Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crop irrigation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Crop irrigation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Crop irrigation"

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Bajwa, M. S., and A. S. Josan. "Effects of Alternating Sodic and Non-sodic Irrigations on the Build-up of Sodium in the Soil and on Crop Yields in Northern India." Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 2 (April 1989): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700016707.

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SUMMARYIn a field experiment, the effects of irrigating crops alternately with sodic water (high in sodium adsorption ratio and ) and good quality canal water were investigated for six years on a well drained sandy loam (Typic Ustochrept). The irrigation treatments included: irrigation with non-sodic canal water (CW), irrigation with sodic water (SW), CW irrigation alternating with one or two SW irrigations, and two CW irrigations alternating with one SW irrigation. The results showed that the use of sodic water increased the sodium saturation of the soil and decreased rice and wheat yields. The build-up of sodium depended on the number of SW irrigations during the season. The increase in sodium saturation and decline in crop yields were progressive over the years. The improvements in yield due to alternating sodic and non-sodic irrigations compared with the use of sodic water alone increased over the years. Alternating sodic and non-sodic irrigations could therefore be considered a practical way to alleviate the problems caused by sodic water. The number of sodic irrigations during a season should, however, be kept to a minimum and the build-up of sodium in the soil over time should be monitored.
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Hanson, Blaine R., Donald M. May, and Larry J. Schwankl. "Effect of Irrigation Frequency on Subsurface Drip Irrigated Vegetables." HortTechnology 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.1.0115.

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The effect on crop yield of drip-irrigation frequencies of two irrigations per day (2/d), one irrigation per day (1/d), two irrigations per week (2/week), and one irrigation per week (1/week) was investigated for lettuce (Lactuca sativa), pepper (Capsicum annuum), and onion (Allium cepa) grown on sandy loam and processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) grown on silt loam during experiments conducted during 1994 to 1997. All treatments of a particular crop received the same amount of irrigation water per week. Results showed that the 1/week frequency should be avoided for the shallow rooted crops in sandy soil. Irrigation frequency had little effect on yield of tomato, a relatively deep-rooted crop. These results suggest that drip irrigation frequencies of 1/d or 2/week are appropriate in medium to fine texture soils for the soil and climate of the project site. There was no yield benefit of multiple irrigations per day.
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Zhao, Q. L., J. N. Zhang, S. J. You, S. H. Wang, and L. N. Wang. "Effect of irrigation with reclaimed water on crops and health risk assessment." Water Supply 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.965.

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Irrigation with tertiary effluent, secondary effluent, and raw wastewater (sewage) were studied with tap water irrigation as the control. The effects of the irrigations on the qualities of three testing crops: cucumber, celery cabbage and maize were investigated. The contents of residual chloride ion, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and residual heavy metals in these irrigated crops were also examined. The results showed that the secondary and tertiary effluent had no significant effects on the crop qualities. However, irrigation with the sewage could lead to increase parts of nutrient components in the crops. Irrigation with the sewage caused accumulation of nitrate and heavy metals in the crops, indicating that sewage was not suitable for irrigation. The risk assessment results suggested that the health risk of the irrigations using sewage and secondary effluent exceeded the maximum acceptable risk level. Comparatively, the risk in the tertiary effluent irrigation was much lower than the acceptable level.
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Rajkanna, U., T. Karthickkumar, L. Jayaraman, and M. Mathankumar. "Senna Crop Irrigation." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 11, no. 6 (2018): 2656. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2018.00492.4.

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Bryla, David R., Thomas J. Trout, and James E. Ayars. "Weighing Lysimeters for Developing Crop Coefficients and Efficient Irrigation Practices for Vegetable Crops." HortScience 45, no. 11 (November 2010): 1597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.11.1597.

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Large, precision weighing lysimeters are expensive but invaluable tools for measuring crop evapotranspiration and developing crop coefficients. Crop coefficients are used by both growers and researchers to estimate crop water use and accurately schedule irrigations. Two lysimeters of this type were installed in 2002 in central California to determine daily rates of crop and potential (grass) evapotranspiration and develop crop coefficients for better irrigation management of vegetable crops. From 2002 to 2006, the crop lysimeter was planted with broccoli, iceberg lettuce, bell pepper, and garlic. Basal crop coefficients, Kcb, defined as the ratio of crop to potential evapotranspiration when the soil surface is dry but transpiration in unlimited by soil water conditions, increased as a linear or quadratic function of the percentage of ground covered by vegetation. At midseason, when groundcover was greater than 70% to 90%, Kcb was ≈1.0 in broccoli, 0.95 in lettuce, and 1.1 in pepper, and Kcb of each remained the same until harvest. Garlic Kcb, in comparison, increased to 1.0 by the time the crop reached 80% ground cover, but with only 7% of additional coverage, Kcb continued to increase to 1.3, until irrigation was stopped to dry the crop for harvest. Three weeks after irrigation was cutoff, garlic Kcb declined rapidly to a value of 0.16 by harvest. Yields of each crop equaled or exceeded commercial averages for California with much less water in some cases than typically applied. The new crop coefficients will facilitate irrigation scheduling in the crops and help to achieve full yield potential without overirrigation.
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GOENAGA, R., and H. IRIZARRY. "YIELD OF BANANA GROWN WITH SUPPLEMENTAL DRIP-IRRIGATION ON AN ULTISOL." Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 4 (October 1998): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479798004062.

