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1
Huang, Xin, and 黃昕. "Exploring critical-state behaviour using DEM." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206742.
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The critical state soil mechanics (CSSM) framework originally proposed by Schofield & Wroth (1968) has been shown to capture the mechanical behaviour of soils effectively. The particulate implementation of the discrete element method (DEM) can replicate many of the complex mechanical characteristics associated with sand. This research firstly shows that the CSSM framework is useful to assess whether a DEM simulation gives a response that is representative of a real soil. The research then explores the capacity of DEM to extend understanding of soil behaviour within the CSSM framework.
The influence of sample size on the critical-state response observed in DEM simulations that use rigid-wall boundaries was examined. The observed sensitivity was shown to be caused by higher void ratios and lower contact densities adjacent to the boundaries. When the void ratio (e) and mean stress (p’) of the homogeneous interior regions were considered, the influence of sample size on the position of the critical state line (CSL) in e-log(p’) space diminished.
A parametric study on the influence of the interparticle friction (μ) on the load-deformation response was carried out. The macro-scale stress-deformation characteristics were nonlinearly related to μ and the particle-scale measures (fabric, contact force distribution, etc.) varied systematically with μ. The limited effect of increases in μ on the overall strength at high μ values (μ>0.5) is attributable to transition from sliding-dominant to rolling-dominant contact behaviour. A μ value higher than 0.5 leads to a CSL in e-log(p’) space that does not capture real soil response.
True-triaxial simulations with different intermediate stress ratios (b) were performed. The dependency of strength on b agreed with empirical failure criteria for sands and was related to a change of buckling modes of the strong force chains as b increased. DEM simulations showed that the position of the CSL in e-log(p’) space depends on the intermediate stress ratio b. This sensitivity seems to be related to the dependency of the directional fabric anisotropy on b. The link between the state parameter and both soil strength and dilatancy proposed by Jefferies & Been (2006) was reproduced in DEM simulations.
A new rotational resistance model was proposed and it was shown that the new model can qualitatively capture the influence of particle shape on the mechanical behaviour of sand. However, it was shown that the effect of rotational resistance is limited and to quantitatively compare the DEM simulation results with laboratory testing data, e.g., the critical-state loci, it is necessary to use non-spherical particles.published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
2
Huang, Xin. "Exploring critical-state behaviour using DEM." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25316.
Full textAbstract:
The critical state soil mechanics (CSSM) framework originally proposed by Schofield & Wroth (1968) has been shown to capture the mechanical behaviour of soils effectively. The particulate implementation of the discrete element method (DEM) can replicate many of the complex mechanical characteristics associated with sand. This research firstly shows that the CSSM framework is useful to assess whether a DEM simulation gives a response that is representative of a real soil. The research then explores the capacity of DEM to extend understanding of soil behaviour within the CSSM framework. The influence of sample size on the critical-state response observed in DEM simulations that use rigid-wall boundaries was examined. The observed sensitivity was shown to be caused by higher void ratios and lower contact densities adjacent to the boundaries. When the void ratio (e) and mean stress (p') of the homogeneous interior regions were considered, the influence of sample size on the position of the critical state line (CSL) in e-log(p') space diminished. A parametric study on the influence of the interparticle friction (μ) on the load-deformation response was carried out. The macro-scale stress-deformation characteristics were nonlinearly related to μ and the particle-scale measures (fabric, contact force distribution, etc.) varied systematically with μ. The limited effect of increases in μ on the overall strength at high μ values (μ > 0.5) is attributable to transition from sliding-dominant to rolling-dominant contact behaviour. A μ value higher than 0.5 leads to a CSL in e-log(p') space that does not capture real soil response. True-triaxial simulations with different intermediate stress ratios (b) were performed. The dependency of strength on b agreed with empirical failure criteria for sands and was related to a change of buckling modes of the strong force chains as b increased. DEM simulations showed that the position of the CSL in e-log(p') space depends on the intermediate stress ratio b. This sensitivity seems to be related to the dependency of the directional fabric anisotropy on b. The link between the state parameter and both soil strength and dilatancy proposed by Jefferies & Been (2006) was reproduced in DEM simulations. A new rotational resistance model was proposed and it was shown that the new model can qualitatively capture the influence of particle shape on the mechanical behaviour of sand. However, it was shown that the effect of rotational resistance is limited and to quantitatively compare the DEM simulation results with laboratory testing data, e.g., the critical-state loci, it is necessary to use non-spherical particles.
3
Adams, Bankole A. "Critical state behaviour of an agricultural soil." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ27072.pdf.
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Sivakumar, Vinayagamoorthy. "A critical state framework for unsaturated soil." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262072.
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Garner, Michael Wilson Jr. "Nation State Threat Actions Against Critical Energy Infrastructures." Thesis, Utica College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10686214.
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The purpose of this capstone project was to examine vulnerabilities of the Energy Industry that could be exploited by Nation State Threat Actors and the impact as a result of a cyber-attack. The research questions were developed to identify key areas of concern as they relate to our nation’s most critical infrastructure. This study explored what systems are currently being deployed within U.S. power grids and what response plans exist in the event of a cyber-attack against those systems. It included an investigation on how an Internet of Things device can be exploited and leveraged against current U.S. power grids and what Nation States pose potential threats. This study looked at a history of attacks against foreign energy infrastructure and examined the analysis that were done after those attacks. Those findings were then compared to existing systems used within the U.S. Energy Industry. The literature review process examined the current U.S. power grid system design, response plans to cyber-attacks on power grids, Nation States that could be identified as potential threats against the U.S. power grids and other critical infrastructures. The findings of this project found that the reality of a cyber-attack against the Energy Industry is not only possible but is probable.
6
Estabragh, Ali R. "Yielding and critical state of unsaturate silty soils:." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494240.
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Wessel, Judith Ann. "Critical elements of the state extension specialists position /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262825074435.
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Adamopoulos, Nikolaos. "Critical currents in a composite superconductor." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321092.
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Khong, Cuong Doan. "Development and numerical evaluation of unified critical state models." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10120/.
