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1

A, Levy David. Where profits come from: Answering the critical question that few ever ask. Mount Kisco, NY (69 South Moger Ave., #202, Mount Kisco 10549-2217): Levy Institute Forecasting Center, 1997.

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2

The proxy system in Canadian corporations: A critical analysis. [Montréal]: Wilson & Lafleur, 1986.

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3

Goulet, George R. D. The trial of Louis Riel: Justice and mercy denied : a critical legal and political analysis. Calgary, Alta: Tellwell Pub., 1999.

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4

The trial of Louis Riel: Justice and mercy denied : a critical, legal and political analysis. Calgary: Tellwell, 1999.

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5

Demsetz, Harold. The economics of the business firm: Seven critical commentaries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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6

Harms, David B., Curtis L. Mo, and Mary Jo White. Critical decisions in the boardroom: Advising your clients. New York, NY: Practising Law Institute, 2006.

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7

Ferreri, Mara. The Permanence of Temporary Urbanism. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984912.

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Temporary urbanism has become a distinctive feature of urban life after the 2008 global financial crisis. This book offers a critical exploration of its emergence and establishment as a seductive discourse and as an entangled field of practice encompassing architecture, visual and performative arts, urban regeneration policies and planning. Drawing on seven years of semi-ethnographic research, it explores the politics of temporariness from a situated analysis of neighbourhood transformation, media representations and wider political and cultural shifts in austerity London. Through a longitudinal engagement with projects and practitioners, the book tests the power of aesthetic and cultural interventions and highlights tensions between the promise of vacant space re-appropriation and its commodification. Against the normalisation of ephemerality, it presents a critique of the permanence of temporary urbanism as a glamorisation of the anticipatory politics of precarity which are transforming cities, subjectivities and imaginaries of urban action.
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8

García Cox, Geovanny Gabriel, Viviana Carolina Valdiviezo Holguín, Jonathan Livingston Morante Mendoza, Marcela Sabrina Delgado Peña, Migleth Natally Cisneros López, Johanna Denys Suarez Orrala, Angela María Fierro Guzñay, et al. Medicina Critica: Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo. Mawil Publicaciones de Ecuador, 2020, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26820/978-9942-826-26-8.

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La práctica médica presenta en la actualidad diferentes acciones para lograr atención eficiente en los pacientes, ejemplo de ello lo constituye la medicina crítica, mediante la cual, los diferentes profesionales logran ofrecer a los individuos un diagnóstico, evaluación y tratamiento individualizado de manera acorde a su propia sintomatología. Es allí, donde el intensivista se convierte en el profesional capacitado cuyas competencias permiten atender al enferme en estado crítico. En consecuencia, su ubicación en la medicina permite fijar como objetivos la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de los estados fisiopatológicos que pueden colocar en peligro a la vida. Como tal, esta actividad implica una especialización que requiere un perfil de conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas que le son propias para el proceso de adquisición y prácticas de esta especialidad. Es allí, donde las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos generan, en el marco institucional hospitalario, una estructura capaz de cuidar y sostener las funciones vitales de los pacientes con riesgo actual o potencial de vida y establece pautas de acción, coordinar, evaluar y efectuar el ordenamiento de los pacientes críticos derivados de los distintos servicios.
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9

The Economics of the Business Firm: Seven Critical Commentaries. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

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10

People's Capitalism?: A Critical Analysis of Profit-Sharing and Employee Share Ownership. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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11

People's capitalism?: A critical analysis of profit-sharing and employee share ownership. London: Routledge, 1989.

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12

Lesley, Baddon, ed. People's capitalism?: A critical analysis of profit-sharing and employee share ownership. London: Routledge, 1989.

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13

van der Vlies, Andrew. Towards a Critical Nostalgia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793762.003.0005.

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South African-born, Scottish-resident author Zoë Wicomb is a key postapartheid literary figure; her oeuvre complicates assumptions about locatedness, ethnicity, and cosmopolitanism. This chapter reads her novels—David’s Story (2000), Playing in the Light (2006), October (2014)—and select short fiction—in You Can’t Get Lost in Cape Town (1987) and The One That Got Away (2008); ‘In Search of Tommie’ (2010)—to consider how Wicomb stages text itself as a privileged space within which to hold open the promise of the ‘loose end’ (a recurring metaphor), exploring its potential to unravel older formations in the social fabric to suggest new narrative and relational threads. It argues that the prevalence of queer subjects in her fiction mirrors Wicomb’s formally ‘queer’ strategies, including meta- and intertextuality, which offer more than the textual equivalent of characters’ displacements or the author’s own restless transnationalism (here October’s debts to Marilynne Robinson’s novel Home are canvassed).
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14

Fullerton, James N., and Mervyn Singer. Oxygen in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0032.

