Relevant bibliographies by topics / Critical organs

Academic literature on the topic 'Critical organs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Critical organs"

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Sim, K. Howe, Anton Marinov, and Gary A. Levy. "Xenotransplantation: A Potential Solution to the Critical Organ Donor Shortage." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 13, no. 4 (1999): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/231798.

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The success of allotransplantation as a treatment for end-stage organ failure has resulted in the need for an increasing number of organ donors. Attempts to meet this need include the use of organs from living related and unrelated donors, financial or other incentives for the donor family, and even the reuse of transplanted organs. Despite these initiatives, the supply of organs for transplantation still falls far short of the demand, as evidenced by longer waiting times for transplantation and decreasing transplantation rates. Even if Canada were able to increase its organ donor rate to that of Spain (40 to 50/million), where organ donation is governed by ‘presumed consent’ legislation, this would not alleviate the problem of donor shortage. Interest in xenotransplantation stems from the need to overcome this increasingly severe shortage of human organs. Indeed, some argue that xenotransplantation is the only potential way of addressing this shortage. As immunological barriers to xenotransplantation are better understood, those hurdles are being addressed through genetic engineering of donor animals and the development of new drug therapies. However, before xenotransplantation can be fully implemented, both the scientific/medical communities and the general public must seriously consider and attempt to resolve the many complex ethical, social and economic issues that it presents.
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Dimo, Peter Masibinyane. "Progress in Organ Donation and Transplantation: A Critical Review of Literature." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 10 (August 28, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n10p133.

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The majority of countries are battling with a high incidence of organ failure such as the kidneys, heart, lungs, pancreas, and liver. The only solution that can remedy the plight of patients facing the strong likelihood of death as a result of malfunctioning body organs is organ donation and transplantation. The intention of this literature study is to assess progress in organ donation and transplantation. This study has benefitted immeasurably from previous scientific investigations. Four hundred and thirty-one published papers were selected from different accredited journals. The study found that many of the countries that have implemented the opt-in system are struggling to close the gap between the high demand for and the actual availability of life-saving organs due to low rates of registered and committed organ donors. The majority of patients that are contending with end-stage diseases are added to the organ donation waiting lists, but have little hope of receiving life-prolonging organs. Among the factors that deter people from contributing to organ donation and transplantation are a lack of knowledge, the failure to obtain consent from family members or next-of-kin, social attitudes, socio-cultural aspects, and myths. This study recommends urgent measures that could be taken to increase organ transplants in public and private hospitals due to the chronic shortage of organs for transplantation and by introducing the opt-out system of organ donation.
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Hardaway, Robert M. "Traumatic Shock Alias Posttrauma Critical Illness." American Surgeon 66, no. 3 (March 2000): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480006600312.

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Trauma is the most common cause of death under the age of 45. Many trauma patients die of multiple organ failure, especially acute respiratory distress syndrome. The basic cause of traumatic shock has only partially been elucidated. Data resources include research papers on the subject of trauma and shock from 1875 to the present. These papers numbered more than 40,000. Almost all of the papers proposed that traumatic shock was due to hypovolemia. The concept of a shock toxin as promulgated during World War I is correct. This toxin is a thrombogenic aminophospholipid that occurs only on the inner layer of all cell membranes and is liberated by cell destruction. It causes disseminated intravascular coagulation, which may obstruct the microcirculation of any and all organs producing multiple organ failure by microclots. These microclots may be lysed by plasminogen activator and circulation to the organs restored.
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Munir, Bakht, and Um e Noreen. "Balancing and Rebalancing of Judicial Autonomy: a Critical Analysis of Basic Structure Theory." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. IV (December 30, 2020): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-iv).16.

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With its restoration in March 2009, the judiciary exceptionally emerged as an independent state organ and sought autonomy from parliament, which embarked on another avenue of confrontation between these two organs. Considering past experience, parliament was committed to imposing modest restraints on the judiciary and ensured its representation in the process of judicial appointments to the Superior Courts in the form of the 18th Constitutional Amendment, which the court considered as an attack on its autonomy. With the help of qualitative research methodology, this research aimed to investigate the post-2009 judicial-legislative transition, which apparently started up with their confrontation and imbalance between these organs. Both state organs are striving to identify their constitutional bounds, which will ultimately lead to equilibrium between these organs.
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Souter, Michael J., E. Eidbo, James Y. Findlay, Daniel J. Lebovitz, Marina Moguilevitch, Nikole A. Neidlinger, Gerhard Wagener, et al. "Organ Donor Management: Part 1. Toward a Consensus to Guide Anesthesia Services During Donation After Brain Death." Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 22, no. 2 (December 24, 2017): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089253217749053.

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Worldwide 715 482 patients have received a lifesaving organ transplant since 1988. During this time, there have been advances in donor management and in the perioperative care of the organ transplant recipient, resulting in marked improvements in long-term survival. Although the number of organs recovered has increased year after year, a greater demand has produced a critical organ shortage. The majority of organs are from deceased donors; however, some are not suitable for transplantation. Some of this loss is due to management of the donor. Improved donor care may increase the number of available organs and help close the existing gap in supply and demand. In order to address this concern, The Organ Donation and Transplantation Alliance, the Association of Organ Procurement Organizations, and the Transplant and Critical Care Committees of the American Society of Anesthesiologists have formulated evidence-based guidelines, which include a call for greater involvement and oversight by anesthesiologists and critical care specialists, as well as uniform reporting of data during organ procurement and recovery.
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Day, L. "How nurses shift from care of a brain-injured patient to maintenance of a brain-dead organ donor." American Journal of Critical Care 10, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2001.10.5.306.

