Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Croissance économique locale'
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Schone, Katharina. "Stratégies d'influences et politiques de maîtrise de la croissance locale." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00575619.
Full textCharruadas, Paulo. "Bruxelles et ses campagnes: croissance économique et actions aristocratiques, haut Moyen Age - XIIIe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210406.
Full textUne première partie fait le point sur la croissance rurale et urbaine, sur ses protagonistes, ses modalités et sa chronologie. Que sait-on de l’espace régional avant l’an mil ?Comment se mettent en place les nouvelles structures seigneuriales laïques et ecclésiastiques attestées dans la région à partir du XIe siècle ?Comment se produisent les débuts du développement urbain pour la même époque ?Une deuxième partie tente de faire le point sur le rôle dans la région du prince territorial. Originaire de Louvain, mais implanté dans la région de Bruxelles dès le XIe siècle, quelle assise foncière y détenait-il ?Quelle politique monastique y a-t-il menée ?Quelle stratégie féodale et clientélaire a-t-il adoptée face à la société régionale en vue de construire et de développer son autorité seigneuriale ?Ce volet se consacre spécialement à l’étude et à l’évolution du groupe aristocratique traditionnel, notamment son rapport au prince et à la ville, de même qu’à l’émergence des nouveaux acteurs sociaux et à leur confrontation avec le prince et la société seigneuriale/The Ph.D Thesis considers the links between the city of Brussels and its countryside, in their economic and social aspects. It studies the impact of the regional space (part of the former pagus of Brabant) on the conditions for urbanisation and the impact of the city on regional structures, particularly aristocratic
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire
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Fadel, Tamman. "La construction d'une métropole dominante - Le problème de l'étalement urbain dans la région Damascène (Syrie)." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1017/document.
Full textNowdays, Urban sprawl is gaining larger attentions by institutions and researchers who are seeking to analyze its effects and the corresponding contributing factors. This PhD thesis focuses on the urban sprawl phenomenon in the region of Damascus (Syria) that is accelerating with time, and threatening the agricultural spaces of Ghouta (the oasis of Damascus). Taking into account the fact of Damascus being the capital of Syria, a very centralized country, we show in this work how the Ghouta agricultural spaces (that are of great importance as declared by the state) are threatened by this urban sprawl. Based on several studies and on data collected from Syrian local institutions, we show that the Damascus region, like the other national metropolis, is subject to the urban spreading general conditions. Finally, this phenomenon can be also mainly explained by other factors termed "specific Damascenes". Therefore, rather considering a simple approach based only on two factors (demographic and economic), the peculiarity of this PhD lies in considering some additional important factors into consideration when analyzing the urban sprawl phenomenon. Those important factors are those related to the political, administrative and sociocultural context (confessional)
Barros, Francisco Ricardo Magalhães. "The role of public policies in the development of broadband infrastructures : The Case of Brazil." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025IPPAT013.
Full textThe liberalization of state monopolies in the electronic communications sector aims to foster a competitive environment that attracts new players and investments through sector-specific regulation. In Brazil, this approach was adopted to expand communications infrastructure and ensure universal local access, with partial success, especially in large cities. However, growth in fiber-optic networks stalled between 2010 and 2012, prompting regulatory interventions and government incentives. The Brazilian case highlights the expanding role of regulators and the government in network expansion, challenged by slow regulatory evolution, high costs, and low investment appeal in small and medium municipalities. Recently, a new competitive model, supported by deregulation and incentives, enabled small local operators to partially address infrastructure gaps, though these efforts have not fully met public policy goals to reduce regional inequalities. This thesis investigates the relationship between the expansion of communications infrastructure, particularly broadband, and key economic variables, with a focus on social inequality and digital exclusion
Dadas, Azzedine. "Demande intérieure, croissance et spécialisations : comparaisons internationales." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL12005.
Full textAdaptation to world's demand jeopardizes employment, production, and trade balance and weakens at a structural level the adjustment of the national production to the domestic demand. The risks, measurable or not, of a market gap policy proves that this adjustment commands the grades of international competitiveness and that the basis of the specialization mecanism is to be found in the growth prospects of the domestic demand. It is thus in the competitiveness restructuration and in the development of one's own domestic demand that economy will find the keys of the required growth. The specialization policy appears thus first as an industrial policy and then as a commercial one and its aim is to maintain, or even recreate, the conditions of a good productive system. Recovery thanks to investments reveales very advantageous for industrial redeployment if these investments are turned towards new technologies and towards an increase in productivity. Efforts must thus be concentrated as well on the human and financial capacities of the firms as on the quality of the technologies to which they have access according to the growth prospects of the national demand which makes intervene profitability and outlets correlatively
Razanamahenina, Jean Ulrich. "Décentralisation budgétaire et croissance économique : approche théorique et application à des pays de l'OCDE." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G035.