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Oxygen therapy is primarily administered to alleviate arterial hypoxaemia and tissue hypoxia, and to facilitate aerobic cellular respiration. Hypoxaemia (PaO2 < 8 kPa [60 mmHg], SaO2 <92%) is associated with end-organ damage and adverse clinical outcomes, serving as a proxy measure for reduced intracellular PO2. Increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen should form part of an overall strategy to maximize tissue oxygen delivery. Permissive hypoxaemia represents a valid treatment strategy in a selected patient cohort. Oxygen is a drug and oxygen therapy is not benign, and oxygen administration at high, sustained doses (FiO2 >0.5, >12 hours) may cause oxygen toxicity. Observational studies in both mechanically-ventilated patients and survivors of non-traumatic cardiac arrest indicate an independent association between increasing hyperoxaemia and mortality. Oxygen therapy may additionally precipitate hypercapnic ventilatory failure in those at risk and oxygen should be administered to achieve a prescribed target SaO2 or PaO2 range, via adjustment of dose and delivery device. If no monitoring is available, hypoxaemia should be avoided by giving high-flow oxygen to achieve a FiO2 of near 1.0 with subsequent titration once oxygenation status is established.
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15

Suffredini, Anthony F., and J. Perren Cobb. Genetic and molecular expression patterns in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0031.

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Investigators who study RNA, proteins, or metabolites use analytic platforms that simultaneously measure changes in the relative abundance of thousands of molecules in a single biological sample. Over the last decade, the application of these high-throughput, genome-wide platforms to study critical illness and injury has generated huge quantities of data that require specialized computational skills for analysis. These investigations hold promise for improving our understanding of the host response, thereby transforming the practice of intensive care. This chapter summarizes recent technological and computational approaches used in genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. While major advances have been made with these approaches when applied to chronic diseases, the acute nature of critical illness and injury has unique challenges. The rapidity of initiating events, the trajectory of inflammation that follows injury or infection and the interplay of host responses to a replicating infection, all have major effects on changes in gene and molecular expression. This complexity is further accentuated by measurement that may vary with the timing and type of tissue sampled after the critical event. In addition, the hunt for novel molecular markers holds promise for identifying patients at risk for severe illness and for enabling more individualized therapy.
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16

Hyman, Jeff, Lesley Baddon, John Leopold, Harvie Ramsay, and Laurie Hunter. People's Capitalism?: A Critical Analysis of Profit-Sharing and Employee Share Ownership. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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17

Hyman, Jeff, Lesley Baddon, John Leopold, Harvie Ramsay, and Laurie Hunter. People's Capitalism?: A Critical Analysis of Profit-Sharing and Employee Share Ownership. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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18

Hyman, Jeff, Lesley Baddon, John Leopold, Harvie Ramsay, and Laurie Hunter. People's Capitalism?: A Critical Analysis of Profit-Sharing and Employee Share Ownership. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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19

James, Joyce. Exiles: A Critical Edition. University Press of Florida, 2016.

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20

James, Joyce, Michael Patrick Gillespie, and A. Nicholas Fargnoli. Exiles: A Critical Edition. University Press of Florida, 2019.

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21

Kropf, Nancy P., and Sherry M. Cummings. Future Directions in Interventions with Older Adults. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190214623.003.0014.

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In looking toward the future, additional treatment approaches need to be implemented and evaluated for the older population. This chapter critically examines two interventions that have demonstrated effectiveness with adults, but that have limited implementation and evaluation with older adults. These two approaches, mindfulness-based stress reduction and behavior activation, are presented as emerging therapies that hold promise for older adults in critical areas of later life such as depression, pain management, and decreasing social isolation. The literature on effectiveness with the non-aging population is summarized, and the existing studies with older adults are presented. In addition, modifications that are appropriate for older clients are included.
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22

Allan, Hutchinson. Part VI Constitutional Theory, C Key Debates in Constitutional Theory, Ch.46 The Politics of Constitutional Law: A Critical Approach. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0046.