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BACKGROUND: The responsibility of obtaining organs for transplantation rests partly on critical care nurses. How nurses balance care of critically ill, brain-injured patients with the professional responsibility to procure organs is a question of ethical and clinical importance. OBJECTIVES: To describe the experiences of critical care nurses in making the shift from caring for a brain-injured patient identified as a potential organ donor to maintaining a brain-dead body. METHODS: An interpretive, phenomenological design was used. In 2 trauma centers, 9 critical care nurses were interviewed, and 2 of the 9 nurses were observed. RESULTS: Identification of potential organ donors is made under conditions of prognostic ambiguity. The transition from brain injury to brain death is a period of instability in which the critical care team must decide quickly whether to resuscitate a patient in order to procure organs. After a patient is brain dead, critical care nurses' relationship with and responsibility toward the patient change. CONCLUSIONS: The process of identifying potential organ donors and holding open the tentative possibility of organ procurement illustrates the practical difficulties of early referral of potential donors to organ procurement organizations. Early referral to an organ procurement organization implies a commitment to organ procurement that some nurses may hesitate to make because such a commitment changes their relationship with a brain-injured patient.
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Futterman, LG. "Presumed consent: the solution to the critical organ donor shortage?" American Journal of Critical Care 4, no. 5 (September 1, 1995): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1995.4.5.383.

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Extraordinary advances in science and medicine such as transplantation of human tissues not only bring about previously unimaginable societal benefits but also create profound implications that involve autonomy and belonging, opposing moral considerations, and legal concerns. Today, technology is changing faster than our values. The issue of salvaging organs from the dead to meet the escalating need for human organs for lifesaving organ transplantation has evolved into an intricate web of interdisciplinary concerns and value conflicts; right and wrong are opinions and consensus does not seem to exist. This organ supply-demand mismatch, as well as suggestions for its resolution, has become a major challenge to the transplant community and to those in political and bioethical arenas. A methodical transition to presumed consent, or opting-out legislation, which removes the burden of decision from the family and the burden of request from the healthcare professional, may be the only solution to correct the imbalance between human organ need and availability.
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Zadvornov, A. A., and E. V. Grigoriev. "Extracerebral manifestations of acute cerebral insufficiency in patients in critical condition." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-3-64-73.

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Acute cerebral insufficiency is a life-threatening condition defined by a loss of basic and higher nervous activity, as well as neuronal regulation of vital organs. Along with the signs and symptoms of brain damage, acute cerebral insufficiency is often accompanied by manifestations from other vital organs (i.e., respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urinary and immune systems as well as haemostasis), significantly complicating the disease course. Among the critical consequences following acute cerebral insufficiency are: 1) neurogenic endocrine disorders including hypopituitarism and impaired secretion of antidiuretic hormone which are notable for electrolyte imbalance; 2) healthcare-associated infections such as congestive pneumonia, ventriculitis, and pressure ulcers. In the worst-case scenario, acute cerebral insufficiency results in a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Here we describe epidemiology, pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of vital organs in patients with acute cerebral insufficiency.
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Skvortsov, A. E., S. F. Bagnenko, S. S. Komedev, V. M. Teplov, I. I. Kolachev, A. Yu Shchurov, A. L. Merkulov, V. P. Filatov, A. A. Boykov, and O. N. Reznik. "First Russian experience of liver and kidneys transplantation obtained from the donor with out-of-hospital irreversible cardiac arrest." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 21, no. 1 (May 18, 2019): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2019-1-88-95.

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Organs’ shortage remains the main limiting problem for accessibility of organ transplantation. There is the growing interest among transplant society for use organs obtained from «uncontrolled» donors after cardiac death (uDCDs), or, asystolic donors. But the warm ischemic time is critical factor for wide accepting of practice of transplantation such kind of organs. The article presents the first case of successful clinical organ transplants from the donor with out-of-hospital irreversible cardiac arrest obtained with help of life support devices.
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Scarritt, Michelle E., and Stephen F. Badylak. "Organ engineering: promise, progress and perspective." Biochemist 38, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03804020.

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The only curative treatment option for patients with end-stage organ failure is transplantation. Organ engineering offers an alternative to traditional transplantation that may address the critical shortage of donor organs and eliminate the need for recipient immunosuppression. Organ engineering may be accomplished through the use of scaffold – support structures that contain the architecture of an organ. As organs are exceedingly complex, creating an organ scaffold is a difficult task; however, organ scaffolds can be derived through a process known as decellularization, which is the mechanical, chemical and/or enzymatic removal of cells from a tissue or organ. Through decellularization of xenogenic (animal) organs, biocompatible extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds can be produced that retain the complex macroscopic and microscopic structure and composition of the native organ ECM. These 3D ECM scaffolds are ideal for engineering human organs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Critical organs"

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Shubane, Nancy. "Black critical care nurses' perceptions of organ donation and organ transplantation." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10262009-185326/.

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Soh, Kim Lam. "Knowledge about nosocomial pneumonia prevention among critical care nurses in New Zealand a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Health Science, Auckland University of Technology, September 2003 /." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/SohK.pdf.

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Thesis (MHSc--Health Science) -- Auckland University of Technology, 2003.
Appendix B not included in e-thesis. Also held in print (128 leaves, 30 cm.) in Akoranga Theses Collection. (T 610.7361 SOH)
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Reinhold, Emilie. "Le corps organisé, entre contrôle et débordement : Le cas des professions intellectuelles." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090059/document.

