Academic literature on the topic 'CROCC'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'CROCC.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "CROCC"
1
Tong, Huaiyu, Chongye Guo, Liang Liang, Hua Mi, Meng Li, Yiheng Yin, Lijun Shang, Shuangli Mi, and Xinguang Yu. "Implication of a de novo Variant in ciliary rootlet coiled- coil (CROCC) with assimilation of atlas (AOA)." Genetics & Applications 6, no. 1 (June 23, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31383/ga.vol6iss1pp11-26.
Full textAbstract:
Assimilation of atlas is a rare skeletal malformation causing nerve compression with high risk of fatal. However, the genetic etiology of assimilation of atlas AOA is currently lacking. In this paper, the whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis was employed to study a Chinese family having a sporadic proband son of assimilation of atlas AOA but other healthy family members. We identified a novel variant in ciliary rootlet coiled-coil gene (NM_014675.5 (CROCC): c.4702C>T (r.4702c>u, p.(Arg1568Cys)). The variant had different genotypes between the proband and healthy family members but with high conservations of “damage” to protein structure based on MutationTaster and SIFT prediction. CROCC gene can be obtained in both healthy (n=220) and non-mutated assimilation of atlas AOA patient samples (n=68) but absented in five sporadic patients with the novel variant. Furthermore, abnormal of cilia was observed after editing the target sequence on CROCC using CRISPR-Cas9. These results suggested that assimilation of atlas AOA might be caused by the mutation of CROCC: c.4702C>T (r.4702c>u, p.(Arg1568Cys)). With strong amino acid conservation and interaction regulation, the variant mutation could cause the signal disorder of skeletal development which may lead to the defective bone formation and finally cause the development of assimilation of atlas AOA.
2
Bhat, Akshata, Sagar Patil, and Jayanti Belur. "ISM Fuzzy Technique for Management Decision Making to Reduce Employee Turnover: A Study of Indian Manufacturing Industry." MANTHAN: Journal of Commerce and Management 9, no. 2 (2022): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17492/jpi.manthan.v9i2.922202.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing employee turnover in the context of manufacturing industry. The study used existing literature to understand the relationship among these factors by using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). Crocc-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) analysis was also used to classify the factors. The data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The results indicates that work-environment and career growth were critical factors followed by compensation, training and development, reward and recognition, job security, job stress, work-life balance, etc. In order to reduce employee turnover, the manufacturing sectors can mull over employee relations with colleagues and external job opportunities and emphasize job security, job stress, and work-life balance. The fuzzy-MICMAC results showed that the dependent factors were external job opportunities, job stress, job security, and work-life balance. As the study primarily uses experts’ opinion, the probability of collecting views was restricted.
3
Remo, Andrea, M. P. Cecchini, D. Benati, P. Bernardi, E. Manfrin, G. Giordano, F. Bonomi, et al. "CROCC-mutated rhabdoid colorectal carcinoma showing in intercellular spaces lamellipodia and cellular projections revealed by electron microscopy." Virchows Archiv 475, no. 2 (March 10, 2019): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00428-019-02554-4.
Full text
4
Alam, Md Mahbubul, Ramkrishna Saha, Md Rezwan Miah, Belal Ahmed, and Iqbal Ahmed Siddiquey. "Spectroscopic Characterization of Croconate Bridging Complex: Conversion of Rhodizonate (C6O6 2-) to Croconate Bridging Ligand in a Pyridine Modified Large Macrocyclic Metal Arrangements." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 40, no. 2 (December 22, 2016): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v40i2.30765.
Full textAbstract:
Rhodizonic acid (H2RHOD) was reacted with Co(PF6)2.6H2O in the presence of pyridine modified large macrocyclic ligand (H2Lopy) and triethylamine in N,N-dimethylformamide under argon atmosphere. Instead of [Co4(RHOD)2(Lopy)](PF6)2 (1), the main product of this reaction was a crystalline compound [Co4(CROC)2(Lopy)](PF6)2, which was isolated in low yield (< 25%). Based on the elemental analysis, ESI-mass spectroscopy, and infrared spectrum, the isolated compound was confirmed to be [Co4(CROC)2(Lopy)](PF6)2 (2), where CROC2- is croconate anion C5O52-.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 2, 101-108, 2016
5
McClintock, Timothy S., Chad E. Glasser, Soma C. Bose, and Daniel A. Bergman. "Tissue expression patterns identify mouse cilia genes." Physiological Genomics 32, no. 2 (January 2008): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00128.2007.
