Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Critique ethnographique'
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Dos, Santos Paes Isabela. "Mouvement : individuation et transformation : une approche ethnographique de l'Odin Teatret." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010TELE0033.
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Torché, Maïlys. "Création de soi et imaginaire de consommation : une étude ethnographique de consommateurs geeks." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUED006.
Full textConsumption has begun to live as a pleasure and symbolic experience (Holbrook and Hirschman, 1982) and fantasy consumption for geeks is an example. Geek is engaged in double consumption for digital and fantasy consumption (Billard, 2013). Fantasy consumption inspires co-creation of identity (Baker and Curasi, 2008) as imaginary consumption (Robert-Demontrond and Ozpaglar-Toulouse, 2011). How does an imaginary consumption contribute to the creation of self? We conduct a market oriented ethnographic study (Amould and Wallendorf, 1994) of geek consumers. Our findings demonstrate a creation of self for geeks inspired by fantasy consumption. We discuss the extended self (Belk, 1988) with the creation of self (Sartre, 1943) and the theory of structure and agency (Amould, 2007) with die symbolic structure (Tumer, 1990). Geeks create their identities by allocating fantasy resources. Therefore, we recommend ways to design fantasy experiences (Martin, 2016)
Rasoamampionona, Clarisse. "Les mpitantara locaux dans le sud Betsileo Madagascar : Approche ethnographique de la philosophie et de la pratique des gardiens de la tradition." Paris, INALCO, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAL0029.
Full textMetais-Chastanier, Barbara. "L’Enquête à l’œuvre : la représentation inquiétée dans les dramaturgies contemporaines." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0863.
Full textThrough the analysis of about fifty plays, texts, and performances from the contemporary European repertoire, this study will consider dramatic representation as an anthropological fact involving practices of signs and interpretation, through the prism of the investigation – understood as a creation process, a structuring form but also a way of relating to the world and the spectator. A path of hypotheses and a laboratory of the cognitive and heuristic functions of representation, it appears that the investigation refers to this confusion through which theatre is thought to represent something. This dissertation therefore inscribes contemporary dramaturgies within the clue paradigm, coined by C. Ginzburg, in relation to novelistic forms of the investigation (naturalistic and detective novels). Thus it intends to repair the theoretical deficit plaguing this “master fiction” (D. Kalifa), opening a reflection on the meanings of reusing a modern approach, tied to the search for meaning and legibility in a time marked by postmodernism and characterized by an attitude of relativism and hermeneutic suspense. The use of scenes of trial, reconstitution, and questioning, studied in the second part, uncovers critical and reflexive operations in which the devices of truth production are questioned as politics and poetics of the sign. As for documentary writing – the focus of the third part, it appears crossed by three distinct orientations – assertive, constatative and interrogative – which will be identified according to their relations to the investigation
Prax-Dubois, Pascale. "La formation des enseignants du primaire à la Réunion : comment construire une éducation plurilingue?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAC001.
Full textWe question – from an ecological perspective here based on rhizome theory and the philosophy of network – the extent to which teachers in Reunion Island negotiate language policies through their implementation of plurilingual education. On the methodological level, we opted for a qualitative survey and an ethnographic approach as well as a critical analysis of classroom discourse. The results show that, among the three hypotheses proposed, the one concerning the impact of language awareness activities upon the mobilization of school students’ languages as resources for the whole class is confirmed, provided that it gives rise to the development of translanguaging and social transformation strategies more than compensatory strategies generated by a language-problem-vision. The study concludes on the priority to focus teacher training on an introduction to ethnographic research in sociodidactic workshops which purpose would be the development of a critical awareness of language
Mauxion-Chodorge, Marie. "Recherches sur les orientations ethnographiques de Freud : conscience féminine et gynécocratie." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100265.
Full textLovera, Arianna. "La banque autrement : une ethnographie des finances alternatives." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0020.
Full textCan a bank criticize capitalism, while both meeting the standards imposed by central banks and remaining economically viable? How can such a critique be formulated, from a theoretical and practical point of view? How can the success of this critique be evaluated? To answer these questions, the thesis analyzes three banking organizations active in the alternative finance sector: MAG6 and Banca Etica (Italy); la Nef (France). They fulfill the basic banking functions, namely the collecting of savings and granting of loans, and have taken the legal form of cooperatives. Unlike 'capitalist banks', all these organizations provide their clients and members with transparent information on the final destination of the collected money and adhere to both economic and social/environmental lending criteria. The activity of these banks and financial cooperatives has been studied comparatively in Italy and France through direct observations over several months, 49 semi-structured interviews, and a period of active participation as an intern and then employee at la Nef. In particular, the procedures to analyze loan applications, the definition of interest rates and guarantees, as well as creditors/debtors relationships are described. The thesis aims to answer the question of whether it is possible or not to deploy a banking activity alternative to that implemented by capitalist banks ; and the question of how MAG6, Banca Etica, and la Nef change the social reality
Prentovic, Sonja. "Youth Microcultures as Consumption Domains : Managing Spatial Vulnerability." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2024.