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A three-year study was conducted on an Ultisol to determine the water requirement, yield and fruit-quality traits of three ratoon crops (R1, R2, R3) of ‘Grande Naine’ banana (Musa acuminata Colla, AAA group) subjected to four levels of irrigation. The irrigation treatments were based on Class A pan factors ranging from 0.0 (rainfed) to 1.0 in increments of 0.25. When needed, drip irrigation was supplied three times a week on alternate days. Results showed significant (p < 0.01) irrigation treatment and crop effects on bunch weight, yield, bunch mean hand weight, weight and fruit diameter of the third and last hands, and length of fruits of the third hand. Highest marketable yield (47.9 t ha−1) was obtained from the R2 crop with water application according to a pan factor of 1.0. It was concluded that irrigating the crop according to a pan factor of 1.0 was sufficient to justify the investment of a drip-irrigation system for a farm in the mountain region.
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Singh, O. P., and P. K. Singh. "Effects of drip and alternate furrow method of irrigation on cotton yield and physical water productivity: A case study from farmers’ field of Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2696.

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With the growing irrigation water scarcity, the researchers and policymakers are more concerned to improve the irrigation water use efficiency at farmers’ field level. The water-saving technologies provide greater control over water delivery to the crop root zone and reduce the non-beneficial evaporation from the crop field. Water productivity is an important concept for measuring and comparing water use efficiency. The present study tried to estimate the irrigation water use and physical water productivity of cotton under alternate furrow and drip irrigation methods in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat. Results suggest that crop yield and physical water productivity were higher for cotton irrigated by drip method than alternate furrow method during normal rainfall and drought year. The irrigation water use under the drip method of irrigation was lower as compared to the alternate furrow method. In the case of total water (effective rainfall + irrigation water) use, per hectare crop yield and physical water productivity were higher for the drip method of irrigation than the alternate furrow method of irrigating cotton crop during normal rainfall and drought year. In the case of total water use (effective rainfall + irrigation water), it was lower for drip irrigation than the alternate furrow method of irrigating cotton crop during normal rainfall year and drought year. While estimating total water (effective rainfall + irrigation water) use, it was assumed that there is no return flow of water from the cotton field in the study area under both irrigation methods.
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Wang, Xin Hua, Mei Hua Guo, and Hui Mei Liu. "Research Dry Crop and Irrigation Water Requirement in Environment Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.961.

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According to Kunming 1980-2010 monthly weather data and CROPWAT software and the corresponding crop data, crop water requirements and irrigation water use are calculated. By frequency analysis, irrigation water requirement was get for different guaranteed rate. The results show that: corn, potatoes, tobacco, and soybeans average crop water requirements were 390.7mm, 447.9mm, 361.8mm and 328.4mm, crop water dispersion coefficient is small, period effective rainfall during crop growth in most of the year can meet the crop water requirements, so irrigation water demand is small. While the multi-year average crop water requirements were 400.8mm, 353.5mm, 394.3mm for small spring crops of wheat, beans, rape. Because the effective rainfall for these crops during growth period is relative less, crop irrigation water requirements for small spring crop is much. Vegetables and flowers are plant around the year, so the crop water and irrigation water requirements are the largest.
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Harding, Keith J., Tracy E. Twine, and Yaqiong Lu. "Effects of Dynamic Crop Growth on the Simulated Precipitation Response to Irrigation*." Earth Interactions 19, no. 14 (November 1, 2015): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-15-0030.1.

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Abstract The rapid expansion of irrigation since the 1950s has significantly depleted the Ogallala Aquifer. This study examines the warm-season climate impacts of irrigation over the Ogallala using high-resolution (6.33 km) simulations of a version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model that has been coupled to the Community Land Model with dynamic crop growth (WRF-CLM4crop). To examine how dynamic crops influence the simulated impact of irrigation, the authors compare simulations with dynamic crops to simulations with a fixed annual cycle of crop leaf area index (static crops). For each crop scheme, simulations were completed with and without irrigation for 9 years that represent the range of observed precipitation. Reduced temperature and precipitation biases occur with dynamic versus static crops. Fundamental differences in the precipitation response to irrigation occur with dynamic crops, as enhanced surface roughness weakens low-level winds, enabling more water from irrigation to remain over the region. Greater simulated rainfall increases (12.42 mm) occur with dynamic crops compared to static crops (9.08 mm), with the greatest differences during drought years (+20.1 vs +5.9 mm). Water use for irrigation significantly impacts precipitation with dynamic crops (R2 = 0.29), but no relationship exists with static crops. Dynamic crop growth has the largest effect on the simulated impact of irrigation on precipitation during drought years, with little impact during nondrought years, highlighting the need to simulate the dynamic response of crops to environmental variability within Earth system models to improve prediction of the agroecosystem response to variations in climate.
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Kassaye, Kassu Tadesse, Wubengeda Admasu Yilma, Mehiret Hone Fisha, and Dawit Habte Haile. "Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato under Alternate Furrows and Deficit Irrigation." International Journal of Agronomy 2020 (November 24, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8869098.