Full textThis thesis deals with the effects of fiscal decentralization on economic growth. The usual literature on decentralization mainly focuses on microeconomic approaches. Our work explores the first and the second generation theories of fiscal federalism and shows how it can be enhanced by the consideration of legal and constitutional political economy aspects. From a theoretical point of view, the relationship between fiscal decentralization and growth is analyzed in a context of endogenous growth and of an overlapping-generations model. We show how the various institutional forms contribute to economic growth. However, even though the idea of a positive effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth seems widespread, currently this beneficial effect through several transmission channels) is challenged. In addition, recent empirical analyses provide ambiguous results. To clarify them, we assess through a panel of 25 OECD countries (from 1970 to 2009) the fiscal decentralization effect on economic growth and identify local convergence phenomena. Using a threshold regression analysis, four transition variables are identified : technical progress as well as three decentralization ratios. Depending to the value of these thresholds, several convergence clubs are highlighted. Thus, estimated coefficients of fiscal decentralization effect on economic growth are different from one club to another. Therefore, these results can explain why opposite conclusions are present in the empirical literature : the fiscal decentralization effect on economic growth can be positive, negative or non significant. More generally, we conclude to the existence of multiple equilibria in the relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth
Rogombe, Laetitia Guylia. "La dynamique de la ville de Lambaréné : entre mobilité et développement économique local." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070007.
Full textThe study of the dynamics of the town of Lambarene made it possible to distinguish the various factors which contribute to the development of this city. On the geographical level, Lambarene occupies, a strategic position; it is the node of relation, the crossroads of communication networks road and river. Its central position and its economic assets explain the surge of the populations of various national and foreign origins. The multiplicity, the mixing and the diversity of those make of Lambarene a genuine melting-pot. With the economic plan and industrialist, whereas the small towns are in general mono-industrial, Lambarene is pluri-industrial. This character pluri-industrialist is due to a large number of foreign companies which strongly take part in the development of this urban area. The presence of these multinationals is revealing anchoring and opening of Lambarene to globalization. The interest of this study is articulated around the double demographic and economic dynamics which underlies the development of Lambarene and in fact an economic pole of importance in Gabon
Mnif, Amouri Sirine. "Changements technologiques, croissance et inégalité." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986113.
Full textLafourcade, Miren. "L'impact des infrastructures de transport sur la localisation des activités et la croissance locale : vers les fondements économiques d'une politique des investissements publics." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010066.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the link between the development of new transportation infrastructures, the location of economic activities and its consequences on local growth. Public transportation facilities are indeed one of the favorite tool for regional development policies. Nevertheless, new transportation networks development may induce some contradictory effects. More generally, a fall in trading costs may magnify the influence of initial disparities in favour of regions which have historical comparative advantages before the development of new inter-regional infrastructures. Thus, when transportation costs are high, the dispersion of productive facilities results in a trade-off between fixed costs of production and transportation costs. Large decreases induced by the fall in freight charges lead to more intense competition so that firms look to re-establish their margins by adopting product differentiation strategies. The more the products are differentiated, the less firms fear their competitor's proximity. Thus, they are liable to exploit the advantages linked to their own geography proximity. Nevertheless, the combination of strategic interactions, regional disparities (population, income) and specific non-convexities in certain production sectors may lead to core-periphery ; structures disappearance, as a large decrease in transportation costs may lead to more egalitarian regional configurations
Fleche, Sarah. "Essais en économie du bien-être : enjeux locaux et régionaux et perspectives internationales." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0104.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the analysis of subjective well-being, with a special focus on the geographical aspects. Two questions are asked : to what extent do the measures of subjective well-being provide a good proxy for utility ? And more specifically, what can they tell us on the determinants of well-being ? The first chapter focuses on peer effects and income comparisons. The analysis reveals that neighbors' median income has a very significant impact on respondents' well-being in the United States - meaning that well-being is relative. The second chapter further analyses the impact of a local reform on residents' well-being in Switzerland. The results show that political, administrative and fiscal centralization at the regional level reduces significantly people's lift satisfaction. These two first chapters also deal with the impact of local public goods on well-being. The third chapter of this thesis takes a broader perspective and shows that the increase in public spending observed since the 60s in most developed countries, has had significant distributional effects in terms of well-being. Finally, the fourth chapter focuses on one dimension of well-being : health. It shows that health predicts life satisfaction belter than income or unemployment do
Diarra, Boubacar Mamadou Inaïssa. "Développement et institutions dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne : le cas de la décentralisation au Mali." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1067.
