be moved from the border) is beneficial.

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Johnsen, S. O., J. Vatn, R. Rosness, and I. A. Herrera. "Cross border railway operations: improving safety at cultural interfaces." Cognition, Technology & Work 8, no. 1 (December 6, 2005): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10111-005-0022-8.

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Gwardynski, R., and Jacek Zboina. "Cross-border Police Operations in Poland: A Case Study." EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL XXIV, Issue 3B (September 1, 2021): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2492.

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Zumbusch, Kristina, and Roland Scherer. "Cross-Border Governance: Balancing Formalized and Less Formalized Co-Operations." Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (July 21, 2015): 499–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci4030499.

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Basova, Iryna. "Cross-Border Conversions in the European Union After the Polbud Case." Nordic Journal of European Law 1, no. 1 (December 18, 2018): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36969/njel.v1i1.18682.

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Cross-border conversions may be considered as an achievement of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU, Court) since its case law paves the way towards acceptance of such cross-border operations in all Member States. In the Polbud case, the CJEU clarified the scope of the freedom of establishment in regard to cross-border conversions. That judgement should give an impulse to those Member States whose law remains silent on the issue, lacks regulation or is not in line with the provisions on the freedom of establishment, to take appropriate legislative measures. However, a creation of a legal framework at the European level is still needed to provide a commonly-accepted procedure for such operations, to secure protection for vulnerable constituencies of a company, to prevent abusive practices and to regulate cooperation between the states which are involved in cross-border conversions.

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Bujdosó, Zoltán, Lóránt Dávid, and Gulmira Uakhitova. "Cross border co-operation in rural areas giving the example of Bihar region." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 7, no. 4-5 (December 30, 2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2013/4-5/5.

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After the political changes in 1990-ies in Hungary and in East-Central Europe the process of forming cross-border regional cooperations reached a new period. The border regions of the different national states join to encourage co-operation. The most remarkably connected system in our region is the Carpathian Euroregion. This paper deals with one of the most successful initiatives started between Hungary and Romania. The most outstanding co-operation of the past few years exists between the settlements of the former Bihar County which territory today belongs to two countries. The aims of the paper are to research the development of the border region; to reveal the factors of the cooperation and to observe the possibilities for the development. To obtain the goals desktop research, cluster analysis and data analysis were used, as statistic methods. The results emphasize that the development and renewal of the cross-border co-operations were supported by historical factors and good practices adapted from Western Europe. Although economic backwardness or the administrative problems are against the cooperation, historical economic connections facilitate the common work in the Hungarian-Romanian border region.

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Ho, Look Chan. "Anti-Suit Injunctions in Cross-Border Insolvency: A Restatement." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 52, no. 3 (July 2003): 697–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/52.3.697.

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In its simplest form, a transnational insolvency involves an insolvency1 proceeding in one country, with creditors located in at least one additional country.2 In the most complex case, it involves multiple proceedings, subsidiaries, affiliated entities, assets, operations, and creditors in dozens of nations. Complex international insolvencies continue to proliferate alongside a burgeoning world-wide free market economy that entails the globalisation of commercial and financial markets.3

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Jevremović-Petrović, Tatjana. "Harmonization of EU law on cross-border movement of companies." Pravo i privreda 58, no. 3 (2020): 81–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pip2003081j.

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In this paper the author presents an overview of the EU legal framework for cross-border company's mobility. It gives a historic background to various obstacles related to cross-border mobility and puts it into the context of the European Court of Justice decisions on the various issues of right of establishment. EU Company Law Directive on Cross-border Mobility regulates cross-border conversions (resulting in the change of applicable law and at least registered seat of the company) and cross-border divisions for the first time. It also improves already existing regime for cross-border mergers. Directive on CrossBorder Mobility gives an opportunity for various internal market participants, including economically strong as well as smaller business forms to use advantages of predictable, efficient legal procedure to perform cross-border operations. It includes various harmonization instruments in order to protect interests of (minority) shareholders, creditors and employees. Double control, including issuance of the pre-merger certificate in the country of origin and control of the procedure in the destination country before cross-border procedure has been registered and becomes effective provides for optimal co-ordination of national authorities, and offers safe business environment for various market participants.

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Srivastava, Aashish, and Hemali Shah. "Authentication and Recognition Issues in Cross-Border Single Window." Journal of World Trade 47, Issue 6 (December 1, 2013): 1225–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2013041.

