Academic literature on the topic 'Cristo orante'

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Journal articles on the topic "Cristo orante"

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Arocena, Félix María. "La Espiritualidad de Laudes y Vísperas." Scripta Theologica 37, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 499–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/006.37.13572.

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La liturgia de las Horas es precisamente eso: liturgia y, por tanto, realidad eclesial ínsita en el estatuto teológico de la celebración cristiana. Desde esta perspectiva, el autor se acerca a la dimensión espiritual que encierra la celebración vespertina y matinal de la plegaria que realiza la Iglesia en su continuum celebrativo. La celebración del oficio es contemplada como participación simbólica y eficaz, por consiguiente, sacramental, en la oración de Cristo que se dirige con la plenitud de su cuerpo, la Iglesia, al Padre en el Pneuma del Señor. Muestra cómo el salterio abre sus riquezas cuando el corazón orante de la Iglesia acude a él para rendir el homenaje de alabanza doxológica a Dios y propone una contemplación sapiencial en torno al misterio de la resurrección de Cristo y la adoración en espíritu y verdad.
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Leal, Valéria Andrade. "A animação bíblica da escola católica." Revista de Cultura Teológica. ISSN (impresso) 0104-0529 (eletrônico) 2317-4307 22, no. 84 (December 22, 2014): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.19176/rct.v22i84.20802.

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Documentos pós conciliares da Igreja, dentro os quais destaca-se o Documento de Aparecida e a Verbum Domini, apontam para a centralidade da Palavra de Deus em toda a ação pastoral e também na vida do cristão. Enquanto católicas as escolas confessionais que se inserem na missão da Igreja também são interpeladas a ter a Palavra de Deus no centro de sua ação educativa. Assim, o texto que segue apresenta diretrizes para a elaboração de um programa de formação bíblica que colabore na construção de um “pensar bíblico” em toda escola católica. Tal acarretaria a efetivação da animação bíblica da ação educativa a partir de uma leitura atenta, orante e performativa. Para tanto, a proposta do “pensar bíblico” implica partir da ótica da Bíblia, considerando todo seu processo de formação e sua variada constituição para ler a escola a partir da Sagrada Escritura e buscar o encontro com Jesus Cristo e a atualização da Palavra de Deus.
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Barreiro, Álvaro. "O LIVRO DA VIDA DE CRISTO DE LUDOLFO DE SAXÔNIA E OS EXERCÍCIOS ESPIRITUAIS DE INÁCIO DE LOYOLA." Perspectiva Teológica 39, no. 109 (April 16, 2010): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21768757v39n109p351/2007.

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Apresentamos neste artigo alguns dados sobre o autor do livro Vida de Cristo, o contexto histórico e eclesial em que foi escrito, o gênero literário e os destinatários. Comentamos também sua extraordinária difusão e os frutos produzidos. O número de edições, desde a primeira, em 1472, até as feitas no fim do século XIX, foi calculado em 420. Com o título: “O livro da Vita Christi em linguagem português”, o livro do Cartusiano, impresso em Lisboa em 1495, foi o primeiro livro impresso na língua portuguesa; e levado pelos navegantes portugueses, chegou até a Índia, no Oriente, e até o Brasil, no Ocidente. No fim do artigo fazemos algumas reflexões sobre as semelhanças e diferenças do volumoso livro da Vida de Cristo e o pequeno livro dos Exercícios Espirituais. Inácio de Loyola fez, por meio da leitura orante, contemplativa e refletida do livro de Ludolfo de Saxônia, a experiência de encontro pessoal com Deus Pai, com a pessoa e a missão de Jesus Cristo, e a experiência de deixar-se conduzir pelo Espírito. Depois de convertido, Inácio de Loyola se sentiu movido a ajudar outras pessoas a fazerem também uma experiência de encontro pessoal com Deus. Os dados apresentados no artigo mostram a riqueza e os frutos, nos nossos dias, do livro escrito faz mais de seis séculos.ABSTRACT: This article presents some data about Vita Christi’s author and the historical and ecclesial context in which it was written, its genre and addressees. It also comments on its extraordinary diffusion and its fruits. Since its first edition in1472 until the end of 19th century it had about 420 editions. With the title: “Vita Christ’s book in Portuguese language”, the Cartusian book, printed in Lisbon in 1495, was the first book printed in Portuguese; it was taken by Portuguese sailors and arrived in India, in the East, and in Brazil in the West. In the final part I present some reflections on the common elements and differences between Vita Christ’s large book and Spiritual Exercises’ small book. Ignatius of Loyola wrote, through a praying, contemplating and reflecting reading of Ludolf of Saxony’s book , an experience of personal encounter with God the Father, with the person and mission of Jesus Christ, and the experience of being taken by the Spirit. After his conversion, Ignatius of Loyola felt moved to help other people to make an experience of personal encounter with God too. The data presented in the article show nowadays the richness and fruits of this book written many centuries ago.
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Sardiñas Iglesias, Loida. "Una hermenéutica de la cruz de Jesús desde el "realismo político"." Albertus Magnus 6, no. 2 (February 15, 2016): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/s2011-9771.2015.0002.03.

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<p>En el contexto de un cristianismo afectado por el giro antropológico y el replanteamiento de la pregunta por el ser humano y su ser/estar en el mundo en la perspectiva de la humanización-deshumanización de la existencia, la lógica de justicia-injusticia social y la paradoja de la fe enfrentada al dolor y la miseria humanas, adquiere sentido preguntarse por la experiencia de fe en el Señor crucificado-muerto-resucitado. La teología de la cruz –staurología al interior de la teología sistemática–, que se inscribe en una tradición teológica crítica y a la vez, humanizante y esperanzadora, resulta un punto obligado para enfrentar las preguntas y paradojas del cristianismo occidental tardo-moderno. La cruz evoca provocación, locura, paradoja, sufrimiento, maldición, angustia, memoria anamnética; pero igualmente esperanza y criterio de discernimiento sobre la respuesta de Dios a la condición humana. Ella simboliza el escarnio y tortura de Cristo, la profundidad del sufrimiento de quien ante los ojos de romanos y judíos moría como rechazado, maldito de Dios y blasfemo. Condensa la imagen de aquel cristianismo triunfante y victorioso, que en el imaginario del gran poeta alemán Friedrich von Schiller se muestra como “religión de la cruz”, adorno de tronos e imperios que con frecuencia en la Edad Media provocó el rechazo y la muerte. Pero el símbolo mismo de la cruz, la señal de la cruz y el crucifijo simbolizan también la fe y el culto de comunidades cristianas marginadas y clandestinas, la mirada y actitud orante, la piedad cristiana y la esperanza de salvación más allá del dolor y la finitud humanas.</p>
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Santoro, Filippo. "A Palavra do Senhor. Comentário e destaques à Exortação Apostólica Pós-Sinodal do Papa Bento XVI." Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 71, no. 283 (February 19, 2019): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v71i283.997.