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With the increased availability of computers of various sizes, it is becoming more common to predict the responses of geotechnical structures using numerical analyses which incorporate more realistic models of soil behaviour. The main objective of this research is to develop and evaluate a series of unified critical state models. These models are then used to solve some typical boundary value problems in geotechnical engineering. The new models are based on a critical state model called CASM which was formulated based on both the state parameter concept and a non associated flow rule. The main feature of CASM is that a single set of yield and plastic potential functions is used to model the behaviour of clay and sand under both drained and undrained loading conditions. These models are developed by incorporating a new non-linear elasticity rule, the combined hardening concept and the bounding surface plasticity theory. A new non-linear elasticity rule for clay materials is introduced into CASM, this gives a better prediction on the behaviour of soil. The new combined volumetric-deviatoric hardening model is named CASM-d and provides a better prediction of the behaviour of lightly overconsolidated clays and loose sands. The new bounding surface model is named CASM-b and provides a more realistic prediction of soil behaviour inside the state boundary surface. The new cyclic bounding surface model is named CASM-c and provides a good prediction of soil behaviour under cyclic loading conditions. To evaluate their adequacy, CASM and its extensions are implemented into a finite element package called CRISP. This program was specifically developed to incorporate the critical state type of constitutive models. The analyses of a variety of typical geotechnical engineering problems are carried out to further check the validity of the new constitutive models. The models prove themselves to be very robust and useful tools for solving a wide range of practical geotechnical problems under different loading conditions.
10
Altuhafi, F. N. "The mechanical behaviour and critical state of glacial sediments." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444490/.
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This research contributes to the debate on glacier dynamics, which have a significant effect on global climate change and sea-level changes. Glacier advances and retreats have great effects which can be viewed not only from their influence upon human and habitats within their immediate locality but their much more pervasive influence on all global habitats due to the effect of modern ice masses on global climate and sea-level. One of the most fundamental characteristics of glaciers and ice sheets is their ability to move. In the early models adopted to simulate glacier flow, glaciers were thought to rest on clean bedrock. However, borehole studies in different glacial areas revealed the presence of a bed of deformable sediment underneath some glaciers. Although the old common model assumed that glacier movement is generated by sliding processes, recent research proved that a high percentage of glacier movement is attributed to the shearing process of the saturated bed sediment. In the glacial environment, sediment production, deformation and deposition cannot be separated conceptually. Sediments produced by the direct erosion of lithified material by glacier ice typically contain particles spanning a large size distribution. Frequent interaction, between particles and between particles and the rigid bed, results in their substantial modification during transport. Inter-particle stresses are often high enough to cause fracture and abrasion of particles. The grain size distribution of sediments is a fundamental control on sediment deformation properties. The evolution of particle size distribution of glacial sediment, due to glacier movement, would result in an increase in the fine modes of their particles with the increase of transport distance, but there appears to be a lower size limit beyond which no further particle crushing occurs, regardless of transport distance. This complies with those findings which studied breakage potentials of some granular soils. Tests carried out on samples of a glacial sediment which were collected from Langjokull-Iceland, indicated that this sediment had been subjected to pervasive deformation underneath glaciers, which involved sediment particle breakage, resulting in this sediment reaching a terminal grading state such that no further significant particle breakage could be achieved under any further pressure or strains. The sediment behaviour accordingly was completely different to that expected for granular soils which follow a Critical State (CS) framework. The sediment exhibited a stiff behaviour represented by the lack of a clear yielding point in its compression curves, and no unique Normal Compression Line was observed, indicating that a transitional behaviour can be obtained from this sediment which has reached its terminal grading. On the other hand, a differently graded sample from the same sediment exhibited a behaviour similar to granular soils which deform following a CS framework, in which a clear yielding point, which is associated with particle breakage, and a tendency to form a unique Normal Compression Line is observed, an implication that the grading of the sediment is a key factor in defining the mechanical behaviour of the sediment. The research also addresses the rheology of glacial sediment deformation by investigating the influence of strain rate on its mechanical behaviour, and comparing the results obtained from Langjokull sediment with existing data of tests which were carried out on another glacial sediment which was collected from Ice Stream B-West Antarctica.
11
Worthen, Diana. "Critical state framework and liquefaction of fine-grained soils." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/D_Worthen_062209.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in civil engineering)--Washington State University, August 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 10, 2009). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-46).
12
Chatto, Andrew Rosenberg Goodstein David L. "Experiments on the self-organized critical state of ⁴He /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : Caltech, 2006. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06062006-094705.
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Blunt, Felicity Jane. "Critical currents of high Tâ†c superconductors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305661.
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Cowey, Lisa. "Characterisation techniques and critical parameters for anisotropic superconductors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314865.
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Price, Sean. "Critical and magnetic behaviour of some spinel ferrites." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304578.
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Chen, W. "Sustainable development in Taiwan : a critical analysis of state policy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517253.
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Ho, E. W. L. "Geotechnical properties of deep-ocean sediments : A critical state approach." Thesis, City University London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233931.
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Nowakowski, Jesse. "A Critical Examination of Investor State Dispute Settlement in Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39144.
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This study critically examines rulings of Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) tribunals. Under the North American Free Trade Agreement’s (NAFTA) Chapter 11, ISDS provides foreign investors with the tools to launch a claim against signatory countries should they feel their investment was inhibited by local regulations. Empirically this study draws upon Windstream Energy LLC. v. the Government of Canada as a case study to analyze the competing responses exchanged during the tribunal’s hearings. The claim by Windstream Energy LLC against the Government of Ontario (GoO) serves as both a central and relevant example for examining the ramifications of ISDS, as it is one of Canada’s most recent defeats featuring the largest award outside a pre-tribunal ISDS settlement. Information was drawn from tribunal documents, referred to as a Memorial and Counter Memorial, which outline each party’s argument and supporting claims. Additionally, the tribunal publishes their final decision and justifications. A critical discourse analysis method, theoretically informed by the corporate crime literature and Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, helps in critically examining the economic, political, and cultural assumptions that influenced the tribunal’s decision and the state’s approach to foreign investment. Overall, dominant voices reinforced neoliberal beliefs about transnational market expectations and the role of the state under a globalized capitalist system. Justifications rooted in market logics prioritized the accumulation of foreign capital over the potential dangers of Windstream’s project. Ultimately, it is the inclusion of corporate safeguards, like ISDS, in free trade pacts that help to (re)produce neoliberal capitalist ideals and further reinforce status-quo economic relations.
19
Majozi, Nkululeko. "Theorising the Islamic State: A Critical Global South Decolonial Perspective." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63618.
