Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crop Wild relatives (CWRs)

Academic literature on the topic 'Crop Wild relatives (CWRs)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Crop Wild relatives (CWRs)"

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Viruel, Juan, Michael B. Kantar, Roberta Gargiulo, Peri Hesketh-Prichard, Nathan Leong, Christopher Cockel, Félix Forest, et al. "Crop wild phylorelatives (CWPs): phylogenetic distance, cytogenetic compatibility and breeding system data enable estimation of crop wild relative gene pool classification." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 195, no. 1 (September 10, 2020): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaa064.

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Abstract Enabling food security requires access to a broad range of genetic resources to facilitate crop breeding. This need is increased in a climate change scenario, which will require the production of novel crops adapted to new conditions. However, many major crops have reduced genetic diversity due to the genetic bottlenecks that they have experienced during their domestication and subsequent breeding. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) remain underexploited in plant breeding programmes, mostly because of the lack of knowledge of their cross-compatibility with crops. In this study, we use a combination of phylogenetic distance metrics, cytogenetic compatibility data (e.g. chromosome number and ploidy) and information about breeding systems to predict interspecific cross-compatibility between crop and wild species and hence identify crop wild phylorelatives (CWPs) (i.e. CWRs that can breed with the crop). We illustrate this concept using cultivated asparagus as a model by integrating previous cross-compatibility knowledge and CWR classifications into a phylogenetic framework reconstructed using available sequence data. Our approach aims to reinforce the use of the gene pool classification system of CWRs of Harlan and De Wet, since CWPs are estimated to belong to the secondary gene pool and non-CWPs to the tertiary gene pool. Identifying CWPs unlocks novel uses of genetic resources, although such data are available for less than half of the known CWRs (43.4% with sequence data and 32.5% with known ploidy). The need to conserve plants that provide or enhance provisioning ecosystem services, including CWRs, is clear if we are to rise to the global challenge of ensuring food security for all. However, basic knowledge about their conservation status is still lacking, with only c. 20% of CWRs assigned an IUCN red list assessment, 23% of which are Data Deficient (DD). Using the CWP classification presented here to define CWRs will contribute towards helping to prioritize CWRs for IUCN assessments and, where prioritised, conservation.
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Rostami, Reza, and Korous Khoshbakht. "Conservation status and sustainable local use of crop and crop wild relative species in the Bistoon protected area / West of Iran." Journal of Agrobiology 29, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10146-012-0009-z.

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Abstract Collecting information about crop wild relatives (CWRs) as vital genetic resources for food security is the first stage of monitoring them. In this study, which was conducted in a protected area, we surveyed the conservation status of CWR sand, and the interaction between the condition of these plants and their local use. From 338 plant species in the area, 179 crop wild relatives in 38 families were identified. None of them is threatened, but some endemic rare or vulnerable plants such as Alkanna frigida Boiss. could cause some anxiety. Among these species 19 species of CWRs have edible usage in this area. Harvesting the crop wild relatives from nature by the local people is seen as a conservative factor although this is not usually true of other species.
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Engels, Johannes M. M., and Imke Thormann. "Main Challenges and Actions Needed to Improve Conservation and Sustainable Use of Our Crop Wild Relatives." Plants 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9080968.

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Crop wild relatives (CWR, plural CWRs) are those wild species that are regarded as the ancestors of our cultivated crops. It was only at the end of the last century that they were accorded a high priority for their conservation and, thus, for many genebanks, they are a new and somewhat unknown set of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. After defining and characterizing CWR and their general threat status, providing an assessment of biological peculiarities of CWR with respect to conservation management, illustrating the need for prioritization and addressing the importance of data and information, we made a detailed assessment of specific aspects of CWRs of direct relevance for their conservation and use. This assessment was complemented by an overview of the current status of CWRs conservation and use, including facts and figures on the in situ conservation, on the ex situ conservation in genebanks and botanic gardens, as well as of the advantages of a combination of in situ and ex situ conservation, the so-called complementary conservation approach. In addition, a brief assessment of the situation with respect to the use of CWRs was made. From these assessments we derived the needs for action in order to achieve a more effective and efficient conservation and use, specifically with respect to the documentation of CWRs, their in situ and ex situ, as well as their complementarity conservation, and how synergies between these components can be obtained. The review was concluded with suggestions on how use can be strengthened, as well as the conservation system at large at the local, national, and regional/international level. Finally, based on the foregoing assessments, a number of recommendations were elaborated on how CWRs can be better conserved and used in order to exploit their potential benefits more effectively.
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Kapazoglou, Aliki, Maria Gerakari, Efstathia Lazaridi, Konstantina Kleftogianni, Efi Sarri, Eleni Tani, and Penelope J. Bebeli. "Crop Wild Relatives: A Valuable Source of Tolerance to Various Abiotic Stresses." Plants 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12020328.