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Single Window (SW) is a facility that allows parties involved in trade and transport to lodge standardized information and documents (mostly in electronic form) at a single entry point, and easily comply with all import, export, and transit-related regulatory requirements prescribed by government agencies. Over seventy-one countries and economies have introduced some form of SW that has successfully led to efficient and effective data submission processes for import and export operations, and, in turn, brought substantial benefits to each government and trading community. The success of SW at a national level has led regional and international organizations to evaluate the prospect of a Cross-border SW (CSW). However, overlaps of jurisdiction between different legal systems create issues in establishing a CSW. This article aims to provide an overview of one complex legal issue - electronic signatures that needs to be addressed in order to create conditions for a legally effective CSW. In particular, it examines the existing electronic signature laws and regulations of Australia, the UK, China and Singapore. It evaluates whether the current regulatory framework in the four countries facilitates or impedes the operation of a CSW, and concludes that the diverse electronic signature laws and regulations in the four countries do, in fact, impede the CSW's implementation. The article also makes some useful suggestions as to how to achieve a harmonized and coherent electronic signature regulatory framework for a CSW system.

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Rácz, Szilárd. "Main characteristics of Hungarian-Croatian political relations and cross-border co-operations." Geographica Pannonica 21, no. 1 (2017): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/geopan1701054r.

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Leopold, Lynda. "The TN Professional: Cross-Border Commuters Are Vital to Some Lab Operations." Critical Values 10, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/crival/vax007.

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Bormotova, Alexandra, Nadežda Glubokova, Anna Agapova, Ivan Alyshev, Elizaveta Larkova, and Daria Lomakina. "Aspects of application of tax control by countries for cross-border operations." International Review, no. 3-4 (2021): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/intrev2103186b.

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International taxation, as follows from the theory, is a study of the tax burden on individuals or legal entities in accordance with the tax laws of different countries or international law. Russia, the United States and the EU are global jurisdictions with the most complete tax legislation concerning transfer pricing. In this regard, it is very useful to consider the experience of countries with different principles of taxation of international transactions, which will undoubtedly contribute to improving tax control over international transactions. As a rule, when performing cross-border transactions, the state implements additional control measures, in particular, tax control over transfer pricing. Foreign trade transactions, if the subject of such transactions are goods that are part of one or more of the following commodity groups (oil and goods produced from oil; black metals; non-ferrous metals; mineral fertilizers; precious metals and precious stones) in Russia belong to the category of controlled ones, which necessitates the use of transfer pricing methods. The audit is carried out in relation to the main taxes, namely, VAT, income tax, mineral extraction tax and personal income tax (in relation to individual entrepreneurs), as well as tax on additional income from the extraction of hydrocarbons. The article examines various tools and methods of control over international transactions carried out by both residents and non-residents. The authors consider the experience of countries with different principles of taxation of international transactions, which will contribute to improving and increasing the efficiency of tax control over international transactions, the correctness of calculation and completeness of payment of taxes when applying transfer pricing.

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Tang, Wenyun. "Solution to the “Trust” Gap of Cross-Border E-Commerce under Blockchain Technology." Financial Forum 9, no. 4 (November 29, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/ff.v9i4.1360.

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<p>With the promotion of 5G technology, my China’s cross-border e-commerce has developed rapidly, and while achieving outstanding results, some shortcomings have also emerged one by one. As cross-border e-commerce involves more regions, links, and legal scopes, there are problems of security and “trust” gaps in actual operations. In response to this problem, connected with current reality and provide new ideas for the practical dilemma of blockchain technology application, this paper studies the ice-breaking mechanism of the current dilemma faced by cross-border e-commerce by using blockchain technology.</p>

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Ma, Xiao-Feng, Michael Kaldenbach, and Bernhard Katzy. "Cross-border innovation intermediaries – matchmaking across institutional contexts." Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 26, no. 6 (March 24, 2014): 703–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2014.899346.

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CHEUNG, DANIEL K. C., SAMUEL Y. S. CHAN, and ISABELLA S. K. LAM. "TAXATION AND ITS IMPLICATION ON CROSS-BORDER PROFITS OF MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES IN HONG KONG." Journal of Enterprising Culture 04, no. 04 (December 1996): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021849589600023x.

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As Hong Kong manufacturers accelerate to shift their operations to China and cease or contract. Their operations in Hong Kong, many of them are taking advantage of the limitation of a source jurisdiction to team up with Chinese companies and escape the Hong Kong tax net. This relocation exercise of their manufacturing base not only allows the Hong Kong manufacturers to enjoy the preferential tax concessions for foreign investors and lower cost of production in mainland China, but also depletes the public coffers to the Hong Kong Government. We therefore postulate two hypotheses: (1) there is a negative association between the business operations in China and those in Hong Kong, and (2) there is a negative association between the business operations in China and the related Hong Kong profits tax liability. A questionnaire survey was carried out to collect data on the level of activities in both China and Hong Kong, in particular data from Hong Kong manufacturers on their Hong Kong profits tax liability. Spearman’s rank-order correlation analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The result supports that the higher the level of business operations in China, the lower the level of business operations in Hong Kong. It also reveals that the higher the level of business operations in China, the lower the related Hong Kong profits tax liability. The issue of tax base erosion is a case for Hong Kong to review its principle of taxing only profits locally generated.