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This study critically engages with the current security debate on the conceptual understanding of the Islamic State (IS). The study critically evaluates the dominant Western view within the debate that conceptualises IS as an ‘Islamic’ terrorist organisation and a product of the ‘backwardness’ of Islam. By conducting a critical review of the literature on IS, the author argues that such a conceptualisation of IS is rooted in a racist, orientalist and Islamophobic Western epistemological narrative which seeks to create a ‘natural’ link between terrorism and Islam. Through a conceptual discussion on terrorism and a critical assessment of the Eurocentric nature of security studies theories, both traditional and critical, the study shows how hegemonic Western epistemologies are able to conveniently ignore the European roots of terrorism in the foundation of Western modernity. The result of this is that hegemonic Western epistemologies are able to appropriate the concept of security as an exclusive domain of Western states and their societies. This whilst carving out the non-European world, particularly Islamic societies, as the exclusive sources of potential terrorist threats. The study therefore advances the decolonial theoretical concept of global coloniality as a means of reframing the debate and shifting the point of enunciation from dominant Western views of IS to a more critical Global South decolonial perspective. As such, the study places emphasis on the European origins of terrorism as a constitutive element of the foundation of Western modernity, whilst addressing the cognitive confinement of security studies theories. In this light the study concludes by asserting that the Islamic State is a creation of the constitutive violent logic of Western modernity/coloniality, which has terrorism as its foundational core.Mini Dissertation (MSS)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
Political Sciences
MSS
Unrestricted
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Guthrie, Nichole Hurley. "Necessary Contradictions: Critical Pedagogy and Kenneth Burke's Pentad." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05202003-131348/.
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Critical pedagogy, a teaching philosophy that encourages critical reflection in students so that they may expose and change oppressive societal structures, has been plagued by criticisms from a variety of sources. Critics charge that critical pedagogy is marred by irreconcilable contradictions such as its inappropriateness for non-oppressed students, its neglect of students? needs, and its unsuitability for most instructors privileged by the dominant ideology. Examining the internal consistency of Kenneth Burke?s pentadic ratios can be a useful tool for analyzing these contradictions, specifically those related to scene-act, agent-purpose, and act-agent. However, these contradictions, inherent in the very nature of critical pedagogy, seem to defy Burke?s pentad. Without inconsistencies between critical pedagogy, its purpose, its agents, and the broader scene in which it operates, the impetus for the enactment of critical pedagogy would not be present. Therefore, instead of seeking to deny or eradicate contradiction, critical theorists and educators need to make use of it in their own philosophies and practices. Because both critical educators and their students should confront and grapple with these contradictions in critical practice, the apparent flaws in critical pedagogy can actually encourage the critical consciousness that is the goal of the enterprise.
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JOHNSON, JAMES WESLEY. "CRITICAL PHENOMENA IN HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS: STATE, THERMODYNAMIC, TRANSPORT, AND ELECTROSTATIC PROPERTIES OF WATER IN THE CRITICAL REGION." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184147.
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The H₂O critical point defines the parabolic vertex of the p(T) vaporization boundary and, as a geometric consequence, a positive vertical asymptote for first partial derivatives of the equation of state. Convergence of these derivatives, isothermal compressibility and isobaric expansivity, to the critical asymptote effectively controls thermodynamic, electrostatic, and transport properties of fluid H₂O and dependent transport and chemical processes in hydrothermal systems. The equation of state for fluid H₂O developed by Levelt Sengers et a1. (1983a) from modern theories of revised and extended scaling affords accurate prediction of state and thermodynamic properties in the critical region. This formulation has been used together with the virial equation of state proposed by Haar et a1. (1984) and predictive equations for the static dielectric constant (Uematsu and Franck, 1980), thermal conductivity (Sengers et a1., 1984), and dynamic viscosity (Sengers and Kamgar-Parsi, 1984) to present a comprehensive summary of fluid H₂O properties within and near the critical region. Specifically, predictive formulations and computed values for twenty-one properties are presented as a series of equations, three-dimensional P-T surfaces, isothermal and isobaric crosssections, and skeleton tables from 350°-475°C and 200-450 bar. The properties considered are density, isothermal compressibility, isobaric expansivity, Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, isochoric and isobaric heat capacities, the static dielectric constant, Z, Y, and Q Born functions (Helgeson and Kirkham, 1974a), dynamic and kinematic viscosity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, the Prandtl number, the isochoric expansivity-compressibility coefficient, and sound velocity. The equations and surfaces are analyzed with particular emphasis on functional form in the near-critical region and resultant extrema that persist well beyond the critical region. Such extrema in isobaric expansivity, isobaric heat capacity, and kinematic viscosity delineate state conditions that define local maxima in fluid and convective heat fluxes in hydrothermal systems; at the critical point, these fluxes are infinite in permeable media. Extrema in the Q and Y Born functions delineate state conditions that define local minima in the standard partial molal volumes and enthalpies of aqueous ions and complexes; at the critical point, these properties are negative infinite. Because these fluxes and thermodynamic properties converge to vertical asymptotes at the critical point, seemingly trivial variations in near-critical state conditions cause large variations in fluid mass and thermal energy transfer rates and in the state of chemical equilibrium.
22
So, Patrick Wing-Chi. "A critical evaluation of the Chinese three-self patriotic ecclesiology." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.
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Gokce, Suleyman. "A Critical Perspective On State Failure, Its Consequences, And Reconstructions Of The State Afghanistan: A Case Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608058/index.pdf.
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This thesis attempts to provide a critical perspective on state failure together with its consequences, and how the reconstruction of state is carried out in the aftermath of failure. The thesis commences by discussing the
emergence of &lsquomodern&rsquo
nation-states, and proceeds by analyzing how current patterns of statehood respond to the classic nation-state denominations. Examining the concept of state failure, the thesis aims to verify whether established characteristics of statehood are applicable in view of contemporary dynamics of state weakness. The thesis then observes the difficulties for upholding inherent weaknesses in a state against the pressing nature of the contemporary dynamics of international relations
and, thus explores avenues for frameworks preventive to state failure, as well as postfailure resuscitation of states when these frameworks fail to take effect. Putting this analysis into perspective, the thesis discusses various aspects of international community&rsquo
s engagement for reconstruction of the state in Afghanistan, a country which represents an example for state failure and collapse par excellence, in the frame of a case study. Drawing from this case study, the thesis highlights the shortfalls and successes of state reconstruction in Afghanistan, in an attempt to provide useful hints for similar future engagements elsewhere.
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Giwa-Amu, Steven Jr. "Re(-)forming the centers of power : a critical interpretation of the form and development of American's state capitols." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23731.
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Suwuntanasarn, Nakorn Physical Environmental & Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Magnetic resonance studies of issues critical to solid state quantum computer." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40263.
