Relevant bibliographies by topics / Critical sequence of points

Academic literature on the topic 'Critical sequence of points'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Critical sequence of points"

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SCHECHTER, MARTIN. "Linking sandwich pairs." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 147, no. 3 (June 15, 2009): 679–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004109990089.

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AbstractSince the development of the calculus of variations there has been interest in finding critical points of functionals. This was intensified by the fact that for many equations arising in practice, the solutions are critical points. In searching for critical points, there is a distinct advantage if the functional G is semibounded. In this case one can find a Palais–Smale (PS) sequence or even a Cerami sequence These sequences produce critical points if they have convergent subsequences. However, there is no clear method of finding critical points of functionals which are not semibounded. Linking subsets do provide such a method. They can produce a PS sequence provided they separate the functional. In the present paper we show that there are pairs of subsets that can produce Cerami-like sequences even though they do not separate the functional. All that is required is that the functional be bounded from above on one of the sets and bounded from below on the other, with no relationship needed between the bounds. This provides a distinct advantage in applications. We apply the method to several situations.
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Schechter, Martin. "The Use of Cerami Sequences in Critical Point Theory." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2007 (2007): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/58948.

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The concept of linking was developed to produce Palais-Smale (PS) sequencesG(uk)→a,G'(uk)→0forC1functionalsGthat separate linking sets. These sequences produce critical points if they have convergent subsequences (i.e., ifGsatisfies the PS condition). In the past, we have shown that PS sequences can be obtained even when linking does not exist. We now show that such situations produce more useful sequences. They not only produce PS sequences, but also Cerami sequences satisfyingG(uk)→a,(1+||uk||)G'(uk)→ 0as well. A Cerami sequence can produce a critical point even when a PS sequence does not. In this situation, it is no longer necessary to show thatGsatisfies the PS condition, but only that it satisfies the easier Cerami condition (i.e., that Cerami sequences have convergent subsequences). We provide examples and applications. We also give generalizations to situations when the separating criterion is violated.
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Zhang, Peng, and Chun-Lei Tang. "Infinitely Many Periodic Solutions for Nonautonomous Sublinear Second-Order Hamiltonian Systems." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/620438.

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Two sequences of distinct periodic solutions for second-order Hamiltonian systems with sublinear nonlinearity are obtained by using the minimax methods. One sequence of solutions is local minimum points of functional, and the other is minimax type critical points of functional. We do not assume any symmetry condition on nonlinearity.
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LI, YUXIANG, and YOUDE WANG. "BUBBLING LOCATION FOR SEQUENCES OF APPROXIMATE f-HARMONIC MAPS FROM SURFACES." International Journal of Mathematics 21, no. 04 (April 2010): 475–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x10006136.

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Let f be a positive smooth function on a closed Riemann surface (M, g). The f-energy of a map u from M to a Riemannian manifold (N, h) is defined as [Formula: see text] and its L2-gradient is: [Formula: see text] We will study the blow-up properties of some approximate f-harmonic map sequences in this paper. For a sequence uk : M → N with ‖τf(uk)‖L2 < C1 and Ef(uk) < C2, we will show that, if the sequence is not compact, then it must blow-up at some critical points of f or some concentrate points of |τf(uk)|2dVg. For a minimizing α-f-harmonic map sequence in some homotopy class of maps from M into N we show that, if the sequence is not compact, the blow-up points must be the minimal point of f and the energy identity holds true.
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Harju, Tero. "Critical factorisation in square-free words." RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 56 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita/2022003.

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A position p in a word w is critical if the minimal local period at p is equal to the global period of w. According to the Critical Factorisation Theorem all words of length at least two have a critical point. We study the number η(w) of critical points of square-free ternary words w, i.e., words over a three letter alphabet. We show that the sufficiently long square-free words w satisfy η(w) ≤|w|− 5 where |w| denotes the length of w. Moreover, the bound |w|− 5 is reached by infinitely many words. On the other hand, every square-free word w has at least |w|∕4 critical points, and there is a sequence of these words closing to this bound.
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Amir, Fouzia, Ali Farajzadeh, and Narin Petrot. "Proximal point algorithm for differentiable quasi-convex multiobjective optimization." Filomat 34, no. 7 (2020): 2367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2007367a.

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The main aim of this paper is to consider the proximal point method for solving multiobjective optimization problem under the differentiability, locally Lipschitz and quasi-convex conditions of the objective function. The control conditions to guarantee that the accumulation points of any generated sequence, are Pareto critical points are provided.
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Wang, Tao, Jiang-hua Huang, Lin Lin, and Chang'an A. Zhan. "Continuous- and Discrete-Time Stimulus Sequences for High Stimulus Rate Paradigm in Evoked Potential Studies." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/396034.