Full textAbstract:
In mammals, cilia are critical for development, sensation, cell signaling, sperm motility, and fluid movement. Defects in cilia are causes of several congenital syndromes, providing additional reasons to identify cilia-related genes. We hypothesized that mRNAs selectively abundant in tissues rich in highly ciliated cells encode cilia proteins. Selective abundance in olfactory epithelium, testes, vomeronasal organ, trachea, and lung proved to be an expression pattern uniquely effective in identifying documented cilia-related genes. Known and suspected cilia-related genes were statistically overrepresented among the 99 genes identified, but the majority encoded proteins of unknown function, thereby predicting new cilia-related proteins. Evidence of expression in a highly ciliated cell, the olfactory sensory neuron, exists for 73 of the genes. In situ hybridization for 17 mRNAs confirmed expression of all 17 in olfactory sensory neurons. Most were also detected in vomeronasal sensory neurons and in neighboring tissues rich in ciliated cells such as respiratory epithelium. Immunoreactivity for one of the proteins identified, Spa17, colocalized with acetylated tubulin in the cilia layer of the olfactory epithelium. In contrast, the ciliary rootlet protein, Crocc, was located in discrete structures whose position was consistent with the dendritic knobs of the olfactory sensory neurons. A compilation of >2,000 mouse genes predicted to encode cilia-related proteins revealed a strong correlation ( R = 0.99) between the number of studies predicting a gene's involvement in cilia and documented evidence of such involvement, a fact that simplifies the selection of genes for further study of the physiology of cilia.
6
Yasar, Binnaz, Kim Linton, Christian Slater, and Richard Byers. "Primary cilia are increased in number and demonstrate structural abnormalities in human cancer." Journal of Clinical Pathology 70, no. 7 (November 21, 2016): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204103.
Full textAbstract:
AimsPrimary cilia play an important role in the regulation of cell signalling pathways and are thought to have a role in cancer but have seldom been studied in human cancer samples.MethodsPrimary cilia were visualised by dual immunofluorescence for anti-CROCC (ciliary rootlet coiled-coil) and anti-tubulin in a range of human cancers (including carcinomas of stomach, pancreas, prostate, lung and colon, lobular and ductal breast cancers and follicular lymphoma) and in matched normal tissue (stomach, pancreas, lung, large and small intestines, breast and reactive lymph nodes) samples using a tissue microarray; their frequency, association with proliferation, was measured by Ki-67 staining and their structure was analysed.ResultsCompared with normal tissues, primary cilia frequency was significantly elevated in adenocarcinoma of the lung (2.75% vs 1.85%, p=0.016), adenocarcinoma of the colon (3.80% vs 2.43%, respectively, p=0.017), follicular lymphoma (1.18% vs 0.83%, p=0.003) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (7.00% vs 5.26%, p=0.002); there was no statistically significant difference compared with normal control tissue for gastric and prostatic adenocarcinomas or for lobular and ductal breast cancers. Additionally, structural abnormalities of primary cilia were identified in cancer tissues, including elongation of the axoneme, multiple basal bodies and branching of the axoneme. Ki-67 scores ranged from 0.7% to 78.4% and showed no statistically significant correlation with primary cilia frequency across all tissues (p=0.1501).ConclusionsThe results show upregulation of primary cilia and the presence of structural defects in a wide range of human cancer tissue samples demonstrating association of dysregulation of primary cilia with human cancer.
7
Saeed, Mohammad, Miranda Salo, James Ondracek, and Andy Bertsch. "Crocs, Inc.: Managing Corporate Resources (Strategic Perspectives)." DELHI BUSINESS REVIEW 22, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51768/dbr.v22i2.222202113.
Full textAbstract:
The role of the strategic management process in organizations is to produce the best strategic plan that an organization can adopt based on its individual qualities and market position to achieve a superior competitive position in the market. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the strategic management process can be utilized by Crocs, Inc. (Crocs) to gain and maintain a long-run competitive position in the footwear industry. This analysis considers and applies the three stages of the strategic management process, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation, to Crocs, utilizing Crocs’ current company data and strategic position and applying strategic management process tools. Analysis results feature a recommended vision and mission statement for Crocs, the best strategies for Crocs to pursue, how Crocs can progress toward achieving such strategies (through certain policies, risk considerations, and financial projections), and how the company can successfully evaluate and adapt strategies if necessary. This analysis implies how Crocs may best utilize the strategic management process to achieve success as a company in the footwear industry.