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The spins of phosphorus doped in silicon are potential candidates for a quantum computing device, with models based on the use of nuclear and/or electron spins suggested. For a quantum computing device, several essential criteria must be demonstrated before any physical implementation, and these include qubit control gates, long decoherence time and scalability. Scalability and compatibility with existing fabrication technologies are strong points in favour of a silicon based system. For spin based schemes, silicon has the potential to provide a host with zero nuclear spin (isotopically purifed 28Si) and also the phosphorus donor provides both nuclear and electron half integer spins (ideal case). In this work, a magnetic resonance method (electron spin resonance) was utilised to investigate these critical issues (controllable quantum gates and decoherence time) for the electron spins of phosphorus donors in silicon. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies of an ensemble of phosphorus electron spins in silicon were conducted via both continuous wave and pulsed methods. For pulsed ESR operations, two low temperature (4 K and millikelvin) X-band pulsed ESR systems were built. They were designed especially to suit Si:P decoherence time measurements. The design, modelling, construction and evaluation of the probe heads are described. With the aid of computer simulations, the performance of the probe heads was optimised and a rectangular loop gap resonator was found to be the most suitable for wafer type samples. The resonant frequency, quality factor, and coupling coeffcient were calculated via simulation and are in reasonable agreement with experimental results. This demonstrates the effectiveness of such simulations as a tool for optimising the probe head performance. A millikelvin pulsed ESR system was set up through the combination of a dilution refrigerator, superconducting magnet and the in-house construction of a pulsed ESR spectrometer. This novel system allows pulsed ESR experiments on an ensemble system to be realised down to the millikelvin temperature range, hence providing conditions considered most favourable for quantum computing studies. The use of light in combination with the pulsed ESR systems was also explored in an endeavour to overcome the problem of very long spin-lattice relaxation time, T1, allowing the decoherence time to be measured more effciently. With these novel low temperature pulsed ESR units, two-pulse electron spin echo experiments were conducted on phosphorus donors in silicon (both natural silicon (natSi) and 28Si) with the phosphorus concentration in the range of 1015- 1016 P/cm3 and to lower temperatures than previously investigated. Decoherence times measured for both natSi:P and 28Si:P (with similar donor concentrations) were longer than previously reported. Discussions on several effective ways to obtain even longer Si:P decoherence times including variations to sample configurations and experimental conditions are presented. In addition to the pulsed ESR studies, the Si:P controllable quantum gate functions, A gate and J gate, were examined by the continuous wave technique via Stark shift and exchange interaction experiments respectively. Stark shift experiments on bulk samples were carried out to investigate possible manipulation of the spins by the applied electric field. Continuous wave ESR was also used to examine low energy ion implanted Si:P devices, both by single (P+) and dimer (P+2 ) implanted donors. The outcomes from these studies provide materials information useful in formulating a strategy toward the Si:P device fabrication via the top down approach.
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Hong, Z. "Numerical solution of critical state in superconductivity by finite element method." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604204.
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Bulk high temperature superconductors have increasing potential to be used in a number of devices including motors, levitated transportation, flywheels, cables, transformers and fault current limiters, etc. To optimize the design of such systems, it is necessary to predict their behaviours. The research presented in this thesis aims to fulfil this need by implementing a range of critical state models using finite element method in order to calculate field distributions, current densities, trapped magnetic fields and AC losses. A numerical solver of critical state is proposed which is based on a set of Maxwell’s equations using magnetic field as the known. The equations are used with E-J constitutive law and are incorporated with commercial finite element software to give fast and accurate solutions. Four case studies surrounding the application of using superconducting materials as wires and trapped field magnets are investigated. The phenomenon of MgB2 wires carrying transport current is investigated in order to determine the AC loss in the wires. Two finite element models based on different assumptions are introduced to solve the AC losses in YBCO coated conductors both in self field and external field conditions. The crossed field effects on bulk high-temperature superconductors are studied. A bulk YBCO single domain is premagnetized with the applied field parallel to their shortest direction and then subjected to several cycles of the application of a transverse magnetic field parallel to the sample surface plane. The decay of magnetization is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The remagnetization process is studied by applying rotational field to a bulk YBCO which has been partially demagnetized by a transverse field. It is shown that all principal features of the experimental data can be reproduced quantitatively or qualitatively by using the model proposed in this thesis.
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Kamaris, Georgios. "A critical analysis of the European Union's state and policy impementation." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8089.
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State Aid policy has been an integral part of competition policy and the European Commission is responsible for controlling aid, which distorts competition in the internal market to be granted by Member States. State Aid is usually defined as advantages given by the State to undertakings in the form of financial contributions, support, or other forms of special treatment. This thesis will examine state aid policy and regulation in the European Union. The research aims at critically analysing the implementation of the rules that compose the European state aid framework and conclude on whether the system for the control of state aid is set in an effective way to achieve the objectives of protecting competition and therefore the internal market by limiting aid levels and streaming aid towards more beneficial aid. This research is important because it can reveal the particular benefits and problems caused by state aid and help by making recommendations for the future application of the rules.
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MENEZES, Raí Maciel de. "Nonuniform vortex distributions in superconductors: from critical state to conformal crystals." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/25302.
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In this dissertation, we study through numerical simulation, properties of the vortex matter in superconductors. In non-homogeneous superconductors, the penetration of magnetic flux (provided by the vortex entry) within the sample is theoretically described by the macroscopic critical state models, where due to interaction with material impurities (pinning centres), the vortex density is high near the edges and decreases as we approach the center of the sample. Although extensively studied, the critical state models do not explain in detail how the microscopic events lead to the global behavior predicted by the macroscopic models , especially nearby the surfaces, where the vortex currents are deformed to satisfy the boundary conditions. We simulate through molecular dynamics methods the penetration and the microscopic dynamics of vortices in a superconducting slab subjected to a parallel applied magnetic field. We explicitly take into account the often neglected vortex-surface interaction and analyse how this can influence the dynamics and the critical state configurations. We then verify which of the various critical state models best describes the system. Nearby the surfaces, we observed regions with zero density of vortices, which arise due to the energetic barrier that hinders the vortex entry and exit. Such regions, known as flux free regions, have a thickness which depends on the strength of the applied magnetic field and the level of pinning forces in the material. We also analyse the temporal evolution of the flux front inside the superconductor and the hysteresis cycles of the magnetization due to an external field variation, and compare with results known in the literature. Another topic of broad interest concerns the possible ordered structures that the vortex lattice can form. In situations of uniform density the system of vortices converges to a minimum of energy and tends to be ordered as a triangular lattice (Abrikosov lattice). However, in situations where the vortices may form nonuniform distributions, due to variations in sample thickness, interactions with material inhomogeneities, among other ways, the triangular Abrikosov lattice will not satisfy the minimum energy condition. The question is whether the nonuniform distribution of vortices presents a structure of small domains of different densities, i.e., a nonuniform glass, or a new ordered structure emerges. We obtain evidences of conformal crystals as possible, stable nonuniform vortex configurations in a superconductor. Such configuration is an example of ordered crystallization in a nonuniform particle distribution. These ordered structures, although can present local inhomogeneities, preserve the topological order and can be mathematically mapped into a triangular lattice through a conformal transformation. We propose a simple method to obtain the particle density required to observe such structures and suggest possible experimental realizations in which conformal (or quasiconformal) vortex crystals could be observed in bulk superconductors or thin films.