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To obtain reliable transient auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) from EEGs recorded using high stimulus rate (HSR) paradigm, it is critical to design the stimulus sequences of appropriate frequency properties. Traditionally, the individual stimulus events in a stimulus sequence occur only at discrete time points dependent on the sampling frequency of the recording system and the duration of stimulus sequence. This dependency likely causes the implementation of suboptimal stimulus sequences, sacrificing the reliability of resulting AEPs. In this paper, we explicate the use of continuous-time stimulus sequence for HSR paradigm, which is independent of the discrete electroencephalogram (EEG) recording system. We employ simulation studies to examine the applicability of the continuous-time stimulus sequences and the impacts of sampling frequency on AEPs in traditional studies using discrete-time design. Results from these studies show that the continuous-time sequences can offer better frequency properties and improve the reliability of recovered AEPs. Furthermore, we find that the errors in the recovered AEPs depend critically on the sampling frequencies of experimental systems, and their relationship can be fitted using a reciprocal function. As such, our study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the applicability and advantages of continuous-time stimulus sequences for HSR paradigm and by revealing the relationship between the reliability of AEPs and sampling frequencies of the experimental systems when discrete-time stimulus sequences are used in traditional manner for the HSR paradigm.
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Christodoulou, Dimitris M., Demosthenes Kazanas, Isaac Shlosman, and Joel E. Tohline. "Phase-Transition Theory of Instabilities. IV. Critical Points on the Maclaurin Sequence and Nonlinear Fission Processes." Astrophysical Journal 446 (June 1995): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/175809.

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RAMADAS, ROHINI. "Dynamical degrees of Hurwitz correspondences." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 40, no. 7 (December 4, 2018): 1968–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2018.125.

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Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ be a post-critically finite branched covering of a two-sphere. By work of Koch, the Thurston pullback map induced by $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ on Teichmüller space descends to a multivalued self-map—a Hurwitz correspondence ${\mathcal{H}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}}$—of the moduli space ${\mathcal{M}}_{0,\mathbf{P}}$. We study the dynamics of Hurwitz correspondences via numerical invariants called dynamical degrees. We show that the sequence of dynamical degrees of ${\mathcal{H}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}}$ is always non-increasing and that the behavior of this sequence is constrained by the behavior of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ at and near points of its post-critical set.
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Albers, Gerhard, Leonidas J. Guibas, Joseph S. B. Mitchell, and Thomas Roos. "Voronoi Diagrams of Moving Points." International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 08, no. 03 (June 1998): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195998000187.

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Consider a set of n points in d-dimensional Euclidean space, d ≥ 2, each of which is continuously moving along a given individual trajectory. As the points move, their Voronoi diagram changes continuously, but at certain critical instants in time, topological events occur that cause a change in the Voronoi diagram. In this paper, we present a method of maintaining the Voronoi diagram over time, at a cost of O( log n) per event, while showing that the number of topological events has an upper bound of O(ndλs(n)), where λs(n) is the (nearly linear) maximum length of a (n,s)-Davenport-Schinzel sequence, and s is a constant depending on the motions of the point sites. In addition, we show that if only k points are moving (while leaving the other n - k points fixed), there is an upper bound of O(knd-1λs(n)+(n-k)dλ s(k)) on the number of topological events.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Critical sequence of points"

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Ke, Jie. "Critical points of reaction mixtures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252011.

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Misner, Scottie, and Carol Curtis. "HACCP - Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146434.

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1p.
HACCP, pronounced has-up, is a food safety self-inspection system that combines up-to-date technical information with step-by-step procedures to evaluate and monitor the flow of food throughout a food establishment from receiving to service. This publication introduces this system to readers and outlines 6 simple HACCP principles to reduce the occurrence of food-borne illness at home.
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Forkéus, Ted. "Distribution of Critical Points of Polynomials." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-82941.

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This thesis studies the relationship between the zeroes of complexpolynomials in one variable and the critical points of those polynomials. Our methods are both analytical and statistical in nature, usingtechniques from both complex analysis and probability theory. Wepresent an alternative proof for the famous Gauss-Lucas theorem aswell as proving that the distribution for the critical points of a randompolynomial with real zeroes will converge in probability to the distribution of the zeroes. A simulation of the case with complex zeroesis also presented, which gives statistical support that this holds forrandom polynomials with complex zeroes as well. Lastly, the previous results are then applied to Sendov’s conjecture where we take aprobabilistic approach to this problem.
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Gipsman, Daria. "Critical points of shading: on intensity maxima." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80275.

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The human visual system possesses a remarkable ability to recognize shading patterns and attribute them to 3D shape. In this thesis statistical differences between shading and non-shading patterns are studied.
First, a formal analysis of the regions around shading maxima is presented. Second-order approximations of these regions are derived and compared to the approximations of the corresponding surface regions. The analysis supports the observation that the regions around the shading maxima tend to have elongated intensity structure.
Then, statistical properties of the regions around the maxima are discussed and related to the analytic properties of the shading maxima. The second-order coefficients of the shading images are estimated and their distributions are compared with those of the surfaces and the non-shading images. Distinctive properties of the distributions obtained from the shading images can be captured by their normalized third central moment, or skewness coefficient. It's thus concluded that the latter coefficient provides a cue to shading identification.
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Oag, Robert Martin. "Acoustic detection of liquid-vapour critical points." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275286.