Full textMore than half a century of history of facts and initiatives of socio-economic transformation of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa is marked in most cases with rubbish of economics lag behind. As a result, the phenomenon of « absence of development » in the most part of the underdeveloped countries explain more by inability and/or the difficulty in creating, promoting institutions advantageous for the development of exchanges which would follow prosperity. Reason why the emergence of a new research based on Institutions studying another shutter, another element of economic growth is the object of this thesis. The OCS and the Decentralization are change appropriatenesses of order in institutional development which would beat in hole the « archaico-chronic institutional inflexibility » and who could only favor harmony between institutions (formal and informal) and local economic development in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Mali. The method followed to attain them is a product of the contribution of institutionalists' currents in the analysis of development and the theories of financial federalism. This thesis has tried to show that it's necessary a priori to have a coherence in formation and application of institutional arrangements and rules; to know that the exercise of a competence assumes in anticipation the existence of capacities necessary for the good execution of this whatever they are human, material, financial…; to learn to know societies better by assessing the intricacy of their environment, and therefore the idiosyncrasy of the local actors who initiate plans of action according to their preferences and realities
Peppo, Monika. "Les mutations urbaines et la transition, résultats d'une forte influence des facteurs locaux : vers un nouveau tourisme urbain : le cas de Korça (Albanie)." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0025.
Full textBehind of the example of Korça (Albania), a city of a country, which was very isolated, we have developed the problems, based into the context of “space-time”, by which are happened the transitions' events. The mechanism of the disaccord, of the non-adjustment, between the times of the spatial structures, is evidently appeared during some of the moments of the crises, serving like the factors. During the urban development, the local and regional geographical contexts had an important influence, which was decisive to the choice of the new urban equipments, in the transition phase. About the attitudes result of a similar ancient history, of the participation in the similar symbols and values, is important to emphasize and to push, considering that this city has a instable border
Chmourk, El Mahjoub. "L' organisation de l'espace et le développement local dans la province de Guelmim, porte du Sahara marocain." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30044.
Full textGuelmim’s province is characterized by a strong aridity. That makes it a distinctive area from the rest of the north Morocco area through its oasis landscapes and its very thin hydrographic network. Formerly this area was very productive and famous thanks to the nomads “hommes en bleu” but also because of its geographical position, a commercial path leading to Western Soudan. Meanwhile agriculture was decaying because of the lack of water, dryness, fields’ sickness and emigration. The province is on to radical mutations. The amazing growing of Guelmim’s town thanks to its new role as the province capital led to an unequal development between the urban centre and the rural centers. The demographic trend involved a policy of water diversion to satisfy the needs of the constant growth population while it was destined to irrigation. To reduce the delayed development, we are witnessing increasing actions from local associations and from the government. Restructuring are necessary to improve the living conditions of the rural population and to limit the consequences of uneven development in the province
Andriamitantsoa, Tolojanahary H. "Une métropole régionale dans un pays en voie de développement : Majunga." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF20019.
Full textDelattre, Laurence. "Analyse des déterminants des choix de préservation des espaces agricoles et naturels dans les politiques locales d'urbanisme : apports d'une approche multi-méthodes." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0054.