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Très peu d'études ont analysé comment le travail intellectuel affecte notre incorporation (embodiment). Mon cas, une intervention de danse dans une banque faisant participer les salariés, est une occasion inédite d'étudier les corps en action. Lors de leur travail avec les artistes, les salariés se tenaient sur un seuil, hésitant entre une attitude professionnelle ou plus personnelle. Des observations, des entretiens sur le corps et une analyse de leurs gestes s'appuyant sur des données visuelles (photographies, vidéo) donnent une description complète de leur incorporation dans cette situation de non-routine. Les corps restent souvent dans la retenue, la fermeture et la distance, mais certains d'entre eux s'ouvrent au jeu, proposant parfois des gestes rares, voire risqués. Mes résultats suggèrent que les frontières du corps sont plus instables qu'on ne le croit, l'expérimentation artistique étant un moyen de comprendre "ce que peut un corps" au travail. Le jeu corporel (embodied play) n'est pas seulement une expérience individuelle ; il est aussi un moyen de critiquer les normes corporelles existant au sein d'une organisation. Certaines manières de s'incarner proposent ainsi une sortie hors de l'organisation, ce qui se matérialise par une non-organisation du corps
As only very few studies have investigated how intellectual (and hence mainly digital) work affects our embodiment, my case, a dance intervention in a bank involving employees, was a good way to study bodies in action. During their work with the artist, employees were standing on the boundary between work and leisure, hesitating between professional and personal embodiment. Observations, interviews and an analysis of their gestures relying on various visual data give a complete description of their embodiment process in this specific moment. On the one hand, bodies remain very constrained, distant and closed, but on the other hand, some employees open up to play, displaying rare and sometimes risky gestures. My findings suggest that the body’s boundaries are much more unstable than we think and that artistic experimentation is one way to understand what a body can do at work. Embodied play is not only an individual experience; it also has the potential to criticize dominating bodily norms existing in an organisation. Alternative embodiments thus propose a way out of organisation
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CONCEICAO, CAMILA DA SILVA. "CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PACKAGED ORGANIC FOOD LABELS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22976@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O Brasil encontra-se entre os maiores produtores de orgânicos do mundo e o desenvolvimento do mercado de alimentos orgânicos está diretamente relacionado à confiança dos consumidores quanto à origem dos produtos. Nesse contexto, as informações dos rótulos e o selo de garantia de produto orgânico facilitam o consumidor identificar os alimentos que estão em conformidade com os regulamentos e normas técnicas vigentes e criam ambiente de confiança em circuitos longos de comercialização para os mercados desses produtos. Considerando a relevância do tema e a escassez de pesquisas de campo sobre rotulagem de alimentos orgânicos, o objetivo da dissertação é analisar a situação da conformidade de rótulos de alimentos orgânicos embalados e comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro em relação à legislação aplicável, e propor recomendações para as entidades interessadas em uma melhor adequação da rotulagem desses produtos. A pesquisa de campo foi conduzida em 2012 e as amostras analisadas totalizaram 107 produtos, classificados segundo sete categorias, a saber: conservas e antepastos; confeitaria e chocolataria; bebidas; chás; laticínios; barras; e biscoitos e snacks. Os resultados quantitativos e qualitativos da conformidade (e da não-conformidade) da rotulagem das categorias selecionadas poderão ser utilizados por diversas entidades de interesse, como órgãos reguladores, órgãos de defesa do consumidor, organizações não-governamentais, fabricantes e seus fornecedores e consumidores de alimentos orgânicos embalados.
Brazil is among the largest producers of organic food and the development of organic food market is directly concerned to consumer confidence in relation to authenticity of the products. In this context, food labels and organic certification seals provide a wide range of valuable information to make healthier choices easier to consumers and also reliability in long circuits of organic food to market. Considering the importance of the topic and the lack of research with this focus, The objective of this dissertation is two-fold: (i) to analyze the state of compliance of packaged organic food labels commercialized in the city of Rio de Janeiro, focusing on the mandatory labeling information; and (ii) to propose recommendations for organizations interested in compliance of packaged organic food labeling to current Brazilian regulation concerning the selected food categories. The field research was conducted in 2012 and the samples analyzed totaled 107 products, classified into seven categories, as follows: canned and antepastos; confectionery and chocolates; beverages; teas; dairy products; biscuits and snacks; and cereal bars. The quantitative and qualitative results of compliance (and noncompliance) labeling of the selected categories can be used by several entities of interest such as regulators, consumer protection agencies, nongovernmental organizations, manufacturers and their suppliers and organic food consumers.
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Romero, Augustine Francis. "Towards a Critically Compassionate Intellectualism Model of Transformative Education: Love, Hope, Identity, and Organic Intellectualism Through the Convergence of Critical Race Theory, Critical Pedagogy, and Authentic Caring." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194496.

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This critical race qualitative research study examines the perspectives of Chicanas\os regarding their educational experiences. Critical race theory in education has been critical in the effort to bring a deeper understanding of the racism that is experienced in American schools by Chicanas\os and other children of color. This study examines the intersectionality of American education; the Chicana\o social, political and historical experiences; and racism.This study is informed by theoretical frames from the disciplines of critical race theory, Latino critical race theory and their educational implications, new racism, Chicana/o authentic caring, and critical pedagogy. These theories expose inequality and injustice that adhere in American schools, and they help me understand that Chicana/o students, their parents and their communities are constructors of knowledge and facilitators of critical transformation.The study triangulates qualitative data through two critical components: interviews and an archival evaluation of the academic impact of the Social Justice Education Project and its Critically Compassionate Intellectualism (CCI) model of transformative education. The interview component consists of one open-ended focus group interview and one open-ended interview. In the archival segment, I evaluate informal open-ended student interviews, end of the year progress reports, post-program surveys, and achievement and graduation data.These data indicate that racism remains a key variable within the educational experiences of Chicanas\os students in SUSD schools. Additional findings indicate that the student cohorts that participate in the Social Justice Education Project and experience the CCI model of transformative education have a higher AIMS pass rate and higher graduation rates than those students cohorts that do not experience both the Social Justice Education Project and its CCI model.Given these findings, the study proposes that educational leaders demonstrate the political will that is needed to discover and implement multiple forms of critical transformative educational praxis. In addition, the need for more research that centers the voices of students and that focuses on racism and the Chicana\o contemporary experience.
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Odorisio, Cathy. "The relationship between critical care nurses' knowledge and attitude toward organ procurement /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 1991. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/nursing/1991/thesis_nur_1991_odori_relat.pdf.

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Rigueros, Saavedra Glory. "Organic coffee and society in Chiapas, Mexico : a critical realist analysis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11885.

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Smith, Carol M. S. "Assessment of critical loads of acidity for selected U.K. upland organic soils." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU555089.