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Rizvi, Syed Azhar Abbas Papas Charles Herach Papas Charles Herach. "The critical points of Poynting vector fields /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1988. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11082007-131130.

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Å, imÅ ek Alp. "Analysis of critical points for nonconvex optimization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32108.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-125).
In this thesis, we establish sufficient conditions under which an optimization problem has a unique local optimum. Motivated by the practical need for establishing the uniqueness of the optimum in an optimization problem in fields such as global optimization, equilibrium analysis, and efficient algorithm design, we provide sufficient conditions that are not merely theoretical characterizations of uniqueness, but rather, given an optimization problem, can be checked algebraically. In our analysis we use results from two major mathematical disciplines. Using the mountain pass theory of variational analysis, we are able to establish the uniqueness of the local optimum for problems in which every stationary point of the objective function is a strict local minimum and the function satisfies certain boundary conditions on the constraint region. Using the index theory of differential topology, we are able to establish the uniqueness of the local optimum for problems in which every generalized stationary point (Karush-Kuhn-Tucker point) of the objective function is a strict local minimum and the function satisfies some non-degeneracy assumptions. The uniqueness results we establish using the mountain pass theory and the topological index theory are comparable but not identical.
(cont.) Our results from the mountain pass analysis require the function to satisfy less strict structural assumptions such as weaker differentiability requirements, but more strict boundary conditions. In contrast, our results from the index theory require strong differentiability and non-degeneracy assumptions on the function, but treat the boundary and interior stationary points uniformly to assert the uniqueness of the optimum under weaker boundary conditions.
by Alp Simsek.
M.Eng.
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Pears, J. R. "Degenerate critical points and the Conley index." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15617.

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The thesis has two main themes: some homological results on the Conley index are put into a more natural homotopical context; and degenerate isolated critical points are studied from the point of view of the Conley index theory. A critical point of a smooth function is a rest point of the induced gradient flow so, if isolated, has a Conley index; this is the k-sphere, Sk, if the point is non-degenerate with Morse index k. The question as to which spaces can occur as the Conley index of a (degenerate) critical point is addressed. It is shown that the Lusternik Schnirelmann category of an invariant set (in general) is at least that of its Conley index less one. Consequently, the Conley index of a critical point can have Lusternik Schnirelmann category at most two. Conversely, the suspension of any finite CW-complex is shown to be the Conley index of a critical point of some function. A degenerate critical point may be broken up into a collection of non-degenerate points by perturbing the function in a neighbourhood of the point. The Conley index of the degenerate point is used to study this collection - homotopy invariants are introduced that give lower bounds on the number of critical values obtained in this manner. Despite its homotopical definition, much of the previous work using methods of algebraic topology with the Conley index concentrates on the homological properties of the index. This thesis, exploiting the definition of the Conley index as the homotopy type of a pointed space, studies the implications a flow on a space has on the homotopy of that space. It is shown that S-duality relates the forward and reverse flow Conley indices, generalising and clarifying a known Poincaré duality theorem on the homology of the indices.
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Ding, Xinli. "Generalized critical points analysis of acetylene vibrational dynamics /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3120621.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-154). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Curiel, Sosa Jose Luis. "Computational modelling of critical points and structural discontinuities." Thesis, Swansea University, 2006. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43193.

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Books on the topic "Critical sequence of points"

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Gatling, William D. Critical points. Ahoskie, N.C: Pierce Print. Co., 1997.

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Ambrosetti, A. Critical points and nonlinear variational problems. Paris, France: Société mathématique de France, 1992.

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Al-Rodhan, Nayef R. F., Graeme P. Herd, and Lisa Watanabe. Critical Turning Points in the Middle East. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230306769.

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Points fixes, points critiques et problèmes aux limites. Montréal, Québec, Canada: Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1985.

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Chemistry versus physics: Chemical reactions near critical points. Singapore: World Scientific, 2010.

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Indonesia. Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. CEPPP, Critical Environmental Pressure Points Project: Final report. Jakarta: Bappenas, 2006.

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Critical points at infinity in some variational problems. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989.

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Bahri, A. Critical points at infinity in some variational problems. Harlow: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989.

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Al-Rodhan, Nayef R. F. Critical turning points in the Middle East: 1915 -2015. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

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P, Herd Graeme, and Watanabe Lisa 1974-, eds. Critical turning points in the Middle East: 1915 - 2015. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Critical sequence of points"

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Dineen, Seán. "Critical Points." In Functions of Two Variables, 14–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3250-1_3.

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Casey, William H., and Peter A. Rock. "Critical Points." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 325–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_10.