Full textConsumer research oriented on empowering consumer practices in marginalized spaces is rarely focused on those living in deprived neighbourhoods. The recent concept of spatial vulnerability introduces an approach to understand the practices of "vulnerable" consumers through the analysis of spaces of their creativity and alternative access to consumption. By conducting a multisite ethnography in two deprived neighbourhoods in Lyon agglomeration, our dissertation examines the meaning of microcultures of young consumers from these neighbourhoods in managing spatial vulnerability. Our data show that adolescents’ collective coping strategies are both supported by and dependent on local socio-educational institutions. The institutional dependence has a double meaning – i.e. as an indicator of consumption inadequacy, and as a source of creative resistance to spatial vulnerability and of alternative consumption. From the theoretical perspective, we complete an understanding of consumer vulnerability and their coping strategies through the resource-control interplay by adding to it a collective level of consumers’ resources and control of vulnerability. Through our study context we extend the concept of consumption inadequacy by introducing a persistent lack of access to cultural experiences, thus reflecting social deprivation and the potential way towards social and market exclusion. Our dissertation also provides a guidance for future research and offer recommendations for public policy interventions and cultural institutions actions
Peiro, Mickael. "L’organisation alternative fondée sur les valeurs : étude ethnographique d’une monnaie locale complémentaire et d’un hackerspace." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD012.
Full textThis research focuses on actors organized at the local level in order to struggle systems and practices oriented by capital accumulation. It observes the ability of individuals to produce value-based organizations and the structuring between pragmatic issues and actors’ values. This research is drawing on alternative organizations studies (Parker et al, 2014) and tries to answer the following questions: does the rationalization of the organization necessarily lead to the degeneration of values? What are the organizational conditions of social actions based on value? Do they generate an alternative form of legitimate order? In order to investigate these issues, the research studies on two alternative organizations located in the city of Montpellier. First the « Graine », a local currency that aims to provide an alternative to national currencies and globalized exchanges. Then the « Boat In a Bag », a group of hackers gathered within a common space to provide technological emancipation tools and a common space for free expression. Both stories are written from within, following an ethnographic methodology (Van Maanen, 1979). Accordingly, the qualitative analysis of 41 interviews has been associated with a daily involvement within both organizations, from November 2015 to June 2018. Thus, the case study of these two alternative value-based organizations deals with issues of hierarchy, rationalization, and new organizational principles built around the Do-It-Ocracy
Flayeux, Jean-Pierre. "L'amérindien et ses représentations cinématographiques : du mythe à l'anthropologie ?" Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030041.
Full textAs soon as christopher columbus discovered america, he described the native american but he miscontructed him, modified him according to his view, to his way of thinking. Those modifications have been established in writings, drawings, photographs and movies. Through an anthropological study, the indian and his different images will be analysed in order to understand how such a character could have been transformed to this level, how he gets reduced to some signs, to a couple of hints which erase all the other features. Only few tribes can be noticed in films in order to preserve this already mutilated image. Anyway, the audience would rather recognize than knowing it which makes the spectator dreaming even if the image is not genuine
Perrot, Mathieu. "Poésie et ethnographie : des marges du surréalisme à la Beat Generation (autour de Michaux, Césaire et Ginsberg)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100060.
Full textThat thesis examines the influence of anthropology on the poetics of Henri Michaux, Aimé Césaire and Allen Ginsberg. In studying their writing methods, I question their poetic insights and the limits of their observations to “translate a world” so far and different from “ours.” Surrealist and Beat poets shared common ethical and political views with many ethnographers, placing value on cultures (and cultural margins) often denigrated by industrialized western countries. Like ethnographers, poets work with metaphors and documents to interpret their experience and understanding of the world. Their interest in (and parodies of) ethnography not only propose a healthy way to criticize ethnographers’ ambitions, but also can help us understand each other’s cultures: poetic license and relative brevity of form sometimes reveal accurately or more vividly a cultural pattern that researchers struggle to explain. In the midst of an interconnected world where cultural misunderstandings escalate frequently and sometimes violently, poetry can help us gain or cultivate an awareness of social and cultural prejudice, and at the same time reveal the beauty in things once thought to be irrelevant, ignoble, or even despicable
Perrin, Emmanuelle. "Folklore et ethnographie de l'Egypte contemporaine : le "Dictionnaire des coutumes, des traditions et des expressions égyptiennes" ("Qâmûs al-'âdât wa-l-taqâlîd wa-l-ta'âbîr al-misriyya") de Ahmad Amîn." Paris, INALCO, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAL0015.
