Journal articles on the topic 'Crop Wild relatives (CWRs)'
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Viruel, Juan, Michael B. Kantar, Roberta Gargiulo, Peri Hesketh-Prichard, Nathan Leong, Christopher Cockel, Félix Forest, et al. "Crop wild phylorelatives (CWPs): phylogenetic distance, cytogenetic compatibility and breeding system data enable estimation of crop wild relative gene pool classification." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 195, no. 1 (September 10, 2020): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaa064.
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Abstract Enabling food security requires access to a broad range of genetic resources to facilitate crop breeding. This need is increased in a climate change scenario, which will require the production of novel crops adapted to new conditions. However, many major crops have reduced genetic diversity due to the genetic bottlenecks that they have experienced during their domestication and subsequent breeding. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) remain underexploited in plant breeding programmes, mostly because of the lack of knowledge of their cross-compatibility with crops. In this study, we use a combination of phylogenetic distance metrics, cytogenetic compatibility data (e.g. chromosome number and ploidy) and information about breeding systems to predict interspecific cross-compatibility between crop and wild species and hence identify crop wild phylorelatives (CWPs) (i.e. CWRs that can breed with the crop). We illustrate this concept using cultivated asparagus as a model by integrating previous cross-compatibility knowledge and CWR classifications into a phylogenetic framework reconstructed using available sequence data. Our approach aims to reinforce the use of the gene pool classification system of CWRs of Harlan and De Wet, since CWPs are estimated to belong to the secondary gene pool and non-CWPs to the tertiary gene pool. Identifying CWPs unlocks novel uses of genetic resources, although such data are available for less than half of the known CWRs (43.4% with sequence data and 32.5% with known ploidy). The need to conserve plants that provide or enhance provisioning ecosystem services, including CWRs, is clear if we are to rise to the global challenge of ensuring food security for all. However, basic knowledge about their conservation status is still lacking, with only c. 20% of CWRs assigned an IUCN red list assessment, 23% of which are Data Deficient (DD). Using the CWP classification presented here to define CWRs will contribute towards helping to prioritize CWRs for IUCN assessments and, where prioritised, conservation.
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Rostami, Reza, and Korous Khoshbakht. "Conservation status and sustainable local use of crop and crop wild relative species in the Bistoon protected area / West of Iran." Journal of Agrobiology 29, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10146-012-0009-z.
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Abstract Collecting information about crop wild relatives (CWRs) as vital genetic resources for food security is the first stage of monitoring them. In this study, which was conducted in a protected area, we surveyed the conservation status of CWR sand, and the interaction between the condition of these plants and their local use. From 338 plant species in the area, 179 crop wild relatives in 38 families were identified. None of them is threatened, but some endemic rare or vulnerable plants such as Alkanna frigida Boiss. could cause some anxiety. Among these species 19 species of CWRs have edible usage in this area. Harvesting the crop wild relatives from nature by the local people is seen as a conservative factor although this is not usually true of other species.
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Engels, Johannes M. M., and Imke Thormann. "Main Challenges and Actions Needed to Improve Conservation and Sustainable Use of Our Crop Wild Relatives." Plants 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9080968.
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Crop wild relatives (CWR, plural CWRs) are those wild species that are regarded as the ancestors of our cultivated crops. It was only at the end of the last century that they were accorded a high priority for their conservation and, thus, for many genebanks, they are a new and somewhat unknown set of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. After defining and characterizing CWR and their general threat status, providing an assessment of biological peculiarities of CWR with respect to conservation management, illustrating the need for prioritization and addressing the importance of data and information, we made a detailed assessment of specific aspects of CWRs of direct relevance for their conservation and use. This assessment was complemented by an overview of the current status of CWRs conservation and use, including facts and figures on the in situ conservation, on the ex situ conservation in genebanks and botanic gardens, as well as of the advantages of a combination of in situ and ex situ conservation, the so-called complementary conservation approach. In addition, a brief assessment of the situation with respect to the use of CWRs was made. From these assessments we derived the needs for action in order to achieve a more effective and efficient conservation and use, specifically with respect to the documentation of CWRs, their in situ and ex situ, as well as their complementarity conservation, and how synergies between these components can be obtained. The review was concluded with suggestions on how use can be strengthened, as well as the conservation system at large at the local, national, and regional/international level. Finally, based on the foregoing assessments, a number of recommendations were elaborated on how CWRs can be better conserved and used in order to exploit their potential benefits more effectively.
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Kapazoglou, Aliki, Maria Gerakari, Efstathia Lazaridi, Konstantina Kleftogianni, Efi Sarri, Eleni Tani, and Penelope J. Bebeli. "Crop Wild Relatives: A Valuable Source of Tolerance to Various Abiotic Stresses." Plants 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12020328.
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Global climate change is one of the major constraints limiting plant growth, production, and sustainability worldwide. Moreover, breeding efforts in the past years have focused on improving certain favorable crop traits, leading to genetic bottlenecks. The use of crop wild relatives (CWRs) to expand genetic diversity and improve crop adaptability seems to be a promising and sustainable approach for crop improvement in the context of the ongoing climate challenges. In this review, we present the progress that has been achieved towards CWRs exploitation for enhanced resilience against major abiotic stressors (e.g., water deficiency, increased salinity, and extreme temperatures) in crops of high nutritional and economic value, such as tomato, legumes, and several woody perennial crops. The advances in -omics technologies have facilitated the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that may underlie abiotic stress tolerance. Comparative analyses of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) data between crops and their wild relative counterparts have unraveled important information with respect to the molecular basis of tolerance to abiotic stressors. These studies have uncovered genomic regions, specific stress-responsive genes, gene networks, and biochemical pathways associated with resilience to adverse conditions, such as heat, cold, drought, and salinity, and provide useful tools for the development of molecular markers to be used in breeding programs. CWRs constitute a highly valuable resource of genetic diversity, and by exploiting the full potential of this extended allele pool, new traits conferring abiotic-stress tolerance may be introgressed into cultivated varieties leading to superior and resilient genotypes. Future breeding programs may greatly benefit from CWRs utilization for overcoming crop production challenges arising from extreme environmental conditions.
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Rahman, Wiguna, Joana Magos Brehm, Nigel Maxted, Jade Phillips, Aremi R. Contreras-Toledo, Mariam Faraji, and Mauricio Parra Quijano. "Gap analyses of priority wild relatives of food crop in current ex situ and in situ conservation in Indonesia." Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 10 (July 6, 2021): 2827–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02225-4.
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AbstractConservation programmes are always limited by available resources. Careful planning is therefore required to increase the efficiency of conservation and gap analysis can be used for this purpose. This method was used to assess the representativeness of current ex situ and in situ conservation actions of 234 priority crop wild relatives (CWR) in Indonesia. This analysis also included species distribution modelling, the creation of an ecogeographical land characterization map, and a complementarity analysis to identify priorities area for in situ conservation and for further collecting of ex situ conservation programmes. The results show that both current ex situ and in situ conservation actions are insufficient. Sixty-six percent of priority CWRs have no recorded ex situ collections. Eighty CWRs with ex situ collections are still under-represented in the national genebanks and 65 CWRs have no presence records within the existing protected area network although 60 are predicted to exist in several protected areas according to their potential distribution models. The complementarity analysis shows that a minimum of 61 complementary grid areas (complementary based on grid cells) are required to conserve all priority taxa and 40 complementary protected areas (complementary based on existing protected areas) are required to conserve those with known populations within the existing in situ protected area network. The top ten of complementary protected areas are proposed as the initial areas for the development of CWR genetic reserves network in Indonesia. It is recommended to enhanced coordination between ex situ and in situ conservation stakeholders for sustaining the long term conservation of CWR in Indonesia. Implementation of the research recommendations will provide for the first time an effective conservation planning of Indonesia’s CWR diversity and will significantly enhance the country’s food and nutritional security.
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Niranjana, M., MS Saharan, SK Jha, Niharika Mallick, K. Raghunandan, and Vinod. "Use of Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) of Wheat in Disease Resistance Breeding." Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 35, no. 3 (2022): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00062.6.
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Perrino, Enrico Vito, and Robert Philipp Wagensommer. "Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) Threatened and Endemic to Italy: Urgent Actions for Protection and Use." Biology 11, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020193.