Nesta dissertação, estudamos através de simulação computacional, propriedades da matéria de vórtices em supercondutores. Em supercondutores não homogêneos, a penetração do fluxo magnético (proporcionada pela entrada de vórtices) no interior da amostra é descrita teoricamente pelos modelos macroscópicos de estado crítico, onde devido à interação com as impurezas do material, a densidade de vórtices é alta próximo às bordas e decresce à medida que nos aproximamos do centro da amostra. Apesar de terem sido bastante estudados, os modelos de estado crítico não respondem detalhadamente qual a conexão dos eventos microscópicos com os resultados dos modelos macroscópicos, principalmente nas imediações da superfície, onde as correntes dos vórtices são deformadas para satisfazer as condições de contorno. Simulamos através de métodos de dinâmica molecular a penetração e a dinâmica microscópica de vórtices em um filme supercondutor devido à presença de um campo magnético aplicado paralelamente à sua superfície. Reproduzimos a interação dos vórtices com a superfície do supercondutor e analisamos como isso pode influenciar na dinâmica e nas configurações de estado crítico. Verificamos então qual dentre os vários modelos de estado crítico descreve melhor o sistema. Nas imediações da superfície, observamos regiões com densidade nula de vórtices, as quais surgem devido a barreira energética que retarda a entrada e a saída das linhas de fluxo no supercondutor. Tais regiões, conhecidas como flux free regions, têm uma espessura que depende da intensidade do campo magnético aplicado e do nível de impurezas do material. Analisamos também a evolução temporal da frente de fluxo dentro do supercondutor e os ciclos de histerese da magnetização devidos à variação de um campo magnético externo e comparamos com resultados conhecidos na literatura. Outro olhar interessante é em relação as possíveis estruturas ordenadas que a rede de vórtices pode formar. Em situações de densidade uniforme, o sistema converge para um mínimo de energia e tende a se ordenar como uma rede triangular (rede de Abrikosov). Entretanto, em situações em que os vórtices podem formar distribuições não uniformes, devido variações na espessura da amostra, interações com inomogeneidades do material, dentre outras maneiras, a rede triangular de Abrikosov não satisfará a condição de mínima energia. A questão é se a distribuição não uniforme de vórtices apresenta uma estrutura de pequenos domínios de diferentes densidades, i.e., um vidro não uniforme, ou se uma nova estrutura ordenada emerge. Obtemos evidências da formação de cristais conformes como uma rede estável de vórtices em um supercondutor. Tal formação é um exemplo de cristalização ordenada da rede em uma distribuição de partículas não uniforme. Estas estruturas ordenadas, embora possam apresentar inomogeneidades locais, preservam a ordem topológica e podem ser matematicamente mapeadas em uma rede triangular através de uma transformação conforme. Propomos um método simples para gerar a densidade de partículas necessária para a observação de tais estruturas e sugerimos possíveis experimentos nos quais cristais conformes de vórtices, ou quase conformes, poderiam ser observados em supercondutores volumosos e filmes finos.
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Yue, Peng. "A micro mechanical study of critical state soil mechanics using DEM." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38060/.
Full textAbstract:
One of the greatest breakthroughs in soil mechanics was the development of Critical State Soil Mechanics (CSSM) in the 1950s and 1960s and the derivation of a continuum elasto-plastic constitutive model, namely Cam clay, which was the foundation for other continuum models for clays, and much later for sands. However, as yet there has been no micro mechanical analysis which explains the existence of such continuum models; such a micro perspective must take into account the discontinuous nature of soil. Without such insight, the engineer cannot understand which micro parameters affect soil behaviour. This work uses the discrete element method (DEM) to model a silica sand as a sample of discrete particles, with properties which have been calibrated against experimental data in previous work, to build up a micro mechanical picture of the behaviour of sand under different loading conditions. The simplest of loading conditions is the one dimensional or oedometer test and has been modelled to check whether this agrees with previously published research. The simulated sample has then been subjected to isotropic compression to establish a normal compression line in log voids ratio – log stress space, and which turns out to be parallel to the one-dimensional normal compression line, in agreement with CSSM. The evolution of the isotropic normal compression line is due to local shear stresses within the sample, and the origin of the existence of both lines lies in the evolution of a fractal distribution of particles with a fractal dimension of 2.5. The effect of boundary particles has then been minimised by choosing an appropriate aspect ratio and a smaller number of particles in the sample to give a computational time which is acceptable for subsequent shearing to critical states. Isotropically normally compressed samples have been unloaded to different stress levels and sheared to critical states. A unique critical state line (CSL) exists at high stress levels, which is parallel to the normal compression lines, in agreement with CSSM. At low stress levels, the CSL is not linear and is non-unique; that is to say it is a function of preconsolidation pressure because the fractal distribution of sizes has not fully evolved. Samples sheared on the dense side of critical dilate and have a peak strength whilst loose samples exhibit ductile contraction, in agreement with CSSM. At a critical state, the work shows that crushing continues in the formation of ‘fines’, small particles with smaller than 0.1mm dimensions, which plays no part in the mechanical behaviour, which is reflected in the average mechanical co-ordination number and which means that plastic hardening can be assumed to have ceased at a critical state. For the isotropically overconsolidated samples sheared to critical states, a number of different definitions of yield have been used to establish a yield surface in stress space. The work shows that a previously published yield surface for sand (Yu, 1998; McDowell, 2002) gives a good representation of the behaviour, and it has therefore been shown that the sample of discrete particles has been shown to give rise to observed continuum behaviour. The work is, to the author’s knowledge, the first that has shown a DEM soil to show many of the desirable features of sand, in that the sample qualitatively gives normal compression lines and a CSL of the correct slope, which obeys CSSM and which gives a Cam Clay type yield surface in stress space. The work means that the established model can be used in the study of other micro mechanics problems such as particle shape and time effects and the application of DEM to boundary value problems directly.