Full textThe "Dictionary of Egyptian Customs, Traditions and Phrases", published in 1953 by the scholar Ahmad Amin (1886-1954), is considered as one of the first texts recording and describing the Egyptian folklore, therefore defined as a subject worth being studied and recorded. This work, written in Arabic, contributes to formalizing this folklore, its beliefs, practices and know-how coming from oral, uncodified traditions. Often used as an ethnographical source for Egypt contemporary history, it has never been presented in its whole form. From an indexation of the articles by themes, the analysis of this dictionary shows us how traditions and folklore become a subject of study, how the notion of tradition can be constructed and what it consists of. According to Ahmad Amin, traditions first express the Egyptian identity. The interest focused on these traditions is then justified by the national dimension of the habits and customs he describes, as well as their historical interest. By recording traditions about to vanish, this dictionary keeps up the memory of ancient way of lives, part of collective memory and identity, and integrates them into Egyptian history. Traditions are also considered with a critical point of view, in terms of cultural normalisation, which as well participates in the definition - or the invention- of the Egyptian folklore
Goffinet, Bruno. "Entre Kuma et Kune. Lectures socio-littéraires des rires romanesques dans la Collection « Monde noir poche », Hatier 1980-1988." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL169.
Full textSo as to unterstand the authentic structuration of the africain fictional story, strata can be gently removed from the patent Serious and the realistic Derision out of several universes on their permanent revolving orbit. It is the mission assumed by this thesis, by the first meaning of the word « symbolic », insofar as it first confronted with the great theories of laughter in literature as a social action coming from an esoteric native quest. Promoting demystification both of the writing and readind object and of the subject at the end of a thirty-year ood period of post-colonialism, an immemorial framework of initiated status can be discovered, made of deposed princes, blind novices or unloved witches. They suggest, along with many others, a temptation : to distinguish, under the page printed by cooperation, the casting of an inhuman tragicomedy overflew by the unique black Writer, guided throught his hells by a natural philosopher. In this research of the ironical ancestral survival, thanks to the risible human contingency, this arrangement of the african signs reveals in its turn the refoundation of a discourse as old as the historical Cynism. This has been misguided by its inert-pragmatic avatars, quickly transformed into permanent machiavellianisms. Under the illumining of this novelistic lantern, in the societal daylight of the dark franco-african subcontinent, the spontaneous or cultured laughters, and the more subtly expressed roarings, find a way for their supposed common approach : to literarily promote individuals and collectivities, in a black world freed from unspeakable barbarity, lacking in the least scruple of humour other than a sadictic one
Robineau, Colin. "La politisation en terrain militant « radical » : ethnographie d’un squat d’activités de l’Est Parisien." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020055.
Full textThis doctorate thesis is based on a two-year-long participant observation within “La Kuizine”, a social center squat in East Paris that was opened by Marxist and/or Anarchist activists. This piece presents itself as a contribution to the study of the renewal of critical enterprises and protest practices and offers empirical work that can aid in the understanding of public spaces today. A large portion is dedicated to ethnographic material in this thesis – the work here adopts a perspective that borrows both from the interactionist tradition of the third school of Chicago and from the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu in order to reveal the mechanisms of domination (re)produced within “La Kuizine” and the forms of “lateral possible” that are experimented within this space. Indeed, the activist group responsible for founding this squat had as its main goal to make it a space of “class solidarity” by organizing various workshops (including a sliding scale donation daily meal) for workers and inhabitant of the neighborhood. The modus operandi of the space is self-management and collective decision making. The social and communicational analysis of this space is at the crossroads between several fields of research: political science, sociology, anthropology and communication studies. Thus, this doctorate thesis studies various objects in a cross-disciplinary manner: the social construction of radical commitment, the relations to the political and media fields of a micro-protest-space, the processes of political socialization as well as the conditions for the possibility of a critique of the social order
Damiens, Caroline. "Fabriquer les peuples du Nord dans les films soviétiques : acteurs, pratiques et représentations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF013/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the representations of indigenous peoples of the North in Soviet fiction films and made for TV movies. Mobilizing several approaches — film analysis, the cultural history of cinema, the history of representations and Soviet political history — it confronts films with non-film sources (press, paper archives, interviews) in order to highlight the construction of a subjective point of view. It also studies the production of these representations, in both its most concrete and symbolic dimensions. The issue of the participation or non-participation of indigenous peoples in the creation of their image on film, whether in front of or behind the camera, is another central question. The filmic representations of the peoples of the North, constantly torn between visions of “progress” and “authenticity,” operate on the screen as images that allowed the Soviet Union to evaluate its own perception of modernity. From the 1920s to the 1980s, images of indigenous people shifted along a spectrum ranging from the incarnation of backwardness to be eliminated in the name of Sovietization to the embodiment of harmony with nature, now lost or threatened. Moreover, taking into account the question of the contribution of the indigenous people to the creation of their own image, this thesis demonstrates that cinema became a complex space, where different readings and uses were possible according to the position of the participants