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An updated overview of the 29 threatened crop wild relatives (CWRs) endemic to Italy is presented, namely: Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. nebrodense, Barbarea rupicola, Brassica baldensis, Brassica glabrescens, Brassica macrocarpa, Brassica rupestris subsp. hispida, Brassica rupestris subsp. rupestris, Brassica tardarae, Brassicatrichocarpa, Brassica tyrrhena, Brassica villosa subsp. bivonana, Brassica villosa subsp. brevisiliqua, Brassica villosa subsp. drepanensis, Brassica villosa subsp. tineoi, Brassica villosa subsp. villosa, Daucus broteroi, Daucus carota subsp. rupestris, Daucus nebrodensis, Diplotaxis scaposa, Festuca centroapenninica, Lathyrus apenninus, Lathyrus odoratus, Malus crescimannoi, Phalaris arundinacea subsp. rotgesii, Vicia brulloi, Vicia consentina, Vicia giacominiana, Vicia ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca, Vicia tenuifolia subsp. elegans. Data concerning geographical distribution, ecology (including plant communities and habitats of the Directive 92/43/EEC), genetics (chromosome number, breeding system, and/or the existence of gene pools), threat status at the national and international level (Red Lists), key plant properties, and in situ and ex situ conservation were analyzed and shown. At present, most of the listed endemic CWRs, 23 out of 29, have no gene pool at all, so they are CWRs only according to the taxon group and not according to the gene pool concept. In addition, there is a serious lack of data on the ex situ conservation in gene banks, with 16 species identified as high priority (HP) while 22 taxa have high priority (A) for in situ conservation. With the aim of their protection, conservation, and valorization, specific and urgent actions are recommended.
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McGregor, Cecilia E., and Vickie Waters. "Pollen Viability of F1 Hybrids between Watermelon Cultivars and Disease-resistant, Infraspecific Crop Wild Relatives." HortScience 48, no. 12 (December 2013): 1428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.12.1428.
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Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are important sources of variation for domesticated crops like watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) where cultivated varieties have a very narrow genetic base. The use of CWRs in plant breeding can be hampered by low fertility, chromosomal rearrangements, marker distortion, and linkage drag in the progeny. Pollen viability can be a quick and easy way to estimate male fertility, which can be a cause of marker distortion and an indicator of chromosomal rearrangements. Pollen viability was determined for F1 hybrids between cultivars and resistant citron and egusi types and the data were used to determine whether the parental cultivars/lines used or the directionality of the cross play a role in pollen viability. F1 hybrids between cultivars and the egusi type showed no reduction in pollen viability compared with parental lines, whereas pollen viability of hybrids with citron types varied between 61.8% and 91.7%. Significant main effects were observed for the cultivar and donor lines used, but the directionality of the cross did not affect pollen viability. F1 hybrids with ‘Crimson Sweet’ as the cultivar parent had significantly higher pollen viability than those with ‘Sugar Baby’ or ‘Charleston Gray’. Our results indicate that the directionality of the crosses between watermelon cultivars and infraspecific CWRs does not affect pollen viability but that the specific cultivars and donor lines used can have a significant effect. The high pollen viability of cultivar–egusi hybrids is supported by previous genetic data and strongly suggests that it should be easier to introgress traits from egusi types than citron types.
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Kanatas, Panagiotis, Ioannis Gazoulis, Stavros Zannopoulos, Alexandros Tataridas, Anastasia Tsekoura, Nikolaos Antonopoulos, and Ilias Travlos. "Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Subsp. Drummondii) and Weedy Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)—Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) as Weeds in Agriculture." Diversity 13, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13100463.
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Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. drummondii) and weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are two examples of crop wild relatives (CWRs) that have become troublesome weeds in agriculture. Shattercane is a race belonging to a different subspecies than domesticated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor). Weedy sunflower populations are natural hybrids between wild and domesticated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Both species have key weedy characteristics, such as early seed shattering and seed dormancy, which play an important role in their success as agricultural weeds. They are widely reported as important agricultural weeds in the United States and have invaded various agricultural areas in Europe. Shattercane is very competitive to sorghum, maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Weedy sunflower causes severe yield losses in sunflower, maize, soybean, pulse crops, and industrial crops. Herbicide resistance was confirmed in populations of both species. The simultaneous presence of crops and their wild relatives in the field leads to crop–wild gene flow. Hybrids are fertile and competitive. Hybridization between herbicide-tolerant crops and wild populations creates herbicide-resistant hybrid populations. Crop rotation, false seedbed, cover crops, and competitive crop genotypes can suppress shattercane and weedy sunflower. Preventative measures are essential to avoid their spread on new agricultural lands. The development of effective weed management strategies is also essential to prevent hybridization between sorghum, sunflower, and their wild relatives and to mitigate its consequences.
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Bawin, Yves, Bart Panis, Samuel Vanden Abeele, Zhiying Li, Julie Sardos, Janet Paofa, Xue-Jun Ge, Arne Mertens, Olivier Honnay, and Steven B. Janssens. "Genetic diversity and core subset selection in ex situ seed collections of the banana crop wild relative Musa balbisiana." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 6 (November 29, 2019): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262119000376.
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AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWRs) play a key role in crop breeding by providing beneficial trait characteristics for improvement of related crops. CWRs are more efficiently used in breeding if the plant material is genetically characterized, but the diversity in CWR genetic resources has often poorly been assessed. Seven seed collections of Musa balbisiana, an important CWR of dessert and cooking bananas, originating from three natural populations, two feral populations and two ex situ field collections were retrieved and their genetic diversity was quantified using 18 microsatellite markers to select core subsets that conserve the maximum genetic diversity. The highest genetic diversity was observed in the seed collections from natural populations of Yunnan, a region that is part of M. balbisiana's centre of origin. The seeds from the ex situ field collections were less genetically diverse, but contained unique variation with regards to the diversity in all seed collections. Seeds from feral populations displayed low genetic diversity. Core subsets that maximized genetic distance incorporated almost no seeds from the ex situ field collections. In contrast, core subsets that maximized allelic richness contained seeds from the ex situ field collections. We recommend the conservation and additional collection of seeds from natural populations, preferentially originating from the species' region of origin, and from multiple individuals in one population. We also suggest that the number of seeds used for ex situ seed bank regeneration must be much higher for the seed collections from natural populations.
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Montenegro, Maywa. "Banking on Wild Relatives to Feed the World." Gastronomica 16, no. 1 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2016.16.1.1.
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Crop wild relatives, the progenitors and kin of domesticated crop species, promise breeders a potent weapon against climate change. Having evolved outside the pampered environs of farms, wild relatives tend to be more rugged to survive temperature, salt, floods, and drought—all the extremes characteristic of a warming planet. But who will benefit from re-wilded crops? What kinds of agricultural systems will they tend to support? And can wild relatives be protected before they are lost under pavement, desertification, and expanding industrial farms? In this essay, I explore different visions of conservation and use for crop wild relatives. With CWR valued at an estimated $115–120 billion to the global economy annually, many researchers suggest ancient germplasm can be harnessed to feed billions in a warming world. Others look more closely at ancient customs and farmer knowledge that have long promoted conservation of wild species within and around cultivated landscapes. By intentionally planting crops at field borders, farmers also perform “in vivo” breeding. I conclude that wild relatives hold much potential to reinfuse diversity into eroded crop gene pools, providing greater systemic resilience. But unless we consider who controls seeds, intellectual property, and wild and agricultural lands, CWR innovations will only prop up an agriculture that ultimately undercuts crop and wild relative renewal.
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Phillips, Jade, Katherine Whitehouse, and Nigel Maxted. "Anin situapproach to the conservation of temperate cereal crop wild relatives in the Mediterranean Basin and Asian centre of diversity." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 2 (January 9, 2019): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262118000588.
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AbstractCereal crops are one of the most widely consumed and most valuable crops for humankind. The species have been domesticated for over 10,000 years and as such have lost much of the genetic diversity that is present within their wild relatives. Future breeding efforts will require the use of genetic diversity from crop wild relatives (CWRs) to help improve our cereal crops. This study aims to identify anin situconservation network within the Mediterranean Basin and west Asia for the four cereal crops, barley (HordeumL.), oat (AvenaL.), rye (SecaleL.) and wheat (AegilopsL.,AmblyopyrumL.,TriticumL.). This region is a centre of diversity for these taxa and an area of potentially high genetic diversity, which if left unprotected will not be available for plant breeders to utilize in the future. Presence point data for a total of 90 taxa were collected from GBIF and resulted in 76,343 individual presence points across the 44 countries in the study region. Geographic Information System (GIS) software was used to identify potentialin situreserve networks per crop genepool and for all crops combined. Results indicate a network of 10 locations across the region which would protect over 80% of the taxa. The number one priority reserve is found within the Fertile Crescent region on the border of Israel, Syria and Jordan. This proposed reserve location contains 93 currently protected areas (i.e. National Parks) and as such, it may only be necessary to alter management plans to effectively protect CWR populations. For taxa not found within protected areasex situconservation may be more appropriate and should be implemented as a backup to thein situreserve network.