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Casey, William H., and Peter A. Rock. "Critical Points." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_10-1.

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Berger, Marcel, and Bernard Gostiaux. "Critical Points." In Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 128–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1033-7_5.

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Callahan, James J. "Critical Points." In Advanced Calculus, 219–68. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7332-0_7.

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Verhulst, Ferdinand. "Critical points." In Universitext, 27–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97149-5_3.

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Garcia, Stephan Ramon, Javad Mashreghi, and William T. Ross. "Critical Points." In Finite Blaschke Products and Their Connections, 101–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78247-8_6.

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Verhulst, Ferdinand. "Critical points." In Universitext, 25–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61453-8_3.

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Beardon, Alan F. "Critical Points." In Iteration of Rational Functions, 192–245. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4422-6_9.

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Rodrigues, Ana. "Critical points." In One-Dimensional Dynamical Systems, 41–50. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003144618-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Critical sequence of points"

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Wa¨rmefjord, Kristina, Rikard So¨derberg, and Lars Lindkvist. "Strategies for Optimization of Spot Welding Sequence With Respect to Geometrical Variation in Sheet Metal Assemblies." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38471.

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During the assembly process of sheet metal parts, a lot of factors affect the final geometrical quality. It is important to have knowledge about the characteristics of as many as possible of those factors, not only to be able to reduce their effect, but also to be able to include those factors in variation simulations. Those tolerance simulations are crucial tools in early stages in automotive industry in order to predict the outcome in critical dimensions and it is of course important to have as good accuracy as possible in the simulations. One of the factors affecting the final geometry is the spot welding sequence. In this paper it is shown how the spot welding sequence affects the amount of geometrical variation in a sheet metal assembly. A method for including the welding sequence in tolerance simulations is described. Of course, it is desirable to find an optimal sequence, i.e. a sequence that minimizes the geometrical variation in the final assembly. Since this is a fast growing problem — the number of possible sequences for N welding points is N!, it is not practicable to test all possible sequences. In this work some different strategies for finding an optimal sequence are tested on several industrial case studies. The tested strategies are based on general guidelines, on minimizing variation in each welding step respectively calculations of the movements in unwelded points in each step. The strategies based on general guidelines was not successful, neither was the one based on minimization of the variation in each step. The strategy based on movements in the unwelded points seems however promising. It resulted in the best or one of the better sequences for all of the eight tested industrial case studies.
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Idder, Hassan Id Ben, and Nabil Laachfoubi. "Cloud Motion Estimation in Satellite Image Sequences by Tracking Skeleton Critical Points Using Lucas-Kanade Method." In 2016 13th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization (CGiV). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cgiv.2016.42.

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Han, Duanfeng, Kuo Huang, Yingfei Zan, Lihao Yuan, and Zhaohui Wu. "Dynamic Analysis on Critical Responses of Pipeline and Cable During Pipeline End Termination Installation." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18723.

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Abstract In order to figure out the dynamic characteristics of the pipeline and cable during pipeline end termination (PLET) installation based on S-laying, numerical simulation is carried out based on a practical operation project performed at Liwan oil and gas fields in the South China Sea. Four scenarios are selected from the PLET installation process in sequence for simulation. Critical responses of the pipeline and the cable in different scenarios of the operation are analyzed in this paper with a coupled model using RIFLEX module of SIMA software. Both the pipeline and the cable are modeled by the finite element method, and the pipelaying vessel is controlled by a dynamic positioning system. The simulation results are validated by the commonly used OrcaFlex software. The critical responses analyzed include static configuration, time-domain variation of axial tension at the top of the cable and bending moment variation near the touchdown point (TDP) of the pipeline. Furthermore, the time-domain variation of the tension at the top of the cable under different wave and current directions are also compared and analyzed, in order to study the effect of sea environment on the pipeline and cable during PLET installation operation. The results show that the responses of pipeline and cable vary in different operation scenarios, and the sea environment has remarkable effect on the pipeline and cable. The study in this paper is of value to the design of PLET installation based on pipelaying and can help predict the response of pipeline and cable during the operation.
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Liu, Zuolin, Hongbin Fang, Jian Xu, and K. W. Wang. "Triple-Cell Origami Structure for Multistable Transition Sequences." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22354.