Vernet, Samuel. "Discours, idéologies linguistiques et enseignement du français à l'Université de Moncton." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL021/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the discourses and the linguistic ideologies present in the teaching of French at the Université de Moncton, in New Brunswick’s Acadia (Canada), a francophone minority region. Through the key concepts that are “ideologies”, “discourses” and “linguistic norms”, the aim is to understand what discourses and ideologies are circulating in French teaching. What discourses are legitimate, dominating? How and why do some of them become hegemonic? What stakes, interests, do the social actors reveal (professors, students, and staff)? Of what ideologies are these discourses the actualization? How and why are these ideologies invested by these actors, who benefits from them? In general, it is a matter of questioning the role of French teaching in the construction of ideologies: that is to say what ideologies teaching participates to build / spread / reproduce? Furthermore, the relation of people to language should be questioned, in regards to the changes that are indeed linguistic, but also economic, social, political.These questions have been investigated by a year-long ethnographic inquiry in the premises of the Université de Moncton. Different methods of data gathering were set up: participant observation (especially of the obligatory French courses during a whole semester), interviews with students and professors, collecting documents and internal reports (to grasp the institutional aspects). All these data form a corpus of discourses, analysed using critical discourse analysis and argumentative discourse analysis. It is, then, an interpretative approach, which is in my opinion, the best to offer an accurate view of complex sociolinguistic dynamics.These analyses reveal a willingness to teach a French called “standard”, an idealized form, supposed to be stable and more or less universal, which could grant it an importance and a greater utility in public space. But at the same time, the acute awareness of identity issues behind linguistic subjects requires teachers to address the “vernaculars” issue, especially the Chiac. What place could they have? How to handle them in class? In other words, the presence of both a very implemented standard ideology and discourses about linguistic diversity and the protection of identities, creates a series of tensions and negotiations that are analysed in this thesis.Following the orientation I give to the study of ideologies, these tensions will be analysed in terms of institutionalized power relations and domination processes, and seen as potentially generative of discriminations and inequalities. These dynamics are observed in their link to a situation of minorization. That is to say, the way minority (in its demographic meaning) can be the result of power relations, but also has a capacity to generate or dissimulate other power relations
Juan, Cantavella Anna. "Espace urbain, art et utopie : une approche critique de la dimension utopique dans l'artiation des espaces urbains de la ville." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443791.
Full textDervis, Philip. "Enseignement des sciences, méthode scientifique, la formation de l’esprit critique : contribution à une anthropologie des pratiques de l’enseignement des sciences à l’ère du numérique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3087/document.
Full text“Think global, act local” this formula used at the first environmental summit in 1972, seems synthesize the mind of sustainable development. Today, at Internet age, when we teach science, is required to have a global vision of the world for local action teaching. At Internet time, how a global vision of the World influences local action like science teaching? For report what could be the science teacher life in this digital age, we conducted an ethnographic participant study by becoming a physical chemistry professor in a middle school in the Haut-Var, in France. During those years, while occupying a real place in the life of the school, we questioned the science object, its history, its actors, its media coverage, and its presence in our environment, school and his social challenges. And of course, require time and resources, drawing from what existed on the Web, we have set up and maintained a blog pedagogical science: Discover and measure the World
Djankoff, Christine Gamita M. "Essai d'anthropologie visuelle & sonore d'un "rite élémentaire" - Film de recherche "La joie du feu" : ethnographie de la permanence d'une praxie ontologique pyrobate & de la croyance afférente en Europe orientale." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070095.
Full textNowadays in Europe, the "Nestinari" from Bulgaria, the "Anestenarides" from Northern Greece dance on burning charcoals, enlightened by the same enthusiasm as the pyrobates from septentrional Spain and the "Nyungwes of Tété" from Southern Africa : its "elementary rite of walking or dancing on fire was discussed through the perspectives of its origins, of its sociopsychological and obviously neurophysiological mechanisms — in connection with the belief of the incombustibility and insensitivity of the human body - , of its individual and collective behaviours , of its historical evolution, as well as its social meanings. This point of view relies on a zetetic methodological and philosophical tradition, related to the ethnological domain. The point was to give rise to a "transverse synergy" in order to directly involve the parallelism of the various branches of the social sciences considering the rite: and the "way of communication" as a whole, while building gradually a conception in a pilot matter thanks to visual anthropology. Its interest can thus be summarised as follows : - Allowing to deepen a assumablely not described cultural event, - Determining more accurately the influence of the social environment throughout the unfolding of this event. This research includes in its analysis the realisation of an audio-visual document in the anthropological range, the portrait of a "Nestinarka", included and argued in this digitally formatted work
Maillard, Fabienne. "L’art photographique de Pierre Verger : la modernité d’un regard (1932-1960)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040220.
