Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Croissance induite par germination'
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DEVISSE, FRANCK. "Preparation par germination-croissance de catalyseurs bimetalliques molybdene palladium sur alumine gamma." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066551.
Full textArnault, Jean-Charles. "Etude de la germination-croissance de couches d'or élaborées par mixing dynamique." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2269.
Full textFan, Yinan. "Rational synthesis of plasmonic/catalytic bimetallic nanocrystals for catalysis." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS189.pdf.
Full textAmong several nanocatalysts, those based on noble metal NPs deserve particular attention because of their electronic, chemical and even optical properties (in the case of plasmonic-enhanced transformations). Platinum or palladium are well known for their remarkable catalytic properties, but they are expensive and their resources are limited. In addition, single component nanocatalysts can only lead to a limited range of chemical reactions. Thus, our strategy was to develop bimetallic nanocatalysts composed of two metal elements that can exhibit synergistic effects between their physicochemical properties and enhanced catalytic activity. We have thus designed bimetallic nanocatalysts of the core-shell type composed of a silver core and a platinum shell. The interest is to combine the high and efficient catalytic activities of the platinum shell surface with the highly energetic silver core capable of enhancing the activities of the shell through its plasmonic properties. In addition, these bimetallic NPs often exhibit superior catalytic activity due to the modification of the Pt-Pt atomic bonding distance (i.e. the strain effect). In this thesis work, Ag@Pt NPs have been synthesized via a two-step process using chemically synthesized spherical Ag NPs as seeds on the one hand and platinum complexes with oleylamine on the other hand which are then reduced on the surface of the seeds at a controlled temperature. Different Ag seed sizes from 8 to 14 nm with a very low size distribution (<10%) have been obtained by adjusting the reaction time, temperature ramp, Ag precursor concentration and final temperature during the synthesis. The control of the shell thicknesses (from 1 to 6 atomic layers) has been possible by adjusting the ratio of platinum precursor to silver seed concentrations. The catalytic activity of the core-shell Ag@Pt NPs was tested by a model reaction of reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by NaBH4 in aqueous phase. We have observed that the thickness of the Pt shell and the size of the Ag core influence the catalytic properties and led increased catalytic activity compared to pure silver or platinum. This was attributed to synergistic effects. Furthermore, we have observed an enhancement of the catalytic activity of Ag and Ag@Pt NPs under light irradiation. This is correlated to the generation of hot electrons in the Ag core. Finally, in order to develop a supported nanocatalysis platform, 3D self-assemblies also called supercrystals composed of Ag@Pt nanoparticles have been spontaneously obtained after deposition on a solid substrate due to their narrow size distribution and homogeneous shape. The catalytic activity of these supercrystals for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been studied by following in situ by optical microscopy the production of H2 gas nanobubbles. Three distinct behaviors in photo-catalytic activity (activity, intermittent activity and non-activity) have been observed on the supercrystals in the same region of interest. In addition, 50% of the assemblies were determined to be active for HER which was shown to be accompanied by oxidative corrosion of silver
MATHIEU, ANNE-LAURE. "Caracterisation de mutants resistants a l'apoptose induite par privation en facteur de croissance." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSL0175.
Full textCochepin, Benoit. "Synthèse de carbure de titane par combustion auto-propagée : germination, croissance et stabilisation de nanostructures." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2311.
Full textThe main goal of this study is to better understand physico-chemical phenomena during SHS reactions. The quench method enabled us to characterize the product microstructure during transitional steps of the TiC synthesis. First seeds of carbide nucleate on C particles from a titanium liquid phase. Thanks to WDS, we showed that TiC grain composition and size continuously increases until it reaches the stoichiometry and its equilibrium size. The grain growth occurs also with other phenomena which lead to the broadening of the grain size distribution but also to a lognormal type distribution. Infrared thermography enabled us to show that the final grain size is controlled by convolution of temperature and time. Thus, the stabilization of nano-TiC can be achieved by increasing the number of nucleation sites and by decreasing the combustion temperature. We showed the ability to stabilize grains of nano-TiC by adding nanostructured diluents to mechanically activated reactant mixtures
Delaunay, Rudy. "Croissance moléculaire dans des agrégats d’hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques induite par des collisions avec des ions." Caen, 2016. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01640994.
Full textBrun, Catherine. "Modélisation de la cinétique de réduction d'oxydes d'uranium par l'hydrogène. Réactivités de germination et de croissance." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842470.
Full textManes, Gae͏̈l. "Slap (Src-like adaptor protein)régulateur négatif de la croissance cellulaire induite par les tyrosine kinases." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON1T019.
Full textROZENBAUM, JEAN-PHILIPPE. "Etude de la croissance d'agregats et de films minces a proprietes catalytiques induite par pulverisation plasma." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2020.
Full textMouton, Thomas. "Analyse des processus de nucléation et de croissance des particules de suie dans des flammes par fluorescence induite par laser en jet froid appliquée aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et par incandescence induite par laser." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10150/document.