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Chen, F. (Fang). "Critical success factors of ERP implementation in chinese state-owned enterprises." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201406251781.
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As ERP implementation is complex and risky, there were many researchers discussed the critical success factors (CSFs) of it to achieve a more successful ERP implementation project. On the other hand, the ERP implementation in Chinese SOEs met some other obstacles. There were articles discussed what were the differences of ERP implementation between Chinese SOE and western countries, and some were directly about the CSFs among Chinese SOE implementing, there is still lack of a comprehensive study of what caused the difficulties and why, as well as possible solutions for it.
This study was based on both literature review and empirical study. Literature of brief ERP and ERP implementation introduction, general CSFs description, cultural features of Chinese SOE, and ERP implementation in Chinese context, were reviewed. In the empirical study, which was about the ERP implemented in a Chinese SOE, the project process was described and the perspectives from different project participants were obtained by interviews, surveys and documents.
Generated from the literature review and empirical study, suggestions of CSFs of ERP implemented in Chinese SOE are as follow: the legacy systems, existing data quality and IT infrastructure should be figured out to make proper plans and schedule; the top management should be mobilized to guarantee their sufficient support and commitment, as well as resource allocation; the employee cultural feature should be understood such as collectivist and uncertainty acceptance culture; and based on these understanding of the cultural characteristics of project relevant groups, then the appropriate and accurate plan and estimation can be done; during the project, the project team has to spend enough effort and patience to execute the plans, as well as guarantee the effective communications among implementing parties; after the implementation, a continuous attention should be paid by top management and relevant departments to obtain the continuous improvement which is one of the ERP benefits.
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Hewitt, Desmond. "Excellence in critical condition : the current state of English higher education." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77135/.
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This thesis argues that excellence is emancipatory in the sense that it promotes individual and collective transformation and it traces this idealized concept back to Aristotle and the concept of eudaimonia (Aristotle: 2009). This is the idea that excellence promotes happiness and well-being; it enables human beings to flourish and live to their full potential. In short, the thesis is about the potential of higher education to transform lives, in particular those of young people. Thus the fundamental premise of the thesis is that a legitimating principle of English higher education is excellence defined as the Hellenic ideal and that excellence is emancipatory. The thesis operates from the perspective of Critical Theory and operationalizes the theories and concepts of Habermas. It argues that the political discourse of excellence – the economic imperative of competition - eclipses emancipatory excellence in discourse but that in the lifeworld of the university this transformational concept of higher education remains unaffected as a legitimating principle, despite recent government reforms. In a further subsidiary argument, the thesis argues that the emancipatory interests of the university, particularly those of social science are inextricably linked to those of wider society (Barnett: 1994; 2; Habermas: 1977; 1978; 1988) and that this critical normative claim can be realized in an ideal speech situation. The thesis argues that the ideal speech situation already exists in the scientific-public validation of Critical Theory geared at world construction (Strydom: 2011; 158) but that a space for a new discursive event exists in the wider public community of knowledgeable social agents (Bohman: 1999; 475; Nowotny: 1993; 308). This thesis is argued for using material from in-depth, semi-structured, conversation-led research interviews which were conducted with senior administrators, higher education policy specialists and academics across the English higher education sector.
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Igboka, Franca. "The Critical Success Factors of Public Private Partnerships in Lagos State." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/753.
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In recent years, the Lagos State Government has attempted to adopt public private
partnerships (PPP) with little success, largely as a result of implementation barriers. The
purpose of this quantitative, ex-post facto design study was to evaluate which factors are
considered most predictive of success of PPP implementation in the state, whereby the
prescribed quality of products/services is achieved within a specified time frame and at
the agreed cost. Wood and Gray's theory of collaboration and the network and
collaborations theory by Kamensky and Burlin guided this study. A self-constructed and
validated structured questionnaire was utilized in the collection of survey data from 105
government officials and private sector partners who had experience in the state's PPP
process. To ensure validity of survey data collected, data triangulation was carried out
against information from the State's bulletins on its PPP projects. Data were analyzed
using ANOVA. Key findings indicated that statistically significant (p = .05) factors
include the development of a legal framework for PPPs, perception of value of intended
projects, identification and allocation of risks, engineering and technical structure, proper
identification of required competencies, and staffing and training. Factors that were not
significant included economic, political, and social conditions, planning, involvement of
affected persons at the planning stage, bidding process, understanding of the goals and
objectives of each partner, financing structure, project monitoring and evaluation,
effective communication, good leadership, and transparency and trust. To encourage
positive social change, it is recommended that the state enhances the success factors
identified by this study to strengthen PPP practices and improve infrastructure in Lagos.
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Montgomery, Cameron. "Sacred States: Protest Between Church and State in a Postsecular Age." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35858.
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In the age of mass information, globalization, and peer-to-peer social networks, the traditional markers of identity and elective affinities, particularly those of religion and nationalism, are shifting in relation to contemporary trends. The field of Religious Studies has been influenced by a series of ‘post’s: postsecular, postmodern, postcolonial, and post 9/11. The rise of revolutionary religious movements internationally is a hallmark characteristic of the postsecular age. Participants in these movements are variously characterized as religious dissidents, militant secularists, neo-fascist nationalists, and terrorists. However, according to the dialogues within these communities, participants do not think of themselves in these terms. The dualizing labels of ‘religious’ and ‘secular’ do not lend meaning to these contemporary identities. This thesis addresses the question: How do traditional and contemporary theories in the field of Religious Studies evaluate contemporary religious nationalist movements, and how do their analyses compare to how members of the groups in question perceive themselves? To answer this question, this dissertation examines and contrasts four key case studies: the Native Faith Movement and Femen in Ukraine, and the Gezi Park protesters and the Gülen Movement in Turkey. By analyzing group activities through the fora of the curated digital presences of group leaders and members, this research investigates emerging elective affinities and markers of identity which transcend the religious/secular binary. Contemporary theory from the field of Critical Religion and feminist theology transcending the religious/secular binary will be applied to these case studies in order to gain a deeper understanding of the shifting relationships between religion, protest and the nation.