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The use of critical loads of acidity to quantify damage to sensitive components of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has developed rapidly over the last decade. While much work has focused on defining damage to forested ecosystems, surface waters and groundwaters, there has been little work done on defining critical loads of acidity for ombrotrophic and minerotrophic peat. This thesis presents a modelling approach to quantify damage to ombrotrophic peat ecosystems, since such damage can result in a decline in both surface water quality and the ability of peat to act as an absorbent to aerial pollutants. Initial investigations were concerned with the factors which could be included in investigations of critical loads of N and acidity to the surface organic horizons of forest and moorland soils. The modelling approach was then developed from a series of laboratory-based simulation experiments to investigate the effect of contents of H&'43 , Ca2&'43 and Mg2&'43 in rainfall upon the chemistry of the peat ion exchange complex. The basic tenet of the modelling approach was that ion exchange equilibria for peat is rapid, mineral input to the surface of ombrotrophic peat from mineral weathering is negligible and that atmospheric inputs of wet and dry deposition will dominate the peat chemistry. These simulation experiments provided peat pH values resulting from equilibration with the simulated rainfall. By combining these with databases of atmospheric depositon for the U.K., critical loads of acidity and the present day peat pH were calculated and mapped. The critical load values for peat thus obtained were incorporated in the U.K. Critical Load mapping program, which was used to support the on-going European negotiations of emission reduction within the United Nations Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (U.N. E.C.E. C.L.T.A.P.).
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Shimojo, Yoshiro. "Upper Critical Field of Low-Dimensional Organic Superconductors under Parallel Magnetic Fields." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149957.

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Van, Wyk Theodore Justin. "The Harmonische Seelenlust (1733) by G.F. Kauffmann (1679-1735) a critical study of his organ registration indications /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09152005-095735/.

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Books on the topic "Critical organs"

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Ryan, George H. Live and Learn Conference on Solutions to the Critical Organ and Tissue Donor Shortage. Springfield, Ill.]: George H. Ryan, Secretary of State, 1993.

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Harrison, Tinsley Randolph. Harrison's pulmonary and critical care medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2010.

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1926-, Berte John B., ed. Critical care--the lung. 2nd ed. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1986.

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C, Miller Harry, ed. Critical operative maneuvers in urologic surgery. St. Louis: Mosby, 1996.

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Yu, George W. Critical operative maneuvers in urologic surgery. St. Louis: Mosby, 1996.

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Roland, Black, ed. Advanced Respiratory Critical Care. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Blasi, Francesco. Textbook of respiratory and critical care infections. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2015.

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C, Bone Roger, Campbell G. Douglas 1951-, and Payne D. Keith 1952-, eds. Bone's atlas of pulmonary and critical care medicine. Philadelphia: Current Medicine, 1999.

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Quick reference to respiratory critical care nursing. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1991.

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Critical thinking: Cases in respiratory care. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Critical organs"

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Toossi, M. T. Bahreyni, F. Akbari, Sh Bayani, A. Jafari, and M. Malakzadeh. "Radiation Exposure to Critical Organs in Orthopantomography." In IFMBE Proceedings, 89–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03902-7_26.

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Schill, S., S. Kampfer, B. Hansmeier, C. Nieder, and H. Geinitz. "Sparing of critical organs in radiotherapy of mediastinal lymphoma." In IFMBE Proceedings, 711–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03474-9_200.

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Atwell, William, Mark D. Weyland, and Lisa C. Simonsen. "Solar Particle Dose Rate Buildup and Distribution in Critical Body Organs." In Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation Part B, 831–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2916-3_16.

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Shewmon, D. Alan. "The “Critical Organ” for the Organism as a Whole." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 23–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48526-8_3.

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Thieringer, Florian M., Philipp Honigmann, and Neha Sharma. "Medical Additive Manufacturing in Surgery: Translating Innovation to the Point of Care." In Future of Business and Finance, 359–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99838-7_20.

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AbstractAlongside computed tomography, additive manufacturing (also known as three-dimensional or 3D printing) is a significant MedTech innovation that allows the fabrication of anatomical biomodels, surgical guides, medical/dental devices, and customized implants. Available since the mid-1980s, 3D printing is growing increasingly important in medicine by significantly transforming today’s personalized medicine era. 3D printing of biological tissues will provide a future for many patients, eventually leading to the printing of human organs. Unlike subtractive manufacturing (where the material is removed and 3D objects are formed by cutting, drilling, computer numerical control milling, and machining), the critical driver for the exponential growth of 3D printing in medicine has been the ability to create complex geometric shapes with a high degree of functionality. 3D printing also offers the advantage of developing highly customized solutions for patients that cannot be achieved by any other manufacturing technology.
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Kolovos, Nikoleta S. "Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome." In Pediatric Critical Care, 1085–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53363-2_36.

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Wizorek, J. J., and T. G. Buchman. "Organ-Organ Interactions in Multiple Organ Failure." In Mechanisms of Organ Dysfunction in Critical Illness, 159–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56107-8_11.

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Peter, J., A. Lodge, and Mark C. Bellamy. "Brain death and organ donation." In Critical Care Nephrology, 1105–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5482-6_93.

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De Backer, D., M. J. Dubois, and J. Creteur. "Microcirculation in Critical Illness." In Sepsis and Organ Dysfunction, 111–19. Milano: Springer Milan, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2213-3_9.

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Berry, Cherisse, and Rosemary Kozar. "Solid Organ Injury." In Geriatric Trauma and Critical Care, 291–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48687-1_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Critical organs"

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Atwell, William, Mark D. Weyland, and Alva C. Hardy. "Radiation Exposure and Risk Assessment for Critical Female Body Organs." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/911352.

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Cao, Lun-xiu, Nan Chao, Yong-kuo Liu, and Zhi-tao Chen. "The Dose Assessment Method Based on the Local Method of Characteristics and Skeletal Animation." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92195.