Full textSoot particles emitted during fuel combustion have an important impact on global warming and health. Therefore, the improvement of the knowledge on soot particle formation mechanisms in flames shows an important environmental interest. However, this mechanism is not fully understood. Indeed, the nucleation step, forming primary particles (nuclei) from gaseous PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons), is still speculative and needs accurate experimental data to be fully understood. In this work, two experimental techniques based on laser diagnostics have been implemented, the Jet-Cooled Laser Induced Fluorescence (JCLIF) and the Laser Induced Incandescence (LII), respectively for the measurement of PAHs (naphthalene, pyrene and fluoranthene) and soot particles formed in low-pressure CH4/O2/N2 flames and atmospheric pressure C2H4/air flames. These results offer an original experimental database for the improvement of the understanding of the main chemical pathways leading to soot particle formation. Besides, we also highlight the possibility of generating nucleation flames, i.e flames in which soot particles are essentially formed by nucleation, without growth by soot surface processes. In this thesis, we show that these specific flame conditions could be a unique test case, very well suited for the understanding of the soot nucleation process
Fiawoo, Marie-Faith. "Etude par microscopie électronique en transmission de la germination et la croissance des nanotubes de carbone synthétisés par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112131.
Full textSingle-wall carbon nanotubes can grow from nanoparticles either by high temperature processes (> 3000°), or low temperature processes (< 1200°C). In this thesis we tried to answer a few questions about the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes synthetized by chemical vapour deposition. We tented to understand the link between some parameters’synthesis and the change in the yield of few walls carbon nanotubes using a transmission electron microscope and its analysing tools. We have been studying the different stages of growth and identified indirectly the growth but also the destruction phenomena. Trough this study we deduce as well the role of hydrogen, already known by nanotubes’ growth community, but also the role of an underlay of titanium. Besides, for the first time, this work shows that tangential and parallel nucleation and growth on nanoparticles smaller than 5 nm are often possible
Gourgouillon, Noëlle. "Influence de divers additifs sur la germination-croissance de la phase Cu3Si formée par réaction Si-CuC." Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS057.
Full textBafoil, Maxime. "Stimulation de la germination des graines et de la croissance des plantes par plasmas froids à la pression atmosphérique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30208.
Full textThis work is part of the convergence of the fields of plasma physics and plant biology. The objective of this thesis is to contribute answers to the mechanisms involved in the effects of cold plasmas at atmospheric pressure on the germination and development of plants. The plant model in plant biology Arabidopsis thaliana is used; by considering the reference genotype Col-0 and several of its mutants (gl2 and gpat5) in order to better highlight the effect of plasma, in particular on osmotic and saline stresses. For the direct treatment of seeds to promote germination, air plasmas are used. Indirect treatment for growth stimulation uses plasma-activated water (PAW) thanks to helium plasma jets. The results show a positive effect of the plasma treatment of air generated by a dielectric barrier discharge device on a floating electrode (FE-DBD) and also a corona device in ambient air. These direct treatments allow an increase in the germination rate but above all an increase in the speed of germination. Analysis of the seed permeability revealed a change in the seed surface due to a physical effect of the plasma on the surface. Analysis of the surface residues shows a change in lipid composition. This being strongly correlated with germination; these results allow the identification of an understanding track of the effects of plasmas on the germination of seeds. In a second part, the indirect treatment of plants with PAW has the effect of increasing the growth rate. The plasma creating a certain number of reactive species of oxygen and nitrogen (in particular nitrates and nitrites) acts as a fertilizer stimulating the growth of plants
Cloutier, Marc. "Études des mécanismes biomoléculaires de la croissance pulmonaire induite par l'occlusion trachéale : importance du sentier Rho/ROCK." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27854/27854.pdf.
Full textIndrajith, Suvasthika. "Croissance moléculaire induite dans les agrégats d'hydrocarbures linéaires par la collision avec des ions et des électrons." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC201.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis concerns the experimental study in gas phase of the collisions between low energy ionizing particles and weakly bonded, neutral clusters of linear hydrocarbons. The purpose of these experiments was to analyze the processes subsequent to the energy and charge transfers during the collision, which are the fragmentation and molecular growth via the formation of covalently bonded molecules forming these clusters. The experimental work in this manuscript has shed light on the respective roles of electronic ionization and the nuclear and electronic stopping powers of projectiles on growth mecanisms within the clusters. To this end, the studies were carried out with low energy ion beams (keV) supplied by GANIL (Caen), which represents the majority of the results presented here, and experiments using electrons were also carried out at the J. Heyrovsky Institute of Chemistry - Physics (Prague, Czech Republic)
Jacquemin, Virginie. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires impliqués dans l'hypertrophie des myotubes humains induite par l'IGF-1." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077195.
Full textIGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth factor 1) is a growth factor secreted by the liver in response to GH, but also expressed locally in muscle where it plays a key role in the control of muscle mass. Overexpressed in the muscle of mice, IGF-1 induces muscle hypertrophy and prevents the loss of muscle mass that occurs with aging. In the present study, the ability of IGF-1 to induce myotube hypertrophy has been confirmed in a model of primary human myoblasts. By treating cultures with IGF-1 after 3 days of differentiation, we developed a model of human myotube hypertrophy independent of cell proliferation and charaterized by an increase in fusion index, resulting from the increased recruitment of reserve cells for differentiation and fusion. Using this model, we show that IGF-1 exclusively signals on myotubes but not on reserve cells, suggesting the existence of a secondary mechanism triggered by the myotubes inducing reserve cell recruitment for fusion. Using conditioned medium we observed that a soluble factor secreted by myotubes is responsible for this increase in reserve cell recruitment for fusion in response to IGF-1. This factor was identified as Interleukin-13 using a neutralizing antibody and exogenous treatment. We demonstrate that the expression of IL-13 is induced via the transcription factor NFATcl in response to IGF-1, and is responsible for the increased recruitment of reserve cells for fusion during human myotube hypertrophy induced by IGF-1
Bouleau, Perez-Oyarzun Sylvina. "Etude de l'activité protectrice du FGF1 intracellulaire vis-à-vis de l'apoptose induite par p53." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS0015.