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O A. sintetiza a Exortação Apostólica Pós-Sinodal Verbum Domini, realçando sua estrutura dialógica e chamando a atenção para o que considera os pontos fortes do documento: a continuidade entre a Verbum Domini e a Dei Verbum (do Vat. II) no que concerne à centralidade da Palavra de Deus (Cristo); esta, como sendo o miolo do documento, não a Bíblia, embora esta seja seu receptáculo; uma renovada comunhão entre exegese, teologia e pastoral; Maria, ponto de referência para se compreender a relação entre Palavra de Deus e Igreja; leitura orante e lectio divina como abordagens que favorecem o encontro pessoal e comunitário com a Palavra; a dimensão inerentemente missionária da Palavra de Deus, que se dá, sobretudo, pelo testemunho de vida; o impulso ao diálogo ecumênico e inter-religioso decorrente do encontro com a Palavra; a comunhão e a alegria, resultantes desse encontro; o estilo sapiencial do texto e sua linguagem viva, calorosa e comunicativa, fruto da experiência de encontro com o Verbo encarnado, Palavra de Deus. Neste quadro, a Bíblia é vista como verdadeiro código primordial da humanidade, capaz de falar a uma sociedade plural, desejosa, em tempos de árido relativismo, do Evangelho da Vida.Abstract: The Author summarizes the Post-Synod Verbum Domini Apostolic Exhortation, emphasizing its dialogical structure and calling attention to what he considers to be the strong points of the document: the continuity between the Verbum Domini and the Dei Verbum (of the Vatican II) with regard to the centrality of God’s Word (Christ’s); considering the latter – rather than the Bible that would be just its receptacle – as the kernel of the document; a renewed communion between exegesis, theology and pastoral; Maria as a point of reference in order to understand the relationship between God’s Word and the Church; praying-reading and lectio divina as the types of approaches that encourage the individual and the community encounter with the Word; the inherently missionary dimension of God’s Word, that happens, above all, by the testimony of life; the impulse towards the ecumenical and inter-religious dialogue resulting from the meeting with the Word; the communion and the joy resulting from this meeting; the sapiential style of the text and its lively, warm and communicative language, fruit of the experience of the meetingwith the incarnated Word, God’s Word. In this picture, the Bible is seen as mankind’s true primary code able to speak to a plural and yearning society, at a time of arid relativism of the Gospel of Life.
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da Silva, Eufrázio Luiz Morais. "A Obra sacerdotal de Cristo continua na Igreja por meio da Liturgia das Horas: O batizado, sacerdote da oração sálmica." Pesquisas em Teologia 5, no. 9 (July 4, 2022): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46859/pucrio.acad.pqteo.2595-9409.2022v5n9p19.

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Ao contemplar a vida de Jesus, cuja “atividade cotidiana está muito ligada à oração (...) até o fim da sua vida, já próximo da Paixão na última ceia, em sua agonia e na cruz, o divino Mestre nos ensina que a oração foi sempre a alma de seu ministério messiânico e do termo pascal de sua vida”. O presente artigo tem como objetivo mostrar a Igreja, esposa que não cessa de entoar os cânticos que brotam do seu coração, como continuadora da obra redentora do seu esposo por meio da oração dos salmos. “Nela, Cristo está presente quando a assembleia está reunida, quando é proclamada a Palavra de Deus e quando a Igreja ora e salmodia”. Dessa maneira, a Igreja, corpo sacerdotal de Cristo, à luz dos poemas orantes, gradativamente vai tomando consciência da sua missão. Por meio dela, “Cristo exerce a obra de redenção e perfeita glorificação de Deus no Espírito Santo”. Por isso, a obra redentora de Cristo efetua-se em cada batizado que reza a Liturgia das Horas, bem como na sua santificação e vocação de sacerdote da oração sálmica.
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Dufka, Peter. "A TRADIÇÃO DA ORAÇÃO NO ORIENTE CRISTÃO." Perspectiva Teológica 46, no. 130 (January 6, 2015): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21768757v46n130p383/2014.

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O artigo centra-se no essencial da oração cristã no Oriente. Apresenta os aspectos fundamentais dessa experiência. Especifica os elementos que constituem o percurso do asceta e do monge através da oração, a qual está ligada à tradição hesicasta. A oração inclui vários elementos preparatórios: o silêncio interior (amerimnia), a vigilância, a atenção. Uma forma concreta de oração é a “Oração de Jesus”, que está presente também no Ocidente. Monológica e repetitiva, baseia-se na importância do nome divino, do nome de Jesus, o que mostra o poder da palavra. A força da oração se reflete somaticamente. O orante oriental sofre mudança na fisionomia e na disposição do corpo. Vê-se que há uma vasta riqueza interior no campo da oração. Conforme alguém se aproprie do método para orar, a partir de sua individualidade, concretizará diferentes formas de oração no Ocidente ou no Oriente.ABSTRACT: The article focuses on the essentials of Christian prayer in the Orient. The article presents the fundamental aspects of that experience. It specifies the elements that constitute the ascetic and monastic tradition through prayer, which is linked to the hesicasta tradition. The prayer includes several preparatory elements: the inner silence (amerimnia), vigilance, attention. A concrete way of prayer is the “Jesus prayer”, which is also present in the West. Monologist and repetitive, this prayer is based on the importance of the divine name, the name of Jesus, which shows the power of the word. The power of prayer is reflected somatically. The Eastern person who prays suffers change in physiognomy and the disposal of the body. It is seen that there is a vast wealth of interior prayer. Depending on how a person adopts a method for prayer, stemming from his individuality, will determine different forms of prayer in the West or in the East.
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Silva, Vanderson De Souza. "Lex orandi – fonte da Espiritualidade cristã: aspectos de teologia litúrgico-espiritual." Teocomunicação 44, no. 3 (January 21, 2015): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6736.2014.3.10633.

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Silva, Vanderson De Sousa. "Lex orandi – fonte da Espiritualidade cristã: aspectos de teologia litúrgico-espiritual." Revista de Cultura Teológica. ISSN (impresso) 0104-0529 (eletrônico) 2317-4307 22, no. 83 (August 8, 2014): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19176/rct.v22i83.19227.

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O presente artigo intenta perquirir a temática da Espiritualidade cristã que encontra na Lex orandi sua fonte mais genuina. A questão central é esta: a liturgia é a espiritualidade da Igreja como assevera Neunheuser; assim, nosso estudo gravita em torno da Liturgia como locus privilegiado da Espiritualidade Eclesial. Para isso, será perquerido aspectos lexicais, históricos e teológicos do binômio espiritualidade-liturgia.
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Rahmawati, Rahmawati, Siti Nuryanti, and Ratman Ratman. "Indikator Asam-Basa dari Bunga Dadap Merah (Erythrina crista-galliL.)." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2016.v5.i1.7997.