8
Crocco, Massimiliano. "Pensare la Croce: Jurgen Moltmann ed Edith Stein." Aoristo - International Journal of Phenomenology, Hermeneutics and Metaphysics 4, no. 2 (August 22, 2021): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/aoristo.v4i2.27975.
Full textAbstract:
Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di accostare la mistica della croce attraverso il vissuto di Edith Stein e il pensiero del teologo protestante tedesco Jürgen Moltmann. Si cercherà di far vedere come la Stein visse la sua esperienza interiore della croce, come discepola del Crocefisso, sulla scia dei grandi mistici che la ispirarono, come Teresa D’Avila e Giovanni della Croce. D’altra parte, c’è il pensiero realista di Moltmann, il quale vede nel cammino della croce e nel Crocefisso una esperienza difficile da essere accettata dall’uomo moderno, ma che la Stein ha portato alle ultime conseguenze. Edith Stein ha fatto sua l’esperienza della croce nel vissuto storico del conflitto europeu del suo tempo.
9
Martirano, Maurizio. "Croce filosofo." EDUCAÇÃO E FILOSOFIA 17, no. 33 (July 17, 2008): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/revedfil.v17n33a2003-633.
Full text
10
De Franceschi, Sylvio Hermann. "Benedetto Croce." Revue Française d'Histoire des Idées Politiques 40, no. 2 (2014): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfhip.040.0265.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "CROCC"
1
Rizi, Fabio Fernando. "Benedetto Croce and Italian fascism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ56264.pdf.
Full text
2
Mazzocchi, Gabriele <1984>. "La Croce Rossa in Cina." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5849.
Full textAbstract:
Questa tesi sulla storia della Croce Rossa cinese si propone in primo luogo di far luce sulla nascita nel movimento di Croce Rossa internazionale e sullo sviluppo del concetto di umanitarismo. Partendo dalla realtà occidentale, precisamente in Europa dove questa ormai secolare associazione è stata concepita, sarà fatta luce sui cambiamenti sociali, storici e filosofici che hanno portato alla affermazione dell’umanitarismo.
Vedremo successivamente come tale concetto non sconosciuto alla realtà cinese e abbia preso piede nel corso dell'ultima dinastia dei Qing, per poi portare al concepimento di una Croce Rossa Cinese. Fondata nel 1904, questa associazione di soccorso ha accompagnato la “terra di mezzo” in tutta la sua evoluzione durante il ‘900. Sempre presente sia in tempo di pace che di guerra, la Croce Rossa ha saputo adattarsi ai repentini cambiamenti sociali e politici a cui la Cina è stata sottoposta dalla caduta dell’impero e successiva proclamazione della repubblica nel 1912. Attraversando il periodo delle grandi guerre e la chiusura internazionale imposta dal socialismo di Mao, l'associazione ha mantenuto sempre e comunque ben saldi i propri principi di neutralità, imparzialità e indipendenza. Vedremo inoltre come la Croce Rossa abbia rappresentato un punto di riferimento e un corridoio di interazioni tra la Cina e le altre Nazioni anche durante il periodo di chiusura alla estero del paese.
3
Collas, Wolfgang von. "Norberto Bobbio und das Erbe Benedetto Croces : Politik und Kultur - Liberalismus - Demokratie /." Neuried : Ars Una, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/315899913.pdf.
Full text
4
Cingari, Salvatore. "Il giovane Croce : una biografia etico-politica /." Soveria Mannelli (Catanzaro) : Rubbettino, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/337317496.pdf.
Full text
5
Steinemann, Holger. "Baldassarre Croce, ein Maler der katholischen Reform." [S.l.] : Universität Stuttgart , Fakultät Geschichts-, Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften, 1996. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB7084256.
Full text
6
Colussi, Davide. "Tra grammatica e logica : saggio sulla lingua di Benedetto Croce /." Pisa : F. Serra, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41218677b.
Full text
7
Davey, Laura. "The life of Giovanni Croce : a documentary study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246083.
Full text
8
Daraškevičiūtė, Vaiva. "Estetikos sampratos transformacija: B. Croce ir H. G. Gadameris." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121001_092830-79713.
