Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Critical organs'
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Shubane, Nancy. "Black critical care nurses' perceptions of organ donation and organ transplantation." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10262009-185326/.
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Soh, Kim Lam. "Knowledge about nosocomial pneumonia prevention among critical care nurses in New Zealand a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Health Science, Auckland University of Technology, September 2003 /." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/SohK.pdf.
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Thesis (MHSc--Health Science) -- Auckland University of Technology, 2003.Appendix B not included in e-thesis. Also held in print (128 leaves, 30 cm.) in Akoranga Theses Collection. (T 610.7361 SOH)
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Reinhold, Emilie. "Le corps organisé, entre contrôle et débordement : Le cas des professions intellectuelles." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090059/document.
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Très peu d'études ont analysé comment le travail intellectuel affecte notre incorporation (embodiment). Mon cas, une intervention de danse dans une banque faisant participer les salariés, est une occasion inédite d'étudier les corps en action. Lors de leur travail avec les artistes, les salariés se tenaient sur un seuil, hésitant entre une attitude professionnelle ou plus personnelle. Des observations, des entretiens sur le corps et une analyse de leurs gestes s'appuyant sur des données visuelles (photographies, vidéo) donnent une description complète de leur incorporation dans cette situation de non-routine. Les corps restent souvent dans la retenue, la fermeture et la distance, mais certains d'entre eux s'ouvrent au jeu, proposant parfois des gestes rares, voire risqués. Mes résultats suggèrent que les frontières du corps sont plus instables qu'on ne le croit, l'expérimentation artistique étant un moyen de comprendre "ce que peut un corps" au travail. Le jeu corporel (embodied play) n'est pas seulement une expérience individuelle ; il est aussi un moyen de critiquer les normes corporelles existant au sein d'une organisation. Certaines manières de s'incarner proposent ainsi une sortie hors de l'organisation, ce qui se matérialise par une non-organisation du corpsAs only very few studies have investigated how intellectual (and hence mainly digital) work affects our embodiment, my case, a dance intervention in a bank involving employees, was a good way to study bodies in action. During their work with the artist, employees were standing on the boundary between work and leisure, hesitating between professional and personal embodiment. Observations, interviews and an analysis of their gestures relying on various visual data give a complete description of their embodiment process in this specific moment. On the one hand, bodies remain very constrained, distant and closed, but on the other hand, some employees open up to play, displaying rare and sometimes risky gestures. My findings suggest that the body’s boundaries are much more unstable than we think and that artistic experimentation is one way to understand what a body can do at work. Embodied play is not only an individual experience; it also has the potential to criticize dominating bodily norms existing in an organisation. Alternative embodiments thus propose a way out of organisation
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CONCEICAO, CAMILA DA SILVA. "CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PACKAGED ORGANIC FOOD LABELS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22976@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O Brasil encontra-se entre os maiores produtores de orgânicos do mundo e o desenvolvimento do mercado de alimentos orgânicos está diretamente relacionado à confiança dos consumidores quanto à origem dos produtos. Nesse contexto, as informações dos rótulos e o selo de garantia de produto orgânico facilitam o consumidor identificar os alimentos que estão em conformidade com os regulamentos e normas técnicas vigentes e criam ambiente de confiança em circuitos longos de comercialização para os mercados desses produtos. Considerando a relevância do tema e a escassez de pesquisas de campo sobre rotulagem de alimentos orgânicos, o objetivo da dissertação é analisar a situação da conformidade de rótulos de alimentos orgânicos embalados e comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro em relação à legislação aplicável, e propor recomendações para as entidades interessadas em uma melhor adequação da rotulagem desses produtos. A pesquisa de campo foi conduzida em 2012 e as amostras analisadas totalizaram 107 produtos, classificados segundo sete categorias, a saber: conservas e antepastos; confeitaria e chocolataria; bebidas; chás; laticínios; barras; e biscoitos e snacks. Os resultados quantitativos e qualitativos da conformidade (e da não-conformidade) da rotulagem das categorias selecionadas poderão ser utilizados por diversas entidades de interesse, como órgãos reguladores, órgãos de defesa do consumidor, organizações não-governamentais, fabricantes e seus fornecedores e consumidores de alimentos orgânicos embalados.
Brazil is among the largest producers of organic food and the development of organic food market is directly concerned to consumer confidence in relation to authenticity of the products. In this context, food labels and organic certification seals provide a wide range of valuable information to make healthier choices easier to consumers and also reliability in long circuits of organic food to market. Considering the importance of the topic and the lack of research with this focus, The objective of this dissertation is two-fold: (i) to analyze the state of compliance of packaged organic food labels commercialized in the city of Rio de Janeiro, focusing on the mandatory labeling information; and (ii) to propose recommendations for organizations interested in compliance of packaged organic food labeling to current Brazilian regulation concerning the selected food categories. The field research was conducted in 2012 and the samples analyzed totaled 107 products, classified into seven categories, as follows: canned and antepastos; confectionery and chocolates; beverages; teas; dairy products; biscuits and snacks; and cereal bars. The quantitative and qualitative results of compliance (and noncompliance) labeling of the selected categories can be used by several entities of interest such as regulators, consumer protection agencies, nongovernmental organizations, manufacturers and their suppliers and organic food consumers.
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Romero, Augustine Francis. "Towards a Critically Compassionate Intellectualism Model of Transformative Education: Love, Hope, Identity, and Organic Intellectualism Through the Convergence of Critical Race Theory, Critical Pedagogy, and Authentic Caring." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194496.
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This critical race qualitative research study examines the perspectives of Chicanas\os regarding their educational experiences. Critical race theory in education has been critical in the effort to bring a deeper understanding of the racism that is experienced in American schools by Chicanas\os and other children of color. This study examines the intersectionality of American education; the Chicana\o social, political and historical experiences; and racism.This study is informed by theoretical frames from the disciplines of critical race theory, Latino critical race theory and their educational implications, new racism, Chicana/o authentic caring, and critical pedagogy. These theories expose inequality and injustice that adhere in American schools, and they help me understand that Chicana/o students, their parents and their communities are constructors of knowledge and facilitators of critical transformation.The study triangulates qualitative data through two critical components: interviews and an archival evaluation of the academic impact of the Social Justice Education Project and its Critically Compassionate Intellectualism (CCI) model of transformative education. The interview component consists of one open-ended focus group interview and one open-ended interview. In the archival segment, I evaluate informal open-ended student interviews, end of the year progress reports, post-program surveys, and achievement and graduation data.These data indicate that racism remains a key variable within the educational experiences of Chicanas\os students in SUSD schools. Additional findings indicate that the student cohorts that participate in the Social Justice Education Project and experience the CCI model of transformative education have a higher AIMS pass rate and higher graduation rates than those students cohorts that do not experience both the Social Justice Education Project and its CCI model.Given these findings, the study proposes that educational leaders demonstrate the political will that is needed to discover and implement multiple forms of critical transformative educational praxis. In addition, the need for more research that centers the voices of students and that focuses on racism and the Chicana\o contemporary experience.
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Odorisio, Cathy. "The relationship between critical care nurses' knowledge and attitude toward organ procurement /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 1991. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/nursing/1991/thesis_nur_1991_odori_relat.pdf.
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Rigueros, Saavedra Glory. "Organic coffee and society in Chiapas, Mexico : a critical realist analysis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11885.
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Smith, Carol M. S. "Assessment of critical loads of acidity for selected U.K. upland organic soils." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU555089.
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The use of critical loads of acidity to quantify damage to sensitive components of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has developed rapidly over the last decade. While much work has focused on defining damage to forested ecosystems, surface waters and groundwaters, there has been little work done on defining critical loads of acidity for ombrotrophic and minerotrophic peat. This thesis presents a modelling approach to quantify damage to ombrotrophic peat ecosystems, since such damage can result in a decline in both surface water quality and the ability of peat to act as an absorbent to aerial pollutants. Initial investigations were concerned with the factors which could be included in investigations of critical loads of N and acidity to the surface organic horizons of forest and moorland soils. The modelling approach was then developed from a series of laboratory-based simulation experiments to investigate the effect of contents of H&'43 , Ca2&'43 and Mg2&'43 in rainfall upon the chemistry of the peat ion exchange complex. The basic tenet of the modelling approach was that ion exchange equilibria for peat is rapid, mineral input to the surface of ombrotrophic peat from mineral weathering is negligible and that atmospheric inputs of wet and dry deposition will dominate the peat chemistry. These simulation experiments provided peat pH values resulting from equilibration with the simulated rainfall. By combining these with databases of atmospheric depositon for the U.K., critical loads of acidity and the present day peat pH were calculated and mapped. The critical load values for peat thus obtained were incorporated in the U.K. Critical Load mapping program, which was used to support the on-going European negotiations of emission reduction within the United Nations Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (U.N. E.C.E. C.L.T.A.P.).
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Shimojo, Yoshiro. "Upper Critical Field of Low-Dimensional Organic Superconductors under Parallel Magnetic Fields." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149957.
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Van, Wyk Theodore Justin. "The Harmonische Seelenlust (1733) by G.F. Kauffmann (1679-1735) a critical study of his organ registration indications /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09152005-095735/.
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Livingston, Donald D. "A critical edition of the Sonate da chiesa for theorbo and organ of Giovanni Pittoni." Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7017.
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Master of MusicDepartment of Music
Craig B. Parker
The purpose of this edition of the Sonate da chiesa for theorbo and organ from the Intavolatura di tiorba, opera prima (1669) of Giovanni Pittoni is to make available a clear, modern notation of the theorbo part, which appears in the score in Italian lute tablature, and to place the works within their performance context. This edition enables a keyboardist to read the solo theorbo part to help keep the ensemble together and to help create a continuo realization. Under usual circumstances a continuo player can read the part of the soloist and can use it to instruct how to realize the accompaniment. With tablature, however, the keyboardist is at a disadvantage, since most – practically all – do not read tablature. The accompanying text reveals how the works were used and how the continuo is to be realized, and suggests answers to the problems associated with continuo realization for bass instruments in a solo role. This score is not intended to make the music more accessible to the soloist, since theorbists are already skilled at reading tablature. Additionally, recreating the tablature was unnecessary, since the original source (or facsimile) is easily read. In addition, errors have been identified, and possible answers and solutions are provided.
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Bleakley, Gregory Paul. "A grounded theory study exploring critical care staff experiences of approaching relatives for organ donation." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47611/.