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The benefits of water-saving techniques such as alternate furrow and deficit irrigations need to be explored to ensure food security for the ever-increasing population within the context of declining availability of irrigation water. In this regard, field experiments were conducted for 2 consecutive dry seasons in the semiarid region of southwestern Ethiopia and investigated the influence of alternate furrow irrigation method with different irrigation levels on the yield, yield components, water use efficiency, and profitability of potato production. The experiment comprised of 3 irrigation methods: (i) conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), (ii) alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), and (iii) fixed furrow irrigation (FFI) combined factorially with 3 irrigation regimes: (i) 100%, (ii) 75%, and (iii) 50% of the potato water requirement (ETC). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design replicated thrice. Results revealed that seasonal irrigation water applied in alternate furrows was nearly half (170 mm) of the amount supplied in every furrow (331 mm). Despite the half reduction in the total amount of water, tuber (35.68 t ha−1) and total biomass (44.37 t ha−1) yields of potato in AFI did not significantly differ from CFI (34.84 and 45.35 t ha−1, respectively). Thus, AFI improved WUE by 49% compared to CFI. Irrigating potato using 75% of ETC produced tuber yield of 35.01 t ha−1, which was equivalent with 100% of ETC (35.18 t ha−1). Irrigating alternate furrows using 25% less ETC provided the highest net return of US$74.72 for every unit investment on labor for irrigating potato. In conclusion, irrigating alternate furrows using up to 25% less ETC saved water, provided comparable yield, and enhanced WUE and economic benefit. Therefore, farmers and experts are recommended to make change to AFI with 25% deficit irrigation in the study area and other regions with limited water for potato production to improve economic, environmental, and social performance of their irrigated systems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crop irrigation"

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Kazemi, Hossein V. "Estimating crop water requirements in south-central Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9859.

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Rubeiz, I. G., N. F. Oebker, and J. L. Stroehlein. "Vegetable Crop Response to Subsurface Drip Irrigation." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214134.