Full textAbstract:
Disertacijos tyrimo objektas yra estetikos sampratos transformacijos problema kontinentinėje XX amžiaus Vakarų filosofijoje. Šiuolaikiniame mąstyme susiduriame su būtinybe peržiūrėti modernistinę estetikos sampratą, nes tampa vis labiau akivaizdu, kad ja vadovaujantis neįmanoma paaiškinti subjektyvios meno patirties keliu prieinamos išskirtinių būties tiesų atverties. Dėl šios priežasties šiuolaikinėje filosofijoje kvestionuojamas pats „estetikos“ terminas, argumentuojant, kad estetika, arba meno filosofija, turėtų ne nustatyti meno kūrinio vertinimo kriterijus, bet kelti sau tikslą mąstyti dėka tų prieštaravimų, kurie neišvengiamai lydi meno patirtį. Disertacijoje estetikos sampratos transformacija analizuojama nagrinėjant italų filosofo Benedetto Croce‘s estetiką ir vokiečių mąstytojo Hanso Georgo Gadamerio meno filosofiją. Teigiama, kad Croce ir Gadameris, nesutikdami su Kanto filosofijos įtakoje susiformavusia subjektyvistine modernistinės estetikos samprata, skirtingais būdais įrodo, jog meno patirties keliu pasiekiami tokie bendražmogiški patyrimo aspektai, kurie niekaip kitaip nėra prieinami. Parodoma, kad Croce‘s filosofijoje prie modernistinės estetikos sampratos transformacijos priartėjama pamatiniu pažinimu įvardinus ne jusles ir ne protą, bet kūrybinę intuiciją. Konstatuojama, kad Gadameris savo hermeneutikoje transformuoja subjektyvistinę modernistinės estetikos sampratą į meno filosofiją, meno kūriniui suteikdamas ontologinį statusą ir iškeldamas meno... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The object of the dissertation is the problem of the transformation of the concept of aesthetics in Western continental philosophy of the 20th century. In contemporary thought the need to review the modernist concept of aesthetics becomes more and more evident as on the basis of this concept it is impossible to explain how revelation of unique metaphysical truths is attained by way of subjective experience of art. For this reason, in contemporary philosophy the very term of “aesthetics” is questioned, arguing that aesthetics or the philosophy of art, instead of establishing the criteria of judgement of an artwork, should rather aim at thought due to the controversies and paradoxes inevitably surrounding the experience of art. In the dissertation the transformation of the concept of aesthetics is analysed by examining the aesthetics of the Italian philosopher Benedetto Croce and the philosophy of art of the German thinker Hans Georg Gadamer. The study argues that by opposing the subjectivist concept of modernist aesthetics formed under the influence of Kant, Croce and Gadamer prove, in different ways, that the way of the experience of art allows to attain the aspects of common human experience that are unattainable in any other way. The research demonstrates that in Croce’s philosophy the transformation of the modernist concept of aesthetics is approached by choosing creative intuition, rather than senses or reason, as a fundamental way of knowing. The dissertation states... [to full text]
9
GUASTAMACCHIA, GIUSEPPE. "Il giovane Croce: storia, neokantismo e scienze dello spirito." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1055459.
Full textAbstract:
The present contribution aims to provide an overview of Benedetto Croce's early philosophy and its relationship with Neo-Kantianism. Starting from his very first philosophical essay, "La storia ridotta sotto il concetto generale dell'arte" (1893), the work focuses on the connections of Croce's philosophy with Herbart and the Herbartians, Dilthey and Simmel, ending with an examination of the reflections which led the Italian philosopher, after his crucial dialogue with Windelband, Rickert and Kuno Fischer, to the publishing of the "Estetica" (1902) and the "Logica" (1909).
10
Pantoja, Jônatas Oliveira. "Benedetto Croce nos dois lados do Atlântico: os percursos de uma obra na Itália e nos Estados Unidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-21122016-125743/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as raízes do prestígio de Croce na Itália e da recepção de suas ideias nos Estados Unidos. Interessa descobrir como ele se fez um intelectual reconhecido em seu país de origem, e quais sentidos sua obra teve entre os acadêmicos americanos. Para tanto, são aqui examinadas as condições sócio-históricas destes dois circuitos intelectuais socialmente diferenciados. A partir do exame da principal obra croceana, Estetica (1902), procura-se esclarecer como as especificidades destes universos intelectuais conferiram sentidos distintos ao pensamento de Croce.This thesis aims to analyze the Croce prestigious roots in Italy and the reception of his ideas in the United States. Interests find out how he became an intellectual recognized in their country of origin, and which way his work has had among American academics. To that end, the socio-historical conditions of these two socially differentiated intellectual circuits examined here. From the examination of the main work of Croce, Estetica (1902), seeks to clarify how the specific features of these intellectual universes have given different meanings to the thought of Croce.