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Aim of study: This grounded theory study explores critical care staff experiences of approaching relatives for organ donation following the death of a patient. Background: The research was influenced by a startling statistic that reported an average 1,000 patients die each year on the transplant waiting list because no suitable organ donor was identified. Additionally, transplant operations are impeded by a significant family refusal rate for organ donation. Some of the reasons are known why relatives/carers decline the option of organ donation. It is unclear how the experiences, perceptions and beliefs of critical care professionals influence organ donation decisions and outcomes. This study seeks to explore the professional experiences in greater detail, generating new knowledge and the development of a conceptual framework to support the practice of critical care staff during the organ donation process. Methods: A grounded theory methodology was used to help guide the research design and process. Specifically, constructivist grounded theory developed by Kathy Charmaz (2006) became the theoretical basis used to conduct the research. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Salford, NHS Blood and Transplant and the hospital trust where the study was conducted. Sampling was purposeful and data were extracted using a series of semi- structured in depth interviews with critical care professionals (6 registered nurses and 2 registered medical practitioners: N = 8). Interview data were transcribed line by line and analysed using grounded theory methods, with an iterative process encouraging the detection of links and themes in the data. Findings: Four theoretical categories were developed as a result of the data analysis process. The categories include ‘Secrecy’, relating to critical care staff concerns that the organ donation process is secretive, ‘Mutilation’, connected to the belief that the patient could be harmed following death, ‘Broaching’, concerned with critical care staff fear surrounding donation discussions and ‘Experiential Competence’ which encompasses critical care staff competence associated with organ donation. The core category entitled ‘Fear’ is presented, which leads to the development of a substantive theory. Additionally, a conceptual framework was developed, centred on the core category, which was constructed to increase the likelihood of positive donation outcomes. Conclusion: Having explored critical care staff experiences of organ donation following the death of a patient, the study concludes that ‘fear’ influences professional practice at each stage of the donation process. A number of recommendations for practice arise from the study findings. Equally, the study suggests areas for further research and post-doctoral inquiry.
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Jimenez, Castaneda Martha. "Critical role of organic matter in the natural attenuation of acid mine drainage." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/critical-role-of-organic-matter-in-the-natural-attenuation-of-acid-mine-drainage(627ee9e0-aa7c-4e59-a794-d2901e1dac48).html.
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The study of acid rock and mine (ARD and AMD) environments mainly focused on the mineralogical and microbiological conditions and responses of such systems. Most of the research that involved some organic viewpoint was related to the amelioration of the environmental conditions, sometimes with contradictory results. How organic matter (OM) participates and which organic fractions are involved in ARD and AMD processes remain unclear. In this work we have applied organic geochemistry tools combined with mineralogical ad molecular microbiology techniques to study of ARD and AMD environments. The main objectives were to identify and characterise the natural sources of OM occurring both at ARD and AMD sites, and to determine whether the OM sources identified are involved in the generation or amelioration of AMD/ARD. This study shows that multiple OM sources occur naturally in acid drainage environments, included plant derived material and mature, petroleum-derived hydrocarbons, originating from the source rocks, apparently have not directly influence on the processes. This suggests that the generation of ARD and AMD is a completely chemoautotrophic process. Particle size of the iron phases present at ARD sites seems to be involved in the iron bioavailability. The presence of goethite in ARD/AMD systems may have a relationship with the presence of OM. Stimulation of ARD sediments using plant derived OM, abundantly present in and around ARD and AMD ponds systems does not result in the neutralisation of ARD or AMD. This suggests that plant material is not used by Fe(III)-reducing bacteria. However, it fuels fermentation processes and it is likely that fermentation products such as acetate, detected in microcosms and in situ, could limit Fe(III)-reduction. In contrast, the stimulation of ARD sediments using manure (particularly sheep manure) raises the pH up to near neutral conditions. Although it remains unclear which OM fraction from the manure is actively involved in the neutralisation of ARD; these results suggest that manure may make an interesting and non-expensive electron donor in AMD/ARD treatments.
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Atkinson, Simon William. "Multiple organ failure and gastrointestinal function in the critically ill patient." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321545.
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Laurila, J. (Jouko). "Surgically treated acute acalculous cholecystitis in critically ill patients." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514280989.
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Abstract
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is an insidious and increasingly recognized complication of critical illness, whose pathogenesis is poorly understood and clinical picture obscure. Diagnosis is difficult and there is no consensus on treatment.
The medical records of all ICU patients who had undergone open cholecystectomy due to AAC during the years 2000–2001 and 2003–2004 were examined for clinical and organ failure data. The indication for open cholecystectomy was a suspicion of AAC based on clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis or deteriorating multiple organ dysfunction without other obvious foci and/or radiological (computed tomography or ultrasound) findings indicative of cholecystitis.
A total of 73 patients had operatively treated AAC during the study periods, giving an incidence of 0.9% of all admissions (73/8184) and an incidence of 6.7% among the long-stayers (ICUstay >5 days). The hospital mortality of these patients was 43%. Infection was the most common admission diagnosis followed by cardiovascular surgery. The patients were severely ill, the mean (SD) APACHE II score being 25.5 (6.4) and the mean (SD) SOFA score 10.2 (3.5) on admission. In those patients who had AAC as the only intra-abdominal complication of multiple organ dysfunction, cholecystectomy was followed by a remarkable improvement of individual and total SOFA scores by the seventh postoperative day.
The AAC gallbladders were histologically and immunohistologically compared to normal gallbladders and to gallbladders of patients with acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC). The ACC patients were admitted into hospital because of primary acute gallbladder disease, were treated on a normal ward and did not have severe sepsis or multiple organ dysfunction. The typical histopathological features of AAC (34 cases) in the gallbladder wall were bile infiltration, lymphatic dilatation and leucocyte margination of blood vessels, while epithelial degeneration and defects, widespread occurrence of inflammatory cells and extensive and deep muscle layer necrosis were typical features of ACC (28 cases).
Tight junction proteins (claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, occludin, ZO-1 and E-cadherin) were uniformly expressed in normal gallbladder epithelium, with the exception of claudin-2, which was present in less than half of the cells. In AAC, the expression of cytoplasmic occludin and claudin-1 was decreased compared to control group. In ACC, the expression of claudin-2 was increased, but the expression of claudin-1, -3 and -4, occludin and ZO-1 was decreased compared to normal or AAC gallbladders.
In conclusion, AAC is associated with severe illness, infection, long intensive care unit stay and deteriorating multiple organ dysfunction. Open cholecystectomy is one important contributing factor to reverse the course of multiple organ dysfunction in these patients. Histological and immunohistological studies suggest that AAC is a manifestation of systemic inflammatory disease, while ACC is a local inflammatory and often infectious disease.
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Schaenen, Inda Lynn. "Structure and flow toward an organic approach to critical multiliteracies in a writing workshop /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2010. http://etd.umsl.edu/r4481.
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Chang, Sheau-Miin. "Critical evaluation of strong organic fibers vis-a-vis mechanical performance in flexible structures." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8479.
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Khanfer, Abdulhamid M. "A critical evaluation of perceptions of drivers for organic food production in the UK." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2007. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19910/.
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This research was designed to evaluate and critically analyse organic food production in the UK. The main aims of this study were: 1) To investigate drivers and barriers for change from conventional to organic food for producers; for consumers; for supermarkets and small organic processors; 2) To quantity the impacts of interrelationships on organic farming growth and development; 3) To critically assess tensions between stakeholders. A mixed methods approach was applied in order to achieve these. This involved firstly an in-depth postal questionnaire survey (637 organic farmers) in different regions of England with selective follow-up telephone interviews. This was to assess drivers and barriers toward conversion and dealt solely with farmers that had gone through the process. Second, was a series of detailed personal interviews with representatives from major supermarket chains. Thirdly, interviews were conducted with the managers of five different types of alternative market outlets in South Yorkshire. Finally, information on consumer perspectives and issues was collected and interrogated from the extensive available literature. Representatives of the Soil Association were also contacted and interviewed. Mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) were used to gather pertinent information, and where appropriate this was tested statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The qualitative information was analysed and interpreted. Qualitative findings of (10 interviews) were transcribed, critically analysed, triangulated, and interpreted. The research highlighted key issues and suggested critical tensions that may affect the future development of organic farming in the UK. All stakeholders seemed aware of the value of positive interrelationships but there was divergence in the interpretation of this perhaps reflecting stakeholder interests. Local producers viewed the big retailers' practice of importation for guarantee of supply, of quality, and of low price as an obstacle. The representatives of the supermarkets made claims about their commitment to local producers, to UK organic farmers and to others that seem to be exaggerated and certainly at odds with the views of other stakeholders. There were issues raised about confusion in terminology and in quality marking or labelling. The wider public do not understand the differences between local, organic, seasonal, and conservation products for example. Again, seasonality was raised as a serious issue. Sales direct from producer to consumer, and through specialist alternative outlets help provide routes to consumers that miss the supermarkets' stranglehold. They also help build trust and to educate and inform the consumer. Some of these issues are noted as areas for further research. The study assessed and highlighted for the first time some interesting and exciting aspects of the interrelationships between key stakeholders. It also identified critical factors in terms of how these may influence the growth and development of organic farming.
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Briar, Shabeg Singh. "Nematodes as bioindicators of soil food web health in agroecosystems a critical analysis /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1173284523.
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Catanese, Alexander J. "Organic Web Design: Exploring Nature as Metaphor in Responsive Web Design." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492554405168728.
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Vázquez-Ortega, Angélica. "Coupled Transport, Fractionation and Stabilization of Dissolved Organic Matter and Rare Earth Elements in the Critical Zone." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301696.
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It is important to understand the processes that influence the critical zone (CZ) evolution to ensure its sustainability. This thesis reports on laboratory and field experiments designed to measure the behavior of biogenic and lithogenic chemical species and their interaction in the CZ from column to pedon to catchment scales. We postulated that interactions between organic matter and rock-derived metals drive coupled processes of carbon stabilization and chemical weathering and denudation in the Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory (JRB-CZO). First, we observed that secondary mineral coatings (Al and Fe (oxy)hydroxides) on primary silicate surfaces play a major role in sequestering aromatic and "humified" dissolved organic matter (DOM) into sorbate form, significantly retarding their subsurface transport. Further, reinfusion to OM-reacted-porous-media of a different DOM source resulted in exchange reactions consistent with a zonal model of OM adsorption at mineral surfaces. This dissertation also aimed to examine the influence of water and DOM fluxes on the CZ weathering processes. Rare earth elements (REE) were selected because of their coherent trends in reactivity toward organic ligands common to soils. Specifically, trends in REE fractionation were explored for their utility to inform on biogeochemical weathering processes in forested terrain in the JRB-CZO. Mineral weathering mechanisms are expected to differentially influence REE release, fractionation, and transport and the relative importance of such processes should be reflected in REE signatures of bulk soil, pore and surface waters. Our studies showed: (1) REE depletion trends with depth in bulk soils are correlated with topographically-induced variation in water and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux (reflected in negative correlations between total water and C fluxes) and solid phase REE concentrations measured at the same depths; (2) REE and DOC concentrations in stream waters were strongly correlated during snowmelt periods of high discharge, consistent with REE complexation and mobilization in association with organic ligands during shallow subsurface flow; (3) preferential sequestration of Eu occurs during formation of secondary Mn(IV)-oxides, explaining patterns of Eu enrichment in bulk soils; and (4) the incremental increase in positive Ce-anomalies with depth in bulk soils are apparently controlled by adsorption/co-precipitation with secondary Fe-(oxy)hydroxide minerals.
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Carravieri, Alice. "Seabirds as bioindicators of Southern Ocean ecosystems : concentrations of inorganic and organic contaminants, ecological explanation and critical evaluation." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS026/document.