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After almost 25 years of jurisprudence under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, many of the fears expressed by critics of the Charter have come to pass—judicial review under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms operates as an institutional device to curb more than advance democratic politics and to entrench more than challenge a conservative ideology. The Charter is indeed a potent political weapon, but one that has been and continues to be used to benefit vested interests in society and to debilitate further an already imperfect democratic process of government. For such critics, whether or not that was the intention of its proponents and drafters is beside the point. Indeed, despite some of the best intentions of the ‘Charter-party’, the courts have not delivered on the touted democratic promise of the Charter. This chapter canvasses different critical challenges to the Charter.
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23

Tarsia, Paolo. Dyspnoea in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0083.

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Dyspnoea may be defined as a subjective experience of discomfort associated with breathing. Breathing discomfort arises as a result of complex interactions between signals relayed from the upper airways, the chest wall, the lungs, and the central nervous system. Integration of this information with higher brain centres provides further processing. The final aspects of the sensation of dyspnoea are influenced by contextual, environmental, behavioural, and cognitive factors. At least three qualitatively distinct sensations have been employed to describe discomfort in breathing—air hunger, increased effort of breathing, and chest tightness. Air hunger has been shown to be associated with stimulation of chemoreceptors. Increased effort of breathing may arise in clinical conditions that impair respiratory muscle performance through abnormal mechanical loads or when respiratory muscles are weakened (neuromuscular diseases). Chest tightness is often experienced by asthmatic patients during episodes of acute bronchoconstriction. Measurement of dyspnoea is essential in order to assess it adequately and monitor response to treatment. Dyspnoea assessment may be carried out thorough a number of different scales, questionnaires, or exercise tests. Strategies in controlling dyspnoea should not focus uniquely on decreasing dyspnoea intensity. Patients may profit from interventions that decrease the unpleasantness associated with breathlessness without necessarily affecting the intensity component of the symptom.
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24

Mirowski, Philip, and Edward Nik-Khah. The Experimentalist School of Design. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190270056.003.0013.

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This chapter covers the third, and most recent, school of market design, and describes the critical ways it diverges from the previous two schools. The major protagonists here are Vernon Smith, Charles Plott, and Alvin Roth. For this school, market problems are first and foremost computational problems; economists promise to construct markets that will do the thinking that the agents cannot. In this school, market designers break out of the previous conventional sphere of markets, and promise to construct algorithms that perform all manner of feats of organization and computation.
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25

James, Joyce. Dubliners Annotated Norton Critical Edition. Independently Published, 2021.

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26

James, Joyce. Dubliners Annotated Nortan Critical Edition. Independently Published, 2021.

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27

Innovation and Continuity in English Studies: A Critical Jubilee (Bamberger Beitrage Zur Englischen Sprachwissenschaft, Bd. 44.). Peter Lang Publishing, 2001.

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28

James, Joyce. Ulysses: A Critical and Synoptic Edition. Garland Publishing, 1986.

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29

Umbach, Gaby. Measuring (Global) Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793342.003.0003.

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The chapter questions how we can measure global governance. It critically examines existing approaches to the measurement of global governance. It pays particular attention to key conceptual and methodological concerns of the overall endeavour to quantify and/or qualify global governance. The chapter focuses on the measurement of global governance as a multidimensional paradigm of international political and institutional practice that, being not measurable per se, requires complex aggregations of indicators and statistical data to serve as proxies to capture its broad conceptual character. As constructed proxies they not only measure, but naturally also frame the reality they are set out to measure, partially in a rather prescriptive way. The chapter discusses the conceptual quality of governance and its related measurement tools; their relevance and use as well as key methodological issues involved in measuring governance, ‘good’ governance, and global governance.
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30

St John, Taylor. International Officials and the Rise of ISDS. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789918.003.0002.

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This chapter builds a new explanation for the rise of ISDS, drawing on the theoretical tradition of historical institutionalism. It begins with a general discussion of the promise of historical institutionalism, focusing on preferences and unintended consequences. The second section introduces the concept of critical juncture and argues that international officials can determine the outcome of a critical juncture, if certain conditions are met. The chapter specifies these conditions as well as motivations, resources, and strategies of international officials. The third section turns to gradual institutional development, and introduces feedback effects, layering, and conversion as mechanisms that help us understand how institutional structure can be reproduced while simultaneously entailing novel institutional purposes and unintended consequences.
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31

Lewington, Andrew, and Michael Weston. Imaging the urinary tract in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0210.