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Salgado, David, Rafael M. Aldrete, Dusan Jolovic, Peter T. Martin, and Gustavo J. Rodriguez. "Ambulance Cross-Border Operations Along the U.S.-Mexico Border: Current Practices in the El Paso-Ciudad Juarez Region." Journal of Transport & Health 5 (June 2017): S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.05.347.

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Bathelt, Harald, and Pengfei Li. "Processes of building cross-border knowledge pipelines." Research Policy 49, no. 3 (April 2020): 103928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.103928.

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Calori, Roland, Michael Lubatkin, and Philippe Very. "Control Mechanisms in Cross-border Acquisitions: An International Comparison." Organization Studies 15, no. 3 (May 1994): 361–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084069401500303.

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This paper analyzes the influence of national culture on the integration mechan isms exercised in international acquisitions. The study of 75 international acquisi tions in Europe (France and the United Kingdom) shows that firms are influenced by their national administrative heritage when they acquire companies abroad. For instance, the French exercise higher formal control of the strategy and the operations, and lower informal control through teamwork than the Americans when they buy firms in the United Kingdom. The Americans exercise higher formal control through procedures than the British when they buy firms in France. As some of these aspects of control were found to be linked with the attitudinal and/or economic performance of the acquired company, we argue that being conscious of the influence of a national administrative heritage should help anticipate cultural problems in the integration process following international acquisitions.

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Niu, Baozhuang, Zifan Shen, Fengfeng Xie, Yaoqi Liu, and Xin Xu. "Real-time payment in cross-border operations considering local competition and tax-planning." International Journal of Production Economics 245 (March 2022): 108395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108395.

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Yang, Monica. "Ownership participation of cross-border mergers and acquisitions by emerging market firms." Management Decision 53, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2014-0260.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to adopt a multi-level approach to investigate what factors shape the content of emerging market firms’ foreign market entry decisions, particularly the ownership participation in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). In addition, the author would like to know if companies from emerging markets that possess higher (or lower) ownership in cross-border M&As receive higher valuation in the market. Design/methodology/approach – Using panel data of cross-border M&As by emerging market firms from 2000 to 2012, the author tests the hypothesized effects of the independent variables on the level of ownership participation; and uses a standard event study methodology to assess the market reaction of a particular cross-border M&A deal. Findings – The author finds that a country-level factor (institutional distance), an industry-level factor (industry unrelatedness) and a firm-level factor (board concentration) have significant impact on ownership participation in cross-border M&As. The author also finds that investors do give high valuation to those emerging market firms that chose high ownership participation in cross-border M&As. However, the author did not finds the support for the relationship between ownership participation and cultural distance. Neither did the author finds the support for the relationship between ownership participation and board independence. Originality/value – This study enhances the understanding of conditions under which the level of ownership participation in cross-border M&As would increase (decrease) and how the market reacts to high (low) ownership participation of cross-border M&As by emerging market firms.

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Pogorletskiy, Alexander I., and Mariya V. Keshner. "Indirect taxation of cross-border e-trade: features of national and intergovernmental regulation." Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research 6, no. 1 (2020): 256–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7897-2020-6-1-256-280.

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The contemporary research in the field of economic and legal assessment of e-trade development, published in Russia, provides a general description of the situation and prospects for the development of international online transactions. At the same time, the aggregate features of taxation of cross-border e-commerce (which is the paper’s subject) are highlighted, without focusing on indirect methods of tax regulation (which are the object of the paper). Based on previous theoretical, methodological and practical studies, the authors systematize the knowledge about cross-border e-commerce operations’ indirect tax regulation both at the national and interstate level, defining the main approaches to taxation in this area. They also propose to focus on the priority of the regulatory (stimulating) role of taxes in their application as tools for influencing international online trading transactions. The main provisions of the paper reveal the principles and features of collecting value-added tax (VAT), excise, customs, and postal duties in the field of export-import e-trade operations with goods, digital content, and electronic services in national tax systems. In addition, this paper characterizes the main directions of international coordination of cross-border e-commerce indirect taxation. The authors have proven their hypothesis that the rapid development of cross-border e-trade in the modern world makes this field of international economic relations attractive enough to enhance the fiscal role of indirect taxation at the national level; however, the difficulties for the global economy early in the third decade of the 21st century require prioritizing the regulating (stimulating) role of indirect taxes to support global economic and trade operations growth, including its electronic segment.

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Gamon, Wojciech, and José Manuel Naranjo Gómez. "Main Problems of Railway Cross-Border Transport Between Poland, Germany and Czech Republic." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 7, 2019): 4900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184900.