Full textIn a context of strong spatial urban growth and given the social emerging issues related to peri-urban farmland preservation against sprawl, we look into the elements that determine local public choices of urban development, in terms of land consumption and densities. We first consider economic frameworks of analysis from Urban and Welfare Economics that address urban planning decision making. Then, we analyze how a multi-method approach (discourse analysis, text statistics and econometrics on a large municipal database) can help build a theoretical framework adapted to a regulated and decentralized context as the French one. We apply this approach to Southeastern France municipal land use plans (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, "PACA" Region). The result is an enriched framework of analysis that shows the importance of determinants rarely mentioned in the literature and an assessment of their effect on public decision. Particular roles of some agricultural activity characteristics, elected officials' legitimacy, some of the political characteristics, supra¬municipal policies and interactions between municipalities are outlined. We also highlight synergies between qualitative and quantitative methods such as between discourse, text analyses and econometrics, namely in a perspective of generalization to heterogeneous geographical and institutional contexts. Avenues for future research and some recommendations to public decision-makers are lastly proposed for an in-depth examination
Nimier-David, Elio. "Firms, Territories and Inequality." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAG007.
Full textThis dissertation lies at the intersection between labor economics, urban economics and entrepreneurship. It aims at better understanding how education and labor market policies affect local economic activity and inequality.Chapter 1 provides new insights on labor market inequality, earnings mobility and earnings dynamics in France between 1991 and 2016. Using linked employer-employee data, we show that, contrary to other developed countries, France experienced a decrease in inequality over the period. This reduction in inequality is driven mostly by an increase in women's compensation, especially at the bottom of the distribution, and by a reduction in the gender gap. We find that the compression in labor earnings is also observed over space, with a convergence of the poorest cities and a decrease in inequality both within and between territories. Second, we discuss the role of several labor market policies and find that the rise in the minimum wage and the reduction in the workweek had a major impact. Finally, we characterize the main features of the income growth distribution. As in the US, we find that it is negatively skewed, leptokurtic, has double Pareto tails and evolves over the life-cycle. These new stylized facts provide a better understanding of the evolution of inequality and earnings dynamics over the past decades.Chapter 2, investigates the effects of profit-sharing on workers' compensation and firms' productivity. To do so, we exploit the expansion of a large mandatory profit-sharing scheme in France in the 1990s. Since 1967, firms with more than 100 employees have to distribute a share of their profits to their workers. In 1991, this threshold was reduced to 50 employees. We rely on a bunching analysis and a difference-in-differences strategy exploiting these thresholds to identify the causal effects of profit-sharing. We show that the adoption of profit-sharing led to a sizeable increase in workers' compensation matching a sharp reduction in shareholders' profits. We find no incidence on workers' base wage except at the top of the earnings distribution (e.g. for managers and engineers). Finally, we find no effect on economic activity such as firms' investment or productivity. As a result, profit-sharing acts as a redistributive tool that increases workers' compensation with little impact on firms' economic activity.Chapter 3 analyses the effects of universities on cities' economic activity and local labor markets. This chapter seeks to understand the impact of human capital on business dynamism, employment, wages and city growth. To do so, I exploit a massive college expansion policy implemented in France over the 1990s. I combine a staggered event study design with rich administrative data on workers and firms to estimate the causal effects of these new colleges. City-level results indicate that the policy persistently increased the local level of education and resulted in more creative destruction. On the one hand, I find a large increase in firm creation, especially in skilled industries. On the other hand, incumbent firms experienced more exits and lower growth. Overall, new colleges improved cities' economic activity, with more production and employment for the youth but negative effects on employment for older workers. I complement city-level results with an analysis at the individual level to provide evidence on the long-run effects of new colleges. Relying on differences between cohorts induced by the timing of the policy, I find a positive effect on education and labor market outcomes. Exposure to new colleges increases the probability to graduate from university, to be employed and to hold a high-skilled job in the long-run. This chapter shows that the local level of human capital plays a major role for firm creation, with a sizeable impact on local economic activity. It also provides new evidence on the long-run effects of higher education on individuals' labor market outcomes
Vaknin, Benny. "The mayor's vision and leadership in sustainable urban economic development." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I105.