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Drip irrigation lines placed 15 cm (deep) and 5 cm (shallow) below soil surface were compared to furrow irrigation with zucchini squash as a summer crop and cabbage as a winter crop. Both crops were grown on the same drip lines in each treatment. Urea phosphate was injected in drip lines during growing season while the furrow-irrigated plots received preplant application of phosphorus. In squash, deep lines produced higher yields than did shallow. Deep-drip yields were comparable to those with furrow but used half the water and half the fertilizer. In cabbage, deep-drip yielded slightly higher than shallow-drip and furrow. In these studies, deep-drip was superior in applying water and fertilizer.
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Sedibe, Moosa Mahmood. "Optimising water use efficiency for crop production." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53541.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Poor water management and poor water use efficiency (WUE) have been identified as one of the major problems experienced by vegetable growers in most of the developing countries, including South Africa. This poor management and poor utilization of water have led to a drastic decline in the quality and quantity of available water. In South Africa agriculture uses about 50% of available water. Increasing water demand for domestic, industrial and mining uses, may decrease agriculture's share to less than the current 50%, henceforth, better utilization of this resource is imperative. Selection of a good irrigation system can limit water loss considerably. Some irrigation systems have a potential to save more water than others do. Since irrigation systems affect the WUE of crops, care should be taken when selecting an irrigation system under conditions of limited water quantity. Ebb-and- Flood watering systems have been introduced for effective sub-irrigation and nutrient delivery within closed systems. Such a system was adapted in South Africa, to develop a vegetable production unit for use by families in rural communities, while saving substantial amounts of water. A need to further improve the WUE of this system was subsequently identified. Two studies were conducted at the experimental farm of the University of Stellenbosch (Department of Agronomy). The first trial was conducted under controlled conditions in a glasshouse, and the second under open field conditions. In the first trial, Beta vulgaris (Swiss chard) and Amaranthus spp. ('Imbuya') were grown in two root media; gravel and pumice. In addition, an 'Ebb-and-Flood' and a 'Constant level' system were used with nutrient solutions at two electrical (EC) conductivity levels 1.80 and 3.60 mS cm-I. The results of this (2x2x2x2) factorial experiment indicated that a combination of the 'Ebb-and-Flood' system with gravel as a root medium produced the best results at a low EC, when 'imbuya' was used. A high total WUE was found with 'imbuya', (7.35 g L-I) at EC 1.80 mS cmicompared to a relatively low WUE of 5. 90 g L-I when the 3.60 mS cm-I nutrient solution was used. In the second trial, 'Imbuya's' foliage dry mass, leaf area and WUE was evaluated under field conditions at the Stellenbosch University experimental farm, during the summer of2002. The experimental farm (33°55'S, 18°52'E) is situated in the cooler coastal wine grape-producing region of South Africa with a relatively high annual winter rainfall. This trial was conducted on an alluvial soil, with clay content of 25% and a pH of 5.9 (KC!). A closed 'Ebb-and-Flood' system was compared with two open field irrigation systems ('Drip' and 'Flood') using nutrient solutions at two electrical conductivity levels (1.80 and 3.60 mS cm-i) in all three cases. Foliage dry mass, leaf area as well as WUE was best with 'Drip' irrigation, when a nutrient solution with an electrical conductivity of 3.60 mS cm-i was used. In spite of the fact that additional ground water was available for the soil grown 'Drip' and 'Flood' treatments, the 'Ebb-and-Flood' system outperformed the 'Flood' treatment, especially when the nutrient solution with an EC of 3.6 mS cm-i was used. Insufficient root aeration in the flooded soil could have been a contributing factor. The fact that the 'Ebb-and-Flood' and 'Drip' systems gave the best results when the high EC solution was used to fertigate the plants, may indicate that the plants could have hardened due to the mild EC stress, better preparing them to adapt to the extreme heat that was experienced in the field.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Swak: bestuur van water en 'n swak: water-gebruik-doeltreffendheid (WOD) is as een van die belangrikste probleme geïdentifiseer wat deur groente produsente in die meeste ontwikkelende lande, insluitend Suid-Afrika, ervaar word. Hierdie swak bestuur en benutting van water het daartoe bygedra dat 'n drastiese afname in die kwaliteit asook in die kwantiteit van beskikbare water ervaar word. In Suid-Afrika gebruik die landbou-sektor ongeveer 50% van die beskikbare water. Toenemende water behoeftes vir huisgebruik, industrieë en die mynbou mag hierdie 50% aandeel van die landbou sektor laat krimp. Beter benutting van hierdie skaars hulpbron is dus noodsaaklik. Die keuse van goeie besproeiingsisteme mag waterverliese merkbaar beperk aangesien sekere sisteme se water-besparingspotensiaal beter as ander is. Aangesien besproeiingstelsels die WOD van gewasse beïnvloed, is spesiale sorg nodig waar 'n besproeiingstelsel onder hierdie toestande van beperkte waterbronne gekies moet word. 'Ebb-en-Vloed' sisteme kan aangewend word om water en voedingselemente van onder in 'n wortelmedium te laat opstoot en in 'n geslote sisteem te laat terugdreineer. So 'n sisteem is in Suid-Afrika ontwikkel waarmee groente vir families in landelike gebiede geproduseer kan word terwyl water bespaar word. 'n Behoefte om die WOD van hierdie produksiesisteem verder te verbeter is egter geïdentifiseer. Twee ondersoeke is by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch se proefplaas (Departement Agronomie) gedoen. Die eerste proef is onder beheerde omgewingstoestande in 'n glashuis uitgevoer en die tweede onder veld toestande. In die eerste proef is Beta vulgaris (Snybeet) en Amaranthus spp. ('Imbuya') in twee tipes wortelmedia; gruis en puimsteen verbou. 'n 'Ebb-en-Vloed' asoook 'n 'Konstante vlak' besproeiingsisteem is gebruik terwyl voedingsoplossings ook by twee peile van elektriese geleiding (EC) teen 1.80 en 3.60 mS cm-I toegedien is. Die resultate van hierdie (2x2x2x2) fakroriaal eksperiment het aangetoon dat 'n kombinasie van die 'Ebb-en-Vloed' sisteem met gruis as 'n wortelmedium die beste resultate teen 'n lae EC lewer waar 'imbuya' gebruik is. Die WOD met 'imbuya' was hoog (7.35 g L-1) by 'n EC van 1.80 mS cm-I, vergeleke met 'n relatief lae WOD van 5. 90 g L-1 waar die 3.60 mS cm-I voedingsoplossing gebruik is. In die tweede proef is 'Imbuya' se droë blaarmassa, blaar oppervlakte en WOD onder veldtoestande op die Universiteit van Stellenbsoch se proefplaas in die somer van 2002 ge-evalueer. Die proefplaas (33°55'S, 18°52'E) is in die koeler kusstreke van die wyndruif produksiegebied in die winterreëngebied van Suid-Afrika geleë. Hierdie proef is op alluviale grond met 25% klei en 'n pH van 5.9 (KCi) uitgevoer. 'n Geslote 'Ebb-en-Vloed' sisteem is met twee veld-besproeiingsisteme vergelyk ('Drup' en 'Vloed') terwyl voedingsoplossings teen twee peile van elektriese geleiding (1.80 en 3.60 mS cm-I) in al drie gevalle gebruik is. Blaar droëmassa, blaaroppervlakte asook die WGD was die beste met 'Drup' besproeiing waar die EC van die voedingsoplossing 3.60 mS cm-I was. Ten spyte van die feit dat ekstra grondwater vir die 'Drup' and 'Vloed' behandelings beskikbaar was, het die 'Ebben- Vloed' stelsel beter as die 'Vloed' behandeling gedoen veral waar die voedingsoplossing se EC 3.6 mS cm-I was. Swak wortelbelugting was waarskynlik die rede waarom vloedbesproeiing swak produksie gelewer het. Die feit dat die 'Drup' en die 'Ebb-en-Vloed' behandelings in die veldproef die beste gedoen het waar die EC hoog was, mag moontlik met die gehardheid van die plante verband hou wat aan ekstreem warm en dor toestande blootgestel was.
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Watson, J., and M. Sheedy. "Crop Water Use Estimates." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210312.

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Irrigation scheduling, by keeping track of irrigation applications, soil storage and crop water use, has been computerized by a number of different individuals. A key component of the computerized methods is the estimation of a reference crop evapotranspiration rate. Complaints about one such method, AZSCHED, led the authors to compare the reference crop evapotranspiration values calculated by AZSCHED with those calculated by a second procedure available used by AZMET. Results of the comparison indicated that no significant difference existed between methods, for either a traditionally "long season", or a contemporary "short season" growing period. AZSCHED did estimate crop water use to be about 5% - 8% more than AZMET, an amount that is not of importance considering the irrigation inefficiencies created by field non-uniformities. Experience by the authors indicates that inappropriate selection of irrigation efficiencies and/or soil water holding capacity may be the main cause of user complaints.
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Husaker, Douglas, and Dale Bucks. "Crop Yield Variability in Irrigated Wheat." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200484.