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Tas, Necla, George West, Gun Kircalioglu, S. Boyraz Topaloglu, Jade Phillips, Shelagh Kell, and Nigel Maxted. "Conservation gap analysis of crop wild relatives in Turkey." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262118000564.
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AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are wild plant taxa relatively closely related to crops that can contribute beneficial traits for crop improvement, such as biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Turkey has a rich flora of approximately 11,000 higher plant taxa, has two Vavilov centres of crop diversity (i.e. the Mediterranean and the Near East), is recognized as the cradle of agriculture providing the northern boundary of the Fertile Crescent, and has recently been identified as the country with the highest concentration of CWR diversity. The objective of this paper is to present the results of a gap analysis of CWR genetic diversity in Turkey using existing data sources of 458 of the 764 priority CWR taxa with available georeferenced data. In total, 27,597 presence points were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Aegean Agricultural Research Institute in Menemen and Field Crops Central Research Institute, Ankara. Geographic Information System (GIS) software was used to identify taxon richness, sampling bias, future ex situ population collection and location where existing protected sites could form the basis of national network of in situ genetic reserves. CWR taxon richness was located along the Aegean Coast, Syrian border and southern Mediterranean coast. Current ex situ representation of CWR taxa is inadequate and further collection across the entire country is required. The highest priority in situ reserve location is found in Izmir, Sanliurfa and Antalya province, which reflects overall CWR richness.
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Davis, Aaron P., Helen Chadburn, Justin Moat, Robert O’Sullivan, Serene Hargreaves, and Eimear Nic Lughadha. "High extinction risk for wild coffee species and implications for coffee sector sustainability." Science Advances 5, no. 1 (January 2019): eaav3473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3473.
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Wild coffee species are critical for coffee crop development and, thus, for sustainability of global coffee production. Despite this fact, the extinction risk and conservation priority status of the world’s coffee species are poorly known. Applying IUCN Red List of Threatened Species criteria to all (124) wild coffee species, we undertook a gap analysis for germplasm collections and protected areas and devised a crop wild relative (CWR) priority system. We found that at least 60% of all coffee species are threatened with extinction, 45% are not held in any germplasm collection, and 28% are not known to occur in any protected area. Existing conservation measures, including those for key coffee CWRs, are inadequate. We propose that wild coffee species are extinction sensitive, especially in an era of accelerated climatic change.
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Cortés, Andrés J., Amandine Cornille, and Roxana Yockteng. "Evolutionary Genetics of Crop-Wild Complexes." Genes 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13010001.
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El Mokni, Ridha, Giulio Barone, Nigel Maxted, Shelagh Kell, and Gianniantonio Domina. "A prioritised inventory of crop wild relatives and wild harvested plants of Tunisia." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 69, no. 5 (January 19, 2022): 1787–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01340-z.
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AbstractAn inventory of crop wild relatives (CWR) and wild harvested plants (WHP) occurring in Tunisia, based on the integration of the last available floristic checklists, is presented. The taxa were prioritised according to economic value of the related crop, potential for crop improvement, threat status, endemism, inclusion in the ITPGRFA (Annex I) and average annual contributions to dietary energy (kilocalories) per capita per day by applying a scoring system based on 4 priority levels. Of a total of 2912 taxa belonging to the Tunisian Flora, 2504 CWR and/or WHP (86% of the total), from 143 families and 686 genera, were identified, 2445 of which are CWR and 847 are WHP. In detail, 1654 are solely CWR and 59 are WHP only, whereas 788 are both CWR and WHP. The final priority list for active conservation includes 1036 CWR (43% of the total CWR taxa), with 139 taxa rated as high priority, 660 medium priority and 237 low priority. The final priority list for WHP is composed of 344 taxa and includes eight high priority, 254 medium priority and 82 low priority taxa. Our results confirm Tunisia as a hotspot of CWR and WHP diversity in the Mediterranean area. The inventory here proposed provides the basis for the development and implementation of a more targeted national CWR/WHP conservation strategy for Tunisia.
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Nduche, Michael, Joana Magos Brehm, Michael Abberton, Garuba Omosun, and Nigel Maxted. "West African Crop Wild Relative Checklist, Prioritization and Inventory." Genetic Resources 2, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46265/genresj.eifl1323.
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Crop wild relatives (CWR) are wild plant taxa genetically related to domesticated crops with trait diversity that can be used in plant breeding to sustain food security. Prioritization is a prerequisite for the cost–effective conservation of CWR as it allows CWR in a checklist to be reduced to a manageable number for active conservation action. In this study, a partial CWR checklist comprising 1651 taxa was compiled for West Africa. Prioritization of the annotated CWR checklist was based on three criteria: (i) economic value of the related crop in West Africa, (ii) CWR genetic closeness to its related crop and (iii) threat status. After applying the three criteria using the parallel method of prioritization, 102 priority CWR were selected for active conservation action. The priority CWR are related to food crops that are nationally, regionally and globally important, such as white guinea yam (Dioscorea cayenensis subsp. rotundata (Poir) J. Miège), cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), sweet potato (Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). This CWR checklist and prioritization will help in the development of a regional conservation action plan for West Africa.
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Dash, Prasanta K., Payal Gupta, Sharat Kumar Pradhan, Ajit Kumar Shasany, and Rhitu Rai. "Analysis of Homologous Regions of Small RNAs MIR397 and MIR408 Reveals the Conservation of Microsynteny among Rice Crop-Wild Relatives." Cells 11, no. 21 (November 2, 2022): 3461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11213461.
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MIRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in a wide range of biological processes in plant growth and development. MIR397 (involved in drought, low temperature, and nitrogen and copper (Cu) starvation) and MIR408 (differentially expressed in response to environmental stresses such as copper, light, mechanical stress, dehydration, cold, reactive oxygen species, and drought) belong to conserved MIRNA families that either negatively or positively regulate their target genes. In the present study, we identified the homologs of MIR397 and MIR408 in Oryza sativa and its six wild progenitors, three non-Oryza species, and one dicot species. We analyzed the 100 kb segments harboring MIRNA homologs from 11 genomes to obtain a comprehensive view of their community evolution around these loci in the farthest (distant) relatives of rice. Our study showed that mature MIR397 and MIR408 were highly conserved among all Oryza species. Comparative genomics analyses also revealed that the microsynteny of the 100 kb region surrounding MIRNAs was only conserved in Oryza spp.; disrupted in Sorghum, maize, and wheat; and completely lost in Arabidopsis. There were deletions, rearrangements, and translocations within the 100 kb segments in Oryza spp., but the overall microsynteny of the region was maintained. The phylogenetic analyses of the precursor regions of all MIRNAs under study revealed a bimodal clade of common origin. This comparative analysis of miRNA involved in abiotic stress tolerance in plants provides a powerful tool for future Oryza research. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) offer multiple traits with potential to decrease the amount of yield loss owing to biotic and abiotic stresses. Using a comparative genomics approach, the exploration of CWRs as a source of tolerance to these stresses by understanding their evolution can be further used to leverage their yield potential.
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Camadro, Elsa L. "Relevance of the genetic structure of natural populations, and sampling and classification approaches for conservation and use of wild crop relatives: potato as an example." Botany 90, no. 11 (November 2012): 1065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-090.
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Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are wild taxa with close genetic relationships to species with direct socioeconomic importance. As essential components of natural habitats and agricultural systems, their conservation and sustainable use are vital. CWRs are ex situ conserved in germplasm banks as samples of natural populations (accessions). Most accessions have been assigned specific status according to the Taxonomic Species Concept, which presupposes that living organisms are at the end of speciation. Thus, the morphological and genetic variability that could be encountered in natural populations is disregarded, negatively affecting conservation of allelic frequencies and effective use in breeding. Passport information usually contains collection date and geographical data, but not reproductive behavior of the sampled population (which defines its genetic structure) and sampling strategies. For ex situ multiplications of original collections, no information is provided on the effectively used strategies. As information on how accessions were composed is lacking, conservation of the allelic frequencies from the originally sampled populations is unknown. Knowledge of reproductive biology of plant populations is of utmost importance to understanding their natural morphological and molecular variability and to developing appropriate methodological approaches for sampling, classifying, and ex situ multiplying to conserve gene frequencies for basic and applied purposes.
