Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Crises sanitaires'
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Barkaoui, Houssem. "Proactivité des systèmes de soins à domicile face à des crises sanitaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI058/document.
Full textToday, the accumulation of risks associated with factors such as increasing urbanization, climate change and variability, terrorism, animal and human epidemics or pandemics and enlarged mobility of people and goods have increased the disruptive and even destructive impact of various types of disasters. Crisis management plans are developed to better manage the crisis or even to avoid it. The purpose of this research is to develop decision aid tools to support the different phases of the crisis management plan for home health care (HHC) structures, mainly for preparation and response phases. A set of scenarios, considering the different sources of crises and the impacted business processes, with regard to their frequency and their human and material impacts, have been defined. An original approach of vulnerability analysis based on graph theory and matrix methods has been developed. The objective is to measure the impact of different crises on the HHC structure in terms of actors and exchanged flows. Based on this assessment phase we have proposed a classification of HHC actors. Different methods have been proposed for the design of mitigation strategies and countermeasures for each class of actors. The problem of access to care in the context of a scenario of massive intoxication is considered. A linear programming model has been proposed to simulate the studied scenario and evaluate its consequences. It models a foodborne infection and its medical response as part of a HHC-Hospital collaboration, in the framework of an extended white plan. The issue of access to patients' homes has been investigated in the context of a flood-like scenario. The proposed tool provides an evacuation plan for critical patients to evacuate and a home support plan for low-risk patients who will be kept at home, using clustering based on each patient's risk assessment
Maltais, Stéphanie. "La gestion résiliente des crises sanitaires dans les États fragiles : étude de la crise d’Ebola en Guinée." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39855.
Full textGinnaio, Monica. "L'impact démographique des crises sanitaires et nutritionnelles des sociétés anciennes : le cas de la pellagre en Italie." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE2008.
Full textDolard, Adrien. "Représentations et perception des conditions de travail durant la crise sanitaire : Qualité de Vie au Travail et Stress perçus, l’impact des attentes et des craintes des salariés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCH006.
Full textThis thesis explored the social representations of QWL and the perception of QWL and stress among employees in 3 different working conditions during the health crisis in France: Teleworking vs. On-site vs. Hybrid. This comparison was carried out at three different times during the pandemic (1st containment, 3rd containment, and post-containment) with three studies. An additional study (S4) used the data to take an overall look at the evolution of representations and perceptions over the three periods. In this work, we favoured a mixed methodology: combining a qualitative (VAT) and quantitative (QS-27) method. For the qualitative part, we conducted prototypical and similarity analyses. According to the results, all workers experienced the health crisis as a difficult and stressful situation, in all three periods. Moreover, the social representation of QWL was organized around central cognitions that refer to the consequences of the health crisis on mental health and isolation (S1, S2 & S4). For teleworkers, specific elements related to solitude were added (S2 & S4). For onsite workers, the social representation was organized around cognitions linked to the consequences of the health crisis on mental health, health protocols, and risks of contamination (S1, S2, S3 & S4). Specific elements related to sanitary gestures and risks of contamination were noted (S1, S3 & S4). For hybrid workers, social representation was organized around workload (S2 & S4), teleworking (S2 & S3), and the consequences on mental health (S2 & S4). The quantitative part (QualTra-scale, QS-27) enabled us to measure participants' perceptions and expectations of their QWL. During the first confinement (condition 1), teleworkers experienced a work QWL compared to onsite workers. During the third confinement the opposite results appeared (S2). For the "post-confinement" period, we observed no difference between them (S3). Concerning participants' expectations of their ideal QWL, we identified higher expectations for onsite workers than for teleworkers (S4). In addition, these measurements allowed us to apprehend the QWL object through the real/ideal thema (Bamby-Mas, Spadoni-Lemes & Mariot, 2012) using the QS-27 scale (Salès-Wuillemin, Minondo-Kaghad, Chappé, Gélin, & Dolard, 2023). We noted a greater gap between these two measures in the condition compared to the teleworking condition during the first confinement (S1). Conversely, the gap between these two measures was larger in the teleworking condition compared with the onsite condition during the third confinement (S2). These results showed an evolution in QWL during the health crisis. Finally, they showed the important role played by the stress during this crisis. It was linked to the fear of the virus for onsite workers (Rateau, Tavani & Delouvée, 2023), and to difficulties in balancing personal and professional life for teleworkers (Parent-Lamarche & Boulet, 2021). Our results highlighted greater stress for onsite workers than for teleworkers and hybrid workers during the third confinement (S2). After the confinements, it was hybrid workers who showed greater stress compared with onsite workers (S3)
Basileu, Cynthia. "Modélisation structurelle des réseaux sociaux : application à un système d’aide à la décision en cas de crise sanitaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10240/document.