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Railway cross-border transport is a special case of railway transport, which, due to the necessity of crossing the state border, raises many difficulties. They result from factors, among which the most important are other power systems, control systems, a variety of regulations regarding traffic management or even problems with communication, resulting from the different languages. These difficulties involve a number of consequences for the fluency and efficiency of transportation, but more importantly, have negative effects on safety. The article describes the main problems of cross-border transport on the example of Poland and two neighbouring countries (Germany and Czech Republic), which are also members of the European Union. For this purpose, in cooperation with the Polish railway undertakings, an analysis was carried out of processes conducted by these in the field of cross-border transport and identifies the main problems in this area. As part of the conducted research, potential solutions and improvements were also proposed. The article focuses solely on the issues of crossing the border and manoeuvring operations at stations close to the German and Czech borders, inasmuch as these processes constitute the largest area of activity of Polish railway undertakings within the framework of rail cross-border transport.

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Edwards, Tony. "Cross-border mergers and acquisitions: the implications for labour." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 5, no. 3 (August 1999): 320–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425899900500305.

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Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in mergers and acquisitions between companies based in different countries. Estimates suggest that the value of cross-border mergers and acquisitions amounted to $342 billion in 1997, a fourfold increase in six years, For employees and their representatives three distinct effects of this international merger activity can be identified: first, a general ‘acquisition’ effect which is common to all mergers, not just those that are cross-border in nature; second, a ‘multinational’ effect in which mergers increase the extent to which the acquired operations are subject to international competition; and, third, a ‘nationality’ effect which arises from differences by country in the way that firms are governed and financed. The nationality effect is the subject of this paper. It is argued that takeovers by Anglo-Saxon multinationals pose significant challenges to employees and their representatives, primarily because the system of corporate governance in Anglo-Saxon countries pressurises management into a ‘cost-minimisation’ approach to managing labour. This Anglo-Saxon aspect of the nationality effect is likely to be widespread, mainly because most international acquisitions are undertaken by Anglo-Saxon multinationals but also because the purchase of firms in Britain and America is a key mechanism through which European multinationals are undergoing a process of ‘Anglo-Saxonisation’.

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Bouchet-Saulnier, Françoise. "Consent to humanitarian access: An obligation triggered by territorial control, not States' rights." International Review of the Red Cross 96, no. 893 (March 2014): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383115000041.

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The debate about the legality of cross-border relief operations has been revived in the wake of the failures experienced by international humanitarian organizations in their response to humanitarian needs in Syria.

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Enderwick, Peter. "Understanding cross-border crime: the value of international business research." critical perspectives on international business 15, no. 2/3 (May 7, 2019): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-01-2019-0006.

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Purpose Based on a considerable degree of commonality between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and cross-border criminal organisations, the purpose of this paper is to identify ways and areas in which international business (IB) research could be of value in improving understanding of the operations of cross-border criminal organisations and in the development of effective countermeasures to global crime. Design/methodology/approach A review of the characteristics of legitimate MNEs and cross-border criminal organisations is undertaken to assess the applicability of IB research approaches in understanding the strategies and structures of organised criminal groups. Findings Despite some obvious differences there appears to be sufficient commonality between legitimate and illegitimate international commerce so that the firm-centric focus of IB research could provide valuable insights complementing the policy-oriented approach of criminology. Some adaptation of IB research tools may be required. The exchange is not one-way: studies of cross-border crime also offer lessons for IB scholars. Research limitations/implications IB scholarly work on cross-border crime could enrich both the fields of IB and transnational criminology. Better understanding of criminal enterprises could also facilitate the design of more effective interdiction policies. Originality/value Despite their commonalities and interactions, the two sectors of international enterprise have developed separately, and this paper identifies and explores possible synergies between the two.

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Tseng, TzuShan. "Current Cross Border e-Commerce Companies Developmental Problems AND Countermeasures." Archives of Business Research 8, no. 5 (June 3, 2020): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.85.8316.

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The development of cross border e-commerce industry is one of important global trends. From eMarketer (2019), the global sales of e-commerce in 2018 was 2.5 trillion US dollars and will reach 7.5 trillion US dollars in 2020. In this number - 7.5 trillion US dollars, the cross border e-commerce consumers will occupy 44.6% of e-commerce’s. Due to the quick development, companies will encounter problems by the way. The research purposes of this study was to discuss problems found through Osterwalder and Pigneur’s business model canvas analysis and provide suggestions. In this sense, During the time of one-year industry-academic cooperation program with Company A, the exploratory case study is relying on several sources of data collections through interviews, case analysis, site-visiting observations and secondary data collection (internal and external data) to analyze Company’s A cross order e-commerce business model and Taiwan’s cross border e-commerce ecosystem. The research subject (Company A) who locate in the vehicles components industry was a Taiwanese SEM and would like to transform into a cross border e-commerce company. The study aimed to explore the cross border e-commerce business model to answer the research question of What is Company A’s recent business model canvas ? If Company A would like to transform into cross border e-commerce, what are the problems? What is Taiwan cross border e-commerce ecosystem which Company A is located ? The research results and suggestions of this cross border e-commerce company are the following. Firstly, the problem is business opportunities are difficult to catch recently and the amount of each order earned is becoming smaller. The suggestion for this problem is to suggest adapting multiple cross border e-commerce portals operations on budgets and “Software Key activities” for decision making. The second problem is the cost of cross border e-commerce logistic is high. The suggest for this problem is to use Big Data Analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) technology to calculate exact oversea inventories. The third problem is lack of trust. The suggest for this problem is localization strategy, to systematically recruit and train the talents who are familiar with the culture, products and markets. And also The study also has some practical implications for cross-border e-commerce companies.