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L’océan Austral est soumis à la redistribution globale des contaminants par les voies atmosphérique et océanique. Cependant, la contamination des écosystèmes austraux est très peu connue, en particulier dans le secteur Indien. De par leur toxicité, leur mobilité et leur capacité à se bioaccumuler dans les tissus des organismes et à se bioamplifier dans les réseaux trophiques, le mercure (Hg) et les polluants organiques persistants (POPs) comptent parmi les contaminants les plus préoccupants. Du fait de leur position élevée dans les réseaux trophiques, les oiseaux marins sont exposés à de grande quantités de contaminants par la voie alimentaire. En conséquence, ils sont souvent utilisés comme bioindicateurs de l’état de contamination des écosystèmes, par le biais des plumes et du sang, qui peuvent être échantillonnés de façon non destructive. Ma thèse s’est intéressée aux nombreuses espèces d’oiseaux marins (plus de 40) qui nichent au sein des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, au sud de l’Océan Indien, afin de décrire et expliquer les niveaux de contaminants le long d’un large gradient latitudinal, de l’Antarctique à la Zone Subtropicale, et d’identifier les meilleures espèces bioindicatrices pour un suivi à long terme de la contamination de ces écosystèmes. Au cours d’une première étape méthodologique, les manchots et les poussins de toutes les espèces ont été identifiés comme de bons bioindicateurs de contamination puisque, à la différence de la plupart des oiseaux adultes, ils présentent une faible variabilité des niveaux de contaminants dans les plumes. Au cours d’une seconde étape explicative, l’effet de facteurs intrinsèques (traits individuels) et extrinsèques (écologie alimentaire déduite grâce à la méthode des isotopes stables) sur les niveaux de contaminants a été évalué dans les plumes des oiseaux de la communauté de Kerguelen (27 espèces) et dans le sang du grand albatros de Crozet (180 individus dont les traits de vie sont connus). L’écologie alimentaire s’est avérée être le principal facteur explicatif des niveaux de contaminants, tandis que l’âge, le sexe, la phylogénie et le statut reproducteur jouent un rôle mineur. La classe d’âge est néanmoins un facteur à prendre en compte, puisque les poussins montrent souvent des concentrations inférieures aux adultes. Au cours d’une troisième étape, les variations spatio-temporelles de la contamination ont été étudiées en utilisant une sélection d’espèces bioindicatrices et en tenant compte de leur écologie alimentaire. Plusieurs résultats portant sur différentes espèces (oiseaux océaniques) et populations (poussins de skua) ont montré que, contrairement aux prédictions, l’exposition des oiseaux au Hg augmente graduellement des eaux antarctiques aux eaux subantarctiques puis aux subtropicales, alors que l’exposition aux POPs, en accord avec la théorie de la distillation globale, montre la tendance inverse. D’autre part, la comparaison des concentrations en Hg dans les plumes de manchot, effectuée entre des spécimens de musée et des échantillons actuels, indique que leur exposition au Hg n’a pas changée depuis les années 1950-1970. Toutefois, des espèces subantarctiques montrent une tendance à la hausse. De futures études devraient viser à l’utilisation des plumes comme tissu de référence pour l’évaluation et le suivi de la contamination des écosystèmes, en particulier en ce qui concerne les POPs. Parmi les nombreuses espèces étudiées au cours de ces travaux de thèse, les bioindicateurs les plus pertinents se révèlent être le manchot empereur et le pétrel des neiges (Antarctique), le manchot royal, le pétrel bleu et l’albatros à sourcil noirs (subantarctique), le gorfou sauteur subtropical et l’albatros à bec jaune (subtropical). Le suivi à long terme de ces espèces permettra d’évaluer l’évolution temporelle de l’état de contamination de l’océan AustralAntarctic and subantarctic marine environments are reached by inorganic and organic contaminants through ocean circulation and atmospheric transport. Yet, environmental contamination is poorly known in the Southern Ocean, in particular in the Indian sector. Among environmental contaminants, mercury (Hg) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are primarily of concern, because they are toxic, highly mobile, and they bioaccumulate in the tissues of living organisms and biomagnify up the food web. Seabirds, as upper predators, are exposed to large quantities of contaminants via food intake and have widely served as biomonitors of marine contamination, notably through the non-destructive sampling of their feathers and blood. My doctoral work has focussed on the abundant and diverse seabird species (more than 40) breeding in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, southern Indian Ocean, in order to describe and explain contaminant concentrations over a large latitudinal gradient, from Antarctica to the subtropics, and to identify the best bioindicator species for contaminant biomonitoring. In a first methodological step, seabirds with synchronous moult of body feathers (adult penguins and chicks of all species) were recognised as good candidates as bioindicators, because, unlike most adult birds, they present low within-individual variation in feather contaminant concentrations. In a second explanatory step, the influence of intrinsic (individual traits) and extrinsic factors (feeding ecology inferred from the stable isotope method) driving variation in contaminant concentrations was evaluated in feathers of the large avian community of the Kerguelen Islands (27 species) and in blood of wandering albatrosses from the Crozet Islands (180 birds of known individual traits). Feeding ecology was the main factor driving variation in contaminant concentrations of blood and feathers, both at the community, population and individual levels, whereas age, sex, phylogeny and breeding status played a minor role. Age-class was however an important intrinsic factor to consider, with chicks usually having lower concentrations than adults. In a third step, spatio-temporal patterns of contamination were studied through selected bioindicator species and by taking into account their feeding habits. Results from different species (oceanic seabirds) and populations (skua chicks) showed that, contrary to predictions, Hg exposure gradually increases from Antarctic to subantarctic and subtropical waters, whereas, in accordance with the global distillation theory, POPs exposure has the opposite pattern. Comparisons between penguin feathers from museum collections and contemporary samples showed that bird exposure to Hg is overall not different today when compared to 50-70 years ago, but subantarctic species are possibly experiencing an increasing trend. Future research efforts should be focussed on the use of feathers as biomonitoring tools, in particular for POPs determination. The best recommended bioindicator species include the emperor penguin and snow petrel (Antarctic), king penguin, blue petrel and black-browed albatross (subantarctic), and northern rockhopper penguin and Indian yellow-nosed albatross (subtropical). Future biomonitoring studies on these species will give invaluable insights into the poorly-known temporal trends of environmental contamination in the Southern Ocean
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Mash, Heath. "A critical analysis of analytical procedures for the study of Copper in the presence of Natural Organic Ligands /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488204276534527.
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Amisi, Karen Janila. "Strategies for managing weeds in a wheat, red clover, vegetable crop rotation transitioning to organic production." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1104246323.
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Benk, Simon [Verfasser], Georg [Gutachter] Pohnert, and Gerd [Gutachter] Gleixner. "Towards a data-driven understanding of dissolved organic matter in the critical zone / Simon Benk ; Gutachter: Georg Pohnert, Gerd Gleixner." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234059223/34.
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Kokot-Helbling, Karin Susanne. "Critical kinetic aspects of lipophilic compounds : I. Volatile organic compounds as food contaminants : II. Musk xylene in humans and laboratory animals /." Zürich, 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11152.
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Wolford, Jane N. "Architectural contextualism in the twentieth century, with particular reference to the architects E. Fay Jones and John Carl Warnecke." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7082.
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A study of the importance, elements and techniques of architectural contextualism. Contextual architecture is here defined as architecture that creates relationships with its specific site or its broader physical or visual environment. This study posits the comprehensive definition of architectural contextualism on multiple levels: denotatively, connotatively, historically, philosophically, and in its aspects of critical regionalism. American architects adept at the practice of architectural contextualism during the mid-twentieth century offer principles and techniques. These architects are John Carl Warnecke, E. Fay Jones, and George White and others. This research has yielded the systematic, comprehensive definition of contextualism, a set of metrics which can be used as a basis of design and aid in the evaluation of the degree to which a building or set of buildings and their landscape are contextually congruent.
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Mayoral, Helen. "Particle Size, Critical Shear Stress, and Benthic Invertebrate Distribution and Abundance in a Gravel-bed River of the Southern Appalachians." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/31.
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To determine the relationship between the abundance and density of benthic invertebrates, and the critical shear stress of individual grain sizes, a reach along Smith Creek, was divided into ten 2m x 2m quadrants. Within each quadrant, five randomly selected clasts for each grain size ranging from 2.26 to 25.6 cm were cleaned for benthic invertebrates. Wolman pebble counts for each quadrant were also conducted and used to determine the critical Shields stress per grain size fraction from the model given by Wiberg and Smith (1987) that explicitly accounts for particle hiding/sheltering effects in mixed-bed rivers. Particle entrainment values were then compared with estimated bankfull Shields stress values to determine sediment transport potential during bankfull flow. Invertebrate abundance was strongly positively correlated with critical Shields stress up to the 18.0 cm grain size, indicating a preference for certain grain sizes; while density was positively correlated with all grain sizes present.
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Sylla, Ibrahima. "high loaded anaerobic mesophilic digestion of sewage sludge : An evaluation of the critical organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time for the anaerobic digestion process at Käppala Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-52406.
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Käppala wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has, during a few years, observed an increase in organic loading rate (OLR) in the mesophilic anaerobic digester R100, due to an increased load to the WWTP. The digestion of primary sludge at Käppala WWTP is today high loaded, with a high organic loading rate (OLR) and low hydraulic retention time (HRT). This study aims to evaluate the effect of the maximum OLR and the minimum HRT for the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge and to investigate further actions that can be taken into consideration in case of process problems in the digestion. The study consists of (a) a practical laboratory experiment of 6 pilot-scale reactors to investigate how the process stability is affected when the OLR increases and the HRT decreases. (b) A mass balance calculation based on the energy potential in the feeding sludge and the digested sludge. (c) A study of the filterability of the digested sludge. (d) The construction of a forecasting model in Excel, to predict when digester R100 will reach its maximum OLR and minimum HRT. The result of the study shows that the maximum OLR for Käppala conditions is 4.9 g VS dm-3 d-1, meaning that R100 will reach its maximum organic load around the year 2031. An OLR of 4.5-4.9 and an HRT of 12 days is optimal for R100, according to the present study. Keeping the anaerobic digestion process in balance is vital when it comes to the outcome of energy in the anaerobic digestion process. Pushing the process to produce more gas can become counterproductive since a high OLR can lead to process imbalance, which in turn leads to low biogas production. Imbalance in the digestion process can occur fast; therefore, the margin for overload in the anaerobic digestion process must be significant. The methane concentration in the converted biogas and the pH level in the reactor are the best stability parameters for the conditions at Käppala. Ammonia is the less efficient stability parameter since it did not predict or detect any instability during the experimental process. Furthermore, the OLR and HRT have a significant impact on the needed quantity for dewatering polymer. The higher digestion of organic material in the sludge, the bigger the need for the polymer to take care of the rest material.
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Gärdeklint, Sylla Ibrahima Sory. "HIGH LOADED ANAEROBIC MESOPHILIC DIGESTION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE : An evaluation of the critical organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time for the anaerobic digestion process at Käppala Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-52283.