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Dadap red (erythrina crista-galli L.) is belonged to the legumes (fabaceaea) family which, is one of the flowering shade plants that often used as an ornamental plant. This plant has a bright red flower, a taproot with root nodule bacteria nitrogen fixation and compound leaf consists three strands on each stem. This research is climed to proves that the extract of dadap red flower can be used as acid-base indicators. Dadap red flowers was macerated using methanol then filtered. The filtrate was ready to use as an acid-base indicator. The extract is tested in an acid-base, buffer solutions, and was compared with phenolphthalein for a strong acid with a strong base while a methyl orange a weak base with a strong acid. Based on the result, indicator of dadap red flower extrat in the strong acid was red colour, while in the weak acid was pink, and also in the strong base was dark green and in the weak base was purple. Furthermore, in the buffer solution, the indicator of dadap red flower extract gave four groups of colour change, namely red color at pH 1 to pH 6, colorless at pH 7 to pH 9, brown at pH 10 and blue at pH 11 to pH 12. Additionally, to attain the end point of titration, the indicators of dadap red flower extract gives a similar results with the comparison indicators. The results showed that the indicator of dadap red flower extracts can be used as an alternative indicator.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cristo orante"

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Motta, Cristina. "L'umanità del Cristo orante. Conoscenza, sensibilità e volontà del dio-uomo nella riflessione teologica del secolo XIII." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/221.

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2008 - 2009
La tesi di dottorato della Dott.ssa Motta, dal titolo L'umanità del Cristo orante. Conoscenza, sensibilità e volontà del dio-uomo nella riflessione teologica del secolo Xll!, è stata condotta sotto la guida del tutor Prof. Onorato Grassi e della co-tutor Prof.ssa Carla Casagrande. Il lavoro prende le mosse dal tentativo di approfondire il tema dell'umanità del Cristo in alcuni autori particolarmente rappresentativi del secolo XIII e di mettere in luce analogie, differenze e influenze tra pensatori ancora alle prese con l'elaborazione di una cristologia il più possibile sistematica. La decisione di concentrarsi sul tema della preghiera è stata dettata dalla necessità di circoscrivere il campo di indagine mediante l'assunzione di un punto di vista privilegiato: il momento della supplica del Cristo, infatti, viene spesso utilizzato dagli autori analizzati nel corso della ricerca come una sorta di 'laboratorio sperimentale' in cui osservare 'dal vivo' i diversi aspetti che connotano la sua umanità, dal dispiegarsi delle passioni che più lo accompagnano nel corso della vita terrena - il timore e l'angoscia - all'intero ventaglio dei problemi correlati alla sua dimensione umana, come il funzionamento delle sue facoltà, la molteplicità delle sue volontà, la convenienza e l'efficacia delle sue invocazioni. Quello della preghiera, infatti, si configura come un gesto squisitamente umano, la cui ragion d'essere risiede nell'infèriorità di colui che prega - l'uomo, appunto - rispetto a colui al quale la preghiera viene innalzata, vale a dire Dio. Questo fa si che l'indagine che gli autori del secolo XIII conducono intorno alla figura del Cristo orante diventi spesso luogo, occasione e strumento di analisi delle dinamiche dell'anima umana in generale, dal che deriva l'interesse anche filosofico, e non solo teologico, di una ricerca di questo tipo. Il clima culturale in cui maturano queste riflessioni, infatti, è animato dalla traduzione di numerosi testi di psicologia greca e araba (dalle opere di Aristotele al De fide orthodoxa di Giovanni Damasceno, dal De natura hominis di Nemesio di Emesa al De anima di Avicenna), alla cui scoperta segue l'elaborazione di una sempre più complessa e raffinata geografia dell'anima; un'operazione, questa, che, se da un lato consente di giustificare meglio i fenomeni,dall'altro non può che sollevare questioni prima insussistenti. Questo discorso vale in particolare per l'intricata fenomenologia dell' anima (e del corpo) del dio-uomo, che, al fine di guarire e salvare l'umanità intera, assume volontariamente tutti i difetti della natura umana ad eccezione del peccato: ciò che non viene assunto, infatti, non può essere risanato. La sfida a cui i pensatori medievali sono chiamati consiste quindi nel dimostrare come la condizione del Verbo incarnato, pur nella sua eccezionalità, sia in realtà in tutto (o quasi) simile a quella dell'uomo decaduto, mortale e afflitto da una passibilità fonte di dolore e di tedio, oltre che da una conoscenza imperfetta e da un conflitto costante tra volontà discordanti: in caso contrario, il sacrificio del Figlio sarebbe vano. Gli autori del secolo XIII, dunque, si muovono su un terreno scivoloso, ancora infestato dagli spettri delle varie eresie cristologiche sorte (e condannate) nei primi secoli dell'era cristiana. Della circospezione mostrata nell'approccio a temi di questo genere è prova tangibile la riflessione intorno alla preghiera del Verbo incarnato, le cui dinamiche appaiono giocate sul sottilissimo confine che separa la sua umanità dalla sua divinità. Nel corso del lavoro si è cercato di dare ampio spazio ai testi, per lo più di natura teologica, selezionati attingendo a un'ampia e rappresentativa gamma di autori (Guglielmo di Auxerre, Rolando di Cremona, Ugo di San Caro, Alessandro di Hales, Summa halensis, Alberto Magno, Bonaventura da Bagnoregio, Tommaso d'Aquino) e interrogati sulla base del canovaccio offerto dal luogo esegetico della preghiera del Verbo incarnato. La tesi è cosi divisa in tre ampie sezioni, ognuna delle quali intende approfondire le specifiche modalità utilizzate da ciascun pensatore nel tentativo di spiegare i vari aspetti dell'umanità del Cristo emergenti nel momento della supplica. La prima parte è consacrata alla questione della conoscenza del Verbo incarnato. Sulla base della soluzione adottata da Pietro Lombardo nel III libro delle Sentenze, tutti gli autori presi in esame condividono la tesi dell' esistenza nel Cristo di una doppia scienza, increata e creata, esito necessario della sua duplice natura, divina ed umana. Oggetto della ricerca condotta è la scienza creata, ulteriormente suddivisa al suo interno in una molteplicità di declinazioni, che, pur nella diversità delle posizioni assunte, rispondono sempre alla necessità di attribuire all'anima di Cristo una sorta di onniscienza, senza tuttavia compromettere la limitatezza intrinseca al suo stato creaturale. Nella seconda sezione ci si occupa della sensibilità del Cristo, attraverso l'analisi dei vari aspetti connessi alla sua disposizione a sperimentare in maniera volontaria e virtuosa le passioni proprie dell'uomo decaduto al fine di redimerlo; la terza sezione è dedicata al problema delle differenti - ma mai contrastanti - volontà del Verbo incarnato quale emerge specificamente dall'indagine intorno al momento della preghiera, a cui è dedicato il capitolo conclusivo. Completa il lavoro la bibliografia delle fonti e della letteratura secondaria.[a cura dell’autore]
VIII n.s.
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Makame, James. "Sensory and nutritional quality of orange-fleshed sweet potato crisps from roots with varying physico-chemical properties." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79276.