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Imaging the urinary tract of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) may assist identifying the cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). By the nature of their illness patients on ICU will often be clinically unstable and this will restrict the choice of imaging. Ultrasound is the most commonly used non-invasive imaging technique used, and is essential for assessing renal anatomy, determining kidney size and the presence of obstruction. New developments hold much promise and there are a number of centres now using this technology. Doppler ultrasonography has become increasingly popular to assess intrarenal blood flow. CT scanning can be used with or without contrast when ultrasonography is non-diagnostic and is very useful in identifying calcification within the renal tract. However, the patient must be stable enough for transfer to the radiology department. It is important to consider the risk of iodinated contrast-induced AKI (CI-AKI) in critically-ill patients and minimize potential renal injury. Magnetic resonance imaging may be preferred where there is risk of CI-AKI, but the logistics may prove even more demanding. Renal arteriography is rarely performed, but may be required for diagnostic and interventional procedures for renal artery stenosis or sites of active haemorrhage.
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32

Wright, Tom F. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190496791.003.0008.

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This closing chapter explores how the appreciation of lecture culture has been conditioned by the priorities of three distinct moments of interpretation: the final decades of the nineteenth century; the post-World War II period; and the first decades of the Twenty First Century. It reflects on how interdisciplinary methods and new critical priorities offer to promise the discovery of new complexities and truths beneath the problematic yet seductive myths of the nineteenth-century lyceum.
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33

Bilic, Pasko, Toni Prug, and Mislav Žitko. The Political Economy of Digital Monopolies. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529212372.001.0001.

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Digital platforms have come under intense scrutiny from scholars, policy makers, regulators, and the general public for their immense and yet largely opaque influence on the social and economic sphere. This book advances value-form and social-form directions in Marxian theory, moving beyond mainstream economic reasoning that informs much of the debate. Digital monopoly platforms such as Google and Facebook are analysed in light of their profit seeking behaviour and monetary flows generated primarily through advertising and data commodification. Considering the unity of production and circulation the book argues that outputs are better understood as a collection of different types of social forms shaped by capital (pre, intermediate and final commodities) and as forms of public wealth (Copyleft Free Software, publicly financed science and research). The authors critically engage with Marxian theories that conceptualise user activities as forms of digital labour, with zero-price markets and critical legal theories, as well as with ‘internet exceptionalism’ in various forms. The role of regulation of production, especially of financial markets and monopolies is critically discussed with an empirical analysis of the development of GAFAM companies, Google’s mandatory reporting to the Securities and Exchange Commission, and of digital advertising of Google and Facebook. The book discusses contradictions of the capitalist mode of production, limits of ongoing reform initiatives, and alternatives to the logic of capital and commodity production on digital platforms.
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34

Wu, Yung-Hsing. Closely, Consciously Reading Feminism. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039805.003.0005.

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This chapter considers the fate of close reading in second-wave reading and writing communities, through an analysis of memoirs, literary criticism, and a novel, Marilyn French's The Women's Room. It argues that just as feminist consciousness-raising believed that reading could generate closeness among women, and just as feminist fiction of the 1970s was regularly cited (and decried) for an intimacy of identification it was said to create for women readers, early feminist literary criticism was marked by an investment in the political promise of closeness. For feminist literary critics of that first academic generation, this sensibility marked a shift from closeness described as a familiar stance toward textuality to one with distinctive affective and political valences. In other words, this sensibility yoked the question of women reading to consciousness: to its nascence, whether sudden or gradual, and to its qualities of strangeness, pain, even joy. While their assumptions led them to find reading in very different places, their critical desires stemmed from the shared view that reading, wherever it is found, can be a place for politics.
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35

Lian, Chaoqun. Language, Ideology and Sociopolitical Change in the Arabic-speaking World. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474449946.001.0001.