Full text"The photographic art of Pierre Verger: the modernity of a regard" proposes a new lecture to the photographic work of Pierre Verger, from 1932 to 1960, and through a unic corpus it emphasizes on the modernity and singularity of his work. His photographic work is firstly linked to the snapshop, through his photo-documentary for media, edition, and the Alliance Photo agency. These various experiences contribute to reveal an "esthetic of documentary" whose brazilian period from 1946 to 1948 marks the apogee. His interest for non-western cultures, more particularly the black world, orientates his work to an ethnographic-photography, in a perspective of memory. The idea of modernity which underlines his work has to be considerated non only for its creativity and its links with the French New Photography of the 1930's and the humanist photography, but also from its perception of the foreigner generating a new representation of the Other
Quaireau, Anne-Florence. "L’Irlandaise et le Peau-Rouge : le jeu des identités dans la production canadienne d’Anna Jameson." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040185.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on Irish authoress Anna Jameson’s artistic and personal production during her travel to Canada from December 1836 to December 1837, namely: her travel narrative, Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada (1838), the album of sketches she drew while there, and the letters she wrote during the period. A joint analysis of these three media reveals the political scope of the traveller-writer’s elaborating of her identity. Her generic negotiations — delivering a narrative at the crossroads between diary, letter and travel writing —, her ethnographic writing of the Indian, as well as her perception of the Canadian landscape, all serve a proto-feminist agenda, arguing first and foremost for the education of women. From Europe to Canada, in a perpetual shift between collective and individual identity, travelling enables re-envisioning: the representation of Canada becomes a revision of Great Britain, the writing of the Other turns into a reconstruction of the Self, and conversely. The travel narrative becomes the locus of the refiguration of Jameson’s identity, as her contact with Others — settlers or Indians —, at times through differentiation, at times through identification, enables her to rewrite herself as a free woman. The freedom which writing allows for is manifest in the play of identities, in the rambling through which Anna Jameson reconfigures the definition of woman in the 19th century
Schmitz, Theresa Maria Karolin. "L'opéra pour enfants. : une étude interdisciplinaire de la création musicale à destination de l'enfant-spectateur." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0104.
Full textThe present research aims to evaluate the world of children's opera: what meaning do music productions for young audiences have for opera houses, for contemporary music "and for children's lives? First, a comparative analysis focusing on existing practices aims to describe the children's opera world in Europe, as well as to outline socio-cultural and political circumstances which led to this specific form of the operatic genre: productions for young audiences. A confrontation of theories developed by the new sociology of childhood, the phenomena of cultural democratization, and the discourse of the opera houses themselves reveals the artistic, pedagogic and socio-political meaning of children's operas. A rnusicological analysis of 7 children's operas premiered from 2001 to 2011 outlines the central question of the genre: are there any differences in composing and staging for children as compared to a general audience? This second part of the thesis presents some of the key features of children's operas. Finally, several ethnographies look at the experience of more than 600 children aged 4 to 12 when faced with these 7 operas. The collected data is analyzed by considering children's worlds and cultures in Western Europe (Germany, Austria, Italy, France and UK). To conclude, these ethnographies show that operas for young audiences are a positive experience for children. This is why they generally welcome a genre (opera) and a type of music (contemporary art music) which typically suffers from negative stereotypes. Thus, children's operas become a playful ambassador, innovative and non-conventional, of the opera genre
Babou, Igor. "Rationalité & nature. Une approche communicationnelle." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461608.
Full textZamani, Mohammadamin. "Théâtre, ville et pouvoir: Pour une étude de la spatialité urbaine du théâtre à Téhéran (2009-2019)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/313327/5/Contrat.pdf.
Full textThis thesis studies the theatre and its transformations in the socio-political context of Tehran between 2009 and 2019 through the question of spatiality (Lussault, 2007). This period is characterized, on the one hand, by the blossoming of new performance spaces of various architectural, urban and institutional natures throughout the city and, on the other hand, by the appearance of new forms of appropriation of urban spaces for theatrical purposes by artists and spectators. To question these mutations, this study analyses the three case studies – representative of private theatre, off stage theatre and underground theatre - from a theoretical approach that combines social production of space and social construction of space (Low, 2017). In doing so, the present thesis demonstrates that beyond the aesthetic and dramaturgical dimensions, the evolution of the theatre scene in Tehran results from a more significant change in the urban spatiality of the theatre. This materializes, on the one hand, in the transformation of the spatial organization of the theatre within the urban context and, on the other hand, in the ways in which the social and political relations and dynamics of the city are spatialized in the theatre. As a result of this double process, and in the tense and changing socio-political conjunctures of Tehran in 2010s, the theatre space, hitherto an almost compartmentalized space excluded from the public sphere, is manifesting itself as a new public space. Not only it becomes the political field where different political and social forces meet (Balme,2014), it also turns into one of the principal elements in the power dynamics among them. Its production as an architectural and urban entity, its occupation, its appropriation and even its social, symbolic and discursive characteristics and boundaries are then the object of struggles, debates, negotiations and interventions - among the most tense and even virulent ones that the Iranian capital has experienced in the last decade - on the part of the three main forces :the authoritarian and ideological power in place, the economic and financial operators and the citizens, in this case artists and spectators. On the one hand, the dominant political, ideological and financial forces are establishing the privatization of theatre, which is conceptualized here as a spatial strategy. (De Certeau, 1990). They regulate theatre space, its production and use through multiple processes of political, ideological and economic exclusion, homogenization and domination. On the other hand, citizens deploy tactics (De Certeau) that is, new forms of appropriation of space within the breaches, inconsistencies and interstices of the dominant strategy. As a result, urban spaces produced, regulated and monitored for political, ideological or even capitalist purposes immediately become the fields for new forms of artists and spectators’ agencies. Sometimes these forms take the form of acts of resistance, struggle, contestation (the Underground theatre), sometimes of negotiation, compromise (the private theatres) or even circumvention and counter-experiences (the Off Stage theatre). However, whatever the form and consequences of these interactions, they open up breaches and fractures in the political, ideological and economic order that dominates the city and its space. They thus make possible the emergence and survival of forms of otherness in the public sphere and the public space.