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The sensory and nutritional quality of orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) crisps can be optimized by utilizing storage roots with suitable physical and chemical properties. Three root types from the OFSP cultivars Impilo, Bophelo and 199062.1 were evaluated for physico-chemical composition in both raw and deep-fat fried state. Frying significantly lowered the L*, a*, b*, E, h and C colour values for all three root types making the crisps darker compared to raw slices. The dry matter content (%) of Impilo, Bophelo and 199062.1 roots were 19.0, 23.1 and 27.2 respectively. The low dry matter Impilo tubers had the highest glucose content while the high dry matter 199062.1 roots had the lowest, with Bophelo roots intermediate for both the dry matter and glucose content. Deep-fat frying significantly increased the oil content in the crisps. Crisps from high dry matter roots (199062.1) had significantly lower oil content (25.7 %) compared to those from medium dry matter roots (Bophelo) (32.6 %) and low dry matter roots (Impilo) (35.6 %). This reflects the influence of the physical and chemical properties of the root (e.g. dry matter content) on oil absorption. Medium to high dry matter root (Bophelo and 199062.1) crisps had higher stress and hardness values than low dry matter root (Impilo) crisps based on a compression test. High dry matter root (199062.1) crisps had significantly higher first fracture deformation values compared to low dry matter root (Impilo) crisps, with Bophelo root crisps intermediate. Crisps prepared from roots of three OFSP cultivars (Impilo, Bophelo and 199062.1) and four other commercial crisp products (butternut, pumpkin, sweet potato and carrot) were further evaluated using Flash Profile (FP) sensory methodology. The sensory profiles of crisps from Bophelo and Impilo roots were more similar and were perceived as more orange and darker, harder, sweeter and less oily compared to 199062.1 crisps. The colour, appearance and flavour of OFSP crisps was influenced by the type and content of sugar in roots, with higher glucose and fructose content in Impilo tubers resulting in darker and sweeter flavoured crisps compared to crisps from Bophelo and 199062.1 roots. The higher β-carotene content of Bophelo roots produced crisps with more intense orange colour, while crisps from 199062.1 roots had the least intense orange colour. OFSP crisps were more orange and darker in colour, and were sweeter relative to commercial samples High dry matter (199062.1) and high trans-β-carotene (Bophelo) roots can be used to produce value-added crisps with low oil, high trans-β-carotene content and with desirable textural and appearance properties for consumer acceptance. The physico-chemical variations of the OFSP storage root types affect the sensory and nutritional quality of deep-fat fried crisps and this could be exploited in crisp product diversification, in efforts to meet the varied and dynamic sensory expectations of consumers. Using roots with high dry matter (e.g. 199062.1), and high β-carotene content (e.g. Bophelo) in the production of OFSP crisps could optimize product texture, oil content, colour and β-carotene content when compared to root types of low dry matter content (e.g. Impilo). OFSP roots from 199062.1 cultivar may be an ideal choice for cost-effective low fat OFSP crisps with considerable β-carotene content. Low fat crisps would be in tandem with current nutritional thinking on the health benefits of low fat food.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Food Science
MSc
Unrestricted
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Bertolini, Tharcila Colachite Rodrigues. "Estudo comparativo sobre a adsorção de diferentes classes de corantes em zeólitas de cinzas de carvão: modelagem cinética e de equilíbrio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-19032014-111612/.

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As cinzas leves e pesadas de carvão foram utilizadas na síntese das zeólitas (ZCL e ZCP) por tratamento hidrotérmico alcalino. As zeólitas modificadas de cinzas leves e pesadas (ZMSL e ZMSP) foram preparadas pela mistura de ZCL e ZCP com o surfactante brometo de hexadeciltrimetilamônio. Os adsorventes foram caracterizados por diferentes técnicas, tais como: métodos físico-químicos, fluorescência de raios-X, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, difração de raios-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. O processo de adsorção dos corantes cristal violeta (CV) e do ácido laranja 8 (AL8) foi realizado em sistema de batelada com o objetivo de investigar o equilíbrio e a dinâmica dos materiais zeolíticos no tratamento de efluentes. Os modelos de cinética de pseudo-primeira-ordem e pseudo-segunda-ordem foram aplicados aos dados experimentais e a cinética de pseudo-segunda-ordem descreveu a adsorção dos corantes sobre os adsorventes. Estudos da difusão intrapartícula revelaram que as velocidades de adsorção não eram controladas somente pela etapa de difusão. O modelo de Freundlich ajustou-se melhor aos dados experimentais para todos os sistemas estudados, com exceção do sistema CV/ZCL, que seguiu o modelo de Langmuir. As capacidades máximas de adsorção das zeólitas modificadas foram maiores do que aquelas obtidas para as zeólitas não modificadas. Este melhor desempenho é devido ao ambiente hidrofóbico proporcionado pela adsorção do surfactante catiônico na superfície do adsorvente. Os parâmetros das isotermas de adsorção foram usados para prever o design do equipamento para a realização de processo de adsorção descontínuo de estágio simples.
The coal fly and bottom ashes were used in the synthesis of zeolites (ZFA and ZBA) by alkaline hydrothermal treatment. The modified zeolites from coal fly ash and botton ash (ZMSF and ZMSB) was performed by mixing ZFA e ZBA with the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The adsorbents were characterized by different techniques such as: physico-chemical methods, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption of the dye crystal violet (CV) and acid orange 8 (AO8) was carried out in batch system with the purpose of investigating the equilibrium and dynamics of zeolitic materials in wastewater treatment. Pseudo-first- and second-order kinetic models have been applied to the experimental data and pseudo-second-order kinetic was found to describe the adsorption of the dyes on the adsorbents. Intra-particle diffusion studies revealed that the adsorption rates were not solely controlled by the diffusion step. The Freundlich model was better ajusted to the experimental data for all systems studied, except system CV/FTA, which followed the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of the modified zeolites were higher than those obtained for the unmodified zeolites. This best performance is due to the hydrophobic ambient provided by the adsorption of cationic surfactant on the surface of the adsorbent. The parameters of adsorption isotherms were used to predict the design of the equipment for performing adsorption discontinuous single stage.
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Géraud, Erwan. "Elaboration et caractérisation de matrices hydroxydes doubles lamellaires macroporeuses." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716798.