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Global climate change is one of the major constraints limiting plant growth, production, and sustainability worldwide. Moreover, breeding efforts in the past years have focused on improving certain favorable crop traits, leading to genetic bottlenecks. The use of crop wild relatives (CWRs) to expand genetic diversity and improve crop adaptability seems to be a promising and sustainable approach for crop improvement in the context of the ongoing climate challenges. In this review, we present the progress that has been achieved towards CWRs exploitation for enhanced resilience against major abiotic stressors (e.g., water deficiency, increased salinity, and extreme temperatures) in crops of high nutritional and economic value, such as tomato, legumes, and several woody perennial crops. The advances in -omics technologies have facilitated the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that may underlie abiotic stress tolerance. Comparative analyses of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) data between crops and their wild relative counterparts have unraveled important information with respect to the molecular basis of tolerance to abiotic stressors. These studies have uncovered genomic regions, specific stress-responsive genes, gene networks, and biochemical pathways associated with resilience to adverse conditions, such as heat, cold, drought, and salinity, and provide useful tools for the development of molecular markers to be used in breeding programs. CWRs constitute a highly valuable resource of genetic diversity, and by exploiting the full potential of this extended allele pool, new traits conferring abiotic-stress tolerance may be introgressed into cultivated varieties leading to superior and resilient genotypes. Future breeding programs may greatly benefit from CWRs utilization for overcoming crop production challenges arising from extreme environmental conditions.
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Rahman, Wiguna, Joana Magos Brehm, Nigel Maxted, Jade Phillips, Aremi R. Contreras-Toledo, Mariam Faraji, and Mauricio Parra Quijano. "Gap analyses of priority wild relatives of food crop in current ex situ and in situ conservation in Indonesia." Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 10 (July 6, 2021): 2827–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02225-4.

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AbstractConservation programmes are always limited by available resources. Careful planning is therefore required to increase the efficiency of conservation and gap analysis can be used for this purpose. This method was used to assess the representativeness of current ex situ and in situ conservation actions of 234 priority crop wild relatives (CWR) in Indonesia. This analysis also included species distribution modelling, the creation of an ecogeographical land characterization map, and a complementarity analysis to identify priorities area for in situ conservation and for further collecting of ex situ conservation programmes. The results show that both current ex situ and in situ conservation actions are insufficient. Sixty-six percent of priority CWRs have no recorded ex situ collections. Eighty CWRs with ex situ collections are still under-represented in the national genebanks and 65 CWRs have no presence records within the existing protected area network although 60 are predicted to exist in several protected areas according to their potential distribution models. The complementarity analysis shows that a minimum of 61 complementary grid areas (complementary based on grid cells) are required to conserve all priority taxa and 40 complementary protected areas (complementary based on existing protected areas) are required to conserve those with known populations within the existing in situ protected area network. The top ten of complementary protected areas are proposed as the initial areas for the development of CWR genetic reserves network in Indonesia. It is recommended to enhanced coordination between ex situ and in situ conservation stakeholders for sustaining the long term conservation of CWR in Indonesia. Implementation of the research recommendations will provide for the first time an effective conservation planning of Indonesia’s CWR diversity and will significantly enhance the country’s food and nutritional security.
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Niranjana, M., MS Saharan, SK Jha, Niharika Mallick, K. Raghunandan, and Vinod. "Use of Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) of Wheat in Disease Resistance Breeding." Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 35, no. 3 (2022): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00062.6.

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Perrino, Enrico Vito, and Robert Philipp Wagensommer. "Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) Threatened and Endemic to Italy: Urgent Actions for Protection and Use." Biology 11, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020193.