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Abstract With the infinite design space and the excellent folding-induced deformability, origami has been recognized as an effective tool for developing reconfigurable structures. Particularly, the multistable origami structure, which possesses more than one stable configuration that is distinct in shape and mechanical properties, has received wide research attention. Generally, the origami structure reaches a kinematic singularity point when switching among different stable configurations. At this critical state, multiple switching sequences are possible, and the actual transition is generally hard to predict. In this paper, evolving from the conventional bistable Miura-ori unit, a triple-cell origami structure with eight potential stable configurations is proposed, which serves as a platform for investigating the transition sequences among different stable configurations. To quantify the overall elastic potential of the structure, besides the conventional elastic energy originating from the rigid folding creases, extra elastic potential induced by the mismatch among the cells are introduced, so that folding of the triple-cell structure is no longer a strict single degree-of-freedom mechanism. Instead, the three cells can deform asynchronously to avoid reaching the kinematic singularity point. Hence, under displacement loading, the transition sequence of the multistable structure is predicted by performing optimization on the elastic potential energy. It shows that sequences with multifarious characteristics are possible, including reversible and irreversible transitions, and transitions with symmetric and asymmetric energy barriers. Considering that the fundamental transition mechanisms are of great significance in understanding the quasi-static and dynamic behaviors of multistable structures, the results could be potentially employed for developing morphing structures, adaptive metamaterials, and mechanical logic gates.
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Min, Ping, Jiejuan Tong, and Xuhong He. "The Application of Time-Related Event Tree During the HTR-PM Design Phase." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89785.

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The Probabilistic Safety Assessment of HTR-PM, the demonstration nuclear power plant of High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor in P.R. China, started in 2005, in order to offer supplementary support to the reactor design. Four critical initiating events families such as water-ingress, primary depressurization, loss of primary cooling etc. have been selected for the accident sequence analysis during the preliminary reactor design phase. Due to the special characteristics of doing PSA in the new reactor design phase, such as insufficient information, unavoidable iterations, complicated communications among multiple specialties and so on, efficient measures shall be developed to further the projects. A time-related Event Tree approach presented in this paper is one of them. Compared with ordinary event tree, the time-related event tree intends to illustrate not only the accident propagation processes, but also the key time points when safety systems, signals and operator actions are challenged and the durations. It seems to be a good bridge between designers and PSA engineers for the consistent understanding and more efficient information exchanging.
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Yu, Yingwei, Wei Chen, Qiuhua Liu, Minh Chau, Velizar Vesselinov, and Richard Meehan. "Training an Automated Directional Drilling Agent with Deep Reinforcement Learning in a Simulated Environment." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204105-ms.

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Abstract Drilling a directional well becomes an essential process in the oil and gas industry to ensure better reservoir exposure and less wellbore collision risk. In the high-volume drilling market, cost-effective mud motors are dominant. The motor is capable of delivering the desired well curvature by switching between rotating and sliding operations. Therefore, to follow a predefined well trajectory, it is a critical mission to determine the optimal operation control sequence of the motor. In this paper, a method of training an automatic agent for motor directional drilling using the deep reinforcement learning approach is proposed. In designing the method, motor-based directional drilling is framed into the reinforcement learning with an automatic drilling system, also known as an agent, interacting with an environment (i.e., formations, wellbore geometry, equipment) through choices of controls in a sequence. The agent perceives the states such as inclination, MD, TVD at survey points and the planned trajectories from the environment, and then decides the best action of sliding or rotating to achieve the maximum total rewards. The environment is affected by the agent's actions and returns corresponding rewards to the agent. The rewards can be positive (such as drilling to target) or negative (such as offset distance to the planned trajectory, cost of drilling, and action switching). To train our agent, currently, a drilling simulator in a simulated environment is created with layered earth model and BHA directional responses in layers. Other attributes of the drilling system are assumed to be constant and handled automatically by the simulator. The planned trajectory is also provided to the agent while training. The directional-drilling agent is trained for thousands of episodes. As a result, the agent can successfully drill to target in this simulated environment through the decisions of sliding and rotating. The proposed workflow is known as the first automated directional drilling method based on deep reinforcement learning, which makes a sequence of decisions of rotating and sliding actions to follow a planned trajectory.
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Li, Lin, David H. Myszka, Andrew P. Murray, and Charles W. Wampler. "Using the Singularity Trace to Understand Linkage Motion Characteristics." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13244.

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This paper provides examples of a method used to analyze the motion characteristics of single-degree-of-freedom, closed-loop linkages under study a designated input angle and one or two design parameters. The method involves the construction of a singularity trace, which is a plot that reveals changes in the number of geometric inversions, singularities, and changes in the number of branches as a design parameter is varied. This paper applies the method to Watt II, Stephenson III and double butterfly linkages. For the latter two linkages, instances where the input angle is able to rotate more than one revolution between singularities have been identified. This characteristic demonstrates a net-zero, singularity free, activation sequence that places the mechanism into a different geometric inversion. Additional observations from the examples are given. Instances are shown where the singularity trace for the Watt II linkage includes multiple coincident projections of the singularity curve. Cases are shown where subtle changes to two design parameters of a Stephenson III linkage drastically alters the motion. Additionally, isolated critical points are found to exist for the double butterfly, where the linkage becomes a structure and looses the freedom to move.
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Clauss, Gu¨nther F. "Task-Related Rogue Waves Embedded in Extreme Seas." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28459.