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Dans ce travail, la structuration de phases HDL en matrices macroporeuses a été réalisée grâce à l'utilisation d'un arrangement ordonné de sphères comme empreinte sacrificielle. Les phases HDL sont obtenues en précipitant les sels métalliques adsorbés à la surface de billes de PS ordonnées, en présence de soude. Un réseau 3D poreux est finalement obtenu soit par dissolution ou bien calcination de l'empreinte. Ces matrices HDL macroporeuses conservent leur propriétés d'intercalation et leur richesse de composition. La macroporosité ordonnée est maintenue lors de la décomposition thermique des phases HDL en oxydes. Cette macroporosité présente dans les phases HDL permet l'amélioration de l'adsorption, évaluée sur l'Orange II, et la photodégradation d'un pesticide par des anions décatungstate immobilisés. A partir de ces matrices macroporeuses, des carbones à porosité hiérarchisée ont été élaborés
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Slezák, Milan. "Dolování dat z databází." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218944.

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The thesis is focused on an introduction of data mining. Data mining is focused on finding of a hidden data correlation. Interest in this area is dated back to the 60th the 20th century. Data analysis was first used in marketing. However, later it expanded to more areas, and some of its options are still unused. One of methodologies is useful used for creating of this process. Methodology offers a concise guide on how you can create a data mining procedure. The data mining analysis contains a wide range of algorithms for data modification. The interest in data mining causes that number of data mining software is increasing. This thesis contains overviews some of this programs, some examples and assessment.
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Books on the topic "Cristo orante"

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Slifkin, Miriam. Oral history interview with Miriam Slifkin, March 24, 1995: Interview G-0175, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007). [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill, 2006.

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Crystal, David. The English language. London, England: Penguin Books, 1988.

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Crystal, David. The English Language. London: Penguin Group UK, 2010.

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Cree narrative memory: From treaties to contemporary times. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan: Purich Publishing, 2007.

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McLeod, Neal. Cree narrative memory: From treaties to contemporary times. Saskatoon, SK: Purich Pub., 2008.

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Cho, Pastor David Yonggi. Orando con Cristo. Vida, 1990.

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Varol, Ozan O. The Glorious Coup. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626013.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses a 1688 conspiracy cultivated by military officers that culminated in a coup d’état against England’s King James II, popularly known as the Glorious Revolution. The soldiers who deserted James II joined the invading Dutch forces of William of Orange to topple the king. The coup was largely the product of a Protestant crisis of conscience among those of England’s military elite who remained faithful to the Church of England in the face of an absolutist Catholic King James II. The coup brought enduring changes to the social, religious, and political fabric of England, as its empire transitioned from absolute to constitutional monarchy.
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Harris, Frances. 1660–1688. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802440.003.0003.

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The first chapter traces the friendship of Godolphin and Marlborough from their early years at the Restoration court, through the Exclusion crisis until the Revolution of 1688. Both marry for love at a time when many men with no inherited fortune regard wives and families as encumbrances they cannot afford, but Margaret Godolphin dies early in childbirth. They share a diplomatic mission to William of Orange in 1678, and afterwards their friendship enables them to work in different ways towards his intervention to defeat the Catholicizing policies of James II, so that England can participate in a European alliance against the expansionism of Louis XIV. When James flees to France in 1688 both Churchill and Godolphin accept William and Mary as de facto monarchs, though their strongest loyalties are to Mary’s sister Anne, with whom Sarah Churchill has become a favourite.
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Crystal, David. The English Language. Penguin (Non-Classics), 1991.

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Crystal, David. The English Language. Penguin (Non-Classics), 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cristo orante"

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Bloom, Clive. "Eyes on the Prize: Booker and the Orange People; Joan Collins in Court." In Literature, Politics and Intellectual Crisis in Britain Today, 90–120. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508408_4.

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Bækgaard, Jonas Taudal. "Ice-as-Money and Dreams-as-Ice: Christos Ikonomou’s “The Blood of the Orange” and the Critique of Liquidity." In Languages of Resistance, Transformation, and Futurity in Mediterranean Crisis-Scapes, 249–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36415-1_13.

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Cunnion, Janna, Feifei Hua, Maureen McNicholl, and Sandra Ospina. "Middle School Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Curriculum in the United States: Peers Lead Peers Through Change and Action." In Education to Build Back Better, 145–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93951-9_7.

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AbstractWhile the previous chapters of this book tackle reforms in existing, established national programs, this chapter is an emergent proposition to a change in policy at local school district levels in the United States. Change is dependent on and influenced by the educational ecosystem around the student which includes such stakeholders as parents, teachers, teacher preparation programs, community groups, curriculum and textbook developers, businesses, universities, local and federal agencies, and policy leaders. The criteria for what makes a climate change curriculum “effective” are difficult to name: first, because the subject itself is divisive, and second because humankind has not yet fully understood all there is to know about tackling climate change. Thus, in this chapter, a normative pro stance is taken in support of climate change education, as the need to implement climate change education in school echoes UNESCO's notion that climate education “is crucial to promote climate action. It helps people understand so they can address the impacts of the climate crisis, empowering them with the knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes needed to act as agents of change (Education for climate action, 2021). In Orange County, California—like many places in the United States—climate change is a politically charged and controversial topic. When 20 states adopted the well-regarded Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) in 2014, it was hoped that schools across the country would improve climate change education. However, we found that adopting new science standards does not necessarily mean that teaching and learning about climate change has improved in general, and this is made more complex by the fact that each state determines its own education system, and little can be mandated at a national level. Many factors contribute to inadequate student learning about the causes, impact, and especially the strategies to mitigate climate change among Orange County middle school students. We aim for education leaders to understand these best practices and encourage them to apply these to their contexts. We offer a curriculum based on best practices, one that is peer-led and garners hope. We wish for students to see themselves as agents of change and leaders of the not-so-distant tomorrow who become inspired to mitigate, adapt, and reverse climate change.
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Pimentel de Oliveira, Danielle, Ramón Hernando Granados, and Sandra Liliana Cely Andrade. "Answers to the Crisis in the Tourism Sector in a COVID Environment." In Handbook of Research on Cultural Tourism and Sustainability, 253–81. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9217-5.ch012.

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In an unstable environment, amid a global crisis, creativity and innovation still remain as effective tools for local development. Tourism was strongly affected by COVID-19 due to the severe restrictions on travel imposed as a security measure, but it is an actor capable of promoting development in the territories. For this reason, it is beginning to take on a special role in destinations that wish to bet on local idiosyncrasies as a path towards sustainable tourism based on local resources. In this sense, the orange economy is presented as a tool that, together with tourism, offers the necessary instruments to enhance the value of the locals. This chapter presents the Orange Cluster Initiative for the State of Boyacá, Colombia focused on the tourism sector. It is concluded that orange tourism can become a recovery of post-COVID-19 tourism, serving as an element of sustainable union between local agents, tourists, and the environment.
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Pimentel de Oliveira, Danielle, Ramón Hernando Granados, and Sandra Liliana Cely Andrade. "Answers to the Crisis in the Tourism Sector in a COVID Environment." In Handbook of Research on Cultural Tourism and Sustainability, 253–81. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9217-5.ch012.