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An updated overview of the 29 threatened crop wild relatives (CWRs) endemic to Italy is presented, namely: Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. nebrodense, Barbarea rupicola, Brassica baldensis, Brassica glabrescens, Brassica macrocarpa, Brassica rupestris subsp. hispida, Brassica rupestris subsp. rupestris, Brassica tardarae, Brassicatrichocarpa, Brassica tyrrhena, Brassica villosa subsp. bivonana, Brassica villosa subsp. brevisiliqua, Brassica villosa subsp. drepanensis, Brassica villosa subsp. tineoi, Brassica villosa subsp. villosa, Daucus broteroi, Daucus carota subsp. rupestris, Daucus nebrodensis, Diplotaxis scaposa, Festuca centroapenninica, Lathyrus apenninus, Lathyrus odoratus, Malus crescimannoi, Phalaris arundinacea subsp. rotgesii, Vicia brulloi, Vicia consentina, Vicia giacominiana, Vicia ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca, Vicia tenuifolia subsp. elegans. Data concerning geographical distribution, ecology (including plant communities and habitats of the Directive 92/43/EEC), genetics (chromosome number, breeding system, and/or the existence of gene pools), threat status at the national and international level (Red Lists), key plant properties, and in situ and ex situ conservation were analyzed and shown. At present, most of the listed endemic CWRs, 23 out of 29, have no gene pool at all, so they are CWRs only according to the taxon group and not according to the gene pool concept. In addition, there is a serious lack of data on the ex situ conservation in gene banks, with 16 species identified as high priority (HP) while 22 taxa have high priority (A) for in situ conservation. With the aim of their protection, conservation, and valorization, specific and urgent actions are recommended.
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McGregor, Cecilia E., and Vickie Waters. "Pollen Viability of F1 Hybrids between Watermelon Cultivars and Disease-resistant, Infraspecific Crop Wild Relatives." HortScience 48, no. 12 (December 2013): 1428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.12.1428.

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Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are important sources of variation for domesticated crops like watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) where cultivated varieties have a very narrow genetic base. The use of CWRs in plant breeding can be hampered by low fertility, chromosomal rearrangements, marker distortion, and linkage drag in the progeny. Pollen viability can be a quick and easy way to estimate male fertility, which can be a cause of marker distortion and an indicator of chromosomal rearrangements. Pollen viability was determined for F1 hybrids between cultivars and resistant citron and egusi types and the data were used to determine whether the parental cultivars/lines used or the directionality of the cross play a role in pollen viability. F1 hybrids between cultivars and the egusi type showed no reduction in pollen viability compared with parental lines, whereas pollen viability of hybrids with citron types varied between 61.8% and 91.7%. Significant main effects were observed for the cultivar and donor lines used, but the directionality of the cross did not affect pollen viability. F1 hybrids with ‘Crimson Sweet’ as the cultivar parent had significantly higher pollen viability than those with ‘Sugar Baby’ or ‘Charleston Gray’. Our results indicate that the directionality of the crosses between watermelon cultivars and infraspecific CWRs does not affect pollen viability but that the specific cultivars and donor lines used can have a significant effect. The high pollen viability of cultivar–egusi hybrids is supported by previous genetic data and strongly suggests that it should be easier to introgress traits from egusi types than citron types.
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Kanatas, Panagiotis, Ioannis Gazoulis, Stavros Zannopoulos, Alexandros Tataridas, Anastasia Tsekoura, Nikolaos Antonopoulos, and Ilias Travlos. "Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Subsp. Drummondii) and Weedy Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)—Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) as Weeds in Agriculture." Diversity 13, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13100463.

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Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. drummondii) and weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are two examples of crop wild relatives (CWRs) that have become troublesome weeds in agriculture. Shattercane is a race belonging to a different subspecies than domesticated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor). Weedy sunflower populations are natural hybrids between wild and domesticated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Both species have key weedy characteristics, such as early seed shattering and seed dormancy, which play an important role in their success as agricultural weeds. They are widely reported as important agricultural weeds in the United States and have invaded various agricultural areas in Europe. Shattercane is very competitive to sorghum, maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Weedy sunflower causes severe yield losses in sunflower, maize, soybean, pulse crops, and industrial crops. Herbicide resistance was confirmed in populations of both species. The simultaneous presence of crops and their wild relatives in the field leads to crop–wild gene flow. Hybrids are fertile and competitive. Hybridization between herbicide-tolerant crops and wild populations creates herbicide-resistant hybrid populations. Crop rotation, false seedbed, cover crops, and competitive crop genotypes can suppress shattercane and weedy sunflower. Preventative measures are essential to avoid their spread on new agricultural lands. The development of effective weed management strategies is also essential to prevent hybridization between sorghum, sunflower, and their wild relatives and to mitigate its consequences.
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Bawin, Yves, Bart Panis, Samuel Vanden Abeele, Zhiying Li, Julie Sardos, Janet Paofa, Xue-Jun Ge, Arne Mertens, Olivier Honnay, and Steven B. Janssens. "Genetic diversity and core subset selection in ex situ seed collections of the banana crop wild relative Musa balbisiana." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 6 (November 29, 2019): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262119000376.