Books on the topic "CROCC"
More sourcesBook chapters on the topic "CROCC"
1
König, René, and Hans Peter Thurn. "Santa Croce." In Niccolò Machiavelli, 9–18. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18838-6_1.
Full text
2
Wild, Gerhard. "Croce, Benedetto." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_3279-1.
Full text
3
Helferich, Christoph. "Croce, Benedetto." In Metzler Philosophen Lexikon, 190–92. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03642-1_70.
Full text
4
Wogenstein, Sebastian. "Croce, Benedetto." In Lexikon der Geisteswissenschaften, 1171–74. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205790099.1171.
Full text
5
Weber, Wolfgang E. J. "Benedetto Croce." In Kindler Kompakt Klassiker der Geschichtsschreibung, 147–48. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05530-9_42.
Full text
6
Mustè, Marcello. "Benedetto Croce." In Marx, Engels, and Marxisms, 47–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72559-4_2.
Full text
7
König, René. "Santa Croce." In Niccolò Machiavelli, 1–9. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28219-6_1.
Full text
8
Nitsch, Carlo. "Croce, Benedetto." In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_598-1.
Full text
9
Loriggio, Francesco. "Croce, Benedetto." In Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory, edited by Irena Makaryk, 281–82. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442674417-079.
Full text
10
Torchiana, Donald T. "Yeats and Croce." In Yeats Annual No. 4, 3–11. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06838-8_1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "CROCC"
1
Sebag, Annabel. "My little Croco." In SIGGRAPH Asia 2014 Computer Animation Festival. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2671032.2671055.
Full text
2
Pietschmann, Stefan, Annett Mitschick, Ronny Winkler, and Klaus Meißner. "CroCo: Ontology-Based, Cross-Application Context Management." In 2008 Third International Workshop on Semantic Media Adaptation and Personalization (SMAP). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smap.2008.10.
Full text
3
Caroli, Cataldo, Alexandre Bleyer, Ahmed Bentaib, Patrick Chatelard, Michel Cranga, and Jean-Pierre Van Dorsselaere. "The Development of Severe Accident Codes at IRSN and Their Application to Support the Safety Assessment of EPR." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89461.
Full textAbstract:
IRSN uses a two-tier approach for development of codes analysing the course of a hypothetical severe accident (SA) in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR): on one hand, the integral code ASTEC, jointly developed by IRSN and GRS, for fast-running and complete analysis of a sequence; on the other hand, detailed codes for best-estimate analysis of some phenomena such as ICARE/CATHARE, MC3D (for steam explosion), CROCO and TONUS. They have been extensively used to support the level 2 Probabilistic Safety Assessment of the 900 MWe PWR and, in general, for the safety analysis of the French PWR. In particular the codes ICARE/CATHARE, CROCO, MEDICIS (module of ASTEC) and TONUS are used to support the safety assessment of the European Pressurized Reactor (EPR). The ICARE/CATHARE code system has been developed for the detailed evaluation of SA consequences in a PWR primary system. It is composed of the coupling of the core degradation IRSN code ICARE2 and of the thermalhydraulics French code CATHARE2. The CFD code CROCO describes the corium flow in the spreading compartment. Heat transfer to the surrounding atmosphere and to the basemat, leading to the possible formation of an upper and lower crust, basemat ablation and gas sparging through the flow are modelled. CROCO has been validated against a wide experimental basis, including the CORINE, KATS and VULCANO programs. MEDICIS simulates MCCI (Molten-Corium-Concrete-Interaction) using a lumped-parameter approach. Its models are being continuously improved through the interpretation of most MCCI experiments (OECD-CCI, ACE…). The TONUS code has been developed by IRSN in collaboration with CEA for the analysis of the hydrogen risk (both distribution and combustion) in the reactor containment. The analyses carried out to support the EPR safety assessment are based on a CFD formulation. At this purpose a low-Mach number multi-component Navier-Stokes solver is used to analyse the hydrogen distribution. Presence of air, steam and hydrogen is considered as well as turbulence, condensation and heat transfer in the containment walls. Passive autocatalytic recombiners are also modelled. Hydrogen combustion is afterwards analysed solving the compressible Euler equations coupled with combustion models. Examples of on-going applications of these codes to the EPR safety analysis are presented to illustrate their potentialities.
4
BENSHILA, Rachid, Luis Pedro ALMEIDA, Patrick MARCHESIELLO, and Rafael ALMAR. "Swash hydrodynamic modelling using a tri-dimensional model: CROCO." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Editions Paralia, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2016.003.