Doctorat en Arts du spectacle et technique de diffusion et de communication
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Cheval, Olivier. "Le partage de la douleur : une anthropologie figurative du cinéma contemporain." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2139.
Full textThis work started with two crucial insights from Georges Bataille’s œuvre. On the one hand, Bataille formulated a law on the constitution of community in the Collège de Sociologie: “Human beings are only linked together by wrenches or wounds”. On the second hand, he elaborated the idea that works of art are, since Lascaux, the traces of an archaeology of men’s community life, the code of a “non-savoir” about the sacred sphere which ties men together thanks to some borderline figures (the corpse, the tears, the orgy, the sacrifice). These two ideas allow me to define figurative anthropology as the discipline that seeks a figural thought of community in images, and the sharing of pain as one of its privileged objects. Contemporary thoughts of community (Jean-Luc Nancy, Giorgio Agamben, Roberto Esposito) allow me to state this hypothesis: contemporary cinema is not pertaining to the political construction of a people but to the figuration of communities which find in this very sharing their sole purpose. Only a figural work can contravene to the loneliness of a suffering body and break its closed isolation into include it in a pathetic group that synchronises gestures and assembles fleshes. The international corpus of films that I put together about the survival of figures of communion (Joao Pedro Rodrigues, Pedro Costa, Béla Tarr, Steve McQueen, Bruno Dumont) or the choreographic figuration of care (Tsai Ming-liang, Apichatpong Weerasehtakul, Vincent Gallo, Gus Van Sant) comes under a figurative realism which has not to be studied from the point of view of the politics of aesthetics (Jacques Rancière), but of the impolitics of beauty: that is to say that art is the place where the capacity for suffering and sharing, without leading to a political construction, allows the hope of an imminent community
Rioux-Dubois, Annie. "L'intégration et la négociation du rôle de l'infirmière praticienne en soins de santé primaires en contexte de collaboration interprofessionnelle." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38717.
Full textRidley, Simon. "Les sens de la liberté d’expression : socio-anthropologie comparative des campus de Berkeley et de Nanterre : appropriations, retournements, récupérations, recompositions et prolongements des mémoires collectives du Free Speech Movement de 1964 et du Mouvement du 22 Mars de 1968." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100013.
Full textThe university is one of the strongest institutions of the modern era. After having been a prime place for dissent in the 1960s, today it is the target of unprecedented attacks by the far-right. This work aims to follow a conflict of definition via a multi-sited ethnography using freedom of expression on university campuses as a world for research. The method combines comparative historical sociology – of the Free Speech Movement (1964) and the Mouvement du 22 Mars (1968) – with a socio-anthropological approach, to shed light over the dualization of the collective memories of student movements. Taking an inductive approach, I travel with my fieldwork via commemorative rites, terrorist attacks, an immersion in several revolutionary groups and a diversity of autonomous practices, all the way to the Trump inauguration and the battle of free speech with the rise of the alt-right and the far-right shows/meetings on campuses, and a series of urban riots. The systematic radical contextualization as well as the practice and genealogy of archives, a living knowledge and lateral comparison, commit to a historical study of the university. Against the theories of human capital and of democracy as a marketplace of ideas, I trace the questions of emancipation following the emergence of a « civic generation » after 1944 to the uses of digital technologies as cultural attacks on democracy. This political ethnography encourages us to (re)think sociology and critical pedagogy as counter-discourses against an anti-intellectual culture, and in doing so it aims to empower a culture of democratic intelligence, a reflexive heritage
Angeline, Marilyn Natacha Beryl. "Etude critique et auto ethnographique du role de la femme a travers les oeuvres d'auteurs tels que Ananda Devi, Arthur Golden, Dominique Lapierre, Naguib Mahfouz et Marie NDiaye." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22184.
Full textCharette, Carole. "Recherche ethnographique sur le Design-Based-Learning (DBL) : le processus de design comme stratégie d'enseignement et d'apprentissage et comme stimulant à la pensée critique, à la résolution de problèmes et au transfert de connaissance." Thesis, 2008. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976354/1/NR63410.pdf.
Full textGauthier, Maude. "Intimité au Québec : étude ethnographique d'un réseau personnel." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11411.