Full textThe p53 oncosuppresive protein and the growth factors, like FGF1, are essential to control the cell cycle and apoptosis. Study of the relationship between these two proteins, in embryo fibroblasts and sympathetic like neurons, had shown that FGF1 protein can inhibit the pro-apoptotic activity of p53 by an intracrine pathway. FGF1 factor inhibits p53 stability and its transcriptional activity, notably on bax (fibroblasts) and puma (neurons) genes. PUMA and NOXA are BH3-only pro-apoptotic proteins of the BCL-2 family that induce the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis
Phulpin, Bérengère. "Modélisation de dégénérescence tissulaire radio-induite et conceptualisation de réhabilitation des tissus irradiés par thérapie cellulaire." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10064/document.
Full textRadiation therapy induced acute and late sequelae within healthy tissue included in the irradiated area. In general, lesions are characterized by ischemia, cell apoptosis and fibrosis. In this context, cell therapy using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) might represent an attractive new therapeutic approach, based partly on their angiogenic ability and their involvement in the natural processes of tissue repair. The first part of this work consisted in the development of experimental mouse model of radio-induced tissue degeneration similar to that occurring after radiotherapy. The aim was to better understand the physiopathological mechanisms of radiation-induced tissue damage and to determine the best treatment strategy. The second part of this work investigated the feasibility of autologous BMSC therapy on the murine model of radiation previously established with emphasis on two pre-requisites : the retention of the injected cells within the target tissue and the evaluation of the graft on bone metabolism. This preclinical investigation in a mouse model constitutes an essential step allowing an evaluation of the benefit of cell therapy for the treatment of radiation-induced tissue injury. Data from these studies could allow the proposal of clinical studies
Bouleti, Claire. "ANGPTL4 et protection de la perméabilité vasculaire induite par l'hypoxie : applications dans l'IDM et et l'AVC." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066605.
Full textAngiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) belongs to the angiopoietin protein family that regulates vascular permeability and that is induces by hypoxia. During myocardial infarction and stroke, a microvascular dysfonction named no-reflow is linked to a bad clinic prognosis. Its physiopathology is complex, but the role of vascular permeability in this process seems to be central. This thesis treats the potential protective effect of ANGPTL4 on the no-reflow phenomenon via inhibition of vascular permeability induced by ischemia and will be presented in 3 parts : 1) A study of ANGPTL4 effects during myocardial infarction in the mouse model. We have characterised an increased vascular permeability linked to a loss of endothelial cell junction integrity in angptl4 deficient mice, leading to an increased no-reflow phenomenon effect and an increase of infracted zone in comparison to a control group. 2) A study of ANGPTL4 effects during ischemic stroke in the mouse model. I used wild type mice treated or not with ANGPTL4. ANGPTL4 treatment diminished infracted area size and have a protective effect on neurological loss consequent to stroke due to the maintenance of the blood brain barrier integrity and so an inhibition of vascular leakage and a diminished cerebral oedema in the infracted area. In term of mechanistic, the inhibition of VEGF induced vascular permeability is due to activation of Src kinase pathway by ANGPTL4 and its sequestration far from VEGF receptor VEGFR2. This process inhibits the dissociation of VEGFR2/VE-Cadherin complex mediated by the VEGF. This competition mechanism in between ANGPTL4 and VEGF for Src activation is dependant of PI3K/Akt activation by ANGPTL4. 3) In parallel of these interesting experimental findings, I led a clinical study to identify the potential role of ANGPTL4 during no-reflow phenomenon in human. To do so, I dosed, with a home made ELISA assay that I developed, the serum level of ANGPTL4 from 41 patients in the acute phase of myocardial infaction. The no-reflow phenomenon has been evaluated by myocardial MRI at day 52 post-infarction. Low levels of circulating ANGPTL4 are an independent predictive parameter of the no-reflow phenomenon, confirming the protective effect of ANGPTL4 in human also. These translational data should open new insights in prevention research of the no-reflow phenomenon
Ibn, Charaa Mohammed. "Etude de la synthèse du diamant sur silicium par PVD assistée aux ions : nouveaux processus de germination et croissance." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2354.
Full textGrout, Pascale. "Inhibition de la germination des spores et de la croissance hyphale du Mucor globosus par Penicillium candidum : caractérisation du médiateur chimique." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10044.
Full textRichez, Elisabeth. "Germination et croissance de graminées sur des sols pollués par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : implications en écotoxicologie et en phytomanagement." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0043.