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AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWRs) play a key role in crop breeding by providing beneficial trait characteristics for improvement of related crops. CWRs are more efficiently used in breeding if the plant material is genetically characterized, but the diversity in CWR genetic resources has often poorly been assessed. Seven seed collections of Musa balbisiana, an important CWR of dessert and cooking bananas, originating from three natural populations, two feral populations and two ex situ field collections were retrieved and their genetic diversity was quantified using 18 microsatellite markers to select core subsets that conserve the maximum genetic diversity. The highest genetic diversity was observed in the seed collections from natural populations of Yunnan, a region that is part of M. balbisiana's centre of origin. The seeds from the ex situ field collections were less genetically diverse, but contained unique variation with regards to the diversity in all seed collections. Seeds from feral populations displayed low genetic diversity. Core subsets that maximized genetic distance incorporated almost no seeds from the ex situ field collections. In contrast, core subsets that maximized allelic richness contained seeds from the ex situ field collections. We recommend the conservation and additional collection of seeds from natural populations, preferentially originating from the species' region of origin, and from multiple individuals in one population. We also suggest that the number of seeds used for ex situ seed bank regeneration must be much higher for the seed collections from natural populations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crop Wild relatives (CWRs)"

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Castaneda, Alvarez Nora Patricia. "Geographic analysis for supporting conservation strategies of crop wild relatives." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6942/.

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Crop wild relatives are important for agriculture due to the genetic richness they possess. They have been used in plant breeding to develop high yielding varieties; varieties with improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and enhanced nutritional content. Securing their conservation in the long-term is critical to enable the continuous development of crops’ varieties able to respond to future challenges. The work presented in this thesis is a contribution to the effort of understanding the ex situ conservation gaps of crop wild relatives, their expected response to climate change and their needs for conservation. Methods used in this thesis include species distribution modelling, gap analyses, a case study assessing the preliminary IUCN Red List categories, species distribution projections onto future climate change scenarios, and an estimation of the global value of crop wild relatives based on their likelihood of being used in plant breeding, and the contributions of their associated crops to human diets and agricultural production systems. The methods used here can be applied to more crop genepools for global conservation planning, and can also be adapted for analysis at the regional and national level. The results presented here are being used to improve the conservation of the wild relatives of 29 crops.
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Fedkenheuer, Michael Gerald. "Understanding Plant Pathosystems in Wild Relatives of Cultivated Crop Plants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81976.

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As the global population rises, the demand for food increases which underscores a need for improvement in food security. Disease pressures are a major concern surrounding sustainable agriculture. Static crop populations, containing little to no genetic diversity, are vulnerable to diverse pathogen populations. Wild relatives of crop plants are a reservoir for new disease resistance traits that can be introgressed into cultivated crops. The identification of novel disease resistance is of paramount importance because pathogen co-evolution is not only defeating current resistance genes (R genes) but chemical controls as well. Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae), the causal agent of Phytophthora root and stem rot disease, reduces soybean harvests worldwide. We developed an approach to screen for new R genes that recognize core effectors from P. sojae. We expect R genes identified by these screens to be durable because P. sojae requires core effectors for virulence. We utilized effector-based screening to probe Glycine soja germplasm with core RXLR effectors from P. sojae to search for novel R genes. We developed segregating populations from crosses of P. sojae resistant G. soja germplasm with susceptible G. max cultivar Williams to determine inheritance of potential R genes in germplasm that responded to core effectors. We are using marker assisted breeding to map disease resistance traits in recombinant inbred (RI) lines. To better understand pathosystems, we examined host resistance and susceptibility using bioinformatics. We analyzed the interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis isolate Emwa1 using a publicly available RNA time-course experiment. We describe a new algorithm to sort genes into time-point specific clusters using activation and repression parameters. Gene ontology annotations were used to identify defense genes with unique expression profiles, and A. thaliana null mutants for these genes were significantly more susceptible to Emwa1 than wild-type. We plan to use these tools to rapidly identify and guide introgression of durable disease resistance into crop species.
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Kubis, Sybille Ellen. "Genome organisation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and its wild relatives." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391543.

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Fielder, Hannah Victoria. "Developing methodologies for the genetic conservation of UK crop wild relatives." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6230/.