Full text
5
Pouryazdan, Maryam, and Burak Kantarci. "TA-CROCS: Trustworthiness-Aware Coalitional Recruitment of Crowd-Sensors." In GLOBECOM 2018 - 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8648026.
Full text
6
Berdanier, Bruce, Anf Ziadat, Mark Peacock, and Imad Hanna. "The CRCC Native American Natural Resource Management Initiative." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)255.
Full text
7
Shen, Boyang, Tim Coombs, and Francesco Grilli. "AC Loss Analysis on HTS CrossConductor (CroCo) Cables for Power Transmission." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asemd.2018.8558891.
Full text
8
Tamagnone, Paolo, Enrica Caporali, and Alessandro Sidoti. "Protecting Heritage Cities From Pluvial Flooding: The Santa Croce District In Florence." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc252171192022885.
Full text
9
Melstrom, Keegan M., and Randall B. Irmis. "MAMMAL-LIKE CROCS: DO EXTINCT CROCODYLOMORPHS OVERLAP WITH THE MORPHOSPACE OF LIVING MAMMALS?" In 116th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020cd-347599.
Full text
10
Al-Farisi, Omar, Hadi Belhaj, Fatmah Yammahi, Abdulla Al-Shemsi, and Hocine Khemissa. "Carbonate Rock Type Matrix RocMat, The Ultimate Rock Properties Catalogue." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10589.
Full textAbstract:
Rock typing is one of the most important steps in reservoir modeling, and it’s the main task in reservoir characterization. In carbonate, the rock typing work that’s been performed during the last two decades had a little progress in term of providing reliable estimation of reservoir behavior. However, the development of Conjunction Rock Properties Convergence, CROPC, a carbonate rock typing concept that provided an important and easy solution to the carbonate rock typing gaps, has a major breakthrough, even though, CROPC methodology was developed to capture the single pore network through the conjunction of Lithology, permeability, capillary pressure and water saturation. Therefore, the need to identify more complex carbonate pore network had led to the initiation of developing the Carbonate Rock Type Matrix RocMat, which will be detailed in this paper, as part of a Master of Science research project. In this novel concept the carbonate rocks were classified into homogeneous, single pore network, and heterogeneous rocks, dual and triple pore network with the utilization of the effective petrophysical properties of permeability, capillary pressure, saturation, porosity and height above free water level, all were classified in a conjunction matrix that honors these properties and at the same time enables generating sub groups as down scaling and estimation for unseen groups with infinite rock complexity capturing, at the same time it enables the ease to lump the groups and generates upscale-groups that make it easier for utilization by the geologist and reservoir engineers to achieve the objective of better reservoir performance prediction, the work was performed and then tested in two carbonate offshore fields data. This RocMat was structured to be the ultimate catalog for carbonate rock types.
Reports on the topic "CROCC"
1
Vargas-Herrera, Hernando, Pamela Andrea Cardozo-Ortiz, Clara Lía Machado-Franco, Carlos Alberto Cadena-Silva, Freddy Hernán Cepeda-López, Aura María Ciceri-Lozano, Carlos Eduardo León-Rincón, et al. Reporte de Sistemas de Pago - Junio de 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.2021.
Full textAbstract:
El Banco de la República, con el Reporte de Sistemas de Pago, entrega un panorama completo de la infraestructura financiera local, siendo este un producto importante de la labor de seguimiento a dicha infraestructura. Las cifras contenidas en este reporte corresponden al año 2020, período de pandemia durante el cual las medidas de confinamiento para aliviar la tensión sobre el sistema de salud generaron para Colombia, al igual que en la mayoría de los países, una fuerte reducción de la actividad económica y el consumo. Desde el comienzo de la pandemia, la Junta Directiva del Banco de la República adoptó las decisiones necesarias para otorgar al mercado amplia liquidez en pesos y dólares, garantizar la estabilidad de los mercados, proteger el sistema de pagos y preservar la oferta de crédito. El pronunciado crecimiento de los agregados monetarios reflejó la mayor preferencia por liquidez, la cual fue atendida oportunamente por el Banco de la República. Las decisiones adoptadas se realizaron mediante diferentes operaciones, las cuales fueron compensadas y liquidadas en la infraestructura financiera. Después de la introducción, la segunda sección del presente reporte de pagos analiza la evolución y el desempeño de las diferentes infraestructuras financieras. Se destaca que el sistema de pagos de alto valor CUD registró en 2020 un mayor dinamismo que el año anterior, principalmente por el aumento de los depósitos remunerados que en promedio diario realizó la Dirección General de Crédito Público y del Tesoro Nacional (DGCPTN) con el Banco de República, así como una mayor actividad del mercado de simultáneas de deuda pública. Consecuentemente con el crecimiento de la actividad en el CUD, el Depósito Central de Valores (DCV) registró una mayor actividad por el aumento del mercado monetario de deuda pública y por las colocaciones por parte del Gobierno Nacional en el mercado primario. El valor de las operaciones compensadas y liquidadas por intermedio de la Cámara de Riesgo Central de Contraparte (CRCC) continúa creciendo, jalonado principalmente por los contratos non delivery forward (NDF) peso/dólar. Con respecto a la CRCC, es oportuno mencionar que a partir de finales