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Optimum design and management of irrigated wheat production is limited by the scarcity of information available on yield variability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability in soil-water parameters and the effects compared to grain yield response under level-basin irrigation. Three levels of seasonal irrigation water and two border lengths were used. Grain yields were found to increase significantly with the amount of water applied and soil water depletion (estimate of crop evapotranspiration), although yield variability was greater with reduced or deficit irrigations. Variations in soil water content were responsible for about 22% of the variability in grain yield, indicating that other soil and crop- related factors had a significant influence on production. Spatial dependence was exhibited over a greater distance at the wetter compared with the drier irrigation regimes.
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Ismail, El-Sayed El-Shafei. "Computer simulation of crop response to irrigation accounting for salinity." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278807.

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Khandker, Md Humayun Kabir. "Crop growth and water-use from saline water tables." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/580.

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How much water can a crop abstract from below a saline water table and how does the salinity affect yield? These questions are important because shallow groundwater may represent a substantial resource in flat, low-lying areas, but may also represent a threat to sustainability where salinity is high. A series of experiments in a glasshouse aimed to elucidate irrigation management practice under salinity conditions and to develop a root uptake model under both osmotic and matric stresses. The extraction of soil water and groundwater by lettuce and perennial ryegrass crops were measured in three instrumented lysimeters. Water table depths were 0.6,0.9 and 1.2 rn below the soil surface. The lysimeters were initially saturated with saline water (electrical conductivity 4.5 dS m- 1 for lettuce, 9.4 dS m- I for the first crop of ryegrass and 0.4,7.5 & 15.0 dS m-1 for the second crop of ryegrass) and drained until an equilibrium soil water profile was attained. Water with the same electrical conductivity was then supplied by Marione siphons to maintain the constant water table. The water table contribution was recorded and water losses from the soil profile were estimated from daily readings of soil water potential using tensiometersa; nd gypsum blocks. Solute samples were extracted periodically for salinity measurement. The cropping period of lettuce was 90 days from sowing and the lst & 2nd cropping periods of ryegrass were 223 & 215 days respectively. The first ryegrass experiment showed that the water table depth (60,90 and 120 cm) did not have significant contribution (37,36 and 36 mm) on either total soil moisture use or groundwater contribution. Similar results were found for total soil moisture use for lettuce, though the groundwater contribution varied significantly. The second ryegrass experiment showed that salinity at the water table strongly influenced total soil moisture use, but the total groundwater contribution varied only slightly. The overall crop experiments show that the groundwater contribution was within the range of 25-30% of the total water use, except for the 15 dS m7l treatment where the contribution was greater than the soil moisture use. Groundwater contribution rate was higher when the plants were subjected to more osmotic and matric stresses. Yield component data show that increasing salinity leads to a reduction in total yield, but the drymatter proportion was higher. Higher salinities occurred in the upper 15 cm of the root zone, because of the greater soil moisture depletion. Below that depth the salinization rate was smaller, because of the greater groundwater contribution in the later part of the season. There is reasonable agreement between measured and estimated (based on convective transport theory) values soil salinity. Salinities increased in the root zone by about 3-fold of initial salinity for lettuce and around 4-fold for ryegrass in the top 5 cm depth, but below 15 cm depth it was less than 2 fold. Finally, a simplified model was developed to describe the interaction of root-zone salinity and water uptake, considering salinity and water stress as additive. The model shows that the higher the root-zone salinity stress, the higher the predicted water uptake while plant uptake considered -1.5 MPa. This variation is ranged from 4 to 17% for 0.4 to 9.4 dS m-1 and 30 % for 15 dS m-1. The model was developed in a climate with low atmospheric demand, but needs testing in a more severe environment.
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Lena, Bruno Patias. "Crop evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of jatropha from first to fourth year." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-06012017-111443/.