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Modern crop varieties contain limited genetic diversity. Demand from an expanding human population requires crop yields to increase substantially, however, a low capacity for adaptation may leave crops susceptible to environmental change, threatening future food security. Crop wild relatives (CWR) are a valuable, but threatened, genetic resource containing more genetic diversity than their cultivated relatives that can be utilised by plant breeders to improve the resilience of new crop varieties. This thesis researches methodologies to facilitate systematic, active conservation of CWR and their genetic diversity within a national context using the UK and its devolved administrations as an exemplar. Methods involve the development of CWR inventori es, gap analyses, assessment of CWR habitat preferences , a case study seeking to justify the establishment of the first UK CWR genetic reserve on The Lizard Peninsula, Cornwall and finally, exploration of the use of next generation sequencing as a tool for targeting collection of accessions to fill genetic gaps in genebanks. A key success of this research was the involvement of stakeholders, bridging the gap between research and practice. The methods used can now be applied to other countries and can be integrated into European and global conservation planning, contributing to improved future food security.
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Vincent, Holly A. "Developing methodologies for the global in situ conservation of crop wild relatives." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7126/.

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Climate change is predicted to have far-reaching deleterious impacts worldwide; agriculture in particular is expected to be effected by significant loss of suitable land and crop yields in the world’s most populous and poorest regions. Crop wild relatives (CWR) are a rich source of underutilised genetic diversity which could help to mitigate climate change for agriculture through breeding new resilient varieties. However, CWR are under-conserved and threatened in the wild. This thesis researches and develops systematic methodologies to advance knowledge and support action on in situ CWR conservation at the global level. Methods included developing a global inventory of CWR associated with crops important for food security worldwide, species distribution modelling, climate change analysis, in situ gap analysis, reserve planning and prioritisation, and, examining the congruence of CWR distributions with regions of high biodiversity and crop diversity. The methods described here can be applied to CWR at both the national and regional level to ensure robust in situ CWR conservation. A principal success of this research is the global CWR inventory, which has been used in several national strategies and as the basis of a major ex situ germplasm collection mission worldwide.
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Lala, Sami. "Developing strategies for the genetic conservation of crop wild relatives in North Africa." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8837/.

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Agrobiodiversity are threatened due to habitat loss, land reclamation and fragmentation, spread of diseases and pests, genetic uniformity, genetic erosion, and other human activities. Crop wild relatives (CWR) are wild species that are more or less genetically related to crops that can be used to introgress useful genes for improvement of productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and quality of cultivated crop. These valuable resources are threatened and untapped for crop improvements. Therefore, their conservation would be valuable and will contribute to maintaining and promoting the sustainability of crop diversity, facilitating agricultural production and supporting the increasing demand for food, feed and natural resources. This thesis tackle for the first time the diversity and conservation status of CWR in North Africa region. In order to achieve this goal, different methods, approaches and techniques were used. These are identifying CWR in the region (CWR checklist), prioritize the checklist, ex situ and in situ gap analyses, species distribution modelling, threat assessment using IUCN Red List categories, climate change assessment and molecular genetic analysis of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (C. Koch) Thell). The outcomes will assist in lay the foundations for future ex situ and in situ conservation, and subsequent use.
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Thormann, Imke [Verfasser]. "Genetic erosion in crop wild relatives : wild barley, Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum, a case study in Jordan ; [kumulative Dissertation] / Imke Thormann." Halle, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1131629329/34.

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Routson, Kanin Josif. "Malus Diversity in Wild and Agricultural Ecosystems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223381.

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Human-induced land degradation and climate change can reduce agricultural productivity and increase susceptibility to food shortages at local and global scales. Planting perennial crop species, such as fruit and nut crops, may be an intervention strategy because of their beneficial contributions to sustainable agriculture and human nutrition. Many perennial temperate fruit and nut species are however, particularly vulnerable to frost events, drought, insufficient chill hours, and disease and insect outbreaks. Modifying these species to yield harvests under a wider range of biotic and abiotic conditions may increase the value and long-term viability of perennials in agroecosystems. This dissertation examines adaptation and ecogeography in temperate perennial fruit crops, using apple (Malus sensu lato) as an example for case studies. The resilience of feral domestic apple trees in abandoned farmstead orchards throughout the southwestern U.S. indicates plasticity in adapting to local environmental conditions. Dendrochronology reveals these trees tend to persist where they have access to supplemental water, either as shallow groundwater or irrigation. While domestic apples are cultivated under a range of growing conditions, wild relatives of agricultural crops may further expand the cultivable range of the species. Crop wild relatives are species closely related to agricultural species, including progenitors that may contribute beneficial traits to crops. Sampling the genetic variation in crop wild relatives may benefit from ecological genetics and GIS theory to reveal genetic structure. The Pacific crabapple is an example of a wild apple relative that may contain genetic variation useful in apple breeding. Species distribution modeling of the Pacific crabapple identifies a narrow climatic window of suitable habitat along the northern Pacific coast, and genetic fingerprinting reveals a highly admixed genetic structure with little evidence of natural or cultural selection. While the moist coastal Pacific Northwest is not necessarily characteristic of many apple-growing regions, the species may have useful adaptations transferable to domestic apples. Genetic resources offer a promising source of raw material for adapting crops to future agricultural environments; their characterization, conservation, and use may offer important contributions to adaptation and use of perennial crops in agro-ecosystems.
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Scheppler, Hannah B. "Modeling the Climatic Niche of Wild Carica Papaya." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami157490469591439.