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Abstract Flexible and accurate estimation of dose absorbed by critical human organs is important to ensure and improve workers’ radiation safety. Absorbed doses for different organs and tissues are affected by their positions and the orientation of the body in the radiation field. This paper presents a skeletal animated local method of characteristic (SALMOC) dose assessment method that considers the working dynamics and organ-level dose for occupational workers during nuclear facility decommissioning. The proposed method combines the verisimilitude of skeletal animation technology (SA) with the flexibility of the local method of characteristics (LMOC). To account for the working posture, the change in different working postures are controlled by skeletal animation, and then the voxel model in a certain pose is generated according to the changed human model. Finally, the LMOC is used to perform the dose assessment. The proposed SALMOC method not only accounts for different working postures during the decommissioning of nuclear facilities but also considers the occlusion and scattering effect of the human model to achieve accurate organ-level dose assessment. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing the results with those derived from the Monte-Carlo method and Point-Kernel method evaluated on two different organs. The result shows that the proposed method can generate voxel models for irregular organs, and the tests show better consistency with the Monte-Carlo method compared with the Point-Kernel method.
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Dmytriiev, D. V., O. A. Nazarchuk, M. V. Melnychenko, B. I. Levchenko, and N. A. Bagniyk. "Diagnostic significance of toll-like receptors 4 in critical patients with infectious complications of the respiratory organs." In MEDICINE AND HEALTH CARE IN MODERN SOCIETY: TOPICAL ISSUES AND CURRENT ASPECTS. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-038-4-61.

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Matić, Dejan. "ZAKON O VISOKOM OBRAZOVANjU I AUTONOMIJA UNIVERZITETA." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.745m.

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This paper examines the problem of autonomy of higher education institutions in the context of the current Law on Higher Education. The current situation in our higher education requires an analysis of exactly those positive legal norms that regulate the relations of the organs of executive authorities and higher education institutions, that is, their organs. In addition, the need for such a critical consideration, in itself, arises from the undoubted and immeasurable general importance that the service activity in higher education, in the nature of things, completely objectively possesses. It is precisely for the above reasons that this paper is dedicated to the critical analysis of the positive legal regulations, as well as pointing out the possible directions for overcoming similar problems in the future, so that the service activity in the field of higher education will have the necessary stability.
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Wissler, Eugene H. "Whole-Body Human Thermal Modeling, an Alternative to Immersion in Cold Water and Other Unpleasant Endeavors." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23340.

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The human thermal regulatory system is remarkable. It allows humans to live under environmental temperatures that range from −45 °C in Arctic regions to + 50 °C in the Saharan desert, while maintaining the temperature of critical organs within ± 1 °C of 37 °C, without employing heating and cooling systems that we now take for granted. Of course, that requires building suitable shelters and wearing appropriate clothing, but it is still quite remarkable.
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Cooper, Candice F., and Paul A. Taylor. "Virtual Simulation of Blast, Behind-Armor Blunt Trauma, and Projectile Penetration Leading to Injury of Life-Critical Organs in the Human Torso." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52631.

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Light body armor development for the warfighter is based on trial-and-error testing of prototype designs against ballistic projectiles. Torso armor testing against blast is virtually nonexistent but necessary to ensure adequate mitigation against injury to the heart and lungs. In this paper, we discuss the development of a high-fidelity human torso model and the associated modeling & simulation (M&S) capabilities. Using this torso model, we demonstrate the advantage of virtual simulation in the investigation of wound injury as it relates to the warfighter experience. Here, we present the results of virtual simulations of blast loading and ballistic projectile impact to the torso with and without notional protective armor. Our intent here is to demonstrate the advantages of applying a modeling and simulation approach to the investigation of wound injury and relative merit assessments of protective body armor.
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Balogh, Lajos P., and Mohamed K. Khan. "Biodistribution of Dendrimer Nanocomposites for Nano-Radiation Therapy of Cancer." In ASME 2006 Multifunctional Nanocomposites International Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2006-17025.

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Multifunctional nanocomposites have an enormous scientific and practical future in medicine, especially in biomedical imaging and targeted delivery. Multifunctional composite nanodevices (CND) possess chemical and physical properties of all components, while interactions with the environment of the nanoparticle are dominated by the contact surface of the host molecule. Thus, if the surface is dominated by the organic component of a nano-sized organic-inorganic composite particle, an inorganic particle property can be manipulated in a biologic environment as if it belonged to an organic macromolecule. Composition, charge, and size of are critical in determining nanoparticle trafficking and uptake by organs, and therefore this knowledge is crucial for the development of cancer imaging and therapies. Specific biokinetics and biodistribution then can be influenced by correctly selecting size, and modifying surface characteristics, such as covalently attaching various targeting moieties to the surface forming biohybrids, regulating the surface charge, etc. Dendrimer nanocomposites are recently developed nearly monodisperse hybrid nanoparticles composed of macromolecular hosts and very small, uniformly dispersed inorganic guest domains combining desirable properties of the components. The surface groups control the interaction of these nanodevices with the biological environment. As a result of various synthetic options, the interior and/or the exterior of the host can be cationic, anionic, or non-ionic, depending on their termini and interior functionalities and the pH, and may involve multiple targeting moieties. We have synthesized gold/dendrimer nanocomposites to carry payload radiation and/or diagnostic moiety to specific targets. We examined the biodistribution of the templates and the corresponding gold/dendrimer nanocomposites. We employed the same dendrimer template and systematically varied the size, the surface charge and the composition. Biodistribution of {Au} gold/dendrimer nanodevices of various size (5, 12 and 22 nm) and surface charge (positive, negative) was investigated in mice models (B16 melanoma and DU145 human prostate cancer). Isotope neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to measure the presence of Au(0) in the tissue sample. All {Au} gold/dendrimer-nanocomposites were assayed for their quantitative short-term (1hr), intermediate (1 day) and long-term (4 days) biodistribution throughout organs for clinical toxicity. Delivery of radiation dose was achieved by radioactive {198Au} composites in a mice model. We have shown that modulating surface charge and composition will greatly change the biodistribution characteristics of the nanodevices. Rigorous testing of the principles that govern nanoparticle interactions with the complex environment of biological systems will be critical for an understanding of how these nanodevices will behave in vivo.
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Backfrieder, Werner. "A multi-modal data model for morphological segmentation in 3D dosimetry." In the 8th International Workshop on Innovative Simulation for Healthcare. CAL-TEK srl, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2019.iwish.004.