Full textThis thesis addresses contemporary transformations of intimacy, from family to friendship, as it is experienced in the everyday life of my personal network of relationships. It takes into account the flexible character and the multiplicity of arrangements of contemporary relationships (Allan, 2008; Stacey, 1991). I focus on some tensions in our intimate lives as a way to critically examine norms and ideals regarding intimacy. Inspired by queer theory, I address intimacy with a critical perspective drawing on authors such as Berlant (2000) and Butler (2002), who question the norms of lasting relationships that are associated with familial love and with the communicational ideal of self-disclosure. Personal experience is the site where these tensions appear and it is the starting point from which a nuanced critique can be developed. The ethnography I have conducted with people in their twenties and their thirties combined a series of methods: observation, reflexivity, individual and group interviews with thirteen persons, visual methods (creation of schemas and drawings). Grounded in communication studies, my research is trans-disciplinary and mobilises sociological studies and philosophical essays, among others. It portrays intimacy in Quebec, and more specifically in my personal network composed of small groups and dyads. This network is mainly comprised of young adults, open to non-traditional intimacies (such as same-sex couples) in the Montreal metropolitan area. My analyses explore the forms of intimacy that characterize my network, including both conventional (e.g. the couple, the family) and less conventional (e.g. celibacy) forms of intimacy. Thus, I analyze the ways in which the norms and ideals of intimacy, such as the couple, are performed, generate meaning and affect various people in different ways. My analyses link collective ideals to concrete and material practices, such as the investment of intimacy in the house and private property. I also turn to some forms of intimacy that are usually given less attention than the couple or the family, mainly small groups of friends. My approach to communication decenters self-disclosure between two people, which is generally perceived as a communication practice at the heart of intimacy (Jamieson, 1998). Instead of focussing on this practice, I analyse how this communication ideal is articulated to couple, family, and friendship norms, and combines to other practices, such as the use of mobile and digital media. In the final discussion, I summarize the main elements of my thesis and reflect upon some challenges raised by the articulation of critical and empirical studies. In sum, the contribution of this research lies in its analysis of lived realities and micro contexts, using concepts from critical and cultural theory.
Turcot, DiFruscia Kim. "Homo Managerialis : une ethnographie des gestionnaires de ressources humaines." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10786.
Full textAs a device of power for contemporary capitalism, human resources management is a multifaceted paradigm: it is omnipresent and in constant expansion within North American organizations. For over a century, in its triple capacity as provider of practical assistance to the business world, font of therapeutic workplace control and body of psycho-administrative knowledge, human resources management has been busy reshaping the human worker to conform to liberal capitalistic imperatives. The goal of this dissertation is to further comprehend the power and durability of the human resources paradigm, using ethnography to delve into the experience of the professionals, experts and managers who are its protagonists. The political nature of the managerial phenomenon can be discerned in the meaning these players give to their roles, in their aspirations and rationalizations. Its political stance is embodied in human resources managers' paradoxical use of the power of conflict: at the same time as they position themselves as experts in eliminating conflictuality in the workplace, their discourses, knowledge, legitimations, practices and logics fan the flames of the dissonances they propose to eliminate. As a "humanizing" force in the workplace, and as a guardian of the established order, the human resources paradigm serves contemporary capitalism by absorbing, confusing and blurring the outlines of its fundamental contradictions. And, because the managerial apparatus's power resides precisely in its capacity to dissolve opposition to itself, this dissertation also becomes a reflection on the conditions, limits and possibilities of critique in the anthropology of contemporary subjectivations.
Bernard, Laurence. "Analyse critique de la culture de sécurité face aux risques biologiques et pandémiques pour les infirmières." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8552.