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Fisher, David. "Regulating the Helping Hand: Improving Legal Preparedness for Cross-Border Disaster Medicine." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 3 (June 2010): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00008037.

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AbstractMedical care is a highly regulated field in nearly every country. Therefore, it is not surprising that legal issues regularly arise in cross-border disaster operations that have with the potential to profoundly impact the effectiveness of international assistance. Little attention has been paid to preparing for and addressing these kinds of issues. This paper will report on research by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) on International Disaster Response Law, and discuss new developments in the international legal framework for addressing these issues.For seven years, the IFRC has studied legal issues in cross-border disaster assistance. Its activities have included several dozen case studies, a global survey of governments and humanitarian stakeholders, and a series of meetings and high-level conferences.The IFRC has found a consistent set of regulatory problems in major disaster relief operations related to the entry and regulation of international relief. These include some issues specific to the health field, such as the regulation of drug donations and the recognition of foreign medical qualifications. To address the gaps in domestic and international regulatory structures, the IFRC spearheaded the development of new international guidelines.The legal risks for international health providers in disaster settings are real and should be better integrated into program planning. Governments must become more proactive in ensuring that legal frameworks are flexible enough to mitigate these problems.

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Nix, Fred P., John R. Billing, and Michèle Delaquis. "Impact of Size and Weight Regulations on Trucks Crossing the Canadian-U.S. Border." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1613, no. 1 (January 1998): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1613-05.

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The conventional view is that U.S. federal limits govern trucks operating across the Canadian-U.S. border. The identification of 118 roads crossing the border and a description of the regulations in neighboring provinces and states governing traffic on them are provided. Surveys at 25 crossings that carry 87 percent of cross-border truck traffic have identified truck configurations in different regions. The standard fiveaxle tractor-semitrailer, at a gross vehicle weight of up to 36 287 kg (80,000 lb), is the principal truck used between the two countries, but mainly for low-density freight or long hauls. Almost 22 percent of trucks crossing the border are configured to carry payloads heavier than possible with this truck. Most have at least six axles, and many make use of liftable axles. Local cross-border trucking operations are making significant use of trucks larger and/or heavier than those allowed under U.S. federal regulations and under provincial and state regulations, grandfather rights, or permits.

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Mu, Dong, Huanyu Ren, and Chao Wang. "A Literature Review of Taxes in Cross-Border Supply Chain Modeling: Themes, Tax Types and New Trade-Offs." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 17, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 20–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17010002.

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The e-commerce platforms have facilitated the information flow of cross-border supply chain (CBSC) and attracted a wide range of companies and individuals to participate in cross-border businesses. The tax costs associated with cross-border commodity flow have received unprecedented attention. However, there is a lack of common platforms between international tax planners and CBSC optimizers, and the impact of various tax policies on CBSC operations is still unclear. To fill this gap, this study presents a literature review to elaborate on the interface between taxes and CBSC operations. First, a literature collection approach is constructed, and 71 pertinent publications are identified. Then, a four-dimensional categorization consisting of supply chain themes, research methodologies, tax types, and illustration types was designed to classify and summarize the research content of the selected articles. The results show that (1) there are six main supply chain-related themes, i.e., the supply chain network, the distribution channel structure, product quantity and quality, production outsourcing, the procurement mode, and supply chain emissions, that are significantly affected by taxes. (2) Four types of taxes, including the corporate income tax (CIT), tariffs, environmental taxes and the value-added tax (VAT), have obvious impacts on CBSC operations. (3) Four mainstream methodologies, i.e., mathematical models, empirical models, conceptual models and simulation models, have been applied to explore the tax effects in CBSC modeling. (4) The tax-saving opportunities in CBSC operations mainly come from the following five areas: CIT rate gaps in different regions, special tax regulations such as the tax cross-credit principle and arm’s length principle, regional trade agreements (RTAs), preferential tax policies and export VAT rebate policy. Finally, this research provides a framework to analyze the trade-offs between taxes and traditional CBSC modeling factors. The results can support enterprises in CBSC in dealing with the complex international tax policies.

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Grémont, Johann. "The Maintenance of Law and Order in the China–Vietnam Borderlands During the French Colonial Period (1896–1940)." Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies 5, no. 1S (December 16, 2021): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54631/vs.2021.s-34-43.