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"Patient specific dosimetry established during the last decade in modern radio-therapy. Usually, tracer kinetics in main compartments of observed metabolism is assessed from anterior and posterior whole body scans. The effective doses for each organ, derived by the MIRD scheme, provide evidence for following radiotherapeutic treatment and helps to meet vital dose limits for critical organs, e.g. kidneys. The calculation of individual dose in a three-dimensional context leads to more accurate dose estimates, as was proven by intensive research, but is still on the cusp to clinical application. In this work, a statistical approach, based on multi-modal image and feature data, is presented, to overcome manual segmentation, the most time consuming step, in 3D based dose calculation. 3D data volumes from a hybrid SPECT study, comprising SPECT and CT data, covering main compartments of metabolism, build the image features of a Gaussian classifier. From prior segmentations organspecific membership maps are derived, and substituted as additional feature into the segmentation procedure. Centroids, eccentricity and principal axes of organ models are registered to a rough thresholded image of the SPECT component, and define membership coefficients of the voxels. The new approach yields accurate results, even with real patient data. The new method needs minimal user interaction during selection of some sample regions, thus showing high potential for implementation in a clinical workflow."
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Zou, Yu, and Katherine Yanhang Zhang. "Experimental and Theoretical Study of Bovine Aorta and its Elastin." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193054.

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Blood vessels are complex organs with hierarchical ultrastructures. Different kinds of structural supporting fibers, such as collagen and elastin fibers, are cross-linked in a three-dimensional manner to provide stiffness of the tissue. Elastin networks endow blood vessels critical mechanical properties, and are essential to accommodate deformations encountered during physiological functions. Many Pathological conditions involve significant changes in elastin. Therefore it is important to fully characterize and understand the mechanical properties of aorta and its elastin networks. Here we studied, both experimentally and theoretically, the mechanical responses of bovine aorta and its elastin under biaxial loading.
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Bennedsen, Jacob, and Karen Chang Yan. "On Continuum Based Multiscale Modelling of Engineered Soft Tissue Constructs." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88482.

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Engineered tissue constructs are assembled through combining scaffolds, cells and biologically active molecules for restoring, maintaining, or improving damaged tissues or whole organs. Cells in engineered tissue constructs often experience mechanical forces during the fabrication process, maturation process, and under in vivo conditions. These mechanical forces/stimuli induce cellular responses and affect cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. While it is critical to understand the mechanical milieu of cells in tissue constructs, it is also extremely challenging due to the time and length scale span. Multiscale modeling approaches have been emerged to provide linkage among different length scale. One of the approaches is continuum based multiscale modeling to link organ, tissue and cellular levels. A representative volume element (RVE) with periodic or random microstructure serves as a vehicle to connect different length scales. This study focuses on effects of RVE selection, microstructure, and boundary conditions on the mechanical environment at cellular level. In particular, cell embedded alginate tissue constructs were studied. Hyperelastic models were used for modeling alginate and cells. Multi-cellular FE models were generated. The results of the average properties and the stress/strain experienced by cells were compared under different conditions.
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Reports on the topic "Critical organs"

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Taylor, Paul A., and Candice Frances Cooper. Simulation of Blast and Behind-Armor Blunt Trauma to Life-Critical Organs in the Human Torso. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1183057.

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Taylor, Paul A., and Candice Frances Cooper. Simulation of Blast and Behind-Armor Blunt Trauma to Life-Critical Organs in the Human Body. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1562207.

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Taylor, Paul A., and Candice Frances Cooper. Simulation of Blast and Behind-Armor Blunt Trauma to Life-Critical Organs in the Human Torso; Video Supplement for 2015 HPC Annual Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1183058.

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Blazakis, Jason, and Colin Clarke. From Paramilitaries to Parliamentarians: Disaggregating Radical Right Wing Extremist Movements. RESOLVE Network, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/remve2021.2.

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The global far right is extremely broad in nature and far from monolithic. While the “far right” is often used as an umbrella term, using the term runs the risk of over-simplifying the differences and linkages between white supremacist, anti-immigration, nativist, and other motivating ideologies. These beliefs and political platforms fall within the far-right rubric, and too often the phrase presents a more unified image of the phenomena than is really the case. In truth, the “far right” and the individual movements that comprise it are fragmented, consisting of a number of groups that lack established leadership and cohesion. Indeed, these movements include chauvinist religious organizations, neo-fascist street gangs, and paramilitary organs of established political parties. Although such movements largely lack the mass appeal of the interwar European radical right-wing extreme, they nevertheless can inspire both premeditated and spontaneous acts of violence against perceived enemies. This report is intended to provide policymakers, practitioners, and the academic community with a roadmap of ongoing shifts in the organizational structures and ideological currents of radical right-wing extremist movements, detailing the difference between distinct, yet often connected and interlaced echelons of the far right. In particular, the report identifies and analyzes various aspects of the broader far right and the assorted grievances it leverages to recruit, which is critical to gaining a more nuanced understanding of the potential future trajectory of these movements.
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Li, Xiaoping. High Critical Current in Metal Organic Derived YBCO Films. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada513795.

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Salavisa, Isabel, Mark Soares, and Sofia Bizarro. A Critical Assessment of Organic Agriculture in Portugal: A reflection on the agro-food system transition. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.05.