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This book offers a critical interpretation of how the meta-linguistic language planning and language policy (LPLP) discourse of major Arabic language academies from the turn of the twentieth century until the present day continuously ‘burden’ language with extra-linguistic, sociopolitical meanings, making it a proxy for the protracted courses of national identity negotiation, counter-peripheralisation in the modern world-system and modernisation. Integrating theories of language symbolism, language indexicality, LPLP, habitus, banal nationalism, world-system and perspectives of Critical Discourse Analysis, the book develops our understanding of the phenomenon and mechanism of the entanglement between language, ideology and sociopolitical change in the Arabic-speaking world and beyond.
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36

Gaudern, Mia. The Etymological Poetry of W. H. Auden, J. H. Prynne, and Paul Muldoon. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850458.001.0001.

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This book defines, analyses, and theorises a late modern ‘etymological poetry’ that is alive to the past lives of its words, and probes the possible significance of them both explicitly and implicitly. Close readings of poetry and criticism by Auden, Prynne, and Muldoon investigate the implications of their etymological perspectives for the way their language establishes relationships between people, and between people and the world. These twin functions of communication and representation are shown to be central to the critical reception of etymological poetry, which is a category of ‘difficult’ poetry. However resonant poetic etymologising may be, critics warn that it shows the poet’s natural interest in language degenerating into an unhealthy obsession with the dictionary. It is unavoidably pedantic, in the post-Saussurean era, to entertain the idea that a word’s history might have any relevance to its current use. As such, etymological poetry elicits the closest of close readings, thus encouraging readers to reflect not only on its own pedantry, obscurity, and virtuosity, but also on how these qualities function in criticism. As well as presenting a new way of reading three very different late modern poet-critics, this book addresses an understudied aspect of the relationship between poetry and criticism. Its findings are situated in the context of literary debates about difficulty and diction, and in larger cultural conversations about the workings of language as a historical event.
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37

Eisenberg, Melvin A. Mechanical Errors (“Unilateral Mistakes”). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731404.003.0041.

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Chapter 41 concerns unilateral mistakes. A unilateral mistake is a transient mental blunder that results from an error in the mechanics of an actor’s mental machinery, such as incorrectly adding a column of figures. Mistakes of these kinds are referred to in this book as mechanical errors. Mechanical errors differ from evaluative mistakes in several critical respects. For one thing, unlike evaluative mistakes the prospect that a counterparty will make a mechanical error normally is not a risk that is bargained for. And unlike evaluative mistakes, relief for mechanical errors would not undermine the very idea of promise: A promisor who seeks relief on the ground of a mechanical error does not assert that all things considered she doesn’t wish to perform. Rather, she asserts that she has a morally acceptable excuse that is well within the systemics of promise.
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38

Bevan, Chris. Land Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198789765.001.0001.

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Land Law maintains a critical emphasis and encourages the reader to consider and understand the law in context (both within society and the academic world), not just in the abstract. Topics covered include: the principles of registered land, unregistered land, adverse possession, co-ownership, and interest in the family home. It also looks at licences and proprietary estoppel, leases, the law of easements and profits, covenants in freehold land, and the law of mortgages. Finally, it looks at land law and human rights.
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39

Turner, Brian S. Secularization, Biomedical Technology, and Life Extension. Edited by Phil Zuckerman and John R. Shook. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.44.

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This chapter is concerned with the contemporary impact of the biomedical sciences on life expectancy and how the so-called life-extension project. A promise of more or less indefinite human survival or the end of aging represents a critical challenge, not just to religious assumptions about life, aging and death but to traditional moral assumptions about the just distribution of resources in society. Medical consumption is simply a subset of general consumption, and the idea of living forever is central to modern secular lifestyles. The tensions between religion and medicine, and therefore the nature of “medical secularization,” can be understood by recognizing that many critical problems for the Christian churches in modernity are raised by questions about the changing status of the human body. As modern societies are driven by technological and scientific advances, the choices that confront humans fall broadly into two camps, namely posthumanism and transhumanism.
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40

Bicanic, Tihana, and Thomas S. Harrison. Fungal central nervous system infections. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0022.

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Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are amongst the most severe of all fungal infections. Cryptococcus neoformans is the commonest cause of adult meningitis in many countries with high HIV prevalence. C gattii is usually seen in the tropics in apparently immunocompetent patients. Meningitis is also caused by Candida in premature babies, and by the dimorphic fungi in endemic areas. CNS infections with Aspergillus, the mucormycetes, and less common moulds usually present as intracranial mass lesions in immunocompromised hosts. Early suspicion, prompt imaging, and appropriate samples for culture, histology, and antigen and molecular tests are all critical for early diagnosis. Organism-specific antifungal therapy relies largely on liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole, with therapeutic drug monitoring for the latter. Amphotericin B plus flucytosine is recommended for cryptococcal meningitis. Management of underlying conditions is also critical. Targeted prophylaxis in highest risk groups and pre-emptive therapy for HIV-associated cryptococcosis hold promise for prevention and improved outcome.
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41

Spindel, Patricia Anne. Private interests or the public interest?: A critical examination of the role of stakeholder groups in the development of phase one of a long term care policy in Ontario, 1989 to 1994. 1996.