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Shields, James Mark. "Critical Buddhism : a Buddhist hermeneutics of practice." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102172.
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This study critically analyzes Critical Buddhism (hihan bukkyo ; hereafter: CB) as a philosophical and a religious movement; it investigates the specific basis of CB, particularly the philosophical categories of critica and topica, vis-a-vis contemporary theories of knowledge and ethics, in order to re-situate CB within modern Japanese and Buddhist thought as well as in relation to current trends in contemporary Western thought.This study is made up of seven chapters, including the introduction and the conclusion. The introduction provides the religious and philosophical context as well as the motivations and intentions of the study. Chapter 2 with the title "Eye of the Storm: Historical and Political Context" is largely explanatory. After a brief analysis of violence, warfare and social discrimination within Buddhism and specifically Japanese traditions, some important background to the context in which Critical Buddhism arose is recalled. In addition, the development of so-called Imperial Way Zen (kodozen )---which represents in many respects the culmination of the 'false' Buddhism the Critical Buddhists attack---is examined. The following chapter on the roots of topica analyses a number of the larger epistemological and ethical issues raised by CB, in an attempt to reinterpret both 'criticalism' and 'topicalism' with reference to four key motifs in Zen tradition: experience (jikishi-ninshin: "directly pointing to the human mind [in order to realize the Buddha-nature]" [B.]); tradition (kyoge-betsuden: "an independent transmission apart from written scriptures" [M. 6, 28]); language (furyu-moji or furyu-monji: "not relying on words and letters" [M. 6]); and enlightenment (kensho jobutsu: "awakening to one's original Nature [and thus becoming a Buddha]" [Dan. 29]). Here and in Chapter 4, on "New Buddhisms: Problems in Modern Zen Thought," the CB argument against the many sources of topical thinking is outlined, paying particular attention to question of 'pure experience' (junsui keiken) developed by Nishida Kitaro and the Kyoto School. Chapter 5 on "Criticism as Anamnesis: Dempo/Dampo" develops the positive side of the CB case, i.e., a truly 'critical' Buddhism, with respect to the place of historical consciousness and the weight of tradition. Chapter 6, "Radical Contingency and Compassion," develops the theme of radical contingency, based on the core Buddhist doctrine of pratitya-samutpada (Jp. engi) as the basis for an effective Critical Buddhist epistemological and ethical strategy. The conclusion elaborates a paradigm for comparative scholarship that integrates the insights of Western philosophical hermeneutics, pragmatism, CB, and so-called 'Buddhist theology'. The implications of the Critical Buddhist project on the traditional understanding of the relation between scholarship and religion are examined, and also the reconnection of religious consciousness to social conscience, which CB believes to be the genius of Buddhism and which makes of CB both an unfinished project and an ongoing challenge.
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Downey, Annie L. "The State of the Field of Critical Information Literacy in Higher Education." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799537/.
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The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the state of critical information literacy (CIL) in higher education as it is enacted and understood by academic librarians. This qualitative study investigated the institutional support, nonsupport, and barriers to CIL programs and the effectiveness of experiential critical pedagogy for information literacy (IL) learning as taught and studied by 19 CIL specialists. Purposeful sampling was used to gather a sample of 17 academic librarians and two professors of library and information science who had previously worked as academic librarians. The sample included 11 females and eight males; 18 participants were Caucasian and one was African American. Data were collected through 40-60 minute semi-structured interviews and a brief demographic survey. Experiential education served as the broad theoretical framework for this study, which stems from the tradition of critical theory. This study was guided by the work of two major experiential learning theorists and theories: Paulo Freire and critical pedagogy and Jack Mezirow and transformative learning. Mezirow and Freire focused their work on adult education and grounded their approaches in critical theory and focused on power relationships, reflection, and the emancipatory potential of education. The findings were framed through a lens of Freire’s conception of critical pedagogy because it was the major theoretical framework that most of the study participants used to guide their work. Findings suggest that academic librarians who teach CIL do not learn about it in their MLS programs. They tend to use three major critical teaching methods, including student-centered approaches, discussion and dialogue, and problem-posing methods. Participants tended to struggle more with using critical methods than with incorporating critical content. Slightly more than half regularly used critical methods in their teaching, but all participants incorporated critical content, including critical source evaluation and subject headings and language used in information production and dissemination. The findings also suggest that CIL specialists are likely to believe that CIL is best taught within the broader context of academic disciplines and that strong relationships with faculty are crucial for successfully implementing information literacy programs of any kind, including CIL programs. Most participants felt supported by their library administrators and at least minimally by college or university administrators, even though they thought administrators did not have a clear idea of what they do in the classroom. The professional identity and culture of librarians and librarianship played a large role in whether and how librarians were drawn to CIL and in their ability to practice it. The results of this study will allow librarians and educators to make more informed decisions about how to design, teach, and implement programs and will benefit library science scholars and policy makers in terms of knowing how it is being taught and supported at the institutional level.
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Lo, Sze-yuen Henri. "A critical evaluation of public transport policy formulation in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31595157.
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Yang, Yifeng. "Studies on aspects of the critical current in high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315086.
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Plummer, C. J. G. "The critical current density and inhomogeneity in Nb3̲Sn superconducting composites." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383875.
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Agirbas, Gozde. "Lateral transshipment of slow moving critical medical items." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07072008-135158.
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Sune, Engin. "Defining The Different: A Critical Analysis Of The Rentier, Failed And Rogue State Theories." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614468/index.pdf.
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This thesis focuses on three state theories that aim to define the structures of the Third World states by the West. The terms of the &lsquorentier&rsquo
, &lsquo
failed&rsquo
and &lsquo
rogue&rsquo
states are critically examined in an attempt to understand how they define the difference, how they negate the different, and how they legitimize certain policies towards the different. By concentrating on the liberal theorizing that analyzes the state on the basis of the claimed civil society-state divide, and from an orientalist perspective, this study aims to demonstrate that these state theories refuse the possibility of transformation of those states by their own internal dynamics. It is argued that with the help of such discourses, rather than being simple theoretical constructs these state theories have become functional means to legitimize certain historical practices.
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Sung, YunMo. "Critical analysis of SiC SIT design and performance based upon material and device properties." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/ETD-browse/browse.
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Qadimi, Abbas. "The cyclic response of a carbonate sand through critical state soil mechanics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8774.
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Sariosseiri, Farid. "Critical state framework for interpretation of geotechnical properties of cement treated soils." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/f_sariosseiri_070208.pdf.