del año pasado esta cámara se encarga de administrar los riesgos y de compensar y liquidar las operaciones del mercado de contado peso/dólar, debido a la fusión con la Cámara de Compensación de Divisas de Colombia (CCDC). Así mismo, a partir del último trimestre del año 2020 la CRCC se encarga de compensar y liquidar el mercado de renta variable, labor que venía desempeñando la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia (BVC). En la sección tres se entrega una visión integral de los pagos en el mercado de bienes y servicios, es decir, de las transacciones efectuadas en el circuito de personas naturales y empresas no financieras. Durante la pandemia las transferencias electrónicas inter e intrabancarias, que en su mayoría son originadas por empresas, registraron un incremento tanto en número como en valor de operaciones frente a 2019. Por su parte, los pagos con tarjetas débito y crédito originados principalmente por personas naturales mostraron un comportamiento decreciente con respecto a 2019. Los pagos realizados con cheques siguen disminuyendo, presentando una tendencia a la baja muy pronunciada en el último año. Como complemento a la información sobre transferencias electrónicas, el reporte incluye en esta sección un sombreado sobre la caracterización de la población con cuenta de ahorro y corriente, empleando los datos de la encuesta del Banco de la República sobre percepción de uso de los instrumentos de pago en 2019. Se incluye también un recuadro sobre la evolución transaccional de una billetera móvil provista por una sociedad especializada en depósitos y pagos electrónicos (Sedpe), mostrando que desde su creación a finales del año 2017 ha incremento en el número de usuarios y el valor de las transacciones, con especial velocidad durante la pandemia. Adicionalmente, se presenta un diagnóstico sobre los efectos de la pandemia en los patrones de pago de la población, fundamentado en datos sobre el uso del efectivo en circulación, sobre los pagos con instrumentos electrónicos, y sobre el consumo y la confianza del consumidor. Se concluye que el desplome en el índice de confianza del consumidor y la caída en el consumo privado dieron lugar a cambios en los patrones de pago de las personas. Las compras con tarjetas de crédito y débito disminuyeron, mientras que los pagos por bienes y servicios mediante transferencia electrónica aumentaron. Estos resultados, junto con el considerable aumento del efectivo en circulación, podrían proveer indicios a favor de un posible atesoramiento del papel moneda con motivo precaución por parte de las personas y de un mayor uso del efectivo como instrumento de pago. Se incluye, además, un recuadro que presenta los principales cambios que se introdujeron en la regulación del sistema de pagos de bajo valor en el país mediante la expedición del Decreto 1692 de diciembre de 2020. La cuarta sección se refiere a las importantes innovaciones y cambios tecnológicos que se han observado en el sistema de pagos al por menor. Se destacan cuatro temas en esta línea. El primero se constituye en un punto clave para la construcción de la infraestructura financiera de pagos inmediatos. Consiste en el diseño e implementación de los llamados esquemas superpuestos, los cuales son un desarrollo tecnológico que permite una comunicación abierta entre los diferentes agentes de la cadena de pagos, logrando una alta interoperabilidad entre diferentes proveedores de servicios de pago. El segundo tema explora los avances en el debate internacional sobre la emisión de moneda digital por parte de los bancos centrales (CBDC por su sigla en inglés), con el fin de entender su posible impacto en el sistema de pagos de bajo valor y en el uso del efectivo. El tercer tema está relacionado con nuevas formas de iniciación de pagos, tales como los códigos QR, la biometría o la tecnología de comunicación de campos cercanos (NCF por su sigla en inglés). Estos cambios, aparentemente pequeños, pueden tener efectos importantes en la experiencia del usuario con el sistema de pagos de bajo valor. El cuarto tema, finalmente, es el crecimiento de los pagos vinculados con la telefonía móvil y el internet. El reporte finaliza en la sección cinco con una reseña de dos trabajos de investigación aplicada realizados en el Banco de la República en el año 2020. El primero analiza el nivel patrimonial de la CRCC, reconociendo el rol relevante que esta infraestructura ha adquirido en la compensación y liquidación de varios mercados financieros en el país. Se exploran los requerimientos de capital para las entidades de contrapartida central establecidos en algunas jurisdicciones, se identifican los riesgos que se busca cubrir desde la perspectiva del servicio que este tipo de entidades ofrece al mercado y aquellos asociados a su actividad corporativa. Se analizan los niveles patrimoniales de la CRCC a partir de lo observado en la regulación de la Unión Europea y se concluye que la CRCC cuenta con un esquema de anillos de seguridad muy similar al observado en la experiencia internacional y que su nivel patrimonial es superior al exigido por la regulación colombiana, siendo suficiente para cubrir otros riesgos. El segundo trabajo de investigación identifica y cuantifica las fuentes que utilizan las entidades participantes en el CUD para cumplir con sus obligaciones diarias contraídas en el mercado financiero local, y con su uso como herramienta de monitoreo de la liquidez intradía en condiciones normales. Leonardo Villar Gómez Gerente General
2
Restaurant maintenance worker wedged between sump pump pipe support bar and sump pump crock rim. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface01mi064.