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42

Hannan, Jason, ed. Meatsplaining. Sydney University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30722/sup.9781743327104.

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The animal agriculture industry, like other profit-driven industries, aggressively seeks to shield itself from public scrutiny. To that end, it uses a distinct set of rhetorical strategies to deflect criticism. These tactics are fundamental to modern animal agriculture but have long evaded critical analysis. In this collection, academic and activist contributors investigate the many forms of denialism perpetuated by the animal agriculture industry. What strategies does the industry use to avoid questions about its inhumane treatment of animals and its impact on the environment and public health? What narratives, myths and fantasies does it promote to sustain its image in the public imagination?
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43

Chiu, Kuei-fen, and Yingjin Zhang, eds. The Making of Chinese-Sinophone Literatures as World Literature. Hong Kong University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528721.001.0001.

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This volume aims to bridge the distance between the scholarship of world literature and that of Chinese and Sinophone literary studies. It advances research on world literature by bringing in new developments in Chinese/Sinophone literatures, and adds a much-needed new global perspective on Chinese literary studies beyond the traditional national literature paradigm and its recent critique by Sinophone studies. In addition to a critical mapping of the domains of world literature, Sinophone literature, and world literature in Chinese to delineate the nuanced differences of these three disciplines, it addresses the issues of translation, genre, and the impact of media and technology on our understanding of “literature” and “literary prestige.” It provides critical studies of the complicated ways in which Chinese and Sinophone literatures are translated, received, and reinvested across various genres and media, and thus circulate as world literature. The issues taken up by the contributors to this volume promise fruitful polemical interventions in the studies of world literature from the vantage point of Chinese and Sinophone literatures.
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44

Kilson, Martin. Analysis of Black American Voters in Barack Obama’s Victory. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036453.003.0003.

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This chapter probes the electoral attributes of a special political dynamic that contributed significantly to Barack Obama's victory in both the 2008 Democratic primary contests and in the national presidential election. That special political dynamic involved the unique contribution of African American voters (hereafter referred to as the Black Voter Bloc or BVB) in facilitating Obama's election as the first African American President of the United States. It argues that the BVB played a critical electoral role in the Obama campaign's delegate count victory in the Democratic primaries by early July 2008 and in the Obama–Biden Democratic ticket's victory over the McCain–Palin Republican ticket in the November 4, 2008, presidential election.
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45

Sulkunen, Pekka, Thomas F. Babor, Jenny Cisneros Ornberg, Michael Egerer, Matilda Hellman, Charles Livingstone, Virve Marionneau, et al. Setting Limits. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817321.001.0001.

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Commercial gambling has developed in the past few decades into a complex enterprise that is at once a recreational activity, a global profit-making industry, and a potentially harmful behavior. New technologies, large for-profit corporations, and extended legalization, have changed the contexts and traditional roles of gambling. Using a public interest framework, this book discusses gambling policies that will best serve the public good. The book critically evaluates the scientific research on regulations designed to prevent or reduce the individual and collective harm from the activity. Efficient methods have a high probability of success if adequate consideration is given to the complexity of the problems. The difficulty is political: the use of these methods most likely conflicts with financial considerations. Problem users bring in the largest share of the money to the trade. Preventing gambling-related harm is rarely possible without limiting the overall volume of the activity.
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46

de Melo-Martin, Inmaculada. Rethinking Reprogenetics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190460204.001.0001.