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Gurbuzel, Merve Neslihan. "State And Market In The Analysis Of Anatolian Tigers: A Critical Survey." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615616/index.pdf.
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This thesis attempts to present a critical survey on studies on Anatolian capital focusing on their state and market conceptualizations. The studies have been grouped
into three due to their theoretical frameworks as the studies employing New Regionalist, state tradition and state rescaling approaches. The thesis proposes New Regionalist and state tradition approaches to Anatolian capital are both ahistorical
and aspatial approachesthese approaches develop in parallel with political developments and propose a glossed over portrait of Anatolian Tigers. Anatolian Tigers are generally presented as representatives of free market as they develop with little or no support of the state unlike the former generation of businessmen. Hence they stand for the legitimization of neo-liberal policies. The concepts of entrepreneurship, cooperation and competition are described as the nature and the merits of Anatolian small and medium scaled enterprises which make them compatible with the free market conditions. The last group of literature, state rescaling, is presented as the alternative to the first two with its historical and spatial analysis. The thesis will propose the relational analyses within the state rescaling framework is helpful to reveal uneven development which is veiled by ahistorical and aspatial approaches by including relations of state, capital and labour instead of defining the experience of Anatolian capital as a challenge to the state.
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Coombs, William Michael. "Finite deformation of particulate geomaterials : frictional and anisotropic critical state elasto-plasticity." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/936/.
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This thesis is concerned with the theoretical development and numerical implementation of efficient constitutive models for the analysis of particulate media (specifically clays) in structures undergoing geometrically non-linear behaviour. The Mohr-Coulomb and modified Cam-clay constitutive models have both been examined and extended to provide greater realism. Findings from this thesis will interest engineers working in numerical methods in solid mechanics, along with those investigating continuum mechanics, inelastic constitutive modelling and large strain plasticity. Although focused on soil plasticity, this research has relevance to other areas, such as metal forming and bio-engineering. Initially the concepts of material and geometric non-linearity are reviewed. A general implicit backward Euler stress integration algorithm is detailed, including the derivation of the algorithmic consistent tangent. A framework for the analysis of anisotropic finite deformation elasto-plasticity is presented and a full incremental finite-element formulation provided. The first constitutive model developed in this thesis is a non-associated frictional perfect plasticity model based on a modified Reuleaux triangle. It is shown, through comparison with experimental data, that this model has advantages over the classical Mohr-Coulomb and Drucker-Prager models whilst still allowing for analytical implicit stress integration. An isotropic hyperplastic family of models which embraces the concept of a Critical State is then developed. This family is extended to include inelastic behaviour within the conventional yield surface and a Lode angle dependency on the anisotropic yield function which maintains convexity of both the surface and uniqueness of the Critical State cone. A calibration procedure is described and the integration and linearisation of the constitutive relations are detailed. All of the developed models are compared with established experimental data. Finally the models are verified for use within finite deformation finite-element analyses. The importance of deriving the algorithmic consistent tangent is demonstrated and the influence of varying levels of model sophistication assessed in terms of both global behaviour and simulation run-time.
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Donnelly, Timothy S. "What's My Lane? Identifying the State Government Role in Critical Infrastructure Protection." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6787.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedWhat constitutes an effective Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources (CIKR) protection program for Massachusetts This study evaluates existing literature regarding CIKR to extrapolate an infrastructure protection role for Massachusetts. By reviewing historical events and government strategies regarding infrastructure protection, Chapters I and II will provide scope and context for issues surrounding critical infrastructure. Chapter III reviews the roles of the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense, possibly the two most influential organizations tasked to support the federal infrastructure protection initiative. Chapter IV analyzes the private-sector role in infrastructure protection as articulated in federal strategies, academic research, federally directed studies, and professional journals. The National Infrastructure Protection Plans framework for managing the risk to CIKR will be used as a guide in Chapter V to evaluate the infrastructure protection strategies of Arizona, Virginia, and Washington. Finally, Chapter VI recommends that Massachusetts develop a state infrastructure assurance program vice a Critical Infrastructure Protection Program. Concepts such as reframing the critical infrastructure debate, creating infrastructure public/private partnerships and information sharing processes to build trust among the entities invested in ensuring the delivery of infrastructure services are recommended for inclusion in a state infrastructure assurance strategy and subsequent infrastructure assurance program.
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Haji, Ashrafi Mohammad Ali. "Implementation of a Critical State Soft Soil Creep Model with Shear Stiffness." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25667.
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The existing creep constitutive models do not include directly shear stiffness of the soil that can be easily obtained by standard geotechnical tests. These models do not account for high shear stiffness of the soil at small mobilisation degree. In this respect, they do not distinguish between soil elements that undergo lower mobilisation in the far field and the ones that undergo higher mobilisation close to the embankment. This may result in overprediction of horizontal displacements under the field and the result of the finite element analysis is sensitive to the extension of the model boundary. To address this model deficiency, a new critical state soft soil creep model with shear stiffness (CS-SSCG) is implemented. In the CS-SSCG model, shear stiffness of the soil will be explicitly given by the engineer instead of commonly used Poisson's ratio. Results from the simulation of the MIT-MDPW embankment show that horizontal displacement has been improved significantly using the CS-SSCG model compared to Plaxis Soft Soil Creep (SSC) standard model.
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Koenker, Roger, and Achim Zeileis. "Reproducible Econometric Research. A Critical Review of the State of the Art." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/638/1/document.pdf.
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Recent software developments are reviewed from the vantage point of reproducible econometric research. We argue that the emergence of new tools, particularly in the open-source community, have greatly eased the burden of documenting and archiving both empirical and simulation work in econometrics. Some of these tools are highlighted in the discussion of three small replication exercises.Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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Aulette-Root, Elizabeth. "Khomanani : critical discourse analysis of South African state funded publications on HIV." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3585.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-67).
The present study focuses on identifying the discourses that emerge in these official documents. A data set of the complete collection of Khomanani booklets and leaflets in English was discursively analysed. The analysis focuses on ways in which emergent discourses in the text maintain or resist existing power structures in the context of post-colonial South Africa. The discourses that emerged are: hegemonic biomedicine, gender, and citizenship discourses. The discourses in the text reinforce dominant and oppressive power structures in complex ways and necessitate a critical reworking in order to more successfully address HIV education in South Africa.
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DiGioia, Joseph A. "The "new" new typography? : a critical view of the state of typography /." Online version of thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12187.
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