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Arlinghaus, Kel R. "GENE FLOW IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF CARICA PAPAYA IN THE FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES OF COSTA RICA AND NICARAGUA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1470400678.

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Books on the topic "Crop Wild relatives (CWRs)"

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Redden, Robert John. Crop wild relatives and climate change. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015.

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Redden, Robert, Shyam S. Yadav, Nigel Maxted, Mohammad Ehsan Dulloo, Luigi Guarino, and Paul Smith, eds. Crop Wild Relatives and Climate Change. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118854396.

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Kole, Chittaranjan, ed. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14871-2.

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Kole, Chittaranjan, ed. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14255-0.

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Kole, Chittaranjan, ed. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14387-8.

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Greene, Stephanie L., Karen A. Williams, Colin K. Khoury, Michael B. Kantar, and Laura F. Marek, eds. North American Crop Wild Relatives, Volume 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95101-0.

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Kole, Chittaranjan, ed. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16057-8.

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Greene, Stephanie L., Karen A. Williams, Colin K. Khoury, Michael B. Kantar, and Laura F. Marek, eds. North American Crop Wild Relatives, Volume 2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97121-6.

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Kole, Chittaranjan, ed. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20447-0.

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Kole, Chittaranjan, ed. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20450-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crop Wild relatives (CWRs)"

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Walley, Peter G., and Jonathan D. Moore. "Biotechnology and Genomics: Exploiting the Potential of CWR." In Crop Wild Relatives and Climate Change, 212–23. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118854396.ch12.

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Holubec, Vojtěch, Tamara Smekalova, František Paprštein, Lenka Štočková, and Vojtěch Řezníček. "Potential of Minor Fruit Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) as New Crops in Breeding for Market Diversification." In Crop Wild Relatives and Climate Change, 292–317. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118854396.ch17.

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Baute, Gregory J., Hannes Dempewolf, and Losren H. Rieseberg. "Using Genomic Approaches to Unlock the Potential of CWR for Crop Adaptation to Climate Change." In Crop Wild Relatives and Climate Change, 268–80. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118854396.ch15.

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Bhatti, Shakeel, Mario Marino, Daniele Manzella, Jan Petter Borring, and Álvaro Toledo. "CWR and the Prebreeding in the Context of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture." In Crop Wild Relatives and Climate Change, 350–56. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118854396.ch20.

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Emshwiller, Eve, Germán Calberto-Sánchez, Gezahegn Girma, Shelley Jansky, Julie Sardos, Charles Staver, Frederick L. Stoddard, and Nicolas Roux. "Unavailability of Wild Relatives." In Crop Wild Relatives and Climate Change, 224–49. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118854396.ch13.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Importance of Crop Wild Relatives." In Springer Climate, 33–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23037-1_5.

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Cruz-Cárdenas, Carlos I., Moisés Cortés-Cruz, Candice A. Gardner, and Denise E. Costich. "Wild Relatives of Maize." In North American Crop Wild Relatives, Volume 2, 3–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97121-6_1.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Ecosystem Services of Crop Wild Relatives." In Springer Climate, 83–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23037-1_15.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "The Threats to Crop Wild Relatives." In Springer Climate, 45–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23037-1_9.

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Mujeeb-Kazi, A., J. Gorham, and J. Lopez-Cesati. "Use of Wild Triticeae Relatives for Stress Tolerance." In International Crop Science I, 549–54. Madison, WI, USA: Crop Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/1993.internationalcropscience.c87.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crop Wild relatives (CWRs)"

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Perrino, Enrico Vito, and Robert Philipp Wagensommer. "Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) from Italy: Threatened Endemisms." In IECPS 2021. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2021-11925.

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Egan, Paul A. "Crop wild relatives as genetic resources for pollination and herbivore resistance." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115387.

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Ganea, Anatolie. "Conservarea in situ a agrobiodiversității vegetale – factor de reușită în promovarea agriculturii durabile." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.58.