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This paper describes a new technique for the generation of tailored design wave sequences in extreme seas which are simulated under laboratory conditions. The wave field is fitted to predetermined global and local target characteristics defined in terms of significant wave height, peak period as well as wave height, crest height, and period of individual waves. The generation procedure is based on two steps: Firstly, a linear approximation of the desired wave train is computed by a Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) method which optimises an initially random phase spectrum for a given variance spectrum. The wave board motion derived from this initial guess serves as starting point for directly fitting the physical wave train to the target parameters. The subplex method developed by Rowan (1990) is applied to improve systematically a certain time frame of the wave board motion which is responsible for the evolution of the design wave sequence. The discrete wavelet transformation is introduced to reduce significantly the number of free variables to be considered in the fitting problem. Wavelet analysis allows to localise efficiently the relevant information of the electrical control signal of the wave maker in time and frequency scale. Nonlinear free surface effects, even wave breaking are included in the fitting process since the simulation of the physical wave evolution under laboratory conditions is an integral part of the new technique. This feature is especially important for simulating experimentally wave/structure interactions in rogue waves and critical wave groups. As an illustration of this technique the Draupner “New Year Wave” is simulated and generated in a physical model wave tank. Also a “Three Sisters” wave sequence with succeeding wave heights Hs … 2Hs … Hs, embedded in an extreme sea, is synthesised.
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Faugère, Jean-Charles, Mohab Safey El Din, and Pierre-Jean Spaenlehauer. "Critical points and Gröbner bases." In the 37th International Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2442829.2442855.

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Li, Shen, Rosario Scalise, Henny Admoni, Siddhartha S. Srinivasa, and Stephanie Rosenthal. "Evaluating critical points in trajectories." In 2017 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roman.2017.8172481.

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Reports on the topic "Critical sequence of points"

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Bakić, Radoš. On the Location of Critical Points of Higher Order. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.03.01.

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Eaton, Brian Eric. On the calculation of critical points by the method of Heidemann and Khalil. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.1313.

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Machida, Yuichi, and Anindya Dutta. Mapping Critical DNA Sequence Elements Required for Amplification of erbB2 in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416606.

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Machida, Yuichi, and Anindya Dutta. Mapping Critical DNA Sequence Elements Required for Amplification of erbB2 in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406150.

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Amaya, Ashley. RTI International’s Address-Based Sampling Atlas: Drop points. RTI Press, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0047.1712.

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The Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) file contains listings for nearly all addresses in the United States. Survey researchers use the CDS as a sampling frame from which to draw an address-based sample (ABS). More than 700,000 addresses on the CDS are marked as drop points, which are mail receptacles shared by multiple housing units (drop units). Drop points are a challenge to sample and present a potential source of error because of their "one-to-many" relationships. Several techniques have been developed to overcome this challenge, including deleting them from the frame or sampling all units at a given drop point. This paper serves as an introduction to these challenges, discusses the pros and cons to each "solution," and provides a list of best practices.
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Awada, M., and Zongan Qiu. The critical points of the multimatrix model as the theories of 2-d W-gravity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6767420.

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Rafaeli, Ada, and Russell Jurenka. Molecular Characterization of PBAN G-protein Coupled Receptors in Moth Pest Species: Design of Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593390.bard.

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The proposed research was directed at determining the activation/binding domains and gene regulation of the PBAN-R’s thereby providing information for the design and screening of potential PBAN-R-blockers and to indicate possible ways of preventing the process from proceeding to its completion. Our specific aims included: (1) The identification of the PBAN-R binding domain by a combination of: (a) in silico modeling studies for identifying specific amino-acid side chains that are likely to be involved in binding PBAN with the receptor and; (b) bioassays to verify the modeling studies using mutant receptors, cell lines and pheromone glands (at tissue and organism levels) against selected, designed compounds to confirm if compounds are agonists or antagonists. (2) The elucidation ofthemolecular regulationmechanisms of PBAN-R by:(a) age-dependence of gene expression; (b) the effect of hormones and; (c) PBAN-R characterization in male hair-pencil complexes. Background to the topic Insects have several closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the pyrokinin/PBAN family, one with the ligand pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide or pyrokinin-2 and another with diapause hormone or pyrokinin-1 as a ligand. We were unable to identify the diapause hormone receptor from Helicoverpa zea despite considerable effort. A third, related receptor is activated by a product of the capa gene, periviscerokinins. The pyrokinin/PBAN family of GPCRs and their ligands has been identified in various insects, such as Drosophila, several moth species, mosquitoes, Triboliumcastaneum, Apis mellifera, Nasoniavitripennis, and Acyrthosiphon pisum. Physiological functions of pyrokinin peptides include muscle contraction, whereas PBAN regulates pheromone production in moths plus other functions indicating the pleiotropic nature of these ligands. Based on the alignment of annotated genomic sequences, the primary and secondary structures of the pyrokinin/PBAN family of receptors have similarity with the corresponding structures of the capa or periviscerokinin receptors of insects and the neuromedin U receptors found in vertebrates. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Evolutionary trace analysisof receptor extracellular domains exhibited several class-specific amino acid residues, which could indicate putative domains for activation of these receptors by ligand recognition and binding. Through site-directed point mutations, the 3rd extracellular domain of PBAN-R was shown to be critical for ligand selection. We identified three receptors that belong to the PBAN family of GPCRs and a partial sequence for the periviscerokinin receptor from the European corn borer, Ostrinianubilalis. Functional expression studies confirmed that only the C-variant of the PBAN-R is active. We identified a non-peptide agonist that will activate the PBAN-receptor from H. zea. We determined that there is transcriptional control of the PBAN-R in two moth species during the development of the pupa to adult, and we demonstrated that this transcriptional regulation is independent of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. This transcriptional control also occurs in male hair-pencil gland complexes of both moth species indicating a regulatory role for PBAN in males. Ultimate confirmation for PBAN's function in the male tissue was revealed through knockdown of the PBAN-R using RNAi-mediated gene-silencing. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The identification of a non-peptide agonist can be exploited in the future for the design of additional compounds that will activate the receptor and to elucidate the binding properties of this receptor. The increase in expression levels of the PBAN-R transcript was delineated to occur at a critical period of 5 hours post-eclosion and its regulation can now be studied. The mysterious role of PBAN in the males was elucidated by using a combination of physiological, biochemical and molecular genetics techniques.
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Meir, Shimon, Michael S. Reid, Cai-Zhong Jiang, Amnon Lers, and Sonia Philosoph-Hadas. Molecular Studies of Postharvest Leaf and Flower Senescence. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592657.bard.