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In an unstable environment, amid a global crisis, creativity and innovation still remain as effective tools for local development. Tourism was strongly affected by COVID-19 due to the severe restrictions on travel imposed as a security measure, but it is an actor capable of promoting development in the territories. For this reason, it is beginning to take on a special role in destinations that wish to bet on local idiosyncrasies as a path towards sustainable tourism based on local resources. In this sense, the orange economy is presented as a tool that, together with tourism, offers the necessary instruments to enhance the value of the locals. This chapter presents the Orange Cluster Initiative for the State of Boyacá, Colombia focused on the tourism sector. It is concluded that orange tourism can become a recovery of post-COVID-19 tourism, serving as an element of sustainable union between local agents, tourists, and the environment.
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Waters, Sarah. "Orange on the Inside." In Suicide Voices, 139–70. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789622232.003.0005.

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Chapter four examines the suicide crisis at France Télécom, situating this in the shift to a new finance-driven management model, following the company’s privatisation, whereby the search for shareholder value became the overarching strategic goal of the company. I draw on scholarship on financialisation and in particular, the rise of shareholder value, examining its impact on the changing status and conditions of labour. Suicides were not an aberration in an otherwise smooth-functioning system, but the consequence of systemic processes that sought to remove labour from the workplace as an obstacle to extraneous financial goals. The chapter examines the structural transformations of the company which transformed the perceived value of the individual worker and considers the new expulsionary management tactics that characterised the Next restructuring plan. The chapter draws on testimonial material, including suicide letters and witness statements drawn from a legal case taken by a work inspector against the company in 2010 which culminated in the recent criminal trial against the company’s former bosses. An analysis of this testimonial material allows us to reconstruct the causal connections that link structural transformations in the company to the acute suffering that triggered an act of self-killing.
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Rashid, ‘Ali Muhammad. "A Crisis at Sea." In Oranges in the Sun, 106–11. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781685851217-023.

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Kuzio, Taras. "Non-violent Orange Revolution and violent Euromaidan." In The Politics and Complexities of Crisis Management in Ukraine, 68–100. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315554402-4.

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Sapir, André. "Crisis and the Governance of the Euro Area." In The Delphic Oracle on Europe, 91–105. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199593842.003.0007.

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"Chapter One. Orange-Canadian Unionists and the Irish Home Rule Crisis, 1912–1914." In Irish Canadian Conflict and the Struggle for Irish Independence, 1912-1925. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442690059-003.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cristo orante"

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Ceddaha Zibi, A. "Migraine faciale à expression dentaire, à propos de trois cas." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206603016.

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Migraine faciale à expression dentaire, à propos de trois cas. Anael CEDDAHA ZIBI1, Vanina LUCIANI2, Diane NGUYEN3, Audrey CHANLON3, Nathan MOREAU4,5 1 - Interne en chirurgie orale 2 - Etudiante en 6ème année de chirurgie dentaire, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Université Paris Descartes 3 - Praticien attaché, consultation de diagnostic et traitement des douleurs chroniques oro-faciales, service de médecine bucco-dentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, AP-HP, Paris 4 - Responsable de la consultation de diagnostic et traitement des douleurs chroniques oro-faciales, service de médecine bucco-dentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, AP-HP, Paris 5 - MCU-PH en médecine et chirurgie orale, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes & Service de Médecine buccodentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, AP-HP, Paris & Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Oro-Faciale, Université Paris Diderot La migraine est une affection neurovasculaire qui peut être invalidante, sa pathogénie n’est pas encore parfaitement élucidée aujourd’hui. Le plus souvent à type de céphalée, elle représente la céphalée primaire la plus fréquente. Si son diagnostic est aisé lorsqu’elle se présente sous forme de céphalée, il devient plus délicat devant des manifestations faciales de migraines moins typiques. Les migraines avec une atteinte oro-faciale stricte sont peu décrites dans la littérature. Notre étude portera sur trois cas de patients recrutés et suivis à la consultation douleur de l’hôpital Bretonneau ayant souffert de douleurs oro- faciales, étiquetées comme migraines. Ce diagnostic ayant été confirmé par la suite lors de leurs prise en charge en neurologie. Dans le cas des migraines à expression dentaire, la maladie si elle est méconnue risque d’entraîner des traitements dentaires abusifs et inadaptés, comme cela a été le cas pour ces trois patientes. L’errance diagnostique et la chronicité des douleurs engendrent une dégradation de la qualité de vie des malades, et impacte souvent leur relation affective et professionnelle. L’aspect économique des traitements dentaires à répétition chez ces patients n’est pas à négliger. Si la migraine est une maladie bénigne elle peut devenir invalidante. La forte prévalence des migraines dans la population générale et dans la population active en fait une des priorités de santé publique du fait de son retentissement économique. Les objectifs de la prise en charge thérapeutique prennent en compte l’éradication des facteurs déclenchant des crises, le traitement de la crise migraineuse, et un traitement de fond prophylactique lorsque la fréquence des crises est importante. La migraine demeure une maladie sous-diagnostiquée dans toutes ses formes d’expression. Un diagnostic précoce demeure pourtant indispensable pour une prise en charge optimale en particulier en cas de manifestations oro-faciales pures.
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Condor-Tinoco, Enrique Edgardo, Emerson Loa-Navarro, Josué Alexi Huarcaya-Ccoicca, and Carlos Yinmel Castro-Buleje. "Minería de datos en Twitter: análisis del sentimiento del desempleo en la población hispanohablante en tiempos del COVID-19." In Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería de Sistemas. Universidad de Lima, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26439/ciis2020.5474.

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Con la aparición del COVID-19, se vino una crisis socioeconómica en cada país que toca esta pandemia; los países hispanohablantes son los más afectados por su estructura económica, es así que autores como Orgaz advierten que el COVID-19 ocasionará global mente que, entre abril y junio del 2020, el 6,7 % de las horas de empleos desaparezca, lo que equivale a perder 195 millones de puestos de trabajo a tiempo completo. Con la finalidad de conocer lo que piensa la población, en la presente investigación se realizó un modelo que permitiría analizar el sentimiento del desempleo en la población hispanohablante en tiempos del COVID-19 en la red social Twitter, haciendo uso de la metodología SEMMA y apoya dos con la herramienta Orange Canvas. En los resultados se obtuvo que, de los seis mil tuits analizados, en los comentarios acerca del tema del desempleo, este tema está asociado con los términos pobreza, pandemia, país y trabajo; también se identificó que los usuarios tienen un sentimiento negativo y neutro en cuanto al tema de desempleo, considerando como un factor principal a la pandemia.
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Condor-Tinoco, Enrique Edgardo, José Antonio Rojas-Cusi, Anthony Zevallos-Rodríguez, and Carlos Yinmel Castro-Buleje. "Minería de datos: análisis de sentimiento en Twitter basado en lexicones sobre el uso de dióxido de cloro para el tratamiento del COVID-19." In Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería de Sistemas. Universidad de Lima, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26439/ciis2020.5477.