Full textAt an international, national or provincial level, there is a growing concern related to biological risks and infectious disease. Emerging diseases such as SARS or influenza A/H1N1 brought a pandemic risk management and the development of emergency measures to control these risks: developing a safety culture has become a research priority for the WHO. However, few writings exist about the desire to secure health and well-being through a variety of devices in which the discourses takes a predominant place as regards of security against biological risks. From the perspective of prevention and infection control (PCI), in which the nurses specialize, a socio-political reflexion was necessary since they are at the forefront in providing care to the population. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to explore the discourses surrounding the safety culture against biological risks in the context of a Quebec healthcare facility “Centre de santé et de services sociaux” (CSSS). Biological hazards are perceived as identifiable, measurable and avoidable if the nurses apply the preventive and infection control measures, which is part of a positivist perspective of risk (Lupton, 1999). Managing these risks is declined through a purification and protection rituals in order to protect themselves from any infectious disease. Faced with these risks, a unique safety culture is emerging in the CSSS following a disease prevention perspective. However, the desired safety culture is faced with a mosaic of cultures that cover different ways to apply or not the prevention and infection control (PIC) measures according to participants. The contribution of this research is important within the prevention and control of infection field for Quebecois nurses. Critical analysis of power relations has raised questions about nursing surveillance, valorized confession policy, punishment for any deviation from the normative application of the PCI standards, monitoring by the nursing managers and subjugation of bodies within disciplinary mechanisms. It made it possible to document the presence of safety devices in conjunction with maintaining statistics on patients who are listed as infectious cases, but also in terms of flux of person’s movements within the institution. The presence of a pastoral power is perceptible in the translation of the administrative role of nurse who must ensure that its teams act in the right way and apply the preferred CSSS PIC standards to regulate the rate of nosocomial infections present within the establishment. In case of non-compliance with PIC related measures to hand hygiene or vaccination, the nurse may be subject to disciplinary action from the warning, the relocation, the exclusion or suspension of the employment. A culture of blame has been described by the search for a culprit in the institution. Within the CSSS, the Other is perceived as being the source of contamination, while the Self is seen as free from any risk from the moment the nurse respects the standards of hygiene of life in terms of healthy dietary habits and physical activity. In addition, nurses must respect the PIC standards they know little, since the research participants noted the lack of academic and continuous training concerning infectious diseases, biological hazards and safety culture that they consider prioritized by their health institution. Power produces effects on the bodies by modifying them. This ethnographic study criticizes, made it possible to raise the sociopolitic stakes connected to the involved speeches and to clarify what Foucault called the government of the bodies and his effects which are capillaries in the nurse’s daily normalities. Further researches are necessary to explore this nursing speciality and to link academic and continuous training to clinical infectious realities.
Bourbonnais, Anne. "Les sens des cris de personnes âgées vivant avec une démence en centre d’hébergement et de soins de longue durée." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3222.
Full textEighty percent of people admitted in nursing homes live with dementia (Conseil des aînés, 2007). Many of these elderly persons scream. Research on this population does not provide a useful basis for understanding this behavior which would enable to guide the choice of appropriate interventions to help the elderly and the people who hear them. The purpose of this research was to describe –with the help of elderly persons, their family and their professional caregivers– the meanings of screams in the elderly with dementia and their influencing factors, using Leininger’s (2001) nursing perspective and Adams and Gardiner’s (2005) theory of communication and interaction within dementia care triads. Critical ethnography was selected as the research design. Seven triads –composed of elderly persons with dementia that scream, primary family caregivers, and formal caregivers– were recruited from a nursing home according to a theoretical sampling procedure. Various data collection methods were used, particularly, the observation of elderly persons and their environment as well as semi-structured interviews with their family and formal caregivers. Spradley’s (1979) four types of ethnographic analysis: domains, taxonomic, componential and themes analysis were used. The results lead to emergent themes on the meanings of screams and on their influencing factors. The meanings of screams can be related to the vulnerability, suffering, and loss of meaning experienced by the elderly. This behavior can also represent various final outcomes, for example, the expression of dissatisfaction or of emotions. These outcomes can be differentiated by modulation criteria such as predictability of screams or emotional facial expressions. Various aspects of the meanings of screams make them singular. Some factors that influence the meanings of screams are the stability and flexibility of nursing care and the effect that the elderly who scream and the persons in the nursing home surrounding them have on each other. The screams of each person also prove to be a unique language that can be learned by family and formal caregivers which can in turn change the interpretation of the screams. Other influencing factors are the respect of the wishes, needs, and personality of the elderly person, fluctuations in power relations within the elderly-family-caregivers triads and feelings of powerlessness and guilt in family and formal caregivers. Knowledge generated by this study increases our understanding on the meanings of screams in elderly persons with dementia. It has implications for research, education, clinical practice and management that could contribute to caring and culturally congruent care for elderly persons with dementia and the people around them.
Lavallée, Marie-Hélène. "Les significations du processus transitionnel de personnes âgées hospitalisées nécessitant un hébergement permanent et vivant de multiples relocalisations." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11570.
Full textIn the province of Quebec, hospitalized older people requiring placement in public intermediate or long-term care facilities can be relocated multiple times within a hospital and between various institutions before a permanent place becomes available. This practice may have consequences on their health. The meanings that older people ascribe to this experience are unknow but can influence the older persons’ transitional process and shape the nature of the impacts on their health and well-being. Based on Meleis’ transition theory (2010), a critical microethnography study was designed aiming to understand the meanings of the transitional process of hospitalized older people requiring placement and living multiple relocations. The sample consisted of eight older persons who experienced at least two relocations while waiting for definite placement. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and informal conversations. Data analysis followed the six steps method described by Braun and Clarke (2006). The results of this thematic analysis revealed that older people live spatial and temporal discontinuities during their transitional experience to which they assign meanings. These meanings are the perception to live long waiting periods in temporary places, rapid and unannounced relocations and emotional cuts. The uncertainty and helplessness that older people feel at different levels are also meanings that emerge from the transitional process. Another meaning ascribed by older people to their transitional experience is the great importance of "little things" of everyday life. Knowledge generated from this study has implications in various nursing fields. In particular, they offer ways to improve health and well-being in older people living a transitional process.