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Original objectives: To understand the regulation of abscission by exploring the nature of changes of auxin-related gene expression in tomato (Lycopersicon esculatumMill) abscission zones (AZs) following organ removal, and by analyzing the function of these genes. Our specific goals were: 1) To complete the microarray analyses in tomato flower and leaf AZs, for identifying genes whose expression changes early in response to auxin depletion; 2) To examine, using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), the effect of silencing target genes on ethylene sensitivity and abscission competence of the leaf and flower AZs; 3) To isolate and characterize promoters from AZ-specific genes to be used in functional analysis; 4) To generate stable transgenic tomato plants with selected genes silenced with RNAi, under the control of an AZ-specific promoter, for further characterization of their abscission phenotypes. Background: Abscission, the separation of organs from the parent plant, results in postharvest quality loss in many ornamentals and other fresh produce. The process is initiated by changes in the auxin gradient across the AZ, and is triggered by ethylene. Although changes in gene expression have been correlated with the ethylene-mediated execution of abscission, there is almost no information on the initiation of the abscission process, as the AZ becomes sensitized to ethylene. The present project was focused on elucidating these early molecular regulatory events, in order to gain a better control of the abscission process for agricultural manipulations. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Microarray analyses, using the Affymetrix Tomato GeneChip®, revealed changes in expression, occurring early in abscission, of many genes with possible regulatory functions. These included a range of auxin- and ethylene-related transcription factors (TFs), other TFs that are transiently induced just after flower removal, and a set of novel AZ-specific genes. We also identified four different defense-related genes, including: Cysteine-type endopeptidase, α- DOX1, WIN2, and SDF2, that are newly-associated with the late stage of the abscission process. This supports the activation of different defense responses and strategies at the late abscission stages, which may enable efficient protection of the exposed tissue toward different environmental stresses. To facilitate functional studies we implemented an efficient VIGS system in tomato, and isolated two abscission-specific promoters (pTAPG1 and pTAPG4) for gene silencing in stable transformation. Using the VIGS system we could demonstrate the importance of TAPGs in abscission of tomato leaf petioles, and evaluated the importance of more than 45 genes in abscission. Among them we identified few critical genes involved in leaf and flower abscission. These included: PTRP-F1, PRP, TKN4, KNOTTED-like homeobox TF, KD1, and KNOX-like homeodomain protein genes, the silencing of which caused a striking retardation of pedicel abscission, and ERF1, ERF4, Clavata-like3 protein, Sucrose transporter protein, and IAA10 genes, the silencing of which delayed petiole abscission. The importance of PRPand KD1 genes in abscission was confirmed also by antisense–silencing using pTAPG4. Experiments testing the effects of RNAi silencing of few other genes are still in progress, The analysis of the microarray results of flower and leaf AZs allowed us to establish a clear sequence of events occurring during acquisition of tissue sensitivity to ethylene, and to confirm our hypothesis that acquisition of ethylene sensitivity in the AZ is associated with altered expression of auxin-regulated genes in both AZs. Implication, both scientific and agricultural: Our studies had provided new insights into the regulation of the abscission process, and shaded light on the molecular mechanisms that drive the acquisition of abscission competence in the AZ. We pointed out some critical genes involved in regulation of abscission, and further expanded our knowledge of auxin-ethylene cross talk during the abscission process. This permits the development of novel techniques for manipulating abscission, and thereby improving the postharvest performance of ornamentals and other crops.
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Stern, David, and Gadi Schuster. Manipulation of Gene Expression in the Chloroplast. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575289.bard.