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Contreras-Toledo, Aremi R., Moisés Cortés-Cruz, Denise E. Costich, Ma de Lourdes Rico-Arce, Joana Magos Brehm, and Nigel Maxted. "Diversity and conservation priorities of crop wild relatives in Mexico." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 2 (January 26, 2019): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262118000540.
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AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are valuable resources for crop breeding due to their close genetic relationship to the cultivated plants and their wide genetic variation, allowing the introgression of desirable traits into the crops, such as resistance to plant pests and diseases or adaptability to climate change. Mexico is a centre of agrobiodiversity, including CWR, but climate change, and other factors, are contributing to the loss of important Mexican CWR genetic diversity. The in situ and ex situ conservation status of Mexican priority CWR were assessed through a gap analysis as part of a national CWR conservation strategy for Mexico, to ensure the long-term preservation and improve the availability of these genetic resources. A set of 310 priority CWR taxa, previously identified as part of the national CWR inventory for Mexico, were analysed. Species distribution modelling and ecogeographic diversity analyses were used to detect gaps in in situ and ex situ conservation at taxon and ecogeographic levels. Priority target sites were identified throughout the country for complementary in situ and ex situ conservation of these taxa. The results obtained allow us to make recommendations for immediate conservation actions, thus helping to mitigate the threats to Mexican agrobiodiversity and enhance both national and global food security.
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Mponya, N. K., Z. L. K. Magombo, L. Pungulani, J. M. Brehm, and N. Maxted. "Development of a prioritised checklist of crop wild relatives for conservation in Malawi." African Crop Science Journal 28, no. 2 (July 27, 2020): 279–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v28i2.12.
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The national increase in human population in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) demands for more food; while increase in the impact of climate change, demands for resilient agricultural production systems, and both call for improved agricultural productivity. Plant breeders will need adaptive traits to improve crop productivity and resilience. Crop wild relatives (CWR) have the potential to offer the much needed diversity for crop improvement, but their diversity is inadequately conserved. Lack of knowledge about their occurrence in Malawi, limits their systematic conservation and utilisation. Developing a CWR national inventory helps to define conservation priorities and actions. The objective of this study was to match checklists of crop genera and national flora, using their taxonomic and genetic relatedness information. This resulted into the first comprehensive annotated checklist of 446 CWR taxa in Malawi, which was prioritised by a set of criteria previously agreed with national stakeholders based on socio-economic importance of the related crop, potential use of the wild relative in crop improvement and threat status. The inventory comprises of 277 CWR taxa, identified as priority for conservation in Malawi; of which 78% were native. These belong to 56 genera and are related to 54 food, fodder, spices and beverage crops; and include taxa related to crops of regional and global importance. Eighty-seven taxa of highest priority for conservation were further identified, 12.6% of which have confirmed uses in crop improvement on pests and disease resistance, drought tolerance and yielding ability. The inventory will facilitate effective conservation and availability of these taxa for their use in crop improvement.
Key words: Annotated checklist, national inventory, systematic conservation
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Magos Brehm, J., S. Kell, I. Thormann, H. Gaisberger, M. E. Dulloo, and N. Maxted. "New tools for crop wild relative conservation planning." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262118000527.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are a vital source of traits for crop improvement – therefore, conserving CWR diversity is critical to ensure food, nutrition and economic security. Efficient CWR conservation planning is a critical first step to maintain this natural resource for future use. The development of National Strategic Action Plans (NSAPs) for the conservation and sustainable use of CWR is an effective means of conservation planning and also plays an important role in sensitizing policy makers and other stakeholders to the importance of CWR. Tools to guide and facilitate countries in CWR national conservation planning and NSAP development have been prepared, namely: an ‘Interactive Toolkit for CWR Conservation Planning’, a ‘Template for the Preparation of a NSAP for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of CWR’, a ‘Template for the Preparation of a Technical Background Document for a NSAP for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of CWR’, a ‘CWR Checklist and Inventory Data Template’ and an ‘Occurrence Data Collation Template’. In this short communication, we briefly explain what these tools are, how they were developed, how they can be used and where they can be found.
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Bagmet, L. V. "Crop wild relatives of Karachay-Cherkessia: inventorying and conservation prospects." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 182, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2021-2-9-17.
Full textAbstract:
Studying wild relatives of cultivated plants in each specific region is an essential component in assessing the state of national plant genetic resources. This is especially true for the regions of the Russian Caucasus, with its tremendous diversity of plant species. This paper presents the results of exploring crop wild relatives (CWR) in natural plant communities of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The author conducted an inventory of CWR and analysis of their species composition in Karachay-Cherkessia. The CWR list includes 516 species belonging to 134 genera of 36 families; in this list, 449 species from 107 genera of 33 families are native to this region. The Dzheguta floristic district is the richest in CWR species diversity (391 species). There are 350 and 346 species in the Arkhyz and Uchkulan districts, respectively, and 301 species in the Cherkessk district. Species were ranked according to their agricultural value and economic importance: the 1st rank was assigned to 149 plant species, 2nd rank to 17, 3rd rank to 32, 4th rank to 97, and 5th rank to 222 species. In the context of their economic use, the species for feed (158) and food (136) purposes dominated over those for medicinal (60), melliferous (54), ornamental (53), industrial (51), and revegetation (5) applications. The list of priority conservation species was compiled for CWR of Karachay-Cherkessia according to the criteria of rarity and vulnerability, based on the analysis of the CWR species distribution over the studied area and their assessment for useful economic and biological traits. A map showing localities of these species within the Republic is presented, and recommendations are given for their effective conservation.
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Allen, E., H. Gaisberger, J. Magos Brehm, N. Maxted, I. Thormann, T. Lupupa, M. E. Dulloo, and S. P. Kell. "A crop wild relative inventory for Southern Africa: a first step in linking conservation and use of valuable wild populations for enhancing food security." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262118000515.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSuccessful conservation strategies require that taxa are prioritized because resources for planning and implementation are always limited. In this study, we created a partial checklist of crop wild relatives (CWR) that occur in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region and identified the taxa of highest priority for regional conservation planning based on their importance for food and economic security. We found that the region contains over 1900 wild relatives of species cultivated for food, beverages, ornamental, forage/fodder, forestry, medicinal, environmental and other uses. Prioritization of these species was based on two criteria: (i) the value of the related crop for human food and economic security in the region and/or globally, and (ii) the potential or known value of the wild relatives of those crops for crop improvement. The region contains 745 CWR species related to 64 human food and beverage crops that are of high socioeconomic importance and 100 of these are of immediate priority for conservation action. The results of this study show that the SADC region contains a wealth of CWR diversity that is not only of value for food and economic security within the region but also globally. Furthermore, this study represents the first step in developing a CWR conservation and sustainable use strategy for the region, where its implementation would contribute to food security and well-being.
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Bissessur, P., C. Baider, N. Boodia, M. G. H. Badaloo, J. A. Bégué, Z. Jhumka, A. Meunier, et al. "Crop wild relative diversity and conservation planning in two isolated oceanic islands of a biodiversity hotspot (Mauritius and Rodrigues)." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 2 (January 26, 2019): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262118000576.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe rising need for crop diversification to mitigate the impacts of climate change on food security urges the exploration of crop wild relatives (CWR) as potential genetic resources for crop improvement. This study aimed at assessing the diversity of CWR of the Indian Ocean islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues and proposing cost-effective conservation measures for their sustainable use. A comprehensive list of the native species was collated from The Mauritius Herbarium and published literature. Each species was assessed for the economic value of its related crop, utilization potential for crop improvement, relative distribution, occurrence status and Red List conservation status, using a standard scoring method for prioritization. The occurrence data of the priority species were collected, verified, geo-referenced and mapped. A total of 43 crop-related species were identified for both islands and 21 species were prioritized for active conservation. The CWR diversity hotspots in Mauritius included Mondrain, followed by Florin and Le Pouce Mountain. Although a wide diversity of CWR has been recorded on both islands, most do not relate to major economic crops in use, therefore only a few species may be gene donors to economic crops at the regional and global level. For example, coffee, a major global beverage crop, has three wild relatives on Mauritius, which could potentially be of interest for future predictive characterization.
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Schröder, Stephan, Andreas Kortekamp, Ernst Heene, Joachim Daumann, Ioana Valea, and Peter Nick. "Crop wild relatives as genetic resources – the case of the European wild grape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 5 (September 2015): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2015-033.