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The item about border between China and Vietnam is not just a contemporary issue. Its building and its story takes its roots in the past and the colonial period played a major role. This article aims to analyse how the French colonial administration tried to keep order on the Tonkin border. First, the structure of the maintenance of law and order along the border is analysed to better understand how these diverse borderlands areas with a harsh climate and a multi-ethnic population resulted in many issues, giving birth to the challenges of law and order on border. Then, dynamics of cross border criminal activities are studied. The authority of these isolated French colonial troops in the borderlands is usually fragile. In front of this situation, the author will question the colonial administrations response against the threat of cross border criminality. Military actions and police operations are mixed and order and law is kept thanks to an auxiliary force made up of local populations, the partisans, that is the real backbone to maintain law and order in the borderlands.

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Yang, Gaoju, Yujie Wang, Futao Lu, Linhui Yu, and Shuzhong Ma. "What Determines the Pattern of China's Cross-Border E-Commence With the World?" Journal of Global Information Management 29, no. 5 (September 2021): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.20210901.oa4.

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Cross-border e-commerce has gradually expanded in international trade markets over the past decades. This paper analyzes the determinants of the volume of cross-border e-commerce in a gravity model framework. Moreover, the paper explores the role of internet popularity and finds a significant promotion effect on the volume of cross-border e-commerce. Furthermore, by utilizing cross-border express delivery data, the analysis indicates a significant difference in the impacts of the determinants between the aggregate and consumer levels and provides an important addition to the literature on e-commerce and international trade.

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Knoll, Bodo, Nadine Riedel, Thomas Schwab, Maximilian Todtenhaupt, and Johannes Voget. "Cross-border effects of R&D tax incentives." Research Policy 50, no. 9 (November 2021): 104326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104326.

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Mensah, Isaac Kofi, Guohua Zeng, and Chuanyong Luo. "The Impact of National Culture Dimensions on the Adoption of Cross-Border E-Commerce." International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector 12, no. 4 (October 2020): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisss.2020100105.

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This study integrated the cultural dimensions such as power distance, collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientation into the UTAUT to examine the comparative impact of cultural dimensions on the adoption of cross-border e-commerce between the Chinese and Russian citizens. The data analysis was conducted with SPSS and Smart PLS 3.0. The results indicate that power distance, collectivism, and long-term orientation respectively were significant predictors of performance expectancy and effort expectancy of cross-border e-commerce for both Chinese and Russian citizens. Uncertainty avoidance and masculinity were also found to determine the performance expectancy of cross-border e-commerce. However, while uncertainty avoidance and masculinity were significant determinants of the effort expectancy of cross-border e-commerce in the context of the Russia sample, it was not so for the Chinese sample. In addition, performance expectancy and social influence were positive predictors of the intention to use cross-border e-commerce for both Chinese and Russia samples.

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Bartman, Steef M. "Editorial: The Adopted Proposal for an EU Directive on Cross-Border Operations: A Realistic Compromise." European Company Law 16, Issue 5 (October 1, 2019): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eucl2019021.

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Tanti, Dewi Sad, Robert Jeyakumar Nathan, Ponco Budi Sulistyo, Soekmawati, Farah Hanim, and Viviantie Sarjuni. "EMPOWERING CROSS-BORDER WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS VIA MOBILE ICT: FRAMEWORK FOR MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN WOMEN-LED MSMES." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 340–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp340-357.

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Women’s share in the business sector in Malaysia and Indonesia lags behind their male counterpart. However, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) could serve as a game changer to empower women startup and entrepreneurs. The acceptance and usage of Mobile ICT in business operations could empower more women-led Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to grow and fulfill customer needs and wants. However, there is a lack of established models to measure mobile ICT’s role in women MSMEs in these developing countries. Through the review of policy papers and relevant literatures, this study presents a framework to assess the adoption of Mobile ICT in women-led MSMEs factoring cross-border networking. Building upon Social Network Theory and Technology Acceptance Model, this study presents a framework and discusses recommendations for further action to empower women-led MSMEs in both countries by leveraging on cross-border networking capabilities between Indonesian and Malaysian women-led MSMEs. This study highlights the strength of international and cross-border networking among women startup and entrepreneurs where mentoring could happen to empower women startups and entrepreneurs. Keywords: Mobile ICT usage, women empowerment, MSMEs development, workforce digitization, cross-border entrepreneurship, social network theory, startups. Cite as: Tanti, D. S., Nathan, R. J., Sulistyo, P. B., Soekmawati, Hanim, F., & Sarjuni, V. (2021). Empowering cross-border women entrepreneurs via mobile ICT: Framework for Malaysian and Indonesian women-led MSMEs. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(2), 340-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp340-357

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Sahni, Kanika, and Nancy Sahni. "Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions by Indian firms- An Analysis of Pre and Post Merger performance." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 2 (July 15, 2013): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v4i2.1903.