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El COVID-19, según la Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS), es la “enfermedad infecciosa causada por el coronavirus que se ha descubierto más recientemente”. Para el tratamiento del COVID-19 se han informado por diferentes medios diversos productos, entre ellos se tiene al dióxido de cloro; se dice que puede curar y prevenir el COVID-19 porque incre menta los niveles de oxígeno en la sangre; también expertos en la salud indicaron que es falso y, por el contrario, esta sustancia puede oxidar la hemoglobina y desencadenar más problemas de salud. Se planteó el objetivo de desarrollar un modelo de minería de datos sobre el análisis de sentimiento en Twitter basado en lexicones sobre el uso de dióxido de cloro para el tratamiento del COVID-19, para su desarrollo se usó la metodología CRISP-DM y la herramienta Orange Canvas. En los resultados se obtuvo que la palabra dióxido de cloro está asociada a las palabras sí, tomar y COVID; por otro lado, la opinión de las personas en relación al dióxido de cloro, con tendencia a negatividad y neutralidad, dan como resultado calificaciones compuestas, lo que significa que 4500 tuits de los usuarios de Twitter tienen opiniones de neutralidad y rechazo en distintas proporciones sobre el tratamiento del dióxido de cloro para el COVID-19.
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Sulukdjian, A., D. Nguyen, V. Luciani, A. Chanlon, and N. Moreau. "Intérêt de l’indométacine comme traitement d’épreuve des céphalées hémi-faciales : aspects cliniques et pharmacologiques." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206603015.

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Intérêt de l’indométacine comme traitement d’épreuve des céphalées hémi-faciales : aspects cliniques et pharmacologiques Arek SULUKDJIAN1, Diane NGUYEN2, Vanina LUCIANI3, Audrey CHANLON2, Nathan MOREAU4,5 1- Etudiant en 5ème année de chirurgie dentaire, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Université Paris Descartes 2 - Praticien attaché, consultation de diagnostic et traitement des douleurs chroniques orofaciales, service de médecine bucco- dentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, AP-HP, Paris 3 - Etudiante en 6ème année de chirurgie dentaire, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Université Paris Descartes 4 - Responsable de la consultation de diagnostic et traitement des douleurs chroniques oro-faciales, service de médecine buccodentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, AP-HP, Paris 5 MCU-PH en médecine et chirurgie orale, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes & Service de Médecine buccodentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, AP-HP, Paris & Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Oro-Faciale, Université Paris Diderot La région oro- faciale peut être le siège de nombreuses pathologies douloureuses dont certaines d’origine neurovasculaire (migraine) ou trigémino-autonomiques (algie vasculaire de la face, hémicrânie paroxystique) peuvent être de diagnostic difficile, surtout en cas de présentation purement faciale. L’hémicrânie paroxystique (HP) est une céphalée primaire caractérisée par de multiples crises douloureuses unilatérales associées à des troubles autonomiques crânio-faciaux (ICHD3). De prédominance féminine, sa prévalence est estimée à 1/50 000. Son âge moyen d’apparition est en moyenne à 40 ans et touche une population de 5 à 68 ans. La grande particularité de cette pathologie est que son traitement de référence est aussi son principal outil de confirmation diagnostique. En effet, l’HP présente une réponse complète à l’indométacine, ce qui pourrait permettre ainsi d’écarter les autres pathologies douloureuses faciales. Cet AINS a pour particularité d’être le seul à avoir une action spécifique au niveau hypothalamique, dont l’activation serait responsable du tableau céphalalgique dans l’hémicrânie paroxystique. A ce titre, il peut s’avérer un test diagnostique intéressant en cas de douleurs hémifaciales inexpliquées, en particulier si des signes autonomiques sont présents. Il est rapporté trois cas de patients ayant consulté dans la consultation douleurs chroniques orofaciales du service de médecine bucco-dentaire de l’hôpital Bretonneau pour des douleurs oro-faciales inexpliquées associées à de discrets signes dysautonomiques (sudation, obstruction nasale, rhinorhée, larmoiement ). Alors que leurs précédents traitements étaient peu ou pas du tout efficaces (antalgiques de pallier 2, carbamazépine ou gabapentine), un traitement d’épreuve par indométacine a permis une disparition immédiate de leurs douleurs faciales. La présentation clinique et la réponse absolue à l’indométacine ont ainsi permis de poser le diagnostic d’hémicrânie paroxystique chez ces trois patients. Les contre-indications de la molécule étant réduites à celles de sa famille pharmacologique, cette série de cas suggère l’intérêt de l’utilisation l’indométacine comme test diagnostique chez tout patient souffrant de céphalées hémifaciales strictes, surtout en présence de signes autonomiques.
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Reports on the topic "Cristo orante"

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Rousseau, Henri-Paul. Gutenberg, L’université et le défi numérique. CIRANO, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/wodt6646.