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The article gives brief information on inventorying of some crop wild relatives in the forest ecosystems of different soil-climatic zones of Republic of Moldova, and collection of accessions of the local forms of cultivated plants on farms. It was found that natural populations of 5 pilot species – wild cherry, wild pear, cornelian cherry, wild apple and hazelnut are degrading under the influence of envi-ronmental stresses. It is noted that the range of social-economic and political factors of the past 60-70 years has led to significant genetic erosion of the local gene pool of agricultural crops. Elaboration of the effective methods for in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity will facilitate the greening of agricultural production and introduction of the elements of sustainable agriculture.
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Reports on the topic "Crop Wild relatives (CWRs)"

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Breiman, Adina, Jan Dvorak, Abraham Korol, and Eduard Akhunov. Population Genomics and Association Mapping of Disease Resistance Genes in Israeli Populations of Wild Relatives of Wheat, Triticum dicoccoides and Aegilops speltoides. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697121.bard.

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Wheat is the most widely grown crop on earth, together with rice it is second to maize in total global tonnage. One of the emerging threats to wheat is stripe (yellow) rust, especially in North Africa, West and Central Asia and North America. The most efficient way to control plant diseases is to introduce disease resistant genes. However, the pathogens can overcome rapidly the effectiveness of these genes when they are wildly used. Therefore, there is a constant need to find new resistance genes to replace the non-effective genes. The resistance gene pool in the cultivated wheat is depleted and there is a need to find new genes in the wild relative of wheat. Wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) the progenitor of the cultivated wheat can serve as valuable gene pool for breeding for disease resistance. Transferring of novel genes into elite cultivars is highly facilitated by the availability of information of their chromosomal location. Therefore, our goals in this study was to find stripe rust resistant and susceptible genotypes in Israeli T. dicoccoides population, genotype them using state of the art genotyping methods and to find association between genetic markers and stripe rust resistance. We have screened 129 accessions from our collection of wild emmer wheat for resistance to three isolates of stripe rust. About 30% of the accessions were resistant to one or more isolates, 50% susceptible, and the rest displayed intermediate response. The accessions were genotyped with Illumina'sInfinium assay which consists of 9K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. About 13% (1179) of the SNPs were polymorphic in the wild emmer population. Cluster analysis based on SNP diversity has shown that there are two main groups in the wild population. A big cluster probably belongs to the Horanum ssp. and a small cluster of the Judaicum ssp. In order to avoid population structure bias, the Judaicum spp. was removed from the association analysis. In the remaining group of genotypes, linkage disequilibrium (LD) measured along the chromosomes decayed rapidly within one centimorgan. This is the first time when such analysis is conducted on a genome wide level in wild emmer. Such a rapid decay in LD level, quite unexpected for a selfer, was not observed in cultivated wheat collection. It indicates that wild emmer populations are highly suitable for association studies yielding a better resolution than association studies in cultivated wheat or genetic mapping in bi-parental populations. Significant association was found between an SNP marker located in the distal region of chromosome arm 1BL and resistance to one of the isolates. This region is not known in the literature to bear a stripe rust resistance gene. Therefore, there may be a new stripe rust resistance gene in this locus. With the current fast increase of wheat genome sequence data, genome wide association analysis becomes a feasible task and efficient strategy for searching novel genes in wild emmer wheat. In this study, we have shown that the wild emmer gene pool is a valuable source for new stripe rust resistance genes that can protect the cultivated wheat.
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Smith, Margaret, Nurit Katzir, Susan McCouch, and Yaakov Tadmor. Discovery and Transfer of Genes from Wild Zea Germplasm to Improve Grain Oil and Protein Composition of Temperate Maize. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580683.bard.