Full textThis research is focused on the case study of the historical development of the City of Ashkelonduring the tenure of the author as its Deputy Mayor and subsequently as the Mayor of the City.This case study illustrates the impact of the author’s mayoral vision, as well as his leadership,self-determination and perseverance on the local governance capacity to accomplish the mayoralstrategic sustainable urban development goals, including: upgrading the performance of the widediversity of the urban service sectors, stimulating environmentally sustainable economicdevelopment, alleviating unemployment, improving the educational systems at all levels,ensuring integrated urbanization that effectively meets the societal needs of fast expandingmulti-cultural population, and promoting quality of life. Performance measures and national andlocal data statistics illustrate the significant societal, economic and environmental impacts of theprograms implemented to support the population expansion from 63,000 residents in 1991 to138,000 in 2017 and promote economic growth as a core target goal of local governance forsustainable urban development. This case study demonstrates that the mayoral leadership is amain factor in building local governance commitment to achieving excellence and promoting highperformance urbanization standards of municipal services, educational systems, socio-culturalintegration, environmental quality preservation, and other critical aspects of sustainable urbandevelopment. It proposes and illustrates the implementation of a sustainable development modelfor cities, which experience a fast population growth under extreme environmental conditionsfacing climate change impacts and geo-political stress
Bazot, Guillaume. "Financement relationnel et développement local : l'expérience française de la Belle Époque (1880-1914)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0107.
Full textThis dissertation inquires the French banking system of the Belle Epoque. Based on microeconomics of banking literature we show that local banking institutions have a critical impact on economic development as far as quantitative information is not avail able in the given environment. In this respect, regard to the French economic system of that time, the ability to manage private information gives comparative advantage to small (local) banks to finance small and medium enterprises investment and innovative projects. Likewise, the Banque de France's regional policy improves le access to credit and allows short term capital market integration. Proximity with local banks is then the turning point of the Banque de France's local policy success
Tiozzo, Pezzoli Luca. "Specification analysis of interest rates factors : an international perspective." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999298.
Full textMarinos, Clément. "Le développement des entreprises et des territoires en ville moyenne analysé au prisme des réseaux : le cas de la Bretagne Sud." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20041/document.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation focuses on business networks in the specific context of peripheral medium sized cities. Based on a field survey of entrepreneurs from Southern Brittany, this research highlights resources provided by business networks. Being located in a non-metropolitan territory does not seem to be a barrier to participation in networks, even for globalized and innovative firms. This multidisciplinary work also mobilises metropolization theories to address the particular geographical context of peripheral, medium-sized cities and assess their territorial development opportunities. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the network functioning of the firms have been interpreted using network sociology and management science literature on business leaders’ behaviour. The partnership framework with three local development agencies has led to make practical proposals targeting local political decision-makers and stakeholders. Thus, implementing a network-based public policy could be an interesting path in order to come up with a new local development approach
Tremblay, Michaël. "La RMR de Saguenay, entre croissance et décroissance, perceptions et interventions des acteurs locaux." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10856.
Full textDepuis une vingtaine d’années, la RMR de Saguenay semble avoir connu une diminution démographique et d’importantes transformations économiques, qui auraient confronté les citoyens et les acteurs locaux à une situation de possible décroissance. Dans un contexte de vieillissement de population généralisé à l'ensemble du Québec, la RMR de Saguenay pourrait être perçue comme un territoire précurseur du phénomène de décroissance démographique d’une ville de taille moyenne. C’est l’échelle et l’ampleur du phénomène qui semblent être devenues plus importantes. Dans ce contexte, est-il possible de passer d’un aménagement du territoire basé sur la croissance, à une planification qui tient compte de la possibilité d’une diminution et du vieillissement de la population, ainsi que de la réorganisation des activités économiques ? L’analyse du discours des acteurs de l’aménagement, du développement économique et du politique soulève la difficulté de concevoir la diminution de la population et les mutations économiques non plus comme un phénomène occasionnel, mais comme un phénomène possiblement structurel qui pourrait être appelé à perdurer dans le temps. Le sujet de la décroissance semble générer une forme de malaise auprès des acteurs, allant même parfois jusqu’au refus de concevoir cette situation. Pour plusieurs, l’éventualité d’un déclin généralisé est inconcevable, la décroissance pouvant alors être perçue comme un échec politique. Il apparaîtrait logique que la plupart des stratégies mises en place reposent sur l’objectif d’un retour à la croissance. À partir des signes précurseurs dans le cadre bâti, en passant par la stratégie du marketing territorial et l’interventionnisme municipal, jusqu’à l’apparition de friches urbaines, les impacts du phénomène de la décroissance, pour la plupart très subtils, se révèlent tout de même présents sur le territoire de la RMR. La décroissance est observée dans cette étude selon une approche nouvelle qui confronte le discours des acteurs, la réalité sur le territoire et l’analyse des dynamiques économiques et démographiques. Il s’agit ainsi d’une recherche exploratoire qui tente de s’interroger sur la façon actuelle de concevoir la croissance urbaine.