Full textThe research concerns the interactions between vegetation and industrial soils contamined with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The approach in situ is based on a phytosociological analysis of the present herbaceous plants on a fallow land of cokeworks combined with physio-chemical soil data. This study shows that there is no particular herbaceous vegetation related to the presence of the HAP in the soil. The experimental approach is based on the study of the development of two grasses, Lolium perenne and Alopecurus Myosuroides. On the polluted soil, a germination delay and a slower development of the roots of grasses are observed. However, no important effects of contaminants on the growth of the abroveground plant parts. The analysis of the contents of HAP in grasses, cultivated in a controlled environment with the atmosphere and the soil separated, shows that grasses are mainly contaminated through the roots. However, no phenomenon of bioaccumulation is observed. Furthermore, a translocation of a part of contaminants of the roots towards the abroveground plants parts is revealed. Long-term attempts show variations of behavior in the transfer of pollutants towards the air parts when plants are cultivated alone or together. In mixed culture, pollutants are almost not absorbed by Lolium perenne. On the contrary, Alopecurus myosuroides transfers in the stalks important quantities of HAP. Furthermore, these longer cultures, showed that the addition of a layer of healthy earth on the polluted soil limits strongly the contamination of vegetation. The question of the impact of vegetation on the decontamination of soils used during the experiments is analysed. The total concentrations of HAP are not significantly decreased after one year of Lolium perenne’s culture. Meanwhile, the concentrations of some contaminants like the benzo[g,h,i]perylene decrease, due to the simulation of microorganisms by the grasses
Côté, Maxime. "Régulation de la migration des cellules endothéliales induite par le VEGF via la phosphorylation de l'annexine 1 par la LIM kinase 1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27016/27016.pdf.
Full textCampa, Fanny. "Nouvelle interaction des protéines PIX et Abi-1 interagissant avec PAK et leur rôle dans la réorganisation du cytosquelette induite par des facteurs de croissance." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22059.
Full textFiawoo, Marie-Faith. "Etude par microscopie électronique en transmission de la germination et de la croissance des nanotubes de carbone synthétisés à moyenne température." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439903.
Full textMarteau, Léna. "Etude des effets des facteurs angiogéniques, angiopoïétines-1 et -2, sur la neurogenèse développementale et induite par une ischémie." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN3050.
Full textRecently, the concept of angioneurins has emerged to define a molecule that can act on both the vascular and the nervous system. Angiopoietin-1 and -2, originally described as specific to the vascular bed and playing a major role during its setup, belong to this family. However, no data have been reported on the effect of Angiopoietins during neuronal network setup. In the present study, we highlight a role of Angiopoietins on embryonic cortical neurogenesis and particularly on radial migration of projection neurons, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of a neurovascular niche in the embryonic brain. Furthermore, we show a role of Angiopoietins in another step of neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, in an adult neuronal differentiation model, PC12 cells. We show that β1 integrin, rather than Tie2, is involved in the neurotrophic effect of Angiopoietins. The understanding of the mechanisms linking the vascular and the neuronal networks is particularly important to propose new treatments for pathologies such as stroke. Indded, in this pathology, vascular insult leads to neuronal death and angiogenesis and neurogenesis occur concomitantly to allow tissue repair. We observed no effect of Angiopoietins on post-ischemic cellular reactions but a protective role of Ang2 in the acute phase of stroke that might partly be explained by a protection of the blood brain barrier from the ischemic insult. Taken together, our results yield new arguments to support that Angiopoietins belong to the family of angioneurins in physiological and pathological conditions. Accordingly, Angiopoietins might be potential therapeutic targets for cerebral pathologies
Peltier, Julie. "Implication du TGF-BETA1 et des calpaïnes dans la glomérulopathie induite par les anticorps anti-membrane basale glomérulaire." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077129.
Full textInflammatory process in qlomerulonephritis is regulated by many mediators. Of them, transforming qrowth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) may act as an anti-inflammatory agent. In contrary, calpain, a calcium-activated neutral cysteine protease, participates in the development of inflammation. We first demonstrate that TGF-β1 increase glucocorticoid receptor (GR) synthesis by macrophages after activation of Smad 2/3 and AP-1. And increase the ability of GR to deactivate macrophages. Second, we show that in glomerulonephritis, calpain activity is increased in the kidney cortex, and that in parallel. Active calpains appear in the urines. These calpains oriqinate mainly from abnormal transglomerular passage of plasma proteins and from tubular secretion. Active calpains in the renal cortex promote glomerular injury through activation of NF-KB. While urinary calpains are responsible for the shedding of nephrin from the surface of podocytes. Thereby worsening proteinura
Salles, Jean-Pierre. "Etude du rôle des annexines dans la modulation des phospholipases A2 et la tyrosine phosphorylation induite par divers facteurs de croissance." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30216.
Full textBinetruy, Bernard. "Fonctions virales impliquées dans la progression tumorale induite par le virus du papillome bovin de type 1 dans le fibroblaste de rat." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4238.
Full textBedoui, Salma. "Imageries spectroscopique et optique de la dynamique spatio-temporelle de la transition de spin induite par la température ou par une impulsion laser." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1978/.