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The determination of crop coefficient (Kc) with adequate methodology is important to quantify regional water requirement. Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) Kc is still unknown and this information will be essential to provide reliable irrigation parameters, as well as for crop zoning. The objective of this study was to determine jatropha actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and Kc from 1st to 4th growing year, and correlate Kc with leaf area index (LAI) and cumulative thermal unit (CTU). The experiment was performed from March 2012 to August 2015 at \"Luiz de Queiroz\" College of Agriculture (ESALQ)/University of São Paulo (USP), at Piracicaba city, SP, Brazil. The experiment was divided into center pivot, drip, and rainfed treatments. Two large weighing lysimeters (12 m2 each lysimeter) per treatment were used to determine jatropha ETc (one plant per lysimeter). Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) was determined by Penman-Monteith method from a weather station data situated close to the treatments. Daily Kc was determined for the two irrigated treatments by the ration between ETc and ET0 (Kc=ETc/ET0). LAI was determined using the LAI-2200 plant canopy analyzer, which was previously calibrated for jatropha canopy type. In all growing years, LAI was almost zero at the beginning of vegetative stage, increasing until a maximum during productive stage, and decreasing to zero in the leaf senescence stage. Annual ETc trend during the three growing was very similar, which was explained by the different growing periods and the LAI variation. In the 1st year Kc was 0.47 for both treatments. In the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years Kc ranged from 0.15 to 1.38 for center pivot treatment and from 0.15 to 1.25 for drip treatment. Kc average in 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years during vegetative and productive growing periods was 0.77, 0.93, and 0.82 for center pivot treatment, respectively, and 0.69, 0.79, and 0.74 for drip treatment, respectively. The relationship between Kc and LAI for the center pivot treatment was adjusted to a logarithmical equation with coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.7643 and 0.334, respectively. For the drip treatment R2 was 0.8443 and 0.2079, respectively. In all three years analyzed, Kc related to CTU by a 3rd degree polynomial equation for both treatments.
A determinação de coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) com metodologia adequada é essencial para quantificar o consumo hídrico de cultivos em diferentes regiões. Valores de Kc do pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) ainda não foram determinados e essa informação é muito importante para auxiliar o manejo de irrigação de maneira adequada. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a evapotranspiração (ETc) e Kc do 1º ao 4º ano de cultivo do pinhão-manso, e correlacionar Kc com o índice de área foliar (IAF) e a soma da unidade térmica (SUT). O experimento foi realizado de março de 2012 à agosto de 2015 na Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\" (ESALQ)/Universidade de São Paulo (USP), na cidade de Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. O experimento foi divido nos tratamentos irrigados por pivô central, gotejamento e sem irrigação. Foram utilizados dois lisímetros de pesagem (12 m2 de superfície em cada lisímetro) por tratamento para realizar a determinação de ETc (uma planta por lisímetros). A evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) foi determinado pelo método de Penman-Monteith a partir de dados meteorológicos coletados na estação meteorológica localizada ao lado do experimento. Valores diários de Kc foram determinados nos tratamentos irrigados pela razão entre ETc e ET0 (Kc=ETc/ET0). IAF foi determinado utilizando o equipamento LAI-2200 Plant Canopy Analyzer, que foi previamente calibrado para adequar as características do dossel do pinhão-manso. Em todos os anos avaliados, o IAF foi quase zero durante o início do período vegetativo, aumentando os valores conforme a planta começou a se desenvolver até atingir valores máximos durante o período produtivo, decrescendo os valores até zero no estádio de desenvolvimento de senescência foliar. A variação anual de ETc no 2º, 3º e 4º ano foi muito similar, explicado pelos diferentes períodos de desenvolvimento da cultura e a variação de IAF no ano. No 1º ano, Kc foi 0,47 para os dois tratamentos irrigados. No 2º, 3º e 4º ano, Kc variou de 0,15 a 1,38 no tratamento irrigado por pivô central e de 0,15 a 1,15 no tratamento irrigado por gotejamento. A média dos valores de Kc no 2º, 3º e 4º ano durante os períodos vegetativos e produtivos foi de 0,77, 0,93 e 0,82 no tratamento irrigado por pivô central, respectivamente, e 0,69, 0,79 e 0,74 no tratamento irrigado por gotejamento, respectivamente. A relação entre Kc e IAF mostrou, para o tratamento irrigado por pivô central, um ajuste logaritmo com coeficiente de determinação (R2) e somatória do erro médio ao quadrado (SEMQ) de 0,7643 e 0,334, respectivamente, e 0,8443 e 0,2079 para o tratamento irrigado por gotejamento, respectivamente. Nos três anos analisados, Kc correlacionado com SUT mostrou o melhor ajuste à equação polinomial de 2ª ordem para os dois tratamentos.
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Upendram, Sreedhar. "Irrigation scheduling, crop choices and impact of an irrigation technology upgrade on the Kansas High Plains Aquifer." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1423.

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Zeywar, Nadim Shukry. "Water use and crop coefficient determination for irrigated cotton in Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185887.

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Crop coefficients (K(c)) are a useful means of predicting how much water is needed for irrigating a crop. The crop water stress index (CWSI), on the other hand, is a means of knowing when to irrigate. Two field experiments were conducted during the summers of 1990 and 1991 at Maricopa Agricultural Center and Marana Agricultural Center, respectively, to evaluate water use (evapotranspiration, ET) of different cotton varieties, to develop crop coefficients for cotton grown in the state of Arizona, and to evaluate empirical and theoretical crop water stress indices under field conditions. For the 1990 experiment, ET from the cotton variety DPL 77 was obtained using soil water balance (SWB) and steady state heat balance (SSHB) techniques. For the 1991 experiment, ET from two cotton varieties (DPL 20 and Pima S-6) was estimated using the Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) method and the steady state heat balance method. Reference evapotranspiration (ETᵣ) was obtained from weather stations located close to the experimental plots. Average daily ET from the SSHB measurements ranged from 8.24 to 15.13 mm and from 10.34 to 12.12 mm for the 1990 and 1991 experiments, respectively. Total ET from the SWB was approximately 19% less than the total ET estimated by the SSHB. Total ET from individual plants was well correlated with average stem area over the evaluation periods. Daily ET from the two cotton varieties (DPL20 and Pima S-6) was approximately similar when irrigation conditions were the same, but differed later by as much as 48.4% as irrigation continued for the variety Pima S-6 only. Daily ET from the BREB measurements and ETᵣ were used to develop a crop coefficient curve for cotton grown at Marana, Arizona, which had a maximum smoothed value of 1.21. A critical value of CWSI equal to 0.3 was obtained by observing the pattern of the CWSI values over well-watered and drier conditions, and from previous research. Using the developed crop coefficient curve and the CWSI should provide a useful means of scheduling irrigation for cotton grown under climatic conditions similar to those at Marana, Arizona.
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Books on the topic "Crop irrigation"

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Kirda, C., P. Moutonnet, C. Hera, and D. R. Nielsen, eds. Crop Yield Response to Deficit Irrigation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4752-1.