Full textAbstract:
Schröder, S., Kortekamp, A., Heene, E., Daumann, J., Valea, I. and Nick, P. 2015. Crop wild relatives as genetic resources – the case of the European wild grape. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 905–912. Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, the European Wild Grape and ancestor of cultivated grapevine varieties (V. vinifera L. ssp. vinifera) is the sole wild grapevine species existing in Europe. This important crop wild relative (CWR) species is almost extinct, and persists only in residual habitats. Since these habitats are close to vineyards, this CWR species is endangered by hybridisation with its descendant crop and naturalised rootstocks that originate from viticulture. For this reason, we addressed two questions: To what extent have the remaining South German European Wild Grape accessions escaped hybridisation and preserved genetic identity? Second, what is the potential of this CWR species as a genetic resource for breeding in relation to several grapevine diseases? Using a set of highly resolving genetic markers, we were able to exclude introgression of autochthonous sylvestris accessions by cultivated grapevine. However, we detected introgression mostly from wild American species used as rootstocks in viticulture. The autochthonous accessions can be grouped into clusters. Comparative inoculation studies with the grapevine pathogens powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator), downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), and black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) revealed relatively high levels of resistance in some of the ssp. sylvestris accessions and represents a valuable genetic resource for resistance breeding.
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Talovina, G. V., and E. V. Aistova. "CROP WILD RELATIVES IN MAGADAN PROVINCE OF RUSSIA: INVENTORYING AND CONSERVATION." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 180, no. 2 (October 13, 2019): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-2-18-24.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Plant genetic resources (PGR) conservation is an indispensable condition for ensuring the country’s economic and environmental security. The most important component of the PGR status assessment is the study of crop wild relatives in a particular region. Within the framework of the work on inventorying crop wild relatives (CWR) in the regions of Russia, an inventory of CWR was for the first time made for Magadan Province, Far East region of Russia, to identify plant taxa that are prioritized for conservation and monitoring of their status in natural phytocenoses. Materials and methods. The material for the present research was taken from the data published on the vegetation of the studied region. Taxonomic analysis of CWR was performed using conventional floristic methods. In order to select priority species for conservation, the guidelines for PGR conservation adapted for Russia were used.Results and conclusions. A list of 232 CWR species belonging to 62 genera of 21 families has been compiled; it encompasses nearly 20% of the entire regional flora. The indigenous part of CWR amounts to ca. 60%, while the adventive part includes 40% of the total CWR number. Analysis of distribution of CWR species over the studied area showed that the greatest diversity of CWR species (81%) is concentrated in the Okhotsky floristic district. As a result of the analysis, 76 species occurring in Magadan Province were identified for prioritized in situ conservation.
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Shipilina, L. Yu. "CROP WILD RELATIVES OF KALININGRAD PROVINCE RECOMMENDED FOR IN SITU CONSERVATION." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 180, no. 4 (January 8, 2020): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-4-32-43.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Preservation of the entire genetic diversity of the world’s flora is indispensable to the deployment of breeding practice aimed at development and improvement of the existing economically useful plant species and varieties. The in situ conservation approach is recognized as the topmost priority. Therefore, a study of crop wild relatives (CWR) in Kaliningrad Province appears vital to identify the most vulnerable species and enhance their in situ conservation.Materials and methods. Crop wild relatives occurring in Kaliningrad Province were the research target. The WIR and LE herbarium collections, published data, and results of VIR’s plant explorations undertaken in 1974 and 1983 served as the material for the research. Plant species included in the Red Data Books of Kaliningrad Province, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, etc. were analyzed, and the data from open databases (GBIF, CWR, ILDIS, etc.) and AgroAtlas maps were employed. CWR requiring special conservation measures were identified.Results and conclusions. Kaliningrad Province, Russia, is home to 324 species of CWR. Natural habitats of the 6 most vulnerable plant species were mapped: Vicia dumetorum L., Trifolium rubens L., Chrisaspis spadiceum L., Elytrigia juncea (L.) Nevski, Phleum phleoides (L.) H. Karst., and Allium vineale L. These species fall under the 1st vulnerability category.
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Miftakhova, S. R., L. M. Abramova, N. M. Saifullina, and O. V. Yusupova. "Crop wild relatives in the protected areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 183, no. 4 (December 20, 2022): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2022-4-181-191.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Comprehensive research into crop wild relatives (CWR) is essential to ensure food security. Protected areas serve as the main reserves for CWR in situ conservation and their population genetics studies. There are four federal protected areas in the Republic of Bashkortostan: the Bashkiria National Park, the Shulgan-Tash State Biosphere Nature Reserve, the South Ural and Bashkir State Nature Reserves.Materials and methods. The floristic study of CWR was conducted using the standard route method. The methods of comparative floristics were applied in the CWR analysis,. The economic value of plant species was assessed according to the ranking developed at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources.Results. In total, out of 259 species of CWR growing in Bashkortostan, 186 (72%) occur in the federal protected areas, with the highest number in the Bashkiria National Park (148 spp.). Species belonging to the Poaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae and Lamiaceae families and the Poa L., Trifolium L., Lathyrus L., Allium L. genera are predominant. CWR are mainly confined to the forest meadow, forest margin, steppe and riverside communities. Alpine and raised bog CWR species occur only in the South-Ural Nature Reserve. There are 13 regional endemics in the studied territories and 34 species on their range boundaries. Of the 23 CWR species listed in the regional Red Book, seven are conserved in the surveyed areas: Allium obliquum L., Crambe tataria Sebeok, Linum uralense Juz., Melilotoides platycarpos (L.) Soják, Oxycoccus microcarpus Turcz. ex Rupr., Rubus arcticus L., and R. humulifolius C.A. Mey.Conclusion. Monitoring of the rare CWR species populations is required in the surveyed protected areas. Eight CWR species are recommended for further population genetics studies: Amygdalus nana L., Cerasus fruticosa Pall., Allium rubens Schrad. ex Willd., A. obliquum L., A. schoenoprasum L., Lathyrus gmelinii Fritsch, L. litvinovii Iljin, and L. sylvestris L.
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El Haddad, Noureddine, Miguel Sanchez-Garcia, Andrea Visioni, Abderrazek Jilal, Rola El Amil, Amadou Tidiane Sall, Wasihun Lagesse, Shiv Kumar, and Filippo M. Bassi. "Crop Wild Relatives Crosses: Multi-Location Assessment in Durum Wheat, Barley, and Lentil." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112283.
Full textAbstract:
Crop wild relatives (CWR) are a good source of useful alleles for climate change adaptation. Here, 19 durum wheat, 24 barley, and 24 lentil elites incorporating CWR in their pedigrees were yield tested against commercial checks across 19 environments located in Morocco, Ethiopia, Lebanon, and Senegal. For each crop, the combined analysis of variance showed that genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype x environment (G×E) effects were significant for most of the traits. A selection index combining yield potential (G) and yield stability (G×E) was used to identify six CWR-derived elites for each crop matching or superior to the best check. A regression analysis using a climate matrix revealed that grain yield was mostly influenced by the maximum daily temperature and soil moisture level during the growing stages. These climatic factors were used to define five clusters (i.e., E1 to E5) of mega-environments. The CWR-derived elites significantly outperformed the checks in E1, E2, and E4 for durum wheat, and in E2 for both barley and lentil. The germplasm was also assessed for several food transformation characteristics. For durum wheat, one accession (Zeina) originating from T. araraticum was significantly superior in mixograph score to the best check, and three accessions originating from T. araraticum and T. urartu were superior for Zn concentration. For barley, 21 accessions originating from H. spontaneum were superior to the checks for protein content, six for Zn content, and eight for β-glucan. For lentil, ten accessions originating from Lens orientalis were superior to the check for protein content, five for Zn, and ten for Fe concentration. Hence, the results presented here strongly support the use of CWR in breeding programs of these three dryland crops, both for adaptation to climatic stresses and for value addition for food transformation.