Full textMolecular spin crossover (SCO) complexes are benchmark examples of materials exhibiting bistability and associated structural phase transitions. The spin crossover phenomenon can be triggered by a variety of external perturbations (temperature change, laser pulse, etc. ) and entails a spectacular change of different physical properties: color, density, magnetic susceptibility and so on. This phenomenon has been deeply characterized using Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, as well as magnetic and optical methods. However, the in situ observations of the nucleation, the evolution of the phase boundaries and the associated changes of the microstructure have been scarcely reported in spin crossover solids. Much remains unknown concerning the nucleation and growth kinetics for cooperative SCO systems. In this context, we aimed to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of the spin transition using Raman spectral and optical imaging of micro-sized single crystals. For our experiments we have chosen the molecular spin crossover compound [FeII(bapbpy)(NCS)2] (bapbpy = N-(6-(6-(pyridin-2-ylamino)pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine). This compound shows a two-step spin transition between the high spin (HS) and low spin (LS) states, where both steps are of first order and accompanied by a hysteresis loop. Optical microscopy studies on this compound allowed us to observe the heterogeneous nucleation of different spin domains and to clearly follow their propagation in single crystals. These results were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and provided us with clear-cut spectroscopic evidence of the coexistence of micro-sized spin state domains. The use of different optical contrast techniques allowed us to determine the velocity of the domain barrier, which was typically around a few micrometers per second. We also carried out also comparative studies of a non cooperative compound [Fe(Meta'Me2(bapbpy)(NCS)2]. In line with the very gradual character of the SCO in this compound, its spin crossover process is accomplished in a homogenous manner without discernible domain formation. These reproducible observations suggest that it may be possible to modulate or even to control the spatiotemporal development of the SCO phenomenon. We demonstrate that it is possible to radically change the spatiotemporal dynamics of a first-order structural phase transition by ablating micrometric surface-relief defects in the crystal surface of [Fe(bapbpy)(NCS)2]. The idea is to ablate a microstructural defect where the nucleation barrier is reduced to such an extent that nucleation occurs preferentially at this site and the new phase is thus expected to propagate from this new point throughout the crystal. So, we report on pre-determined nucleation, guided motion, and trapping of the phase boundary. In parallel, we also studied the spin transition induced by a single nanosecond laser pulse. We carried out a conceptually new investigation where the phase transition was triggered by a spatially localized laser pulse within a comparatively large single crystal. The application of the laser pulse leads to the switching of the molecules from the LS to the HS state and a micro-sized HS nucleus is formed in the photo-excited volume. We show that the whole crystal can be transformed to the new phase from this initial domain thanks to a stress-driven self-amplification process. We point out that the key control parameter for the stability of the laser-induced initial domain is the accommodation strain energy. These results have broad implications for the field of photo induced phase transitions. They reveal that the stress-driven phase boundary motion can be a very efficient, but at the same time a rather slow stage of the overall switching process in cooperative systems
Rola, Marie. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de l'entartrage : recherche des conditions d'une germination homogène par ensemencement." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0001.
Full textPOINDESSOUS, GILLES. "Etude de la germination-croissance du carbonate de calcium par voie electrochimique. Influence de la teneur en oxygene et du transport de matiere." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066293.
Full textChaplais, Elodie. "Etude ADIBOX : adiposité et métabolisme osseux : effets de la perte de poids induite par l'exercice chez les adolescents obèses." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC105/document.
Full textIntroduction: This program of research targeted the impact of an 8-month weight loss intervention induced by physical activity and nutrition on bone health in adolescents with obesity. The overall aim of this thesis was to examine the impact of a lifestyle weight loss intervention on the bone parameters in adolescents with obesity. Method: Sixty-five adolescents were recruited: 31 (6 males) adolescents with obesity in the weight loss intervention (age: 13.61 (1.27)), 23 normal weight (NW) adolescents (age: 15.90 (0.43)) and 11 (4 males) adolescents with obesity in another control group (14.02 (1.39)). Primary outcomes targeted bone densitometry (whole body, spine, hip DXA). Secondary outcomes included body composition, bone geometry and strength (hip structural analysis) and bone biomarkers (procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), C telopeptide (CTx) estradiol, leptin). Data were collected at baseline, 4 months and 8 months. Data were adjusted for body weight, fat mass and lean mass changes.Results: Compared with the NW controls, adolescents with obesity displayed lower unadjusted and adjusted bone density. Following successful weight loss (~ -11%) adolescents with obesity increased whole body (%Ob ∆ 3.22 (3.58) p<0.001) and lumbar spine (%Ob ∆ 6.27 (12.45) p=0.014) BMD. However, values remain lower than their NW peers after adjustment to body weight changes. After the weight loss intervention, compromised estimates of fracture risk remained especially at the narrow neck (buckling ratio (BR) 8.25 (2.00) p=0.005), despite positive adaptations of some geometric properties (i.e. NN CSA, NN Z). Also, bone accretion changes in adolescents with obesity followed an androgen-like adaptation demonstrated by periosteal expansion (% NW ∆ 0.69 (3.71); Ob ∆ 1.67 (9.11)) and endocortical resorption (% NW ∆ -2.11 (11.79); Ob ∆ 4.42 (10.56)). Among the intervention group, differences in bone markers favoured formation during the first 4 months and favoured resorption in the remaining months.Conclusion: Bone fragility in adolescents with obesity was demonstrated by (1) baseline and post intervention lower whole body and regional BMD than NW controls, (2) post-intervention higher fracture risk index at the narrow neck, (3) bone biomarkers showing reduced z-scores, uncoupling indices and qualitative representations of the distribution of bone remodeling. Future investigations of links between bone and obesity during adolescence can be well informed by the results of this thesis
Amal, Youssef Noguera Claudine Fritz Bertrand. "Analyse mathématique et numérique de modèles de germination et de croissance de particules minérales dans un contexte de simulation géochimique au contact de solutions aqueuses." Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/00001045.
Full textAmal, Youssef. "Analyse mathématique et numérique de modèles de germination et de croissance de particules minérales dans un contexte de simulation géochimique au contact de solutions aqueuses." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13126.