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Somani, L. L. Crop production with saline water. Bikaner: Agro Botanical Publishers (India), 1991.

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Cuenca, Richard H. Oregon crop water use and irrigation requirements. Corvallis, Or: Water Resources Engineering Team, Oregon State University, 1992.

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Pongput, Kobkiat. Scheduling model for crop-based irrigation operations. Lahore: Pakistan National Program, International Irrigation Management Institute, 1998.

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D, Rhoades J. The use of saline waters for crop production. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1992.

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Rayachaudhuri, Sachidulal. Impact of urban wastewater irrigation on soil and crop. Bhubaneswar: Directorate of Water Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2014.

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"International Workshop on Crop and Forage Production Using Saline Waters in Dry Areas" (2006 University of Birjand). Crop and forage production using saline waters. Edited by Kafi M, Khan M. Ajmal, University of Birjand, and Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries. Delhi: Daya Pub. House, 2008.

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Westcot, D. W. Quality control of wastewater for irrigated crop production. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1997.

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Learning, Alberta Alberta. Irrigated field crop production technician. Edmonton]: Alberta Learning, 2000.

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Panabokke, C. R. Irrigation management for crop diversification in Sri Lanka: A synthesis of current research. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Irrigation Management Institute, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crop irrigation"

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Plaut, Z., and A. Meiri. "Crop Irrigation." In Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, 47–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78562-7_3.

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Waller, Peter, and Muluneh Yitayew. "Crop Evapotranspiration." In Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 89–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05699-9_6.

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Reddy, P. Parvatha. "Micro Irrigation." In Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production, 223–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2702-4_15.

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Reddy, P. Parvatha. "Deficit Irrigation." In Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production, 241–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2702-4_16.

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Reddy, P. Parvatha. "Supplemental Irrigation." In Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production, 253–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2702-4_17.

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Fereres, Elías, and Margarita García-Vila. "Irrigation Management for Efficient Crop Production." In Crop Science, 345–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8621-7_162.

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Fereres, Elías, and Margarita García-Vila. "Irrigation Management irrigation management for Efficient Crop Production irrigation management for efficient crop production." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 5619–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_162.

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Fereres, Elías, and Margarita García-Vila. "Irrigation Management irrigation management for Efficient Crop Production irrigation management for efficient crop production." In Sustainable Food Production, 1035–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5797-8_162.

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Dunham, R. J. "Water use and irrigation." In The Sugar Beet Crop, 279–309. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0373-9_8.

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Bazza, M. "Improving irrigation management practices with water-deficit irrigation." In Crop Yield Response to Deficit Irrigation, 49–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4752-1_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crop irrigation"

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Sangster, Nadine, Aneil Ramkhalawan, Aatma Maharajh, Jorrel Bisnath, Edward Cumberbatch, Ronnie Bickramdass, David Edwards, and Prakash Persad. "SMART IRRIGATION ESTIMATOR." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/fsnx6661.

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Many of the agricultural plots within Trinidad and Tobago remain in a state of dormancy due to a critical lack of infrastructure needed for their development. This has contributed to the increasing food import bill which was some TT$5.6 billion over the last couple of years. This overall crop irrigation project aims at assisting the farmers in setting up a proper infrastructure that will utilize natural resources. The lack of pipe water will be substituted by rainwater capture, storage and distribution via drip irrigation. The lack of power for water distribution by irrigation will be obtained by the use of solar power for the pumps. The project will be done in phases. This phase involved at creating a smart estimator to determine the water requirement and the planting land area for the 2-acre plot when the number of plants, type of plants, and the month in which the farmer chooses to start planting are chosen. It will estimate the water storage volume required for the various crops chosen based on the rainfall patterns, crop cycle and the crop water requirement. These output estimates will be based on the land area input, estimated water storage size, estimated tool shed size and produce storage area, and the type or types of crops chosen to farm by the farmer for the plot. The input parameters in the estimator can then be varied by the farmer, to help find an estimated or optimum balance of the number and type of crops, the planting land area, and the water captured and stored, based on the rainfall patterns and the unused land area. The outputs required can be similarly obtained through the use of existing models and software packages, but the tools are not ‘Farmer User Friendly and readily available’.
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Bhaskar, Lala, Barkha Koli, Punit Kumar, and Vivek Gaur. "Automatic crop irrigation system." In 2015 4th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (ICRITO) (Trends and Future Directions). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrito.2015.7359336.

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Hazman, Maryam. "Crop irrigation schedule expert system." In 2015 13th International Conference on ICT and Knowledge Engineering (ICT & Knowledge Engineering 2015). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictke.2015.7368475.

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Bellvert, J., P. J. Zarco-Tejada, J. Girona, V. González-Dugo, and E. Fereres. "A tool for detecting crop water status using airborne high-resolution thermal imagery." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si140031.

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Hanson, B., and D. May. "Evapotranspiration, yield, crop coefficients, and water use efficiency of drip and furrow irrigated processing tomatoes." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si060041.

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van der Stoep, I., and N. Benadé. "Development of a crop water use module for the WAS program to determine scheme-level irrigation demand." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si060171.