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Maxted, Nigel, and Holly Vincent. "Review of congruence between global crop wild relative hotspots and centres of crop origin/diversity." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 68, no. 4 (February 1, 2021): 1283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01114-7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are important sources of adaptive diversity for plant breeding programmes. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which the centres of crop origin/diversity are congruent with areas of high CWR diversity. We established the predicted potential CWR distributions for 1,425 CWR species related to 167 crops using 334,527 known distribution locations and generated a global CWR hotspot map. This was then compared to the centres of origin/diversity proposed by Vavilov (amended by Hawkes); Zeven and Zhukovsky’s mega gene centres, Harlan’s centres and non-centres of crop domestication; and crop domestication areas identified using current archaeological evidence proposed by Purugganan and Fuller. Greatest congruence between the global CWR hotspots and other concepts was found with the concept proposed by Vavilov and amended by Hawkes, but there remained significant differences between the CWR hotspots and Vavilov’s concept. This paper concludes that all four centre concepts reviewed have some overlap with CWR diversity but that Vavilov’s original concept has the closest geographic coincidence with CWR hotspots. With the benefit of significant additional global datasets to those used by Vavilov, we were able to suggest amendments to his concept, adding further centres based on CWR hotspots in west and east USA, West Africa, South-east Brazil and Australia. As a result of this study more precise targeting of CWR and crop landrace can be implemented in future, aiding global food and nutritional security.
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Shipilina, L. Yu. "CROP WILD RELATIVES IN VOLOGDA PROVINCE, RECOMMENDED FOR IN SITU CONSERVATION." VAVILOVIA 2, no. 1 (August 8, 2019): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-3860-2019-1-12-30.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Preservation of crop wild relatives (CWR) as natural suppliers of genetic source material (GSM) is the foundation of food security. In situ conservation is considered the highest priority method. By preserving species in their natural communities, we safeguard all the genetic diversity that can be used as sources of valuable economic traits. The criteria developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) are unable to assess the significance of crop wild relatives at the regional level. With this in view, we have used the vulnerability status categories developed at VIR. Materials and methods. Crop wild relatives of Vologda Province were the target of the study. Research material was selected in VIR’s herbarium collection (WIR, LE), along with literary data and the results of the plant exploration surveys by VIR’s scientists. The species listed in the Red Books of Leningrad, Pskov and Novgorod Provinces, the Red Book of Karelia, and the list of rare and endangered plants (2015) of Vologda Province were analyzed. For the first time, plants were tested specifically to determine the species’ vulnerability degree. On the basis of such testing, CWR requiring special conservation measures were identified. Results and conclusions. Sixty-six CWR species that require in situ conservation occur in Vologda Province. The collected materials helped to develop databases of locations for the taxa studied. In total, we identified nine species with the vulnerability status of Category I (Corylus avellana L., Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) Ser., Phleum phleoides (L.) Karst., Thymus talijevii Klok. Et Shost., Bistorta vivipara (L.) S.F. Gray, Gypsophila fastigiata L., Koeleria glauca (Spreng.) DC., Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst., and Scorzonera glabra Rupr.). Maps of the species with the first vulnerability status category were made. Category II was assigned to 19 species; Category III, to 38 species. The species requiring special conservation efforts were identified: relicts (11 spp.) and endemics (1 sp.). Twenty-eight species are in the list of rare and endangered plants (2015) of Vologda Province. Nizhnesukhonsky floristic area stands out for its rich CWR diversity. In addition to in situ conservation within protected areas of various ranks, the species included into Categories I and II should be conserved ex situ in botanical gardens and genetic collections held by research institutes in the northwest of Russia.
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Khoury, Colin K., Daniel Carver, Stephanie L. Greene, Karen A. Williams, Harold A. Achicanoy, Melanie Schori, Blanca León, John H. Wiersema, and Anne Frances. "Crop wild relatives of the United States require urgent conservation action." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 52 (December 14, 2020): 33351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007029117.
Full textAbstract:
The contributions of crop wild relatives (CWR) to food security depend on their conservation and accessibility for use. The United States contains a diverse native flora of CWR, including those of important cereal, fruit, nut, oil, pulse, root and tuber, and vegetable crops, which may be threatened in their natural habitats and underrepresented in plant conservation repositories. To determine conservation priorities for these plants, we developed a national inventory, compiled occurrence information, modeled potential distributions, and conducted threat assessments and conservation gap analyses for 600 native taxa. We found that 7.1% of the taxa may be critically endangered in their natural habitats, 50% may be endangered, and 28% may be vulnerable. We categorized 58.8% of the taxa as of urgent priority for further action, 37% as high priority, and 4.2% as medium priority. Major ex situ conservation gaps were identified for 93.3% of the wild relatives (categorized as urgent or high priority), with 83 taxa absent from conservation repositories, while 93.1% of the plants were equivalently prioritized for further habitat protection. Various taxonomic richness hotspots across the US represent focal regions for further conservation action. Related needs include facilitating greater access to and characterization of these cultural-genetic-natural resources and raising public awareness of their existence, value, and plight.
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Fitzgerald, Heli, Anna Palmé, Åsmund Asdal, Dag Endresen, Elina Kiviharju, Birgitte Lund, Morten Rasmussen, Hjörtur Thorbjörnsson, and Jens Weibull. "A regional approach to Nordic crop wild relative in situ conservation planning." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 2 (February 6, 2019): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147926211800059x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) can provide one solution to future challenges on food security, sustainable agriculture and adaptation to climate change. Diversity found in CWR can be essential for adapting crops to these new demands. Since the need to improve in situ conservation of CWR has been recognized by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (2010) and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (2011–2020), it is important to develop ways to safeguard these important genetic resources. The Nordic flora includes many species related to food, forage and other crop groups, but little has been done to systematically secure these important wild resources. A Nordic regional approach to CWR conservation planning provided opportunities to network, find synergies, share knowledge, plan the conservation and give policy inputs on a regional level. A comprehensive CWR checklist for the Nordic region was generated and then prioritized by socio-economic value and utilization potential. Nordic CWR checklist was formed of 2553 taxa related to crop plants. Out of these, 114 taxa including 83 species were prioritized representing vegetable, cereal, fruit, berry, nut and forage crop groups. The in situ conservation planning of the priority CWR included ecogeographic and complementarity analyses to identify a potential network of genetic reserve sites in the region. Altogether 971,633 occurrence records of the priority species were analysed. A minimum number of sites within and outside existing conservation areas were identified that had the potential to support a maximum number of target species of maximum intraspecific diversity.
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Garcia, Rosa María, Mauricio Parra-Quijano, and Jose María Iriondo. "Identification of ecogeographical gaps in the Spanish Aegilops collections with potential tolerance to drought and salinity." PeerJ 5 (July 27, 2017): e3494. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3494.
Full textAbstract:
Drought, one of the most important abiotic stress factors limiting biomass, significantly reduces crop productivity. Salinization also affects the productivity of both irrigated and rain-fed wheat crops. Species of genus Aegilops can be considered crop wild relatives (CWR) of wheat and have been widely used as gene sources in wheat breeding, especially in providing resistance to pests and diseases. Five species (Ae. biuncialis, Ae. geniculata, Ae. neglecta, Ae. triuncialis and Ae. ventricosa) are included in the Spanish National Inventory of CWRs. This study aimed to identify ecogeographic gaps in the Spanish Network on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) with potential tolerance to drought and salinity. Data on the Spanish populations of the target species collected and conserved in genebanks of the Spanish Network on PGRFA and data on other population occurrences in Spain were compiled and assessed for their geo-referencing quality. The records with the best geo-referencing quality values were used to identify the ecogeographical variables that might be important for Aegilops distribution in Spain. These variables were then used to produce ecogeographic land characterization maps for each species, allowing us to identify populations from low and non-represented ecogeographical categories in ex situ collections. Predictive characterization strategy was used to identify 45 Aegilops populations in these ecogeographical gaps with potential tolerance to drought and salinity conditions. Further efforts are being made to collect and evaluate these populations.
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Seiler, Gerald J. "Genetic Resources of the Sunflower Crop Wild Relatives for Resistance to Sunflower Broomrape." Helia 42, no. 71 (November 18, 2019): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2019-0012.
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AbstractOne of the most threatening holoparasitic plant species is Orobanche cumana Wallr. (sunflower broomrape), mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region and Western Asia where it exclusively parasitizes sunflowers. Sunflower broomrape (BR) is a very destructive parasitic weed causing significant yield losses under high infestations that can easily spread and is vulnerable to mutations. Broomrape is highly variable, controlled by vertical single dominant resistance genes leading to the rapid and frequent breakdown of resistance. This subsequently leads to the continuing need for new unique genes from multiple sources for controlling new emerging virulent races. The USDA-ARS, National Plant Germplasm System crop wild relatives (CWR) collection contains 2,519 accessions of 53 species with 14 annual species (1641 accessions) and 39 perennial species (878 accessions). This CWR collection provides a vast genetic resource for new BR resistance genes, especially in Europe and the Middle East. Sunflower CWR evaluations for new resistance genes for BR races have demonstrated that they are a substantial reservoir for existing and new emerging virulent races. Resistance to sunflower broomrape, including immunity, has been reported in seven annual and 32 perennial species. These sources discovered in the sunflower CWR confer resistance to new virulent broomrape races F, G, and H, and others that have not been assigned a race designation. Since several of the resistant CWR sources are annual and have the same chromosome number as cultivated sunflower, broomrape resistance genes can be incorporated into hybrid sunflower through interspecific hybridization. The diverse sources of resistance from the CWR provide breeders with the prospect for durable broomrape control through exploiting genetic resistance for existing and newly emerging races.