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The corporate sector all over the world is restructuring its operations through different types of consolidation strategies like mergers and acquisitions in order to face challenges posed by the new pattern of globalisation, which has led to the greater integration of national and international markets.. The intensity of cross-border operations recorded an unprecedented surge since the mid-1990s and the same trend continues (World Investment Report, 2000).The objective of the study is to analyse and compare the pre and post-merger and acquisition financial performance of four firms- Ranbaxy, Dr Reddy, Tata Steel and Hindalco through ratio analysis. For this, the data was being collected for three years before and after the acquisition from Capitaline database. Then to compare the changes, SPSS tool- Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was being applied. The study concluded that cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions of the selected firms have resulted in no significant change in the financial performance of these firms.

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Narayan, P. C., and M. Thenmozhi. "Do cross-border acquisitions involving emerging market firms create value." Management Decision 52, no. 8 (September 9, 2014): 1451–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2014-0227.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to M&A literature by explicitly investigating whether cross-border acquisitions involving emerging markets, either as acquirers or as targets, create value and how is the performance outcome in such acquisitions impacted by deal-specific characteristics. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses industry-adjusted operating performance to measure acquisition gains, the Wilcoxon signed rank test to examine value creation potential and OLS regression to evaluate the impact of deal characteristics on acquisition gains. Findings – The authors find very pronounced value destruction when emerging market firms acquire targets in developed markets, the adverse outcome being further aggravated when the mode of acquisition is “tender offer” rather than a “negotiated deal”. On the other hand, when developed market firms acquire targets from emerging markets, there is an even chance of value creation, the outcome being favourably influenced by the pre-acquisition performance of the two firms, relative size of the target and cash (not stock-swap) as the mode of payment. Originality/value – The findings from this paper offer an important, statistically significant explanation on the value creation potential and the impact of deal characteristics on post-acquisition operating performance in cross-border acquisitions involving emerging market firms. This finding assumes immense significance, given the rapidly changing landscape of global M&A, witnessed through a continuous rise in the volume and value of cross-border acquisitions involving emerging market firms.

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Ackermann, Alice. "The OSCE and transnational security challenges." Security and Human Rights 20, no. 3 (2009): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187502309789192432.

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AbstractAlthough the engagement of the Organization for Security and Co-operation (OSCE) with Afghanistan, as an OSCE Asian Partner for Co-operation, is not a new effort, a more structured and focused approach was initiated by the participating States at the Madrid OSCE Ministerial Council in November 2007 and its Decision No. 4/07 (MC Decision No. 4/07). The Ministerial Council Decision identifies the need for OSCE support in three major areas: border security and management, and policing and combating trafficking, with such activities complementing already other national and international efforts. Since then, the implementation of MC Decision No. 4/07 has put OSCE efforts towards Afghanistan on a more systematic basis. With a programme of activities that includes 16 projects, and that aims at the strengthening of border security and management, the facilitation of cross-border co-operation and the enhancement of national law enforcement capacities, the OSCE is well-positioned to strengthen its engagement with Afghanistan. In particular, it can draw on substantial expertise within its existing channels, including its field operations in Central Asia. Although OSCE engagement with Afghanistan remains a challenging task, in particular given the financial constraints of the Organization, the OSCE can continue to build on the solid interaction already established within the Partnership for Co-operation framework.

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Wen, Long. "Development Analysis of Cross-Border E-Commerce Logistics Based on Big Data Technology Under Safety Law Protection." International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector 14, no. 2 (April 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisss.290547.

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To improve logistics level of cross-border e-commerce, big data technology can effectively enhance its logistics level. Firstly, difficulties existing in international logistics management and the necessity of international logistics supply chain management are discussed. Secondly, challenges and opportunities of big data technology to cross-border E-commerce are analyzed respectively. Big data logistics and its characteristics are studied in depth. The cross-border e-commerce sales forecast model is established based on GM(1,1), and the proposed model is verified based on case study, simulation results show that the prediction model can improve the prediction precision of sales amount. Finally, integration measurements of big data and cross-border E-commerce are put forward under a suitable local law protection.

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Xu, Yujing, Wenqian Jiang, Yu Li, and Jia Guo. "The Influences of Live Streaming Affordance in Cross-Border E-Commerce Platforms." Journal of Global Information Management 30, no. 2 (July 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.20220301.oa3.

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Despite the promise of cross-border e-commerce, attracting consumers is still a worldwide challenge. Many cross-border e-commerce platforms have responded to the challenges by embracing innovative tools like live streaming. However, there has been limited understandings of the unique nature of live streaming and its empirical influence. Taking an affordance view of live streaming, this study defines affordance of live streaming as the capacities provided by live streaming and examines how affordance of live streaming affect consumer behavior in the cross-border e-commerce context based on information transparency perspective. Results show that although live streaming does not directly affect consumers’ cross-border purchase intention, it can increase consumers’ purchase intention through increasing perceived information transparency. In addition, affordance of live streaming can further moderate the relationship between different types of information transparency and consumers’ cross-border purchase intention. The findings provide a much-needed contribution to academia and business.