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Over the last few decades, the organic agriculture sector has experienced sustained growth. Globally, as well as in the European Union and Portugal, organic production accounts for just under 10% of total Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) (FiBL, 2019; Eurostat, 2019; DGADR, 2019; INE, 2019; GPP, 2019). This growth has been seen in terms of production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports and exports. This article attempts to build on the multi-level perspective (MLP) of the socio-technical (ST) transitions theory by employing a whole systems analysis (Geels, 2018) of organic agriculture in Portugal, which defends an integrated vision of the systems, where multiple interactions occur within and among the niche, the regime and the landscape levels. This approach has been employed in order to develop a critical analysis of the current state of the Portuguese organic agriculture sector, stressing the multiplicity of elements that are contributing to the agro-food system´s transformation into a more sustainable one. In fact, the agro-food system is related with climate change but also has connections with other domains such as public health, water management, land use and biodiversity. Therefore, it is affected by shifts in these areas. This analysis considers developments in increasing domestic organic production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports, exports, market innovations, and the sector´s reconfiguration. The organic sector´s increase has been attributed to European regulation, institutionalization, standardization, farmer certification, external (government) subsidy support programs, incremental market improvements (visibility and product access), the emergence of new retailers, the rise of supporting consumers and a shift away from conventional agriculture (Truninger, 2010; DGADR, 2019; Pe´er et al, 2019). However, together with positive incentives, this sector also faces numerous barriers that are hindering a faster transformation. Difficulties for the sector to date have included: product placement; a disconnect between production, distribution and marketing systems; high transport costs; competition from imports; European subsidies focused on extensive crops (pastures, olive groves, and arable crops), entailing a substantial growth in the area of pasture to the detriment of other crops; the fact that the products that are in demand (fresh vegetables and fruit) are being neglected by Portuguese producers; expensive certification procedures; lack of adequate support and market expertise for national producers; the hybrid configuration of the sector; and price. Organic agriculture as a niche-innovation is still not greatly contributing to overall agricultural production. The low supply of organic products, despite its ever-increasing demand, suggests that a transition to increased organic production requires a deeper and faster food system reconfiguration, where an array of distinct policies are mobilized and a diversity of actions take place at different levels (Geels, 2018; Pe´er et al, 2019). This paper will attempt to contribute an overall critical assessment of the organic sector´s features and evolution and will identify some of the main obstacles to be overcome, in order to boost the sustainability transition of the agro-food system in Portugal.
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Meir, Shimon, Michael S. Reid, Cai-Zhong Jiang, Amnon Lers, and Sonia Philosoph-Hadas. Molecular Studies of Postharvest Leaf and Flower Senescence. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592657.bard.

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Original objectives: To understand the regulation of abscission by exploring the nature of changes of auxin-related gene expression in tomato (Lycopersicon esculatumMill) abscission zones (AZs) following organ removal, and by analyzing the function of these genes. Our specific goals were: 1) To complete the microarray analyses in tomato flower and leaf AZs, for identifying genes whose expression changes early in response to auxin depletion; 2) To examine, using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), the effect of silencing target genes on ethylene sensitivity and abscission competence of the leaf and flower AZs; 3) To isolate and characterize promoters from AZ-specific genes to be used in functional analysis; 4) To generate stable transgenic tomato plants with selected genes silenced with RNAi, under the control of an AZ-specific promoter, for further characterization of their abscission phenotypes. Background: Abscission, the separation of organs from the parent plant, results in postharvest quality loss in many ornamentals and other fresh produce. The process is initiated by changes in the auxin gradient across the AZ, and is triggered by ethylene. Although changes in gene expression have been correlated with the ethylene-mediated execution of abscission, there is almost no information on the initiation of the abscission process, as the AZ becomes sensitized to ethylene. The present project was focused on elucidating these early molecular regulatory events, in order to gain a better control of the abscission process for agricultural manipulations. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Microarray analyses, using the Affymetrix Tomato GeneChip®, revealed changes in expression, occurring early in abscission, of many genes with possible regulatory functions. These included a range of auxin- and ethylene-related transcription factors (TFs), other TFs that are transiently induced just after flower removal, and a set of novel AZ-specific genes. We also identified four different defense-related genes, including: Cysteine-type endopeptidase, α- DOX1, WIN2, and SDF2, that are newly-associated with the late stage of the abscission process. This supports the activation of different defense responses and strategies at the late abscission stages, which may enable efficient protection of the exposed tissue toward different environmental stresses. To facilitate functional studies we implemented an efficient VIGS system in tomato, and isolated two abscission-specific promoters (pTAPG1 and pTAPG4) for gene silencing in stable transformation. Using the VIGS system we could demonstrate the importance of TAPGs in abscission of tomato leaf petioles, and evaluated the importance of more than 45 genes in abscission. Among them we identified few critical genes involved in leaf and flower abscission. These included: PTRP-F1, PRP, TKN4, KNOTTED-like homeobox TF, KD1, and KNOX-like homeodomain protein genes, the silencing of which caused a striking retardation of pedicel abscission, and ERF1, ERF4, Clavata-like3 protein, Sucrose transporter protein, and IAA10 genes, the silencing of which delayed petiole abscission. The importance of PRPand KD1 genes in abscission was confirmed also by antisense–silencing using pTAPG4. Experiments testing the effects of RNAi silencing of few other genes are still in progress, The analysis of the microarray results of flower and leaf AZs allowed us to establish a clear sequence of events occurring during acquisition of tissue sensitivity to ethylene, and to confirm our hypothesis that acquisition of ethylene sensitivity in the AZ is associated with altered expression of auxin-regulated genes in both AZs. Implication, both scientific and agricultural: Our studies had provided new insights into the regulation of the abscission process, and shaded light on the molecular mechanisms that drive the acquisition of abscission competence in the AZ. We pointed out some critical genes involved in regulation of abscission, and further expanded our knowledge of auxin-ethylene cross talk during the abscission process. This permits the development of novel techniques for manipulating abscission, and thereby improving the postharvest performance of ornamentals and other crops.
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MacDonald, James D., Aharon Abeliovich, Manuel C. Lagunas-Solar, David Faiman, and John Kabshima. Treatment of Irrigation Effluent Water to Reduce Nitrogenous Contaminants and Plant Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568092.bard.