Full textMost geochemical models considering the interactions between rocks ans solutions include thermodynamic equilibrium relationships between solid phases and aqueous solutions, and address the kinetic problems by introducing rates of growth and dissolution, but usually they describe the step of nucleation only empirically. Such models assume that the particules begin to nucleate with a fixed size, once the saturation exceeds a critical value. Moreover, their growth or re-dissolution rate is usually assumed independent of their size, which does not allow describing some effects such as Ostwald ripening. A new model was proposed by Noguera and al. (2006) to correct this weakness. It is controlled by a system of highly non-linear integro-differentials equations which combines the effects of : homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation, growth and ripening of particles or their re-dissolution as a function of the evolution of the saturation of the concerned mineral phases in the aqueous solution. Due to the nucleation, the number of particles is numerically a function of time strictly increasing. Moreover, to predict the evolution of the system, it is necessary to know the status of each particle at any moment and to remember the history of its evolution. This is very costly in terms of data storage and data processing. The aim of this thesis was to develop an algorithm of numerical resolution that can perform a fast and accurate calculation in order to introduce it in the fluid-rock interactions simulation model, taking into account the germination and growth of pure mineral phases or phases whose composition may vary during their formation, like sollids solutions. The resulting software is called "Nanokin". This approach allows following the size evolution of each particle, as a function of time. It also describes the contribution of each particle to the entire population of particles (number of particles, number of moles)
Amarir, Samira. "L' activation constitutive de la voie Notch supprime la transformation induite par v-Src : implication de la signalisation TGF-β." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077010.
Full textUnderstanding how disruption of differentiation contributes to the cancer cell phenotype is required to identify alterations essential for malignant transformation and provide experimental basis for their correction. We have been using quail neuroretina cells transformed by v-Sr6 (QNR/v-src), as an ex vivo model to study this question. We report that stable activation of Notch signalling, which is involved in retina differentiation, suppresses v-Src-induced transformation of QNR cells. This phenotypic reversion coincides with a major switch in cell identity, since these undifferentiated cells acquire glial differentiation traits. Cells restored to a normal and differentiated phénotype hâve undergone changes in the functioning of JNK and Rho/Rac GTPases pathways, which essentially regulate cell morphology and cytoskeleton organization. This phenotypic reversion is partially mediated by an auto/paracrine mechanism, since revertant cells secrete a factor, which inhibits transformation properties of QNR/v-src cells. Transcriptome anlaysis revealed an increase of TGFβ3 RNA in QNR/v-src/Notch cells. This increase is associated with an activation of TGFβ signalling in these cells. Treatment of QNR/v-src cells with a TGFβ3 recombinant protein or chemical inhibition of TGFβ signaling in QNR/v-src/Notch showed that TGFβ signalling is involved in restoration of normal morphology and cytoskeleton organization but also, in part, in commitment to glial differentiation
Lejeune, Pascale. "Rôle du monoxyde d'azote dans la croissance tumorale et dans la régression tumorale induite par une immunothérapie, dans un modèle de cancer colique chez le rat." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T052.
Full textMackenbach, Loue Petra. "Translocation nucléaire de la protéine kinase CK2 induite par les facteurs de croissance et surexpression d'une forme anormale de la kinase dans les tumeurs du sein." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10164.
Full textSmida-Rezgui, Sophia. "Analyse du signal calcique des MAP kinases et de l'expression des intégrines dans la régulation de l'apoptose induite par l'EGF dans la lignée cellulaire tumorale humaine A431." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2000AIX20671.pdf.
Full textBurgy, Olivier. "Fibrogenèse pulmonaire induite par la toxicité de la bléomycine et son point de départ sous-pleural." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS009/document.
Full textIdiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF) is a rare and devastating disease without efficient treatment at this time. Idiopathic FP is characterized by accumulation of myofibroblasts and has a typical sub-pleural onset suggesting a role of the pleura in the disease. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-ß1 induces transformation of pleural mesothelial cells (PMC) into active cells exhibiting myofibroblast phenotype. Heat shock proteins can act as regulator of the TGF-ß1 signaling. A role for caspase-1/IL-1ß axis has already been described in animal models of PF.The heat shock protein AlphaB-crystallin has been studied in PF at the PMC level and the importance of caspase-1/IL-1ß axis has been investigated specifically in lung structural cells in the context of bleomycin (BLM) toxicity.AlphaB-crystallin is overexpressed by PMC during idiopathic PF. Its inhibition in mice interferes with PMC transformation and subsequent migration in pleuro-pulmonary fibrosis. In BLM-induced PF in mice, caspase-1 is activated in sub-pleural areas. In vitro, caspase-1 has a crucial role in the transformation process of PMC. Activation of caspase-1 triggers fibrotic response in mice. In a second part, we show that a deglycosylated form of BLM, which failed to promote caspase-1 activation, is unable to trigger PF but stills have an anti-tumor activity. Deglyco-BLM does not induce pyroptosis, a caspase-1 dependent cell death, in alveolar epithelial cells.Our data suggest that AlphaB-crystallin and caspase-1/IL-1ß could represent interesting therapeutic targets in idiopathic as well as BLM-induced PF. We also bring a proof of concept for the use of deglyco-BLM as a less toxic alternative to BLM in cancer therapy
Ma, Yang. "Étude de la formation et de l'activité catalytique de nanoparticules durant les premiers instants de la croissance de nanotubes de carbone par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par aérosol." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC047/document.