Full text
3
Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.
Full textAbstract:
Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor
4
Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.
Full textAbstract:
With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor
5
Reporte de Infraestructura Financiera 2022. Banco de la República de Colombia, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-infr-finan.2022.
Full textAbstract:
La labor de seguimiento a la infraestructura financiera local es un aporte adicional del Banco de la República a la estabilidad financiera del país. Uno de los productos de dicho seguimiento ha sido el Reporte de Sistemas de Pago, que a partir de esta edición cambia de nombre a Reporte de Infraestructura Financiera, con el objetivo de que refleje de manera amplia los temas que aquí se abordan. En esta edición 2022 se incluyen varios cambios, producto de un estudio comparativo realizado frente a reportes de infraestructura financiera elaborados por otros bancos centrales. Dichos cambios buscan hacer más fluida y liviana la lectura del reporte, incluyendo los mensajes principales y las cifras clave para los diferentes grupos de interés a los cuales va dirigido. En el reporte se muestra que la infraestructura financiera mantuvo sus servicios de forma continua, dando muestra general de su buen funcionamiento en el 2021. Adicionalmente, se validó la resiliencia de la Cámara de Riesgo Central de Contraparte (CRCC) y del Sistema de Pagos de Alto Valor (CUD) ante eventos extremos, con base en pruebas de estrés con estándares internacionales (enfocadas en el riesgo de liquidez y de crédito). En cuanto a los pagos al por menor, de acuerdo con información transaccional, el uso en valor de los instrumentos electrónicos aumentó durante 2021 frente al año 2020 (tarjetas crédito y débito, cheque y transferencias). El empleo de las tarjetas débito y crédito en pagos aumentó a niveles similares a los alcanzados en el año prepandemia. Por su parte, las transferencias electrónicas continuaron en crecimiento. Aunque los resultados de la encuesta BR 2022 muestran que el efectivo continúa siendo el instrumento más utilizado por el público para los pagos habituales (comportamiento similar al de otros países), la percepción de su uso disminuyó significativamente al 75 % (87 % en 2019). También para el comercio, el efectivo fue el instrumento preferido por sus clientes. Sin embargo, en esta medición varios canales de comercio como peluquerías, droguerías y restaurantes se sumaron al grupo que tradicionalmente viene recibiendo pagos electrónicos por un valor superior al 10 % de sus ventas (hipermercados y estaciones de servicio). Asimismo, para cerca del 50 % de la población los pagos en efectivo son menores a los que realizaron antes de la pandemia, lo cual es consecuente con el incremento transaccional de los instrumentos de pago electrónicos que se registró en el año 2021. El Banrep continúa monitoreando los desarrollos tecnológicos que han ampliado y modernizado la oferta en el mercado de pagos internacional y local, ya que son temas de interés para la industria que presta servicios de compensación y liquidación de pagos. En este reporte se presenta el caso PIX en Brasil para pagos inmediatos, los proyectos que se llevan a cabo sobre la posible emisión de moneda digital por parte de los bancos centrales (CBDC, por sus siglas en inglés) para pagos transfronterizos, así como una aproximación al ecosistema Fintech en Colombia con énfasis en las empresas que prestan servicios de pagos. Leonardo Villar Gerente General