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Käppala wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has, during a few years, observed an increase in organic loading rate (OLR) in the mesophilic anaerobic digester R100, due to an increased load to the WWTP. The digestion of primary sludge at Käppala WWTP is today high loaded, with a high organic loading rate (OLR) and low hydraulic retention time (HRT). This study aims to evaluate the effect of the maximum OLR and the minimum HRT for the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge and to investigate further actions that can be taken into consideration in case of process problems in the digestion. The study consists of (a) a practical laboratory experiment of 6 pilot-scale reactors to investigate how the process stability is affected when the OLR increases and the HRT decreases. (b) A mass balance calculation based on the energy potential in the feeding sludge and the digested sludge. (c) A study of the filterability of the digested sludge. (d) The construction of a forecasting model in Excel, to predict when digester R100 will reach its maximum OLR and minimum HRT. The result of the study shows that the maximum OLR for Käppala conditions is 4.9 g VS dm-3 d-1, meaning that R100 will reach its maximum organic load around the year 2031. An OLR of 4.5-4.9 and an HRT of 12 days is optimal for R100, according to the present study. Keeping the anaerobic digestion process in balance is vital when it comes to the outcome of energy in the anaerobic digestion process. Pushing the process to produce more gas can become counterproductive since a high OLR can lead to process imbalance, which in turn leads to low biogas production. Imbalance in the digestion process can occur fast; therefore, the margin for overload in the anaerobic digestion process must be significant. The methane concentration in the converted biogas and the pH level in the reactor are the best stability parameters for the conditions at Käppala. Ammonia is the less efficient stability parameter since it did not predict or detect any instability during the experimental process. Furthermore, the OLR and HRT have a significant impact on the needed quantity for dewatering polymer. The higher digestion of organic material in the sludge, the bigger the need for the polymer to take care of the rest material.
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Li, Liang. "Experimental and theoretical investigation of CO2 trans-critical power cycles and R245fa organic Rankine cycles for low-grade heat to power energy conversion." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14766.
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Globally, there are vast amounts of low-grade heat sources from industrial waste and renewables that can be converted into electricity through advanced thermodynamic power cycles and appropriate working fluids. In this thesis, experimental research was conducted to investigate the performance of a small-scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system under different operating conditions. The experimental setup consisted of typical ORC system components, such as a turboexpander with a high speed generator, a scroll expander, a finned-tube condenser, an ORC pump, a plate evaporator and a shell and tube evaporator. R245fa was selected as the working fluid, on account of its appropriate thermophysical properties for the ORC system and its low ozone depletion potential (ODP). The test rig was fully instrumented and extensive experiments carried out to examine the influences of several important parameters, including heat source temperature, ORC pump speed, heat sink flow velocity, different evaporators and with or without a recuperator on overall R245fa ORC performances. In addition, in terms of the working fluid’s environmental impact, temperature match of the cycle heat processes and system compactness, CO2 transcritical power cycles (T-CO2) were deemed more applicable for converting low-grade heat to power. However, the system thermal efficiency of T-CO2 requires further improvement. Subsequently, a test rig of a small-scale power generation system with T-CO2 power cycles was developed with essential components connected; these included a plate CO2 supercritical heater, a CO2 transcritical turbine, a plate recuperator, an air-cooled finned-tube CO2 condenser and a CO2 liquid pump. Various preliminary test results from the system measurements are demonstrated in this thesis. At the end, a theoretical study was conducted to investigate and compare the performance of T-CO2 and R245fa ORCs using low-grade thermal energy to produce useful shaft or electrical power. The thermodynamic models of both cycles were developed and applied to calculate and compare the cycle thermal and exergy efficiencies at different operating conditions and control strategies. In this thesis, the main results showed that the thermal efficiency of the tested ORC system could be improved with an increased heat source temperature in the system with or without recuperator. When the heat source temperature increased from 145 oC to 155 oC for the system without recuperator, the percentage increase rates of turbine power output and system thermal efficiency were 13.6% and 14% respectively while when the temperature increased from 154 oC to 166 oC for the system with recuperator, the percentage increase rates were 31.2% and 61.97% respectively. In addition, the ORC with recuperator required a relative higher heat source temperature, which is comparable to a system without recuperator. On the other hand, at constant heat source temperatures, the working fluid pump speed could be optimised to maximise system thermal efficiency for ORC both with and without recuperator. The pressure ratio is a key factor impacting the efficiencies and power generation of the turbine and scroll expander. Maximum electrical power outputs of 1556.24W and 750W of the scroll expander and turbine were observed at pressure ratio points of 3.3 and 2.57 respectively. For the T-CO2 system, the main results showing that the CO2 mass flow rate could be directly controlled by varying the CO2 liquid pump speeds. The CO2 pressures at the turbine inlet and outlet and turbine power generation all increased with higher CO2 mass flow rates. When CO2 mass flow rate increased from 0.2 kg/s to 0.26kg/s, the maximum percentage increase rates of measured turbine power generation was 116.9%. However, the heat source flow rate was found to have almost negligible impact on system performance. When the thermal oil flow rate increased from 0.364kg/s to 0.463kg/s, the maximum percentage increase rate of measured turbine power generation was only 14.8%. For the thermodynamic analysis, with the same operating conditions and heat transfer assumptions, the thermal and exergy efficiencies of R245fa ORCs are both slightly higher than those of T-CO2. However, the efficiencies of both cycles can be enhanced by installing a recuperator at under specific operating conditions. The experiment and simulation results can thus inform further design and operation optimisations of both the systems and their components.
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Bate, Bate. "Engineering behavior of fine-grained soils modified with a controlled organic phase." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39627.
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Organic materials are ubiquitous in the geologic environment, and can exert significant influence over the interfacial properties of minerals. However, due to the complexity in their structure and interaction with soil solids, their impact has remained relatively unquantified. This study investigated the engineering behaviors of organoclays, which were synthesized in the laboratory using naturally occurring clay minerals and quaternary ammonium compounds of controlled structure and density of loading. Organic cations were chosen to study the effects of functional group structure and size.
The laboratory investigation showed that the presence of the organic cations on the mineral surfaces led to increased hydrophobicity of all clays tested. Conduction studies on the electrical, hydraulic, and thermal properties of the organoclay composites suggested that increasing the total organic carbon content resulted in decreased electrical and thermal conductivity, but increased hydraulic conductivity, due to the reduced swelling of the base clay mineral phase. Electrokinetic properties of the organoclays illustrated that compared with the clay's naturally occurring inorganic cations, exchanged quaternary ammonium cations were more likely bound within a particle's shear plane. Consequently, organoclays had less negative zeta potential than that of unmodified bentonite. Increasing the length of one carbon tail was more effective at binding organic cations within the shear plane than increasing the size of the cation, when compared on the basis of total organic carbon content.
In terms of large strain strength, the modified organic clays exhibited increased shear strength, in part owing to the reduction in water content caused by the presence of the hydrophobic organic layering. Shear strength increased with single carbon tail length or with cation size, although the latter effect tended to reach a plateau as the length of the four short cation tails increased from 2 to 4. In terms of small strain behavior, the shear modulus was shown to be a function of the total organic carbon content. It is believed that number of particle contacts increased as the organic carbon content increased. Stiffness increased as either the size of the cation or the total organic carbon content was increased. Damping also increased as the organic loading was increased, with the organic phase acting as an energy dissipation mechanism.
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Hoffmann, Helene [Verfasser], and Ingeborg [Akademischer Betreuer] Levin. "Micro radiocarbon dating of the particulate organic carbon fraction in Alpine glacier ice: method refinement, critical evaluation and dating applications / Helene Margarethe Hoffmann ; Betreuer: Ingeborg Levin." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180611837/34.
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Klein, Alana Carina. "Estudo da influência do solvente orgânico e do fluxo de injeção no controle de tamanho de nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico preparadas através do método de deslocamento de solvente." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143554.
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O fluxo de injeção e o solvente orgânico, utilizado no preparo de nanoesferas poliméricas, são parâmetros experimentais que controlam o diâmetro e a distribuição de diâmetro das nanopartículas, formadas pelo processo conhecido como nucleação. Considerando as nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico, formadas pelo processo de auto-organização, estes parâmetros experimentais ainda não foram explorados. Assim, esse trabalho propõe avaliar o fluxo de injeção e o solvente orgânico na preparação destas suspensões aquosas, caracterizando físicoquimicamente estes sistemas. Para variação de fluxo de injeção, utilizou-se uma bomba peristáltica, sendo possível a avaliação dos seguintes fluxos: 5, 8, 12, 15, 21 e 38 mL min¯¹. O diâmetro das nanocápsulas diminuiu de 256±9 nm a 127 ±8 nm pela técnica de difração de laser e 220±9 nm a 124±13 nm, segundo a técnica de espectroscopia de correlação de fótons. Os solventes orgânicos avaliados foram a acetona, acetonitrila e 1,4-Dioxano. Observou-se que a acetonitrila se mostrou adequada para a condição previamente otimizada com acetona, ao passo que o 1,4-Dioxano apresentou um pico micrométrico em sua distribuição. Assim, foi possível modelar este estudo através de um fatorial de design 2², onde têm-se dois fatores, fluxo de injeção e solvente orgânico, em dois níveis, nos fluxos de 5 e 38 mL min¯¹ e considerando os solventes acetona e acetonitrila. Como resultado, viu-se que o fluxo de injeção é o parâmetro de maior influência na preparação destas suspensões aquosas, se comparado ao solvente orgânico selecionado. Para elucidar o papel do solvente orgânico na preparação destes sistemas, calculouse os parâmetros de solubilidade e os coeficientes de difusão solvente orgânico\água e água\solvente orgânico para os três pares avaliados neste trabalho. Viu-se que os parâmetros de solubilidade e os coeficientes de difusão solvente orgânico\água explicam a não variação do diâmetro de partícula em função do solvente orgânico. Ainda, realizou-se um estudo de viscosidade, em função do log [PCL], para fases orgânicas preparadas com acetonitrila e 1,4- dioxano. Obteve-se o valor de 2,30 mg mL¯¹ para a concentração de agregação crítica quando utilizado o 1,4-Dioxano e 10,47 mg mL¯¹ para a fase orgânica preparada com acetonitrila. Então, pode-se dizer que este valor elevado encontrado para a acetonitrila é uma vantagem de sua utilização, uma vez que as características nanoscópicas são mantidas e um maior número de partículas pode ser formado.Flow rate and organic solvent, used to prepare polimeric nanospheres, are experimental parameters that control the size and the size distribution curves of these nanoparticles, formed by particle nucleation. Considering the lipid core nanocapsules, formed by self-assembled process, these experimental parameters are not evaluated yet. Considering those, this work proposes to evaluate the flow rate and the organic solvent in the preparation of these aqueous suspensions, characterizing them physicochemically. To change the flow rate, it was used a peristaltic pump, it being possible to evaluate the following flows: 5, 12, 15, 21 and 38 mL min‾¹. The nanocapsules diameters decreased from 256±9 nm to 127 ±8 nm, by laser difratometry and 220±9 nm to 124±13 nm, by the photon correlation spectroscopy technique. The organic solvents evaluated were acetone, acetonitrle and 1,4-dioxane. It was observed that the acetonitrile was adequate for the condition previously optimized with acetone, whereas in the 1,4-dioxane distribution apears a micrometric peak. So, it was possible to modelate this study by a 2² factorial design, two factors, flow rate and organic solvent, in two levels, 5 and 38 mL min‾¹, considering acetone and acetonitrile. As a result, it was seen that the flow rate is the most influential parameter in the preparation of aqueous suspensions, compared to organic solvent selected. To elucidate the role of organic solvent in these systems, it was calculated the solubility parameter and the diffusion coefficients organic solvent/water and water/organic solvent to the three pairs evaluated in this work. It was seen that the solubility parameter and diffusion coefficient organic solvent/water explain the same diameter of the nanocapsules, even the change on the organic solvent. Even so, it was done a viscosity study, as a function of log [PCL], to organic phases prepared with acetonitrile and 1,4-dioxane. It was obtained a value of 2,30 mg mL‾¹ to the critical aggregation concentration to the 1,4-dioxane solvent, and the value of 10,47 mg mL‾¹ to the acetonitrile solvent. So, it can be said that this high value found for acetonitrile is an advantage in its use, since the nanoscopic characteristics are maintained and a larger number of nanoparticles can be formed.