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Talovina, G. V. "Crop wild relative materials from field research in the Yakutsk vicinity in 2020." VAVILOVIA 3, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-3860-2020-4-6-22.
Full textAbstract:
The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) is working on replenishing seed and herbarium collections of cultivated plants and their wild relatives through collection missions in various regions of Russia. The collections are replenished with both live specimens (plantlets, runners, cuttings, bulbs, seeds, etc.), and with herbarium specimens of crop wild relatives (CWR). The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is characterized by a variety of natural conditions and resources, while many territories are difficult to reach by transport. Collection missions were carried out by VIR in the territory of Yakutia from 1972 to 1990. Field research in the territory of the republic is relevant to this day.In 2020, field research in the area of the projected bridge crossing over the Lena River near the city of Yakutsk resulted in collecting 18 samples of wild relatives of fruit, vegetable, essential oil, oil and fiber, forage legume, and cereals crops (live plants and seeds), as well as 45 CWR herbarium specimens. CWR (species of currants, onions, horseradish, water sorrel, tarragon wormwood, etc.) were found in floodplain habitats and on river banks, some were collected in ruderal biotopes, near settlements, less often in forest phytocenoses, and on steppe meadow slopes. All the samples were included in VIR collections. The phytocenoses from which CWR were collected, were comprehensively described.
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Holness, Stephen, Michelle Hamer, Joana Magos Brehm, and Domitilla Raimondo. "Priority areas for the in situ conservation of crop wild relatives in South Africa." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262118000503.
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AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are wild plant taxa that have broader genetic diversity than crops hence they are an excellent source of genes and traits to improve crops. The potential value of CWR for agriculture and the need to protect these plants in their natural habitats (in situ) have been recognized globally. South Africa has the richest temperate flora globally, and the checklist of food and fodder CWR for the country considers 258 taxa to be high priority for conservation. A systematic conservation planning approach was used for spatial prioritization for in situ conservation actions for CWR. Protected areas were categorized on the basis of their CWR richness. The Kruger National Park has the highest number of CWR (66 taxa), but most of these are widespread and common. Fifty-seven protected areas, most of which are in the Western and Eastern Cape fynbos, are irreplaceable for protecting a number of endemic and threatened CWR. For priority CWR not adequately represented in existing protected areas, a spatial plan was developed to identify the smallest area that aligns with existing targets for the National Protected Areas Expansion Strategy, that are not transformed in terms of habitat, and that are projected to be climate change resilient. Mechanisms for ensuring uptake of the recommendations for the in situ conservation of CWR have been documented in a National Strategy and Action Plan and these include making information and data available and promoting the inclusion of CWR in current management and monitoring activities.
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Holubec, V., L. Leišová-Svobodová, and M. Matějovič. "Spontaneous hybridisation within Aegilops collection and biobanking of crop wild relatives (CWR)." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 66, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-018-0723-5.
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Singh, Poornima, Brijesh Pandey, Aditya Pratap, Upagya Gyaneshwari, Ramakrishnan M. Nair, Awdhesh Kumar Mishra, and Chandra Mohan Singh. "Genetic and Genomics Resources of Cross-Species Vigna Gene Pools for Improving Biotic Stress Resistance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123000.
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Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is an important short-duration grain legume of the genus Vigna that has wider adaptability across agro-climatic regions and soil types. Significant strides have been made towards the development of superior, high-yielding, and climate resilient cultivars in mungbean. A number of donors for various traits to have been deployed in introgression breeding. However, the use of common sources of resistance to different biotic stresses may lead to boom and bust cycles due to the appearance of new races or biotypes. Therefore, broadening the genetic base using wild and exotic plant genetic resources may offer a better quality of durable resistance. Many crop wild relatives (CWRs) confer a high degree of resistance against multiple diseases. Recently, several agronomically important genes have been mapped using inter-specific populations, which are being deployed for the improvement of mungbean. In such a situation, tagging, mapping, and exploiting genes of interest from cross-species donors for stress tolerance will offer novel genetic variations. This will also provide increased opportunities for the selection of desirable types. Advances in genomics and transcriptomics have further made it easy to tag the cross-compatible resistance loci and study their expression for delineating the mechanism of resistance. The comparative analysis of omics technology also helps in understanding the evolution and offers a scope for using cross-specific target genes for mungbean improvement. This review focuses on the effective utilization of cross-species cultivated and wild relatives as well as their omics resources for breeding multiple disease-resistant mungbean cultivars.
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Tyack, Nicholas, Hannes Dempewolf, and Colin K. Khoury. "The Potential of Payment for Ecosystem Services for Crop Wild Relative Conservation." Plants 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101305.
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Crop wild relatives (CWR) have proven to be very valuable in agricultural breeding programs but remain a relatively under-utilized and under-protected resource. CWR have provided resistance to pests and diseases, abiotic stress tolerance, quality improvements and yield increases with the annual contribution of these traits to agriculture estimated at USD 115 billion globally and are considered to possess many valuable traits that have not yet been explored. The use of the genetic diversity found in CWR for breeding provides much-needed resilience to modern agricultural systems and has great potential to help sustainably increase agricultural production to feed a growing world population in the face of climate change and other stresses. A number of CWR taxa are at risk, however, necessitating coordinated local, national, regional and global efforts to preserve the genetic diversity of these plants through complementary in situ and ex situ conservation efforts. We discuss the absence of adequate institutional frameworks to incentivize CWR conservation services and propose payment for ecosystem services (PES) as an under-explored mechanism for financing these efforts. Such mechanisms could serve as a potentially powerful tool for enhancing the long-term protection of CWR.
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Weibull, Jens, and Jade Phillips. "Swedish Crop Wild Relatives: towards a national strategy for in situ conservation of CWR." Genetic Resources 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46265/genresj.2020.1.17-24.
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In 2015, the Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Iceland) initiated a project to help strengthen the efforts of conservation and use of crop wild relatives (CWR) across the region. Policy recommendations that were put forward included creating national strategies for each Nordic country and adopting and implementing complementary in situ conservation as the main approach for safeguarding CWR across the region. The present work explores in greater detail the situation for Sweden. Taxa rich areas and areas where potential data bias may be prevalent are located. An eco-geographic map is constructed to help determine how genetic diversity may be portioned across the country within populations of taxa. An in situ complementarity analysis accounting for taxa richness, eco-geographic richness and the protected area network in the country is also presented. Possible reasons for diverging results, as compared to the regional analysis, are discussed. The document serves as a starting point for further in-depth research on CWR distribution, conservation and use within Sweden.
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Ng'uni, Dickson, Graybill Munkombwe, Godfrey Mwila, Hannes Gaisberger, Joana Magos Brehm, Nigel Maxted, Shelagh Kell, and Imke Thormann. "Spatial analyses of occurrence data of crop wild relatives (CWR) taxa as tools for selection of sites for conservation of priority CWR in Zambia." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262118000497.
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AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are valuable gene pools for crop improvement and offer unique potential and opportunity for enhancing food security and adaptation to climate change. However, current actions towards conservation of plant genetic resources in Zambia do not adequately cover CWR occurring in the country. The article describes the process leading to the development of a national strategic action plan (NSAP) for the conservation and sustainable use of priority CWR in Zambia. Based on 59 prioritized crops, a partial checklist of 459 CWR taxa was generated from the national flora checklist of 6305 taxa. The generated CWR taxa were prioritized based on the socio-economic value of the related crop, their utilization potential in crop improvement, relative distribution and threat status to produce 30 prioritized CWR taxa. Occurrence data were compiled for all CWR inventory taxa and used in spatial analyses to establish species distribution, species richness, gaps in in situ conservation and genebank collections, and to identify priority sites for in situ conservation and ex situ collecting. Consistent with the national developmental agenda, along with the contribution of national stakeholders, spatial analyses of occurrence data of priority CWR taxa are valuable input for the development of the NSAP for the conservation and sustainable use of the priority CWR.