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Olsena, Solvita. "Implementation of the Patients’ Rights in Cross-border Healthcare Directive in Latvia." European Journal of Health Law 21, no. 1 (February 13, 2014): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12341306.

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Abstract Latvia, being one of the eu Member States, has an obligation to implement the rules stated by the Directive 2011/24/eu on Patients’ Rights in Cross-border Healthcare (hereinafter — the Directive) before 25 October 2013 in existing national legislation and practice. Implementation was carried out under pressured circumstances. A National Contact Point has been established, information is provided for patients in Latvian and to some extent in English, the Medical Treatment Risk Fund will start operations to provide compensation for harm, and the restrictions and procedure for prior authorisation have been stated. The need to secure quality of care and patient safety and well as privacy protection are the most challenging tasks for Latvia. It can be concluded that some progress in patients’ rights can be achieved, but it is doubtful if patients’ mobility will be stimulated.

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Yue, Hongfei, Jiani Wu, and Lin Yao. "Analysis on the Development and Bottlenecks of China’s Cross - Border E – Commerce." Studies in Asian Social Science 4, no. 2 (July 25, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/sass.v4n2p26.

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The Internet came to China in 1994, and in the past about 20 years, it has penetrated the country's industry andcommercial sectors. Fundamental changes brought by the Internet have been incorporated in the operations oftraditional industry markets. In recent years, China’s cross-border e-commerce has demonstrated an explosive growthmomentum with the open strategy of "Going global strategy and bringing-in", which has become a new engine ofChina's economic development. However, there are still some bottlenecks in the development of China’s cross bordere-commerce. The major one is the mismatch between the traditional business supervision measures and thecontinuous innovative business models. The paper reviews the status of China’s cross-border e-commerce;summarize the policy environment of cross-board e-commerce cooperation in China; analysis the bottlenecks andkey problems in the development of ross-board e-commerce and proposes the policy recommendations for thebottleneck problems.

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R, J. Isaac Pemberthy, Juan E. Muriel Villegas, and Alexander A. Correa Espinal. "A cross-border, long haul freight transportation problem with transhipments." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 32, no. 3/4 (2019): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2019.098327.

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Muriel Villegas, Juan E., Alexander A. Correa Espinal, and J. Isaac Pemberthy R. "A cross-border, long haul freight transportation problem with transhipments." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 32, no. 3/4 (2019): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2019.10019768.

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Zámborský, Peter, Zheng Joseph Yan, Erwann Sbaï, and Matthew Larsen. "Cross-Border M&A Motives and Home Country Institutions: Role of Regulatory Quality and Dynamics in the Asia-Pacific Region." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14100468.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between home country institutions and cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A) motives of MNEs from the Asia-Pacific region, with a focus on the role of regulatory quality and dynamics. We empirically examine how M&A motives are affected by elements related to risk of the institutional environment of the acquiring firm’s home country regulatory quality over time. The study is grounded in the general theory of springboard MNEs, and the institutional views of cross-border operations, namely the institutional escapism and institutional fostering perspectives. Using data on over 700 cross-border M&As of European firms by Asia-Pacific MNEs in 2007–2017, we analyze the rationales for these deals and their relationship to the institutional characteristics of the buyers’ home countries including regulatory quality and voice and accountability. We found that the quality of home country regulatory environment is significantly related to domestic firms’ motivation for international M&As. However, the significance and sign of the effects differ for different types of motives and over time. Our findings contribute to the literature on general versus emerging MNE-specific internationalization theories (particularly the theory of springboard MNEs) by expounding on the types and dynamics of cross-border M&A motives.

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Tverdostup, Maryna, Tiiu Paas, and Mariia Chebotareva. "What Can Support Cross-Border Cooperation in the Blue Economy? Lessons from Blue Sector Performance Analysis in Estonia and Finland." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031817.

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Cross-border cooperation creates possibilities for improving the economic performance of the economies of different countries and allows for the efficient use of resources by considering sector-specific conditions for cooperation. The objective of this paper is to provide a methodological framework for analysing the economic performance of selected blue sectors, suggesting additional information for the development of cross-border cooperation in two neighbouring countries: Estonia and Finland. The analysis of the economic performance of the selected blue sectors relies on the Amadeus database for both countries, the implementation of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and the calculation of partial productivity measures. The results of the study show that, on average, blue sectors report good performance indicators in coastal regions, but there are also some signs of imperfect efficiency. The common pattern of imperfectly efficient blue sectors in both countries is due to an excess of some fixed assets, which convey extra costs for business activities and, to some extent, generate excessive environmental pressures. The special nature of a shared blue economic area between Estonia and Finland stipulates close cross-border cooperation as an important tool to improve the performance of the imperfectly efficient sectors through shared “best practice” operations, technologies, and infrastructures. However, the lack of appropriate cross-border statistical data restricts analytical opportunities and the development of policy recommendations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cross-border operations'

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