Full textDue to the outstanding properties in various aspects, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) received worldwide attentions and intensive investigations are carried out in the last decades. While the number of applications as well as the quantity demanded of CNTs are increasing year after year, to achieve large scale production of the desired structures in a controlled way, it is highly required having a clear understanding about the CNTs growth mechanism. In this study, the formation and catalytic activity of nanoparticles (NPs) under aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is experimentally investigated, aiming to study the NPs evolution process and their relation with the CNTs products.In chapter 1, we provide a general review of CNTs structures, synthesis methods, properties as well as applications. Moreover, the current situation of CNTs growth mechanism study is presented.In chapter 2, the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition synthesis system, and the in-situ/ex-situ diagnostic methods used in this study are introduced. Laser induced incandescence technique (LII) is particularly explained in this chapter, which permits to achieve an in-situ diagnostic of the NPs quantity/size during the synthesis process.In chapter 3, the evolution of NPs during the synthesis is presented, in which the influences of different CVD parameters (temperature, carbon/catalyst quantity, gas composition etc.) on the droplets as well as on the NPs are investigated respectively. A NPs formation model is proposed based on the NPs variation information at the end of this chapter.In chapter 4, the experimental results of the gas composition evolution in chemical vapor deposition reactor are revealed, which reflect the gas phase chemical reactions information during the CNTs synthesis.In chapter 5, a detailed investigation about the influence of CVD parameters on the CNTs products is explained. And the relation between the NPs and CNTs is discussed.In the end, general conclusions are formed according to works and perspectives are provided for the improvement of the future work
Di, Napoli Paolo. "Modélisation des évolutions microstructurales par changement de phases dans les alliages de titane [bêta] - métastables." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL070N/document.
Full textA model has been developed which is able to predict the kinetics of beta → alpha transformation in industrial multi component titanium alloys during complex heat treatments. The model is based on: (i) a simple geometric representations of the different morphologies commonly observed in these alloys (parent α grains, α allotriomorphs (at grain boundaries), αcolonies and intragranular α precipitates); (ii) analytical nucleation and growth laws for each morphology of α phase; (iii) the assumption of local equilibrium at interfaces, handled within the CalPhaD framework; (iv) averaged solute balances in each morphology. Diffusion of solutes in both phases is considered. We thus obtain the transformation kinetics as well as mean size parameters and mean chemical composition for each morphology of the product α phase (at grain boundaries, colonies and intragranular precipitates. Calculations performed are at first presented for a ternary TiVO alloy emphasizing the potentialities of the model. The relationships between growth conditions, role of diffusion in each phase, and chemical composition for each morphology are analyzed upon isothermal holdings, cooling from the beta phase field and more complex cooling-heating sequence. The model is further used on the Ti17 industrial and results are compared to experimental transformation kinetics and microstructures
Dunand, Christophe. "Perception d'un signal xyloglucane par des protéines membranaires et mise en évidence d'activité xyloglucane endotransglycosylane induite." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10111.
Full textBaynast, Hélène de. "Elaboration de couches de nitrure de titane par dépôt chimique à partir de la phase gazeuse : étude de la croissance et caractérisation." Paris, ENSAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENAM0034.
Full textLannou, Christian. "Etude par la simulation de l'efficacite d'un melange varietal pour limiter le developpement des epidemies. Effet de la croissance des lesions du parasite, role de la resistance induite." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112302.
Full textKechid, Maya. "Implication des gènes de transporteurs de nitrate NRT2.1, NRT2.5 et NRT2.6 dans la réponse de stimulation de croissance induite par la bactérie rhizosphérique Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196 chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20265.
Full textAbstractThe promotion of plant growth and nutrition by some rhizospheric bacteria (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, PGPR) is well known for a long time. However, the signaling pathways involved in the plant responses to these bacteria still remain essentially obscure. Our study aims at identifying molecular factors of plant physiological and developmental responses induced by PGPR. For this goal, we used the PGPR strain Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196, which has been isolated from rape rhizosphere, and the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana. This PGPR stimulates lateral root and root hair elongation and induce an increase of plant biomass production. Two genes of the NRT2 family of nitrate transporters, namely NRT2.5 and NRT2.6, are strongly overexpressed upon inoculation of Arabidopsis with STM196. The function of NRT2.5 and NRT2.6 is not known. However, transcriptomic data obtained in our team show that these two genes are promising candidates of the molecular responses to STM196. In addition, previous work in our team showed antagonistic effects of STM196 and exogenous nitrate on root development, showing that the effects of the bacteria must be considered together with those of nitrate nutrition. Since NRT2.1 is the major transporter for NO3- uptake, we looked at its role in the plant response to STM196 and its possible relationship with NRT2.5 and NRT2.6. We carried out a reverse genetic approach using the single mutants ko nrt2.1, ko nrt2.6 and ko nrt2.5 available at the moment this thesis work began and the double mutants nrt2.5xnrt2.6, nrt2.1xnrt2.6 and nrt2.1xnrt2.5 we generated. We demonstrated that NRT2.5 and NRT2.6 are involved in plant growth stimulation by STM196 and the root architecture changes elicited by this bacterium. This NRT2.5/NRT2.6-dependent pathway is independent from the regulations exerted by N nutritional status. Key words: Plant-microorganism interaction, Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196, Arabidopsis thaliana, nitrate transporter, NRT2.1, NRT2.5, NRT2.6, nitrate reductase activity, NR1, genes expression
Mysoet, Julien. "Rôle de l’IGF-1 dans la plasticité corticale et l’altération de la performance motrice induite par l’hypodynamie-hypokinésie." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S026/document.