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Dostatny, Denise F., Grzegorz Żurek, Adam Kapler, and Wiesław Podyma. "The Ex Situ Conservation and Potential Usage of Crop Wild Relatives in Poland on the Example of Grasses." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010094.
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The Poaceae is the second most abundant family among crop wild relatives in Poland, representing 147 taxa. From these species, 135 are native taxa, and 11 are archeophytes. In addition, one taxon is now considered to be extinct. Among the 147 taxa, 8 are endemic species. Central Europe, including Poland, does not have many endemic species. Only a few dozen endemic species have been identified in this paper, mainly in the Carpathians and the adjacent uplands, e.g., the Polish Jura in southern Poland. The most numerous genera among the 32 present in the crop wild relatives (CWR) of Poaceae family are: The genus Festuca (33 species), Poa (19), and Bromus (11). In turn, ten genera are represented by only one species per genus. A good representative of groups of grasses occur in xerothermic grasslands, and other smaller groups can be found in forests, mountains, or dunes. CWR species from the Poaceae family have the potential for different uses in terms of the ecosystem services benefit. They can impart for humans, animals, and the environment, including fodder, edibles, biomass grasses (fuels and raw material), and amenity grasses, and are used for ecological purposes. In the central Polish gene bank in Radzików (NCPGR), all accessions are represented by approximately 30% of grasses germplasm, 10% of which are CWR grasses. In the case of CWR grasses, 56% are stored in the NCPGR gene bank, and approximately 80% in botanical gardens, but frequently in a single accessions. Together, crop gene banks and botanical gardens can maintain a large range of ex situ collections useful for the preservation, breeding, and research of crop wild relatives along with the necessary information for plant breeders.
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Cowan, Max, Birger Lindberg Møller, Sally Norton, Camilla Knudsen, Christoph Crocoll, Agnelo Furtado, Robert Henry, Cecilia Blomstedt, and Roslyn M. Gleadow. "Cyanogenesis in the Sorghum Genus: From Genotype to Phenotype." Genes 13, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13010140.
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Domestication has resulted in a loss of genetic diversity in our major food crops, leading to susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses linked with climate change. Crop wild relatives (CWR) may provide a source of novel genes potentially important for re-gaining climate resilience. Sorghum bicolor is an important cereal crop with wild relatives that are endemic to Australia. Sorghum bicolor is cyanogenic, but the cyanogenic status of wild Sorghum species is not well known. In this study, leaves of wild species endemic in Australia are screened for the presence of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin. The direct measurement of dhurrin content and the potential for dhurrin-derived HCN release (HCNp) showed that all the tested Australian wild species were essentially phenotypically acyanogenic. The unexpected low dhurrin content may reflect the variable and generally nutrient-poor environments in which they are growing in nature. Genome sequencing of six CWR and PCR amplification of the CYP79A1 gene from additional species showed that a high conservation of key amino acids is required for correct protein function and dhurrin synthesis, pointing to the transcriptional regulation of the cyanogenic phenotype in wild sorghum as previously shown in elite sorghum.
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Ziska, Lewis H. "Crop Adaptation: Weedy and Crop Wild Relatives as an Untapped Resource to Utilize Recent Increases in Atmospheric CO2." Plants 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010088.
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Adaptation measures are necessary to ensure the stability and performance of the food supply relative to anthropogenic climate change. Although a wide range of measures have been proposed (e.g., planting dates, crop choices, drought resistance), there may be a ubiquitous means to increase productivity relatively quickly. Numerous studies have shown that the projected increase in atmospheric CO2 can stimulate crop growth and seed yield with noted intra-specific differences within crop cultivars, suggesting potential differences to CO2 that could be exploited to enhance seed yield in the future. However, it is worth emphasizing that atmospheric CO2 has already risen substantially (≈27% since 1970) and that, at present, no active effort by breeders has been made to select for the CO2 increase that has already occurred. In contrast, for weedy or crop wild relatives (CWR), there are indications of evolutionary adaptation to these recent increases. While additional steps are needed, the identification and introgression of these CO2-sensitive traits into modern crop cultivars may be a simple and direct means to increase crop growth and seed yield.
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Shapter, F. M., R. J. Henry, and L. S. Lee. "Endosperm and starch granule morphology in wild cereal relatives." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 6, no. 02 (May 14, 2008): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262108986512.
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Australia's native grass species contain a diverse array of wild cereal relatives which are adapted to a broader range of environmental conditions than current commercial cereals and may contain novel alleles which have utility in commercial production systems. Characterizing the available variation in endosperm morphology is one of the first steps towardsin plantamanipulation of endosperm by either the introgression of novel alleles or bioengineering cereal starch and protein. The endosperm of 19 crop wild relatives (CWR) was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mature caryopses were fixed, dehydrated, critical-point dried and then snap fractured transversely through the grain. Wild relatives exhibited similar types of starch granules to that of their respective cultivated species, though in general the wild species retained a greater proportion of the endosperm cell wall at maturity. The two species examined with no closely related cultivated species exhibited a rice-like endosperm. Wild sorghum relatives exhibited an abundance of endosperm variations described as variations in starch granule size, shape and surface morphology, and the distribution of protein bodies. This is particularly important because the grain ofSorghum bicolorhas inherently low starch and protein digestibility. These variations within the wild relatives of commercial cereals may provide novel sources of genetic diversity for future grain improvement programmes.
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Eastwood, Ruth J., Beri B. Tambam, Lawrence M. Aboagye, Zeynal I. Akparov, Sunday E. Aladele, Richard Allen, Ahmed Amri, et al. "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: A Synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across Five Continents." Plants 11, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11141840.
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The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding programs to adapt crops to future challenges.
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Tomar, Surabhi, Ashish Subba, Meenu Bala, Anil Kumar Singh, Ashwani Pareek, and Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek. "Genetic Conservation of CBS Domain Containing Protein Family in Oryza Species and Their Association with Abiotic Stress Responses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031687.
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Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) form a comprehensive gene pool that can answer the queries related to plant domestication, speciation, and ecological adaptation. The genus ‘Oryza’ comprises about 27 species, of which two are cultivated, while the remaining are wild. Here, we have attempted to understand the conservation and diversification of the genes encoding Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) domain-containing proteins (CDCPs) in domesticated and CWRs of rice. Few members of CDCPs were previously identified to be stress-responsive and associated with multiple stress tolerance in rice. Through genome-wide analysis of eleven rice genomes, we identified a total of 36 genes encoding CDCPs in O. longistaminata, 38 in O. glaberrima, 39 each in O. rufipogon, O. glumaepatula, O. brachyantha, O. punctata, and O. sativa subsp. japonica, 40 each in O. barthii and O. meridionalis, 41 in O. nivara, and 42 in O. sativa subsp. indica. Gene duplication analysis as well as non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions in the duplicated gene pairs indicated that this family is shaped majorly by the negative or purifying selection pressure through the long-term evolution process. We identified the presence of two additional hetero-domains, namely TerCH and CoatomerE (specifically in O. sativa subsp. indica), which were not reported previously in plant CDCPs. The in silico expression analysis revealed some of the members to be responsive to various abiotic stresses. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR based analysis identified some members to be highly inducive specifically in salt-tolerant genotype in response to salinity. The cis-regulatory element analysis predicted the presence of numerous stress as well as a few phytohormone-responsive elements in their promoter region. The data presented in this study would be helpful in the characterization of these CDCPs from rice, particularly in relation to abiotic stress tolerance.
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Garza, Gisel, Crystian Sadiel Venegas Barrera, Jon Dale, José Guadalupe Martínez-Ávalos, and Teresa Patricia Feria Arroyo. "Towards Conserving Crop Wild Relatives along the Texas–Mexico Border: The Case of Manihot walkerae." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 5392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095392.
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Walker’s Manihot, Manihot walkerae, is an endangered species endemic to south Texas and northeastern Mexico and is a Crop Wild Relative (CWR) of the international and economically important crop cassava (M. esculenta). Manihot walkerae is globally endangered (IUCN’s Redlist, Texas list, USA); however, it is not recognized on the Mexican list of endangered species (NOM-059-SEMARNAT). We assessed the status of M. walkerae in Mexico and re-evaluated its global status. According to our analysis, M. walkerae should be considered an endangered species based on the IUCN’s assessment method and a threatened species in Mexico based on the Mexican criteria. Our findings encourage the establishment of sound conservation plans for M. walkerae along the Texas–Mexico border.