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Thirrunavukkarasu, R. R., T. Meeradevi, S. Ganesh Prabhu, J. Arunachalam, P. Manoj kumar, and R. Prasath. "Smart Irrigation And Crop Protection Using Arduino." In 2021 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccs51430.2021.9441867.

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Ramos, J. G., J. A. Kay, C. R. Cratchley, M. A. Casterad, J. Herrero, R. López, A. Martínez-Cob, and R. Domínguez. "Crop management in a district within the Ebro River Basin using remote sensing techniques to estimate and map irrigation volumes." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si060351.

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"Review of Turfgrass Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients." In 2015 ASABE / IA Irrigation Symposium: Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Irrigation - A Tribute to the Career of Terry Howell, Sr. Conference Proceedings. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/irrig.20152145395.

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Sokol, Julia, Fiona Grant, Carolyn Sheline, and Amos Winter. "Development of a System Model for Low-Cost, Solar-Powered Drip Irrigation Systems in the MENA Region." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86297.

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Drip irrigation has the potential to conserve water and increase crop yields. However, existing drip irrigation systems often require high pumping power, making them financially inaccessible to smallholder farmers. Integrating a holistic system model with a cost-optimization scheme can enable the design and implementation of low-cost, solar-powered drip irrigations systems, ultimately making this technology more cost-effective for smallholder farmers. This paper describes the algorithms comprising an integrated model of solar-powered drip irrigation systems, consisting of agronomic, hydraulic, pump, and power system modules. It also introduces a preliminary optimization scheme for the power system, which uses the system hydraulics and pump curve to select an optimal solar array and energy storage configuration that minimizes capital cost. The system model and power system optimization is applied to three case studies, and the resulting power system configurations are compared to outputs from commercially-available software for sizing solar pumping systems. The results show that the model successfully captures the nuances in crop type, local weather patterns, and hydraulic system layout between different cases. This offers a greater level of flexibility than commercially available software, which tends to have broader applications and focuses on larger systems. Future model generations will add more variables to the optimization scheme — including pump selection, variable emitter flow rates and pipe geometries — to provide a versatile design tool for cost-optimized, solar-powered drip irrigation systems.
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Reports on the topic "Crop irrigation"

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Knight, Lynn, and Suzy Hodgson. Irrigation Pays in Protecting Vegetable Crop Revenues in the Northeast U.S. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6956538.ch.

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Climate records show that the Northeast is experiencing more rainfall. However, much of the additional precipitation is occurring as heavy events, leaving intervening periods of hot and dry weather. With this extreme and variable wet weather taking its toll on farms, a key question is: Does crop irrigation make sense as a farm resilience strategy given_name the overall increased precipitation in the Northeast?
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Schattman, Rachel, and Joshua Faulkner. How much is enough? Dialing in irrigation on Northeast diversified vegetable farms. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2019.6848335.ch.

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Ragasa, Catherine, Kristi Mahrt, Zin Wai Aung, Isabel Lambrecht, and Jessica Scott. Gender, crop diversification, and nutrition in irrigation catchment areas in the central dry zones in Myanmar: Implications for agricultural development support. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133802.

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Salazar, Lina, Ana Claudia Palacios, Michael Selvaraj, and Frank Montenegro. Using Satellite Images to Measure Crop Productivity: Long-Term Impact Assessment of a Randomized Technology Adoption Program in the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003604.

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This study combines three rounds of surveys with remote sensing to measure long-term impacts of a randomized irrigation program in the Dominican Republic. Specifically, Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 satellite images are used to measure the causal effects of the program on agricultural productivity, measured through vegetation indices (NDVI and OSAVI). To this end, 377 plots were analyzed (129 treated and 248 controls) for the period from 2011 to 2019. Following a Differencein-Differences (DD) and Event study methodology, the results confirmed that program beneficiaries have higher vegetation indices, and therefore experienced a higher productivity throughout the post-treatment period. Also, there is some evidence of spillover effects to neighboring farmers. Furthermore, the Event Study model shows that productivity impacts are obtained in the third year after the adoption takes place. These findings suggest that adoption of irrigation technologies can be a long and complex process that requires time to generate productivity impacts. In a more general sense, this study reveals the great potential that exists in combining field data with remote sensing information to assess long-term impacts of agricultural programs on agricultural productivity.
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Alemu, Dawit, and Tirhas Kinfe. Responses of Rice Farmers Engaged in Vegetable Production: Implications of the Collapse of Vegetable Prices in the Fogera Plain. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.017.

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Since the early 1980s, the Fogera Plain has been one of Ethiopia's major rice production areas. The introduction of rice, its commercialisation and the subsequent increased surplus production has led to the ability of smallholder rice farmers to intensify their production through diverse investments, mainly in supplementary irrigation. This has also enabled rice farmers to diversify crop production, mainly during the off-season, through the production of high-value crops like vegetables. Despite this expansion, a recent visit to the Fogera Plain by the authors revealed that most smallholder rice farmers were not able to sell their onions due to the collapse of local markets. To investigate this collapse further, this paper follows the authors' investigation of farmer investments in producing onion, their responses to the collapse of the onion market, and the implications for rural livelihood improvement within the Fogera Plain.
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Terry Brown, Jeffrey Morris, Patrick Richards, and Joel Mason. Effects of Irrigating with Treated Oil and Gas Product Water on Crop Biomass and Soil Permeability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1007996.

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Shallow ground-water quality beneath row crops and orchards in the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project area, Washington. US Geological Survey, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri974238.

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