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Reprogenetic technologies, which combine the power of reproductive techniques with the tools of genetic science and technology, promise prospective parents a remarkable degree of control to pick and choose the likely characteristics of their offspring. Prominent authors such as Agar, Buchanan, DeGrazia, Green, Harris, Robertson, Savulescu, and Silver have flocked to the banner of reprogenetics. For them, increased reproductive choice and reduced suffering through the elimination of genetic disease and disability are just the first step. They advocate use of these technologies to create beings who enjoy longer and healthier lives, possess greater intellectual capacities, and are capable of more refined emotional experiences. Indeed, Harris and Savulescu take reprogenetic technologies to be so valuable that their use is not only morally permissible but morally obligatory. Rethinking Reprogenetics challenges this mainstream view with a contextualized, gender-attentive philosophical perspective. It shows that one need not be a Luddite, a social conservative, or a religious zealot to be critical of reprogenetics. Pointing out the flawed nature of the arguments put forward by the technologies’ proponents, Rethinking Reprogenetics reveals the problematic nature of the assumptions underpinning current evaluations of these technologies and offers a framework for a more critical and skeptical assessment.
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47

Mossberger, Karen, Eric W. Welch, and Yonghong Wu, eds. Transforming Everything? Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190082871.001.0001.

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Broadband, or high-speed internet, has been called the most important infrastructure challenge of the century by the National Broadband Plan. It has the potential to connect remote communities, help coordinate and streamline healthcare services, enable our children with unparalleled access to learning opportunities, promote government transparency and civic participation, and spark and support innovation in the economy and across numerous fields. But businesses and government agencies must be prepared to take advantage of new technologies, and individuals must have the connections and skills to use them. This volume argues that there is a critical need to understand whether or how public and private investments in broadband make a difference, and the best way to do that is to invest in high-quality program evaluation to assess the full range of critical outcomes and impacts. It addresses challenges for evaluating broadband initiatives to promote learning across studies and diverse contexts and offers guidance and methods of evaluation for policymakers as well as researchers. Such evaluation can provide evidence for programs and policy and show whether the transformative promise of broadband is being fulfilled, under what conditions, and for whom it has the greatest impact.
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Levine, Gregory P. A. Zen Sells Zen Things. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469290.003.0009.

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This chapter explores Japanese Zen material culture and materialism in a contemporary American monastic context. It examines the adaptation of mainstream business operations by The Monastery Store at Zen Mountain Monastery, established by John Daido Loori near Woodstock, New York, in 1980. It provides a visual and critical analysis of The Monastery Store’s mail-order catalogue, website, and brick-and-mortar facility on the monastery grounds, and it contrasts “retail Zen” (i.e., the mass marketing of vaguely Zen-like articles by multinational distribution chains for maximum profit) and “Zen retail” (i.e., the selective sale of sustainably sourced Zen items by nonprofit Zen monasteries to support adherents’ practice). In so doing, this analysis contributes to our understanding of Buddhist economics, practice, ethics, and other Zen matters.
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Brysk, Alison. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901516.003.0011.

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The gender gap in human security remains the most serious threat to the dignity and well-being of the world’s people in the 21st century. After examining patterns and cases of gender violence and response worldwide, what have we learned about how to bring half the world’s women toward freedom from fear? The concluding chapter will assess the record of action against gender violence in the cases visited, the promise and pitfalls of the pathways for reform, and the implications for women’s human rights campaigns. We will trace critical struggles for reproductive rights in global institutions, Ireland, Mexico, and a migrant family. This section will explore how the campaign to end violence against women can enhance all struggles for human dignity.
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Siegel, Jonah. Material Inspirations. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858003.001.0001.

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This book is a study of the relationship between matter and idea that shaped the nineteenth-century culture of art, and that in turn determined the course of still-current accounts of art’s nature and value. Drawing on recent scholarship on the history of art and its institutions, Material Inspirations places cultural developments such as the emergence of new sites for exhibition and the astonishing proliferation of printed reproductions alongside a wide range of texts including novels, poems, travel guidebooks, compendia of antiquities, and especially the great line of critical writing that emerged in the period. The study aims to vivify a dynamic era, too often seen as static and unchanging, by emphasizing the transformations taking place throughout the period in precisely those areas that have appeared to promise little more than repetition or continuity: collection, exhibition, and reproduction. The book culminates with the two great critics of the period, John Ruskin and Walter Pater, but it also includes close analysis of other prose writers, as well as poets and novelists ranging from William Blake to Robert Browning, George Eliot to Henry James. Significant developments addressed include the vogue for the representation of Old Masters in the first half of the century, ongoing innovations in the creation and diffusion of reproductions, and the emergence of the field of art history itself. At the heart of each of these the book identifies a material pressure shaping concepts, texts, and works of art.
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