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The contamination of surface and subterranean drinking water supplies with nitrogen-laden agricultural wastewater is a problem of increasing concern in the U.S. and Israel. Through this research, we found that bacteria could utilize common organic wastes (e.g. paper, straw, cotton) as carbon sources under anaerobic conditions, and reduce nitrate concentrations in wastewater to safe levels. Two species of bacteria, Cellulomonas uda and a Comamonas sp., were required for dentitrification. Celulomonas uda degraded cellulose and reduced nitrate to nitrite. In addition, it excreted soluble organic carbon needed as a food source by the Comamonas sp. for completion of denitrification. We also found that recirculated irrigation water contains substantial amounts of fungal inoculum, and that irrigating healthy plants with such water leads to significant levels of root infection. Water can be disinfected with UV, but our experiments showed that Hg-vapor lamps do not possess sufficient energy to kill spores in wastewater containing dissolved organics. Excimer lasers and Xenon flashlamps do possess the needed power levels, but only the laser had a high enough repetition rate to reliably treat large volumes of water. Ozone was highly efficacious, but it's use as a water treatment is probably best suited to moderate or low volume irrigation systems. This research provides critical data needed for the design of effective water denitrification and/or pathogen disinfection systems for different growing operations.
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Bercovier, Herve, and Ronald P. Hedrick. Diagnostic, eco-epidemiology and control of KHV, a new viral pathogen of koi and common carp. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695593.bard.

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Original objectives and revisions-The proposed research included these original objectives: field validation of diagnostic tests (PCR), the development and evaluation of new sensitive tools (LC-PCR/TaqManPCR, antibody detection by ELISA) including their use to study the ecology and the epidemiology of KHV (virus distribution in the environment and native cyprinids) and the carrier status of fish exposed experimentally or naturally to KHV (sites of virus replication and potential persistence or latency). In the course of the study we completed the genome sequence of KHV and developed a DNA array to study the expression of KHV genes in different conditions. Background to the topics-Mass mortality of koi or common carp has been observed in Israel, USA, Europe and Asia. These outbreaks have reduced exports of koi from Israel and have created fear about production, import, and movements of koi and have raised concerns about potential impacts on native cyprinid populations in the U.S.A. Major conclusions-A suite of new diagnostic tools was developed that included 3 PCR assays for detection of KHV DNA in cell culture and fish tissues and an ELISA assay capable of detecting anti-KHV antibodies in the serum of koi and common carp. The TKPCR assay developed during the grant has become an internationally accepted gold standard for detection of viral DNA. Additionally, the ELISA developed for detecting serum anti-KHV antibodies is now in wide use as a major nonlethal screening tool for evaluating virus status of koi and common carp populations. Real time PCR assays have been able to detect viral DNA in the internal organs of survivors of natural and wild type vaccine exposures at 1 and 10³ genome equivalents at 7 months after exposure. In addition, vaccinated fish were able to transmit the virus to naive fish. Potential control utilizing hybrids of goldfish and common carp for production demonstrated they were considerably more resistant than pure common carp or koi to both KHV (CyHV-3). There was no evidence that goldfish or other tested endemic cyprinids species were susceptible to KHV. The complete genomic sequencing of 3 strains from Japan, the USA, and Israel revealed a 295 kbp genome containing a 22 kbp terminal direct repeat encoding clear gene homologs to other fish herpesviruses in the family Herpesviridae. The genome encodes156 unique protein-coding genes, eight of which are duplicated in the terminal repeat. Four to seven genes are fragmented and the loss of these genes may be associated with the high virulence of the virus. Viral gene expression was studies by a newly developed chip which has allowed verification of transcription of most all hypothetical genes (ORFs) as well as their kinetics. Implications, both scientific and agricultural- The results from this study have immediate application for the control and management of KHV. The proposal provides elements key to disease management with improved diagnostic tools. Studies on the ecology of the virus also provide insights into management of the virus at the farms that farmers will be able to apply immediately to reduce risks of infections. Lastly, critical issues that surround present procedures used to create “resistant fish” must be be resolved (e.g. carriers, risks, etc.). Currently stamping out may be effective in eradicating the disease. The emerging disease caused by KHV continues to spread. With the economic importance of koi and carp and the vast international movements of koi for the hobby, this disease has the potential for even further spread. The results from our studies form a critical component of a comprehensive program to curtail this emerging pathogen at the local, regional and international levels.
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Neodo, Anna, Fiona Augsburger, Jan Waskowski, Joerg C. Schefold, and Thibaud Spinetti. Monocytic HLA-DR expression and clinical outcomes in adult ICU patients with sepsis – a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0119.

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Review question / Objective: The scope of this review was defined using PICOTS framework where 1) population: adult critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock; 2) index prognostic factor: cell surface protein expression of mHLA-DR in blood; 3) comparative factor: none; 4) outcomes to be predicted: mortality, secondary infections, length of stay, and organ dysfunction score (sequential organ failure assessment [SOFA], multiple organ dysfunction score [MODS], logistic organ dysfunction score [LODS]), composite outcomes where component endpoints consist of at least one of the outcomes stated above (e.g., “adverse outcome” defined as death or secondary infection), 5) timing (of the prediction horizon and the moment of prognosis): any; and 6) setting: ICU. Condition being studied: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to severe infections. It can further progress to septic shock, which includes hemodynamic failure and increased mortality rates. A recent worldwide epidemiological study estimated 48.9 million sepsis cases and 11 million of sepsis-related deaths (~20% of global deaths in 2017). Although its management has advanced considerably, sepsis remains deadly and challenging to treat. The 28/30-day mortality averages around 25% for sepsis and 38% for septic shock in high-income countries. Current models describe the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of sepsis as an interplay between concurrent dysfunctional pro- and anti-inflammatory immune response.
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