Full textHypodynamia-hypokinesia is a condition in which the motor activity (hypodynamia) as well as the weight exerted on the lower limbs (hypokinesia) are reduced. In humans, this condition is induced in immobilization, bed-rest, spaceflight or ageing (immobility syndrome) and is characterized by a chronic reduction in neuromuscular activity. This hypoactivity results in a profound alteration of motor task performances, in particular posture, gait and locomotion. These impairments are due to alterations in the muscular system (atrophy, phenotypic changes), but also to plastic changes in neural functions (cortical reorganization, alterations in cortical excitability, morphologic modifications). While degradation of the muscular system is described in the literature, the mechanisms involved in cortical plasticity are still unclear. A better understanding of the systems involved in hypodynamia-hypokinesia would allow the development of preventive and / or recovery strategies for patients affected by this hypoactivity. In this regard, hindlimb unloading is a disuse rodent model in which the elevation of the hindlimbs, during 14 days, prevents the weight to be normally exerted on the hindlimbs and reduces the normal muscular activity, finally causing hypoactivity. Studies performed on this model have shown that hindlimb unloading and human hypoactivity have similar effects. Today, our interest is turned towards insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a ubiquitous protein involved in many cerebral functions. Indeed, IGF-1 is known to improve, inter alia, angiogenesis, neurogenesis and to be involved in synaptic plasticity in the whole brain. Moreover, several publications suggest that IGF-1 might mediate the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain.The aim of this study is to characterize the role of IGF-1 in cortical reorganization induced by hindlimb unloading as well as its functional consequences on motor performance. In the first part of the study, we have determined the effects of hindlimb unloading on IGF-1 level and the impact of its downstream main molecular pathways in motor control (sensorimotor cortex, striatum, cerebellum). Our results indicate that hindlimb unloading induces a decrease in IGF-1 level specifically in the sensorimotor cortex. This alteration is associated to a decrease in activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. The second part of this study is dedicated to the effects of a restoration of IGF-1 levels, during the whole unloading period, on cortical reorganization and behavioral alterations focusing on sensory cortex and tactile sensory discrimination as well as motor cortex and motor performances. Our results show that treatment with IGF-1 partially prevents cortical reorganization and degradation of tactile sensory discrimination. Additionally, it appears that restoration IGF-1 levels prevent some of the effects of hindlimb unloading on the motor system.Taken together, ours results suggest that the decrease in the level of IGF-1 in the sensorimotor cortex during hindlimb unloading plays a key role in the cortical reorganization induced by hypoactivity. Moreover, our study shows that the prevention of this cortical reorganization, even when partial, can induce functional improvement in motor performance
Faucher, Marc-André. "Évaluation de l’influence de l’éclairement de croissance et de la température de surface des océans sur le rendement quantique de la fluorescence de la chlorophylle a induite par le soleil." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7701.
Full textAbstract : The current generation of Earth-orbiting sensors allows us to measure Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. Coupled with phytoplankton absorption and incident irradiance, it is possible to derive the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence. This information could be very helpful as the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence is influenced by algal photophysiology. Here we evaluate the influence of the growth irradiance and of the sea surface temperature on the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence. Results show that with increasing growth irradiance, the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence decreases, pointing to an increase in non-photochemical quenching due to photoacclimation/photoadaptation by phytoplankton in high light environments. The sea surface temperature below 6°C was shown to have a significant impact on the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence. Below this temperature, a group of pixels was identified for which the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence was essentially constant at low values. This could potentially point to a wider ecosystemic/community related phenomenon. Simulations with a three-dimensional lookup table (i.e., growth irradiance, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll concentration) demonstrate the impact of these parameters on the global distribution of the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence. The model successfully reproduced some zones of low and high yield. Departures from the predicted values are likely pointing to physiological processes that are independent of temperature and growth irradiance.
Lamara, Tarek. "Etude des plasmas micro-ondes pulsés CH4-H2 en vue de l'optimisation de la croissance de films de diamant : Application à la réalisation de dispositifs à ondes acoustiques de surface." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10187.
Full textThis work consists of studying H2-CH4 MPACVD process, operating at high power in continuous and pulsed mode. Plasma characterisation is carried out, thanks to diagnostic techniques such as: OES, Double pulses technique and LIF. The aim of this study is to understand the basic phenomena which control the kinetics of the reactive species responsible of diamond growth. Diamond films are characterised by: SEM, AFM and Raman spectroscopy. Correlations between the plasma parameters and the films properties, their chemical quality and the growth rate, are established. The elaborated freestanding diamond films, were useful for development of surface acoustic devices (SAW) devices with multi-layer structure ZnO/IDT/Diamond. The propagation velocity of surface acoustic waves at ZnO/Diamond interface is estimated from the frequency response of the device. It is around 9700 m. S-1 which is among the highest velocities in this type of structures
Gauthier-Rouvière, Cécile. "Médiateurs précoces de l'activation mitogénique induite par les facteurs de croissance ou l'oncogène ras : implication du facteur de réponse au sérum p67SRF et des protéine kinase C et caséine kinase II dans la régulation transcriptionnelle du gène c-fod." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11247.
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