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Project Objectives 1. Develop and amplify two interspecific populations (annual and perennial teosintes x elite maize inbred) as the basis for genetic analysis of grain quality. 2. Identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from teosinte that improve oil, protein, and essential amino acid composition of maize grain. 3. Develop near isogenic lines (NILs) to quantify QTL contributions to grain quality and as a resource for future breeding and gene cloning efforts. 4. Analyze the contribution of these QTLs to hybrid performance in both the US and Israel. 5. Measure the yield potential of improved grain quality hybrids. (NOTE: Yield potential could not be evaluated due to environmentally-caused failure of the breeding nursery where seed was produced for this evaluation.) Background: Maize is a significant agricultural commodity worldwide. As an open pollinated crop, variation within the species is large and, in most cases, sufficient to supply the demand for modem varieties and for new environments. In recent years there is a growing demand for maize varieties with special quality attributes. While domesticated sources of genetic variation for high oil and protein content are limited, useful alleles for these traits may remain in maize's wild relative, teosinte. We utilized advanced backcross (AB) analysis to search for QTLs contributing to oil and protein content from two teosinte accessions: Zea mays ssp. mexicana Race Chalco, an annual teosinte (referred to as Chalco), and Z diploperennis Race San Miguel, a perennial teosinte (referred to as Diplo). Major Conclusions and Achievements Two NILs targeting a Diplo introgression in bin 1.04 showed a significant increase in oil content in homozygous sib-pollinated seed when compared to sibbed seed of their counterpart non-introgressed controls. These BC4S2 NILs, referred to as D-RD29 and D-RD30, carry the Diplo allele in bin 1.04 and the introgression extends partially into bins 1.03 and 1.05. These NILs remain heterozygous in bins 4.01 and 8.02, but otherwise are homozygous for the recurrent parent (RD6502) alleles. NILs were developed also for the Chalco introgression in bin 1.04 but these do not show any improvement in oil content, suggesting that the Chalco alleles differ from the Diplo alleles in this region. Testcross Fl seed and sibbed grain from these Fl plants did not show any effect on oil content from this introgression, suggesting that it would need to be present in both parents of a maize hybrid to have an effect on oil content. Implications, both Scientific and Agricultural The Diplo region identified increases oil content by 12.5% (from 4.8% to 5.4% oil in the seed). Although this absolute difference is not large in agronomic terms, this locus could provide additive increases to oil content in combination with other maize-derived loci for high oil. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of a QTL from teosinte for improved grain oil content in maize. It suggests that further research on grain quality alleles from maize wild relatives would be of both scientific and agricultural interest.
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Smith, Margaret, Nurit Katzir, Susan McCouch, and Yaakov Tadmor. Discovery and Transfer of Genes from Wild Zea Germplasm to Improve Grain Oil and Protein Composition of Temperate Maize. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695846.bard.

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Project Objectives 1. Develop and amplify two interspecific populations (annual and perennial teosintes x elite maize inbred) as the basis for genetic analysis of grain quality. 2. Identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from teosinte that improve oil, protein, and essential amino acid composition of maize grain. 3. Develop near isogenic lines (NILs) to quantify QTL contributions to grain quality and as a resource for future breeding and gene cloning efforts. 4. Analyze the contribution of these QTLs to hybrid performance in both the US and Israel. 5. Measure the yield potential of improved grain quality hybrids. (NOTE: Yield potential could not be evaluated due to environmentally-caused failure of the breeding nursery where seed was produced for this evaluation.) Background: Maize is a significant agricultural commodity worldwide. As an open pollinated crop, variation within the species is large and, in most cases, sufficient to supply the demand for modem varieties and for new environments. In recent years there is a growing demand for maize varieties with special quality attributes. While domesticated sources of genetic variation for high oil and protein content are limited, useful alleles for these traits may remain in maize's wild relative, teosinte. We utilized advanced backcross (AB) analysis to search for QTLs contributing to oil and protein content from two teosinte accessions: Zea mays ssp. mexicana Race Chalco, an annual teosinte (referred to as Chalco), and Z diploperennis Race San Miguel, a perennial teosinte (referred to as Diplo). Major Conclusions and Achievements Two NILs targeting a Diplo introgression in bin 1.04 showed a significant increase in oil content in homozygous sib-pollinated seed when compared to sibbed seed of their counterpart non-introgressed controls. These BC4S2 NILs, referred to as D-RD29 and D-RD30, carry the Diplo allele in bin 1.04 and the introgression extends partially into bins 1.03 and 1.05. These NILs remain heterozygous in bins 4.01 and 8.02, but otherwise are homozygous for the recurrent parent (RD6502) alleles. NILs were developed also for the Chalco introgression in bin 1.04 but these do not show any improvement in oil content, suggesting that the Chalco alleles differ from the Diplo alleles in this region. Testcross Fl seed and sibbed grain from these Fl plants did not show any effect on oil content from this introgression, suggesting that it would need to be present in both parents of a maize hybrid to have an effect on oil content. Implications, both Scientific and Agricultural The Diplo region identified increases oil content by 12.5% (from 4.8% to 5.4% oil in the seed). Although this absolute difference is not large in agronomic terms, this locus could provide additive increases to oil content in combination with other maize-derived loci for high oil. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of a QTL from teosinte for improved grain oil content in maize. It suggests that further research on grain quality alleles from maize wild relatives would be of both scientific and agricultural interest.
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