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Sipola, S. (Seija). "Colectomy in an ICU patient population:clinical and histological evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526203706.
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Abstract Colectomy is performed in critically-ill patients who, for example, experience colonic ischemia following cardiac surgery or reconstruction of a ruptured aortic aneurysm, nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia with severe sepsis, or toxic megacolon due to Clostridium difficile infection. The present retrospective study was conducted in the mixed intensive care unit (ICU) of the Oulu University Hospital to clarify the clinical picture, effects of surgical treatment on organ functions and outcome in critically-ill patients treated with colectomy during 2000-2009. Their histologic and immunohistologic findings were compared with histologically normal colon walls of 34 controls operated for colon tumors. The annual incidence of colectomy in our ICU varied from 0.08% to 0.4%. The mean age of the study patients was 68.8 (sd 9.7) yrs. They had multiple organ failure in 60% and one-year mortality was 62%. One-year surivial from the hospital discharged patients was 91% (29/32). During preoperative period, increasing levels of serum lactate, an increase in the need for higher doses of norepinephrine, and neurologic SOFA subscore were associated with mortality. The histopathologic damage involves all layers of the colon wall being largely similar in sepsis, fulminant clostridium difficile infection and in ischemia after cardiovascular operations. The extent of epithelial damage of colonic epithelium correlated with clinical severity and outcome in the patients. Tight junction protein claudin-1 was down-regulated thoroughly of colonic epithelium, whereas claudin-2 was up-regulated only in the least affected areas. The number of proliferating epithelial cells of colonic epithelium, analyzed by Ki-67 expression, was higher in the worst affected areas in the study patients as compared to results of controls. The proportion of apoptotic cells analyzed by expression of M30 was larger in the worst damage area than in controls. Up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 9, as a part of innate immunity mechanism, in worst areas of colonic epithelium was higher in the surface epithelium compared with least affected areas and in crypts compared with control specimens. Colon ischemia in critically-ill patients is a pancolic phenomenon with life-threatening consequences. Histologic damage in the colon wall was similar irrespective of the underlying cause. Immunohistochemical characteristics resembled those described earlier in inflammatory bowel diseaseTiivistelmä Leikkaukseen johtavaa tehohoitopotilaan koliittia esiintyy esimerkiksi sydän- ja verisuonileikkauksen jälkeen, yleistyneessä tulehdusreaktiossa sekä Clostridium difficile- infektiossa. Takautuvasti kerätyn tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää vuosina 2000–2009 Oulun Yliopistollisen sairaalan päivystysteho-osastolla hoidettujen potilaiden koliitin kliininen taudinkuva, kirurgisen hoidon vaikutus elinvaurioihin, ennuste ja histologiset ja immunohistologiset löydökset. Leikkauksella hoidettujen potilaiden histopatologisia ja immunohistologisia tutkimustuloksia verrattiin 34:ään histologisesti normaaliin suolinäytteeseen, jotka oli otettu paksusuolisyövän vuoksi tehdyissä leikkauksissa. Päivystysteho-osaston vuosittainen tehohoitopotilaan koliitin esiintyvyyden vaihteluväli oli 0.08 %–0.4 %. Tutkimuspotilaiden keski-ikä oli 68.8 (sd 9.7) vuotta. 60 %:lla heistä todettiin monielinvaurio, ja 62 % heistä menehtyi ensimmäisen vuoden aikana. Sairaalasta kotiutetuista potilaista 91 % oli elossa vuoden kuluttua. Leikkausta edeltävä kohonnut valtimoveren laktaattipitoisuus, verenpainetta tukeva noradrenaliinitarpeen nousu sekä neurologisen toimintakyvyn heikkeneminen olivat yhteydessä potilaiden kuolleisuuteen. Histopatologiset muutokset ulottuivat kaikkiin paksunsuolen kerroksiin ja olivat samankaltaisia eri koliiteissa. Epiteelivaurion laajuus oli yhteydessä potilaiden kliiniseen taudinkulkuun ja ennusteeseen. Immunohistologisissa tutkimuksissa paksusuolen epiteelin klaudiini-1:n esiintyminen oli alentunut, kun taas klaudiini-2:sta oli runsaammin vähemmän vaurioituneella alueella. Vaikeimmin vaurioituneilla suolen alueilla solujen uudistumista kuvaavan merkkiaineen, Ki-67:n, määrä oli suurempi kuin kontrollipotilaiden värjäyksissä. Samanlainen ero vaikeimmin vaurioituneiden alueiden ja kontrollinäytteiden välillä todettiin myös M30-värjäyksen perusteella apoptoosin osalta. Välittömään puolustusmekanismiin kuuluvan Tollin kaltaisen reseptori (TLR) 9:n värjäytyvyys oli vaikeimmin vaurioituneilla epiteelialueilla voimakkaampi kuin vähemmän vaurioituneella alueella. Myös kryptan alueella oli enemmän TLR 9 värjäytyvyyttä kuin kontrollinäytteissä. Tehohoitopotilaan koliittia esiintyy koko paksusuolen alueella. Histopatologiset muutokset ovat samankaltaisia eri tautitilojen aiheuttamissa koliiteissa. Immunohistokemialliset tutkimuslöydökset vastaavat aikaisemmin tulehduksellisten suolistosairauksien yhteydessä kuvattuja muutoksia
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Souza, Sergio Izidoro de. "História da natureza em Kant." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-05072012-162843/.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a concepção de História da Natureza que Kant desenvolve em ensaios pequenos publicados entre 1775 e 1788. Para isso, nós expomos a teoria kantiana de ciência, primeiramente, de um ponto de vista tipológico geral e, posteriormente, de um ponto de vista específico, isto é, inicialmente apresentamos os tipos de ciência (as genuínas e as não genuínas), e depois nos aprofundamos na ciência genuína (matemática e física). No segundo capítulo, apresentamos os esquemas gerais da história da natureza, que são: ciência das origens e separada; a ideia de adaptação das espécies e o fixismo; os germes e disposições; as influências de Buffon, Maupertuis e Stahl. No último capítulo, tratamos de desenvolver as características mais importantes da teleologia empregue no julgamento dos organismos.The aim of this research is to investigate Kants idea of History of Nature developed in minor essays publicated between 1775 and 1788. For this, we expound the Kantian theory of science, firstly in a general typological point of view, that is, we show the types of sciences (genuine or not genuine). Secondly in a specific point of view, we study the genuine science (mathematics and physics). Then we investigate the general schemes of history of nature, that is, the idea of species adaptation and the fixism; germs and dispositions; influences of Buffon, Maupertuis and Stahl. In the last chapter we focus on the most important characteristics of teleology used in organisms judgement.
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Gebrim, Fabrício de Oliveira. "Lixiviação de fósforo, bases, ânions inorgânicos e ácidos orgânicos em solos tratados com camas de aviário." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2006. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5548.
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Previous issue date: 2006-05-10Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The use of animal dejects in Brazilian agriculture is increasing in recent years due to the expansion of animal farms impelled by exportation of meat to international markets. Bird housing is amongst those activities that have experienced the largest growth. The litter generated in this activity used to be largely employed to feed cows. However, the enactment of a law that prohibited the use of poultry litter as animal feeds intensified its use as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Despite its importance, there are gaps in our knowledge regarding its adequate use in order to obtain high plant yields without threatening the environment. The present work aimed at evaluating the leaching of P, Ca, Mg, K and Na on columns of soils fertilized with poultry litter. There were two experiments. In the first experiment each column was constituted by five PVC rings with 5 cm diameter and 10 cm height bound to each other with adhesive, and with an impermeable interior. The columns were filled with two soil types: a clayey Red-Yellow Latosol and a sandy loam Red-Yellow Latosol. The soils had previously received four doses of P as KH2PO4 in order to achieve 0, 12.5, 25.0 and 50% of the maximum P adsorption capacity (CMAP). The P source was homogenized with the whole soil volume and incubated for 60 days. After this period the soils were accommodated in the columns and five poultry litter rates equivalent to 0, 20, 40, 80, and 160 t ha-1 (dry weight basis) were mixed with the soil of the top ring. Five poultry litter rates were applied on the top of the column. Treatments consisted of a 4 x 5 x 2 factorial scheme corresponding to four levels of CMAP saturation, five poultry litter doses and two soils, with three replications, and arranged in a complete randomized block design. The columns were submitted to 10 percolations of deionized water in a 35 day period in order to simulate a 1.200 mm rainfall. In the percolated water it was determined inorganic P (reactive P, Pi) and organic P forms (unreactive P, Po). In the eighth percolation water, total P was fractionated in dissolved P (fraction that passed a 0.45 µm filter) and particulate P (retained in the 0.45 µm filter). At the end of the experiment, the columns were disassembled and P in the soil of each ring was extracted with Mehlich-1 (HCl 0.05 mol L-1 and H2SO4 0.0125 mol L-1) and Olsen (NaHCO3 0.5 mol L-1, pH 8.5) extractors. For the Olsen soil extracts it was measured the Pi and Po fractions. It was found that increasing the poultry litter dose led to losses of unreactive P (Po) 6.4 times greater than that of reactive P (Pi). Both the previous P fertilization and increasing poultry litter doses caused the vertical movement of P in the soil columns, which reflected in P concentrations in Mehlich 1 and Olsen extracts. The environmental critical level (NCA), the concentration of P in the soil above which the leaching of P increases exponentially, was around 100 and 150 mg dm-3 by Mehlich 1 and 40 and 60 mg dm-3 by Olsen, for the sandy loam and clayey soils, respectively. In highly weathered soils the accumulation of residual P along the cultivations there can be significant P leaching through the profile, especially when they are fertilized with poultry litter. In the second experiment it was evaluated the effect of poultry litter on Ca, Mg and K leaching and its relationship with inorganic and low molecular mass organic anions. Samples of two Oxisols (a clayey and a sandy loam Red-Yellow Latosol) were accommodated in PVC columns similar to those used in experiment 1. Five types of poultry litters (coffee peels, ground corn cob, rice husk, napier grass and wood shavings) were homogenously applied to the soil of the top ring in a dose equivalent to 160 t ha-1 (dry weight basis). There also was a control treatment with no poultry litter application. The treatments consisted of a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five poultry litter types and two soil with distinct textures, with five replications, arranged in a complete randomized block design. Twice a week the columns received 10 applications of deionized water twice a week in a total volume corresponding to a rainfall equivalent to 1.200 mm. The leachates were analyzed for cations such as Ca, Mg, K and Na, and for anions such as Cl-, NO3 -and SO4 2- and low molecular mass organic acids by ion chromatography. The results indicate that there was great leaching of bases through the soil columns, particularly up to the third percolation. This fact was probably a result of the high dose of poultry litter and the presence of accompanying anions: Cl-, NO3 - and SO4 2- in the sandy loam soil and Cl- and NO3- in the soil clayey soil. Much less expressive was the complexing effect of organic acid ligands. The effect of acetic acid favoring the leaching of bases probably was a result of its action as an accompanying anion.