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The steady-state level of a given mRNA is determined by its rates of transcription and degradation. The stabilities of chloroplast mRNAs vary during plant development, in part regulating gene expression. Furthermore, the fitness of the organelle depends on its ability to destroy non-functional transcripts. In addition, there is a resurgent interest by the biotechnology community in chloroplast transformation due to the public concerns over pollen transmission of introduced traits or foreign proteins. Therefore, studies into basic gene expression mechanisms in the chloroplast will open the door to take advantage of these opportunities. This project was aimed at gaining mechanistic insights into mRNA processing and degradation in the chloroplast and to engineer transcripts of varying stability in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. This research uncovered new and important information on chloroplast mRNA stability, processing, degradation and translation. In particular, the processing of the 3' untranslated regions of chloroplast mRNAs was shown to be important determinants in translation. The endonucleolytic site in the 3' untranslated region was characterized by site directed mutagensis. RNA polyadenylation has been characterized in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and chloroplast transformants carrying polyadenylated sequences were constructed and analyzed. Data obtained to date suggest that chloroplasts have gene regulatory mechanisms which are uniquely adapted to their post-endosymbiotic environment, including those that regulate RNA stability. An exciting point has been reached, because molecular genetic studies have defined critical RNA-protein interactions that participate in these processes. However, much remains to be learned about these multiple pathways, how they interact with each other, and how many nuclear genes are consecrated to overseeing them. Chlamydomonas is an ideal model system to extend our understanding of these areas, given its ease of manipulation and the existing knowledge base, some of which we have generated.
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Kira, Beatriz, Rutendo Tavengerwei, and Valary Mumbo. Points à examiner à l'approche des négociations de Phase II de la ZLECAf: enjeux de la politique commerciale numérique dans quatre pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Digital Pathways at Oxford, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/01.

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Realities such as the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the move to online operations, highlighting the undeniable fact that the world is continuing to go digital. This emphasises the need for policymakers to regulate in a manner that allows them to harness digital trade benefits while also avoiding associated risk. However, given that digital trade remains unco-ordinated globally, with countries adopting different approaches to policy issues, national regulatory divergence on the matter continues, placing limits on the benefits that countries can obtain from digital trade. Given these disparities, ahead of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Phase II Negotiations, African countries have been considering the best way to harmonise regulations on issues related to digital trade. To do this effectively, AfCFTA members need to identify where divergencies exist in their domestic regulatory systems. This will allow AfCFTA members to determine where harmonisation is possible, as well as what is needed to achieve such harmonisation. This report analyses the domestic regulations and policies of four focus countries – South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya and Senegal – comparing their regulatory approaches to five policy issues: i) regulation of online transactions; ii) cross-border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection; iii) access to source code and technology transfer; iv) intermediary liability; and v) customs duties on electronic transmissions. The study highlights where divergencies exist in adopted approaches, indicating the need for the four countries – and AfCFTA members in general – to carefully consider the implications of the divergences, and determine where it is possible and beneficial to harmonise approaches. This was intended to encourage AfCFTA member states to take ownership of these issues and reflect on the reforms needed. As seen in Table 1 below, the study shows that the four countries diverge on most of the five policy issues. There are differences in how all four countries regulate online transactions – that is, e-signatures and online consumer protection. Nigeria was the only country out of the four to recognise all types of e-signatures as legally equivalent. Kenya and Senegal only recognise specific e-signatures, which are either issued or validated by a recognised institution, while South Africa adopts a mixed approach, where it recognises all e-signatures as legally valid, but provides higher evidentiary weight to certain types of e-signatures. Only South Africa and Senegal have specific regulations relating to online consumer protection, while Nigeria and Kenya do not have any clear rules. With regards to cross border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection, the study shows that all four focus countries have regulations that consist of elements borrowed from the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, this was regarding the need for the data subject's consent, and also the adequacy requirement. Interestingly, the study also shows that South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria also adopt data localisation measures, although at different levels of strictness. South Africa’s data localisation laws are mostly imposed on data that is considered critical – which is then required to be processed within South African borders – while Nigeria requires all data to be processed and stored locally, using local servers. Kenya imposes data localisation measures that are mostly linked to its priority for data privacy. Out of the four focus countries, Senegal is the only country that does not impose any data localisation laws. Although the study shows that all four countries share a position on customs duties on electronic transmissions, it is also interesting to note that none of the four countries currently have domestic regulations or policies on the subject. The report concludes by highlighting that, as the AfCFTA Phase II Negotiations aim to arrive at harmonisation and to improve intra-African trade and international trade, AfCFTA members should reflect on their national policies and domestic regulations to determine where harmonisation is needed, and whether AfCFTA is the right platform for achieving this efficiently.
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