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Introduction u cours des deux derniers millénaires, il y a eu plusieurs façons de conserver, transmettre et même créer la connaissance ; la tradition orale, l’écrit manuscrit, l’écrit imprimé et l’écrit numérisé. La tradition orale et le manuscrit ont dominé pendant plus de 1400 ans, et ce, jusqu’à l’apparition du livre imprimé en 1451, résultant de l’invention mécanique de Gutenberg. Il faudra attendre un peu plus de 550 ans, avant que l’invention du support électronique déloge à son tour le livre imprimé, prenant une ampleur sans précédent grâce à la révolution numérique contemporaine, résultat du maillage des technologies de l’informatique, de la robotique et de la science des données. Les premières universités qui sont nées en Occident, au Moyen Âge, ont développé cette tradition orale de la connaissance tout en multipliant l’usage du manuscrit créant ainsi de véritables communautés de maîtres et d’étudiants ; la venue de l’imprimerie permettra la multiplication des universités où l’oral et l’écrit continueront de jouer un rôle déterminant dans la création et la transmission des connaissances même si le « support » a évolué du manuscrit à l’imprimé puis vers le numérique. Au cours de toutes ces années, le modèle de l’université s’est raffiné et perfectionné sur une trajectoire somme toute assez linéaire en élargissant son rôle dans l’éducation à celui-ci de la recherche et de l’innovation, en multipliant les disciplines offertes et les clientèles desservies. L’université de chaque ville universitaire est devenue une institution florissante et indispensable à son rayonnement international, à un point tel que l’on mesure souvent sa contribution par la taille de sa clientèle étudiante, l’empreinte de ses campus, la grandeur de ses bibliothèques spécialisées ; c’est toutefois la renommée de ses chercheurs qui consacre la réputation de chaque université au cours de cette longue trajectoire pendant laquelle a pu s’établir la liberté universitaire. « Les libertés universitaires empruntèrent beaucoup aux libertés ecclésiastiques » : Étudiants et maîtres, qu'ils furent, ou non, hommes d'Église, furent assimilés à des clercs relevant de la seule justice ecclésiastique, réputée plus équitable. Mais ils échappèrent aussi largement à la justice ecclésiastique locale, n'étant justiciables que devant leur propre institution les professeurs et le recteur, chef élu de l’université - ou devant le pape ou ses délégués. Les libertés académiques marquèrent donc l’émergence d'un droit propre, qui ménageait aux maîtres et aux étudiants une place à part dans la société. Ce droit était le même, à travers l'Occident, pour tous ceux qui appartenaient à ces institutions supranationales que furent, par essence, les premières universités. À la fin du Moyen Âge, l'affirmation des États nationaux obligea les libertés académiques à s'inscrire dans ce nouveau cadre politique, comme de simples pratiques dérogatoires au droit commun et toujours sujettes à révision. Vestige vénérable de l’antique indépendance et privilège octroyé par le prince, elles eurent donc désormais un statut ambigu » . La révolution numérique viendra fragiliser ce statut. En effet, la révolution numérique vient bouleverser cette longue trajectoire linéaire de l’université en lui enlevant son quasi monopole dans la conservation et le partage du savoir parce qu’elle rend plus facile et somme toute, moins coûteux l’accès à l’information, au savoir et aux données. Le numérique est révolutionnaire comme l’était l’imprimé et son influence sur l’université, sera tout aussi considérable, car cette révolution impacte radicalement tous les secteurs de l’économie en accélérant la robotisation et la numérisation des processus de création, de fabrication et de distribution des biens et des services. Ces innovations utilisent la radio-identification (RFID) qui permet de mémoriser et de récupérer à distance des données sur les objets et l’Internet des objets qui permet aux objets d’être reliés automatiquement à des réseaux de communications .Ces innovations s’entrecroisent aux technologies de la réalité virtuelle, à celles des algorithmiques intelligentes et de l’intelligence artificielle et viennent littéralement inonder de données les institutions et les organisations qui doivent alors les analyser, les gérer et les protéger. Le monde numérique est né et avec lui, a surgi toute une série de compétences radicalement nouvelles que les étudiants, les enseignants et les chercheurs de nos universités doivent rapidement maîtriser pour évoluer dans ce Nouveau Monde, y travailler et contribuer à la rendre plus humain et plus équitable. En effet, tous les secteurs de l’activité commerciale, économique, culturelle ou sociale exigent déjà clairement des connaissances et des compétences numériques et technologiques de tous les participants au marché du travail. Dans cette nouvelle logique industrielle du monde numérique, les gagnants sont déjà bien identifiés. Ce sont les fameux GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon et Microsoft) suivis de près par les NATU (Netflix, Airbnb, Tesla et Uber) et par les géants chinois du numérique, les BATX (Baidu, Alibaba, Tenant et Xiaomi). Ces géants sont alimentés par les recherches, les innovations et les applications mobiles (APPs) créées par les partenaires de leurs écosystèmes regroupant, sur différents campus d’entreprises, plusieurs des cerveaux qui sont au cœur de cette révolution numérique. L’université voit donc remise en question sa capacité traditionnelle d’attirer, de retenir et de promouvoir les artisans du monde de demain. Son aptitude à former des esprits critiques et à contribuer à la transmission des valeurs universelles est également ébranlée par ce tsunami de changements. Il faut cependant reconnaître que les facultés de médecine, d’ingénierie et de sciences naturelles aux États-Unis qui ont développé des contacts étroits, abondants et suivis avec les hôpitaux, les grandes entreprises et l’administration publique et cela dès la fin du 19e siècle ont été plus en mesure que bien d’autres, de recruter et retenir les gens de talent. Elle ont énormément contribué à faire avancer les connaissances scientifiques et la scolarisation en sciences appliquées ..La concentration inouïe des Prix Nobel scientifiques aux États-Unis est à cet égard très convaincante . La révolution numérique contemporaine survient également au moment même où de grands bouleversements frappent la planète : l’urgence climatique, le vieillissement des populations, la « déglobalisation », les déplacements des populations, les guerres, les pandémies, la crise des inégalités, de l’éthique et des démocraties. Ces bouleversements interpellent les universitaires et c’est pourquoi leur communauté doit adopter une raison d’être et ainsi renouveler leur mission afin des mieux répondre à ces enjeux de la civilisation. Cette communauté doit non seulement se doter d’une vision et des modes de fonctionnement adaptés aux nouvelles réalités liées aux technologies numériques, mais elle doit aussi tenir compte de ces grands bouleversements. Tout ceci l’oblige à s’intégrer à des écosystèmes où les connaissances sont partagées et où de nouvelles compétences doivent être rapidement acquises. Le but de ce texte est de mieux cerner l’ampleur du défi que pose le monde numérique au milieu universitaire et de proposer quelques idées pouvant alimenter la réflexion des universitaires dans cette démarche d’adaptation au monde numérique. Or, ma conviction la plus profonde c’est que la révolution numérique aura des impacts sur nos sociétés et notre civilisation aussi grands que ceux provoqués par la découverte de l’imprimerie et son industrialisation au 15e siècle. C’est pourquoi la première section de ce document est consacrée à un rappel historique de la révolution de l’imprimerie par Gutenberg alors que la deuxième section illustrera comment les caractéristiques de la révolution numérique viennent soutenir cette conviction si profonde. Une troisième section fournira plus de détails sur le défi d’adaptation que le monde numérique pose aux universités alors que la quatrième section évoquera les contours du changement de paradigme que cette adaptation va imposer. La cinquième section servira à illustrer un scénario de rêves qui permettra de mieux illustrer l’ampleur de la gestion du changement qui guette les universitaires. La conclusion permettra de revenir sur quelques concepts et principes clefs pour guider la démarche vers l’action. L’université ne peut plus « être en haut et seule », elle doit être « au centre et avec » des écosystèmes de partenariats multiples, dans un modèle hybride physique/virtuel. C’est ainsi qu’elle pourra conserver son leadership historique de vigie du savoir et des connaissances d’un monde complexe, continuer d’établir l’authenticité des faits et imposer la nécessaire rigueur de la science et de l’objectivité.
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