A utilização de dejetos de animais na agricultura cresce de maneira significativa a cada ano, devido, principalmente, à expansão da criação intensiva de animais, impulsionada pelo aumento das exportações. Com o decreto lei que proíbe a utilização dos dejetos de aves na alimentação animal, intensificou-se ainda mais o seu uso na agricultura. Porém, há ainda uma lacuna quanto à informação científica sobre o uso desses dejetos, em razão de se não saber o quanto deste material pode ser utilizado de modo a ter uma agricultura menos agressiva ao ambiente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a lixiviação de formas de P e de Ca, Mg, K e Na, em colunas de solos fertilizados com camas de aviário. Em um experimento verificaram-se as perdas por lixiviação de formas de P em solos, constituídos por cinco anéis sobrepostos, com 5 cm de diâmetro e 10 cm de altura cada um, submetidas a fluxos de percolação de água. Foram utilizadas amostras de dois Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos texturas argilosa e média. Os solos receberam, previamente, quatro doses de P na forma de KH2PO4, correspondentes a 0; 12,5; 25 e 50 % da capacidade máxima de adsorção de P (CMAP), homogeneizadas com todo o volume de solo das colunas e deixados em incubação por 60 dias. No anel superior, aplicou-se, homogeneamente, cama de aviário nas doses equivalentes a 0, 20, 40, 80, e 160 t ha-1 com base no peso do material seco. Os tratamentos foram estabelecidos segundo o esquema fatorial: quatro níveis da CMAP x cinco doses de cama de aviário x dois solos, com três repetições, dispostas em blocos casualizados. As colunas foram submetidas a 10 percolações com água deionizada, em duas aplicações semanais, durante 35 dias, de modo a atingir um volume correspondente a 1.200 mm de chuvas. Nos percolados foram determinados: a forma inorgânica de P (P reativo, Pi) a forma orgânica de P (P não-reativo, Po). Na oitava percolação, foram também determinados: P dissolvido total (percolado que passou em filtro com diâmetro de poros de 0,45 µm) e P particulado total (retido no filtro de 0,45 µm). No final do experimento, o P no solo de cada anel foi extraído pelos extratores Mehlich-1 (HCl 0,05 mol L-1 e H2SO4 0,0125 mol L-1) e Olsen (NaHCO3 0,5 mol L-1, pH 8,5), sendo determinadas, para este ultimo extrator, as formas Pi e Po. Com o aumento da dose de cama de aviário, as perdas de P por percolação foram, em média, 6,4 vezes maiores na forma de P não-reativo (Po) que na P-reativo (Pi). Tanto a fertilização mineral prévia com P como a aplicação de doses crescentes de cama de aviário causaram a descida de P nas colunas de solo, extraído tanto pelo Mehlich-1 e pelo NaHCO3 (Olsen). O nível crítico ambiental (NCA), teor de P disponível no solo acima do qual a percolação de Preativo aumenta exponencialmente, foi em torno de 100 e 150 mg dm-3 para o Mehlich-1 e 40 e 60 mg dm-3 para o Olsen, para os solos, textura média e argilosa, respectivamente. Em condições de solos intemperizados, com acúmulo de P residual ao longo dos cultivos, as perdas de P por lixiviação no perfil podem ser significativas, de modo particular quando recebem cama de aviário. Em um segundo experimento verificou-se o efeito da aplicação de cama de aviário na lixiviação de Ca, Mg, K e Na em solos e sua associação com ânions inorgânicos e ácidos orgânicos com baixa massa molecular. Amostras de dois Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos, um textura média e outro argilosa, foram colocados em colunas de PVC semelhantes àquelas utilizadas no experimento anterior. O solo no anel superior recebeu, homogeneamente, uma dose de cinco camas de aviário, correspondente a 160 t ha-1, base material seco, comparativamente à testemunha (sem cama de aviário). Os tratamentos foram definidos segundo o fatorial 5 x 2, com cinco camas e dois solos, em três repetições dispostas em blocos casualizados. As colunas foram submetidas a 10 percolações com água deionizada, duas vezes por semana, até atingir o volume de água correspondente a 1.200 mm de chuvas. Nos lixiviados foram analisadas as concentrações de Ca, Mg, K e Na, dos ânions Cl-, NO3- e SO4 2- e de ácidos orgânicos de baixa massa molecular. Houve grande lixiviação de bases metálicas nas colunas, de modo geral até a terceira percolação. Este fato foi causado pela adição dessas bases, em doses elevadas, pelas camas de aviário e, também, aparentemente, pelo efeito de ânions acompanhantes: Cl-, NO3- e SO4 2- no solo textura média e Cl-, NO3- no solo textura argilosa e, de maneira muito menos expressiva, pelo efeito complexante das bases por ácidos orgânicos de baixa massa molecular. O efeito de lixiviação do ácido acético ocorreu, provavelmente, como ânion acompanhante das bases.
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Karam, Oliver. "Transfusions de plasma en réanimation pédiatrique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S002/document.
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Les transfusions de plasma sont un traitement fréquent en réanimation, pour traiter ou prévenir un saignement. Or, des données observationnelles suggèrent que les transfusions de plasma sont associées à une augmentation de la morbidité et de la mortalité, sauf chez les patients qui souffrent d’hémorragie massive. Des données adultes suggèrent que les transfusions de plasma n’ont que peu d’effet sur les tests de coagulations.L’objectif de ce travail de thèse de sciences est d’effectuer quatre études préliminaires qui permettront ensuite de définir le protocole d’une étude randomisée contrôlée.La première étude présentée dans notre mémoire de thèse, une étude observationnelle dans 101 réanimations pédiatriques, a conclu que le plasma est souvent transfusé à des enfants qui ne saignent pas, et que, chez la grande majorité des patients, les transfusions de plasma n’ont que très peu d’effet sur les tests de coagulation. La deuxième étude a montré que les divers types de plasma actuellement sur le marché ont peut-être des effets différents, en terme de mortalité. La troisième étude a montré que les facteurs influençant la prescription de transfusions de plasma sont souvent des croyances non-fondées sur la capacité des transfusions de plasma à prévenir et arrêter le saignement. Et la quatrième étude a démontré que la mesure de la sévérité de la maladie, selon un score de défaillance multiviscérale, était adéquate dans une sous-population d’enfants recevant des transfusions de plasma. Ces quatre études nous ont donc permis d’esquisser le protocole de l’étude randomisée, qui permettra de comparer deux stratégies de transfusions de plasmaPlasma transfusions are frequently used to treat or prevent bleeding in critically ill children. However, little is known about the proper indications. Observational data both in children and adults indicate that plasma transfusions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, except in massively bleeding patients. Adult data suggest that plasma transfusions have little effect on coagulation tests and that a large proportion of plasma transfusions are not given according to the international recommendations.The objective of this thesis is to perform four preliminary studies that will allow designing the protocol of a randomized controlled trial. This trial will evaluate the cost-benefit relationship of plasma transfusion strategies in critically ill children.The first study in this thesis, an observational study in 101 centers, concluded that plasma was often transfused to non-bleeding children and that plasma transfusions had little effect on coagulation tests. The second study showed that the different types of plasma products had different clinical effects, in terms of morbidity and mortality. The third study showed that unfounded beliefs on plasma’s ability to prevent or stop bleeding influenced the prescription of plasma transfusions. The fourth study showed that measuring the severity of the disease with a multiple-organ dysfunction score was appropriate in a sub-population of critically ill children requiring plasma transfusion.These four studies allowed designing the protocol for the randomized controlled trial, comparing plasma transfusion strategies
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Gagnon, Pierre-André. "Happy Meat as a Passive Revolution: A Gramscian Analysis of Ethical Meat." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38809.
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This thesis starts from the proposition that the ethical meat discourse that is, the discourse recognizing that factory farming is unacceptable while maintaining that it is possible to produce meat in an acceptable way — has not been thoroughly analyzed. Indeed, both the partisans of this idea and the animal rights literature provide oversimplified analyses of this relatively new phenomenon. Considering its explosion in popularity since Michael Pollan published the essay “An Animal's Place” in The New York Times Magazine in 2002, this lack of research is particularly problematic for the animal rights movement as this new discourse directly counters its objectives. As such, this thesis uses Gramsci’s concept of passive revolution to develop a richer analysis of the apparent marginalizing effect that this discourse has on the animal rights movement. More precisely, the thesis addresses the question: “If the emergence of the ethical meat discourse is understood as part of a passive revolution, what can the specific process of passive revolution tell us about the impacts of the ethical meat discourse on the animal rights movement?” It argues that the passive revolution operates on two levels: (1) it depoliticizes the issue of meat consumption by presenting it as irrelevant and reducing it to technical details and (2) it absorbs the moderate elements of the animal rights movement by proposing an attractive alternative. Both of these processes lead to the marginalization of the few animal advocacy organizations still criticizing ethical meat. The analysis is divided in three parts. The first and second analyze respectively the content of the discourse and internal dynamics of the coalition formed around it using Maarten Hajer’s concept of discourse-coalition. Building on this comprehensive understanding of the ethical meat discourse, the actual process of passive revolution is analyzed by looking at the way the meat industry, environmental organizations and animal advocacy organizations engage with it.
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Martins, Maria Cristina Bortolozo de Oliveira. "A práxis libertadora e a apropriação das novas tecnologias no fazer docente da rede pública paulista." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9955.
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-11This research is based on the analysis of perceptions of public school teachers from the São Paulo school system in reference to the use of the new information and communication technologies in their teaching practice. Despite the importance of the continuing education projects offered by the São Paulo Secretary of Education for their public school teachers to appropriate these technologies, as well as the demands from the school community and contemporary society, unfortunately, this appropriation is not a reality within the set of schools in the public system. The initial hypothesis was founded on the large number of teachers who participated, and are participating in, the continuing education programs being offered. Over the course of the development of this qualitative research study, it became apparent that the participation in these programs was not sufficient to motivate some teachers to take the risk of breaking longstanding routines in order to incorporate the new technologies into their pedagogic practice. The study focused primarily on those teachers who have incorporated the new technologies into their daily teaching practice in an effort to identify the significance attributed to the technology by the teachers in their pedagogic actions. The result of the research shows that the necessary condition for the teacher s appropriation of the new technologies resides in his/her perception that these technologies contribute to personal emancipation. The contribution of this research study can be found in the presentation of the teacher as an intellectual advocate for the empowerment of subordinate groups which flock through the State public school system and who, looking at this situation, consider the new information and communication technologies, and in particular, the computer, to be indispensable tools in the construction of their autonomy
Este trabalho baseia-se na percepção de professores da rede pública de ensino paulista com respeito ao uso de novas tecnologias de comunicação e informação em seu fazer docente. Ressaltando-se a relevância dos projetos de preparação continuada oferecidos pela SEE/SP para o docente da rede pública se apropriar dessas ferramentas e as demandas tanto da comunidade escolar como da sociedade contemporânea, infelizmente, tal apropriação não é uma realidade no conjunto das escolas da rede pública de ensino. A hipótese inicial amparava-se no grande número de docentes que participaram e ainda participam dos programas de formação oferecidos; no desenvolvimento da pesquisa qualitativa, constatou-se que a participação nesses programas não era suficiente para motivar alguns professores a se aventurar em romper com rotinas já há muito estabelecidas e incorporar as novas tecnologias ás suas práticas pedagógicas. O recorte escolhido neste estudo privilegiou os professores que incorporaram as novas tecnologias no seu cotidiano docente, procurando identificar os significados que lhes atribuem em seu fazer pedagógico. A pesquisa apresenta como resultado que a condição para a apropriação das novas tecnologias pelo professor reside na percepção de que essas tecnologias contribuem para a emancipação das pessoas, mais que para a preparação para o mundo do trabalho. A contribuição deste trabalho encontra-se no fato de apresentar o professor como um intelectual militante do empoderamento dos grupos subalternos que afluem às escolas da rede estadual e que, nessa condição, considera as novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação, em particular o computador, uma ferramenta indispensável na construção de sua autonomia
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Dot, Jordana Irene 1982. "Avaluació i maneig de la lesió diafragmàtica associada a la ventitació mecànica en el pacient crític." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673797.
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La lesió diafragmàtica associada a la ventilació́ mecànica (VIDD) és prevalent,
infraestimada i amb implicacions pronòstiques. El seu estudi és complex i el seu
diagnòstic, difícil. Aquesta Tesi inclou dos articles amb troballes innovadores en aquest
camp incloent un nou model humà, els donants d’òrgans en asistòlia controlada
(Maastricht III o MSIII), que permeten la ventilació mecànica invasiva (VMI) en
modalitats assistides o espontànies i dos models ja descrits prèviament (donant mort
encefàlica (ME)) i controls ((CTL) que requereixen cirurgia toràcica). El primer article,
mostrà com ambdós grups de pacients (ME i MSIII) presentaren una disminució́
significativa de la mida de les fibres diafragmàtiques (CSA) respecte a un grup de
subjectes CTL. El nou model d’estudi, per contra, mostrà com el subgrup de pacients
MSIII que havien mantingut més hores l’estímul diafragmàtic presentaven menys atròfia
que els MSIII que havien tingut més hores d’inactivitat diafragmàtica. El segon article va
demostrar la utilitat de l’ecografia diafragmàtica en el diagnòstic d’atròfia, establint un
límit de 1.7mm de Tdi, que presentava un 73% de sensibilitat, un 67% d’especificitat, i
un 96% i 17% de valor predictiu positiu i negatiu respectivament per al diagnòstic
d’atròfia.
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Groman, Jennifer Lynn. "From Calling to Crisis: The Growth Process of Teachers Through Crisis-Like Incidents." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1436525010.
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Didlick-Davis, Celeste Renee'. "The LEGACY Project: A Case Study of Civic Capacity Building and Transformative Educational Leadership in a Community-based Academic Enrichment Program." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1460994613.
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Salles, Lilian Silva. "Laços míticos de família: paródia, rito e lirismo em Lavoura arcaica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14897.
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-30This study aims to elucidate the parody rewriting of the Parable of the Prodigal Son and its mythic allusions in Raduan Nassar s novel Lavoura Arcaica. Our aim is to point out, in Nassar s narrative discourse, the peculiarity of its structure in which we have identified poetic procedures as lyricism, silence, the sacred and the profane. These strategies recur in the novel, alternating the organic and the visceral with the problematization of the natural and the mythic. Therefore, we raised the following question: how does Lavoura Arcaica engage itself in a dialogue parody with the Parable of the Prodigal Son , and reconstruct, in a poetical prose, the mythical family ties, generating the rite of cosmic renewal? For us Lavoura Arcaica reconstructs these mythical ties through a tense lyricism between the dialogism and the silence. The mythical family ties in Lavoura Arcaica promote a circular narrative in which the rite of comic renewal is organizing with the fusion of the mystic and of parodying the presence of the sacred and the profane that bring the subject back to the organic, visceral and natural. Reflecting upon this issue, we studied the theory of myth dealing with the concept according to some scholars as Mircea Eliade, Gilbert Durand and Joseph Campbell. For the discussion of parody and dialogism, we have focused on Mikhail Bakhtin studies. We also discussed, the sacred and the profane as a pecualiarity of Nassar s novel, focusing on Mircea Eliade s studies, and the question of silence, presented in the novel, basing on Eni Orland´s studies. On the relation between poetry and lyricism, we have chosen the critical essays of T.S. Eliot. This study on Nassar s novel showed us that the mythical family ties are the bases for the discursive tensions and the parody rewriting of myth. Along this project, we observed that in the narrative discourse the myth of the eternal return has constructed Lavoura Arcaica as a great allegory of the ruins of a family unit
O presente estudo tem por objetivo elucidar a reescritura mítico-paródica da Parábola do filho pródigo presente no romance Lavoura arcaica, de Raduan Nassar. Nosso intuito é flagrar, nesse discurso narrativo de Nassar, a peculiaridade de sua escritura, na qual identificamos procedimentos poéticos como: o lirismo, o silêncio, o sagrado e o profano que apresentam no discurso dialógico do romance recorrência e alternância do orgânico, do visceral e do natural que otimizam a questão do mito no romance. Para tanto, levantamos a seguinte questão: De que maneira o romance Lavoura arcaica, de Raduan Nassar, ao dialogar de forma paródica com a Parábola do filho pródigo, reconstrói, em prosa lírica, os laços míticos de família, gerando um rito de renovação cósmica? As principais hipóteses que nos orientaram foram: ao dialogar com a Parábola do filho pródigo, o romance Lavoura arcaica reconstrói os laços míticos de família por meio de um lirismo tenso entre o dialogismo e o silêncio. Ainda cogitamos que os laços míticos de família, presentes em Lavoura arcaica, promovem uma narrativa circular, na qual o rito de renovação cósmica assume a fusão do místico e do paródico pela presença do sagrado e do profano, trazendo o homem de volta ao orgânico, ao visceral e ao natural. Para refletir sobre essa problemática, traçamos um percurso de estudo do mito tratando o conceito segundo os teóricos Mircea Eliade, Gilbert Durand e Joseph Campbell. Da mesma forma, a respeito da paródia e do dialogismo, temos como base teórica os estudos de Mikhail Bakhtin. Por uma peculiaridade desse romance nassariano, o sagrado e o profano foram estudados a partir dos estudos também de Mircea Eliade, já a questão do silêncio presente no romance está embasado nos estudos de Eni Orlandi. Revelamos as relações de poesia e lirismo, tendo como embasamento os ensaios críticos de T.S. Eliot. Enfim, a pesquisa evidenciou-nos que os laços míticos de família foram os construtores das tensões discursivas e da reescritura paródico-mitica presentes no romance. Ao longo deste trabalho, observamos que o mito do eterno retorno no discurso da narrativa constrói Lavoura arcaica como metáfora da busca de uma unidade familiar perdida
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ANSELMO, ANNA. "La "poetica dell'incontrollabilità": l'Endymion di Keats, la lingua e i periodici romantici." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/935.
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"Endymion" è il traît d'union tra i juvenilia di Keats ("Poems", 1817) e i suoi lavori più conosciuti ("Lamia, Isabella ... and other Poems"). Per sua natura, è un'opera di transizione e quindi concede allo studioso un punto di vista privilegiato sullo sviluppo della poetica e della lingua di Keats. Inoltre, l'"Endymion" è l'opera keatsiana più aspramente contestata dalla critica romantica. Gli studiosi moderni hanno analizzato il problema alla luce di considerazioni socio-politiche, il mio lavoro mira invece ad un'analisi più strettamente linguistica. Ricostruisco il contesto linguistico del diciottesimo e diciannovesimo secolo al fine di spiegare il disagio dei recensori nei confronti di "Endymion". Sostengo che il prescrittivismo del Settecento nasce da una profonda ansia relativa alla lingua, causata dalle teorie di Locke. L'atteggiamento prescrittivista influenza la critica romantica e i critici di Keats in particolare, più di quanto potessero fare considerazioni di natura politica. Analizzo le peculiarità linguistiche e strutturali di "Endymion" al fine di provare che Keats elabora una 'poetica dell'incontrollabilità', una serie di strategie stilistiche e testuali, che violano le convenzioni linguistiche e narrative e che vengono quindi percepite come destabilizzanti e stranianti."Endymion" is the traît d’union between Keats’s juvenilia ("Poems", 1817)and his better known, and, conventionally, ’mature’ works ("Lamia, Is- abella ... and other Poems", 1820). By its nature, it is a transitional work, and thus gives the scholar special insight into the development of Keats’s poetics and idiom. Moreover, "Endymion" is the Keatsian work which most irritated and provoked contemporary critics; the two pieces of venomous invective it received in the periodical press of the time have become the stuff of scholarly legend. Recent scholarly work has analysed the language of "Endymion" in socio-political terms; my work focuses on more strictly linguistic concerns. I reconstruct the linguistic context of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in order to explain the reviewers’ unease with regard to "Endymion". I maintain that eighteenth-century prescriptivism arose from a deep-seated anxiety regarding language, Lockian in origin, and that the ensuing desire to stabilize and therefore control language informed Romantic criticism in general, and the criticism of Keats’s work in particular, more fundamentally than politics could or did. I analyse the imaginative and linguistic markers of "Endymion" in order to prove that Keats had elaborated a “poetics of uncontrollability”, a series of textual and stylistic strategies, which violated linguistic and narrative standards and were therefore perceived as unsettling.
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Zhou, Jian Sheng. "Correlation entre tension interfaciale et composition de la couche adsorbee de systemes diphasiques capable de donner des microemulsions : influence de l'alcool comme cotensioactif." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066674.
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La composition de la couche adsorbee a l'interface de systemes diphasiques : eau+nacl; dodecane, dodecylsulfate de sodium ou dodecylbenzenesulfonate comme agent de surface et butanol, pentanol ou alcool benzylique comme coagent de surface, est determinee par application de la loi de gibbs
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"Radiation Dose Optimization For Critical Organs." Doctoral diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.17873.
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abstract: Ionizing radiation used in the patient diagnosis or therapy has negative effects on the patient body in short term and long term depending on the amount of exposure. More than 700,000 examinations are everyday performed on Interventional Radiology modalities [1], however; there is no patient-centric information available to the patient or the Quality Assurance for the amount of organ dose received. In this study, we are exploring the methodologies to systematically reduce the absorbed radiation dose in the Fluoroscopically Guided Interventional Radiology procedures. In the first part of this study, we developed a mathematical model which determines a set of geometry settings for the equipment and a level for the energy during a patient exam. The goal is to minimize the amount of absorbed dose in the critical organs while maintaining image quality required for the diagnosis. The model is a large-scale mixed integer program. We performed polyhedral analysis and derived several sets of strong inequalities to improve the computational speed and quality of the solution. Results present the amount of absorbed dose in the critical organ can be reduced up to 99% for a specific set of angles. In the second part, we apply an approximate gradient method to simultaneously optimize angle and table location while minimizing dose in the critical organs with respect to the image quality. In each iteration, we solve a sub-problem as a MIP to determine the radiation field size and corresponding X-ray tube energy. In the computational experiments, results show further reduction (up to 80%) of the absorbed dose in compare with previous method. Last, there are uncertainties in the medical procedures resulting imprecision of the absorbed dose. We propose a robust formulation to hedge from the worst case absorbed dose while ensuring feasibility. In this part, we investigate a robust approach for the organ motions within a radiology procedure. We minimize the absorbed dose for the critical organs across all input data scenarios which are corresponding to the positioning and size of the organs. The computational results indicate up to 26% increase in the absorbed dose calculated for the robust approach which ensures the feasibility across scenarios.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Industrial Engineering 2013
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Maiden, Nicholas Russell. "The assessment of bullet wound trauma dynamics and the potential role of anatomical models." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/99527.
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Background It is hypothesised that an anatomical simulant model, that replicates the heterogeneous nature of human organs and tissues, will provide a more reliable and accurate method of evaluating the pathological features and incapacitation potential of ammunition in a weapons system than homogeneous bare ordnance gelatine alone. The use of frozen and thawed cadavers for simulant development was also examined. To develop a model, the most critical organs and tissues that sustain bullet wound trauma within the thorax and abdomen must be determined. Next a suitable method for establishing and matching the relevant biomechanical properties with candidate simulant materials must be developed, and an appropriate scoring system adopted. Method De-identified wound trauma data from 197 homicidal gunshot post mortem examinations in Israel were obtained between 2000-2001 and 2004-2008. The corresponding forensic ballistics data was only available for the cases between 2004 and 2008. The major organs involved, type of wounds, cause of death (COD), most common bullet paths, distances involved, firearm calibres and bullet types were established. Tensile strength tests were undertaken on selected tissue samples from an un- embalmed cadaver that had been frozen and thawed five times, which maximised the effects of repeated cycles. The universal test equipment Hounsfield H50KM machine was used to apply uniaxial tension until tissue failure occurred. The maximum tensile strength results in g/mm² were compared against corresponding data from the literature. Energy loss tests were conducted on fresh porcine organs/tissues using steel 4.5mm BB pellets fired from a Daisy® brand air rifle. Each organ/tissue was tested at room temperature and 37°C (body temperature). They were compared to Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) specification ordnance gelatine, as well as a candidate simulant material. A limited number of tests were also conducted at 4°C for further comparison purposes. Two chronographs measured BB pellet velocity before and after each test material was perforated and the difference was established in m/s. The resulting energy loss was established using the formula KE = ½ mv². FBI and NATO specified ordnance gelatine of 250 and 285 Bloom strengths were manufactured using tap water, reverse osmosis (RO) water and de-ionized water. They were allowed to cure for 21 hours, 100 hours and 3 weeks. The FBI calibration standard was used for all formulations as there is no separate standard for the NATO formulation in the literature. An Australian Defence Force (ADF) AUSTEYR model F88 ICW (individual combat weapon) in calibre 5.56x45mmNATO was used with standard issue ASF1 ball ammunition. Large FBI specification ordnance gelatine blocks were manufactured and thin gelatine/composite plates were used to simulate subcutaneous tissue and fat, as well as to provide a platform for the attachment of a skin simulant and to embed bone/rib composite within. A 250mm air gap and bubble wrap was used to simulate an expanded lung. The gelatine/composite plates were secured to a wooden cradle and the gelatine blocks were positioned behind it. The F88 ICW was fixed in a remote firing device 50m from the target and a chronograph 3m in front of the rifle measured bullet velocity. Test results were recorded using two high speed ‘Photron Fastcam’ digital cameras. Maximum three dimensional permanent cavity dimensions were obtained using a vernier gauge, and temporary cavity measurements were taken from high speed video images. Results The homicide study established that males represent 91% of gunshot victims. Of the 999 bullet wounds recorded, males were struck in the body an average of 5.2 occasions, with 2.2 of these bullets striking the thorax and/or abdomen. A contributing factor to the frequency of bullet strikes was the type of firearms involved, namely semi automatic pistols in the predominant calibre 9mm Luger, and assault rifles in calibre 5.56x45mm and calibre 7.62x39mmSoviet. Full metal jacket bullets were used in most instances and the majority of shootings (N=124) occurred at ranges estimated at 1m or greater. The most common bullet path was front to back in 66% of cases, followed by back to front in 27% of cases. Entry wounds occurred more often on the left side of the thorax, abdomen and back (N=253) compared to the right (N=172). The most common critical organs/tissues to sustain bullet trauma in descending order were; heart, lungs, liver, aorta, spleen, kidneys and vena cava. Ribs were struck by most bullets that entered the thorax. Multiple organ injury was listed in 146 of the 192 cases where a specific COD was determined by the pathologist. The following tensile strength results were achieved from the cadaver study: heart 3.56g/mm², kidney 10.27g/mm², oesophagus 22.08g/mm², skeletal muscle 29.46g/mm², ascending aorta 59.98g/mm², trachea 155.40g/mm², spleen 4.65g/mm², liver 10.83g/mm², pancreas 15.18g/mm², lung 29.94g/mm², pericardium 136.84g/mm², skin (abdomen) 355.26 g/mm² and skin (thorax) 407.88g/mm². These data were compared to published results obtained from non-frozen tissues from elderly persons, recognising that tensile strength values were only available for the following organs and tissues at the 95% degree of confidence: heart 9.2±0.95g/mm²; kidney 4±0.20g/mm², oesophagus 51±1.1g/mm², skeletal muscle 9±0.30g/mm², ascending aorta 68±2.4g/mm², trachea 150±6.5g/mm². It can be seen that some results from the test cadaver were higher and some lower than the published results, with trachea recording the only similar result. This indicates that the freezing and thawing process may change the tensile strength of tissues in unpredictable ways. Therefore, bio- mechanical research should avoid the use of frozen/thawed tissues and organs. The major agreement between the porcine energy loss tests were: FBI specification gelatine was similar (p>0.05) to heart and lung at room temperature and 37°C; spleen was similar to NATO specification gelatine at room temperature and 37°C; candidate Simulant ‘A’ was similar to hindquarter muscle at room temperature and 37°C and hindquarter muscle, kidney and spleen were similar to each other at room temperature and 37°C. Liver and kidney, and liver and fat were similar to each other at 4°C. The use of different water types had no effect upon ordnance gelatine calibration results. However, different temperatures, concentrations and curing times did have a significant effect. Neither of the two NATO 20% formulations met the same calibration standard as the FBI 10% formulation. The penetration depths achieved for the FBI formulations at both 3°C and 4°C were closest to the recommended calibration standard after 3 weeks curing time. A 20% concentration of 285 Bloom at 20°C met the same FBI calibration standard after 100 hours of curing and can be considered comparable. The anatomical model pilot tests demonstrated the benefit of using simulants that are more representative of the heterogeneous nature of human organs/tissues. It was found that by combining skin, bone and other simulant materials with ordnance gelatine, the behaviour of a military full metal jacket (FMJ) rifle bullet changes with regard to the earlier onset of temporary cavitation, reduced penetration depth and a higher degree of bullet yaw compared to simulations using only bare FBI specification ordnance gelatine. This occurs because more energy is consumed negotiating the various anatomical simulants, which means wounding is likely to occur much earlier, and organs that are deeper within the body may not be affected to the same degree. These factors will impact significantly upon injury severity in real tactical scenarios. Conclusion The experimental studies provide the framework for the development of a heterogeneous model for bullet trauma simulations of the thorax and abdomen. This model would be more representative of actual wound trauma than bare ordnance gelatine alone. This conclusion was arrived at by identifying the most critical organs/tissues for modelling purposes. Their energy loss values (J/m) were established and the method adopted allows for comparable simulants to be developed. Porcine energy loss tests showed that FBI specification gelatine is similar to heart and lung, but different to hind quarter muscle and most of the other ‘critical’ organs and tissues within the thorax and abdomen. NATO specification gelatine is a suitable simulant for spleen, and test Simulant ‘A’ is a suitable simulant for both hindquarter muscle and kidney. A separate simulant would be required for liver, fat and aorta. Frozen and thawed cadaveric tissue was shown to produce unpredictable tensile strength data and is therefore unsuitable for simulant development. The limitations of using FBI and NATO specification ordnance gelatine was highlighted when changes to bloom number, temperature and curing times altered calibration results. Therefore, temperature stable synthetic simulants such as Simulant ‘A’ are preferable. The anatomical model pilot tests clearly demonstrated that the addition of simulant materials directly affects wound severity simulations compared with bare ordnance gelatine alone. This in turn affects interpretation of real life situations. The AIS 2005/2008 and MAXISS scoring systems are deemed appropriate to grade the lethality potential of model simulations. Therefore, the original hypothesis has been validated.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medical Sciences, 2014.
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O'Connor, Dorothy M. "Survey of critical care nurses' practice of bronchial hygiene a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... Master of Science (Medical-Surgical Nursing) ... /." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68796314.html.
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Bell, Joby Ray. "The grand organs of Notre-Dame and Saint-Sulpice, Paris: The "Magna Opera" of Aristide Cavaille-Coll and a critical comparison of their alterations." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/18061.
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Since the time of Cavaille-Coll, the grand organs of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame and the parish church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, have enjoyed steady international recognition and attention. This is due not only to their status as Cavaille-Coll's two largest creations and among his most famous opera but also for the subsequent tonal and mechanical changes made to them over the years by their titulaires and restorers. Although both instruments were comparable in size and completed within six years of each other, various installation peculiarities and Cavaille-Coll's ever-evolving style produced two rather different instruments whose tonal paths have diverged yet more ever since.
The organ in Saint-Sulpice, of which the majority of tonal resources, mechanisms, and chests are still as they were in 1862, has escaped significant invasive overhaul. In contrast, since its completion in 1868, the Notre-Dame organ has undergone radical alteration more than once and now stands as a monument as much to modern technological progress as to its various builders.
This oblique divergence between the two organs is largely the result of changes made to the Notre-Dame organ by titulaires Louis Vierne and Pierre Cochereau. However, the modern-day use of these organs also represents important differences between the two. The Notre-Dame organ is now capable of playing literature from all eras of organ music, yet improvisation is the most performed genre on this organ. In contrast, the organ at Saint-Sulpice is better suited to playing French music, yet it is on this organ that the music of German composers such as Bach and Mendelssohn is also regularly played.
Social matters are also of interest. "Decorum" and guarded admission were de rigueur at Saint-Sulpice during the tenures of Charles-Marie Widor and Marcel Dupre. Such intense social consciousness was not so strict at Notre-Dame. In contrast, today the Saint-Sulpice organ is a weekly host to numerous tourists, but that of Notre-Dame is virtually inaccessible to the unannounced visitor. Finally, although alterations are necessarily shaped by the personalities involved, other factors such as architecture and even the weather have also played important roles in the daily use of these instruments.