Full textTo manage a public health crisis resulting from an outbreak of a large-scale pandemic, it is necessary to be capable of taking adequate measures very quickly. These measures must be taken to protect the productive capacity of the economy. Consequently, I have focused on the development of a « decision-making support » model with hybrid agents simulating the spreading of a pandemic, which is established on the medical characteristics of the virus as well as the socioeconomic structure of the concerned geographical zone. This socioeconomic structure being at the centre of the model, a pretopological modelling of the concept of social network is therefore proposed and integrated into the approach agent
Régnard, Corinne. "Crise économique, santé et mortalité à Madagascar /." Paris ; Bucarest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38972444p.
Full textRouzaud-Cornabas, Mylène. ""Alerte à la pilule". Politiques contraceptives et régulation du risque au prisme du genre." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS532.
Full textIn December 2012, a controversy broke out in France over the increased risks of deep vein thrombosis associated with new generation contraceptive pills. This controversy led to the expression of an intense criticism of the pill in France, which until then had been a symbol of female emancipation. Nearly one in five women thus dropped the pill in favor of other methods. This has destabilized a French contraceptive model focused on the promotion of the pill. Despite its intensity, this controversy happened in France with quite a delay. As early as 1995, the associated risks had been identified in many other European countries, including the United Kingdom.The aim of this research is to understand the ignorance of these risks in France for nearly twenty years. It is based on interviews (n=74) conducted with French and European actors committed in birth control. An analysis of the Ministry of Health’s archives and a review of the scientific and institutional literature have also been led. The analysis of the 1995 British controversy sheds light on the specificity of the French situation.The analysis of this controversy leads to describe the contraceptive policies from the 1980s to the present days. It reveals how the contraceptive space has been structured around a hormonal and gendered perception of the reproductive bodies. This analysis highlights the central role played by the pharmaceutical companies but also by medical gynecology in France. These first results help to better understand the minimizing of risks associated with hormonal contraceptives in France.The trajectory of this controversy shows more broadly a sexual division of risk, especially in matters of drugs regulation. Many studies have depicted how the (bio)medicalisation of birth control has led to its feminization. But few offer a gender analysis of drugs regulation in general and contraceptives regulation in particular. The scientific, institutional and political logics of definition, evaluation and handling of drugs risks are nevertheless embedded in a gendered perception of female and male bodies. The 2012-2013 controversy reveals the distinction and unequal sharing of contraceptive risks between sexes, an inequality that also relies on an essentialism of contraceptive and reproductive work
Vo, Thi Le Hoa. "Modélisation dynamique des flux logistiques de la filière avicole française dans un contexte de crise sanitaire." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4024.
Full textThis research is interested in studying the short-term behavior of the standard chicken supply chain possesses two originalities, i. E. , a singular structure (forty-day upstream push and twenty four-hour downstream pull) and one that suffers from simultaneous fluctuations in raw material supply capacities (due to epizooty) and customer demand (due to customer anxieties and fears) caused by a sanitary crisis. A simulation model basing on the system dynamics of Forrester is developed to investigate supply chain behaviors influenced by variations of unpredictable downstream consumer behavior resulting from crisis situations as well as by upstream supply capacity shortages. The simulation results have enabled us to understand some regulation errors resulted from the supply chain instabilities that induce unexpected costs during the crisis period. The most interesting results suggest an important decision policy of high upstream production anticipation. In addition, by increasing the forecasting horizon and reducing the adjustment delay of stock and Work in Process levels, we can obtain a great deal of dynamic performance improvement and increase service level. At the theoretical level, an important contribution of this work is to present an application of system dynamics methodology in studying the global behavior of a particular supply chain facing simultaneously upstream and downstream external fluctuations. Finally, our research can be helpful to decision-makers to analyze complex dynamic behaviors and stability of the poultry supply chain by using both cybernetic representation and computer simulation
Adams-Mayhew, Robin. "La couverture médiatique des crises alimentaires en France et en Angleterre, 1985 - 2001." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA131016.
Full textGreat Britain, these two last decades, was marked by a succession of food crises which had important effects on the European economy. These crises struck the agricultural world, called in question the credibility of the actors of the feeding circuit, of the State, guarantor of the public health and the concept of progress related to scientific research. Reading French and English medias, there is the feeling that France and England did not live and respond to crises in the same way. The object of this study is to try to determine in what sense food crises are national crises. Studying the media coverage of the 1985/2001 period, the author has tried to apprehend the diversity of the answers brought to these crises, not only political and economic but, cultural and human. It is a question of defining what was felt and the way in which one expressed it. Beyond stereotypes we will try to establish a traceability of emotions, to progress in the knowledge of French and English national characteristics
Basileu, Cynthia. "Modélisation structurelle des réseaux sociaux : application à un système d'aide à la décision en cas de crise sanitaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755031.
Full textGUCCIARDI, MICHEL. "La crise des previsions en equipements urbains a travers les annexes sanitaires des plans d'occupation des sols depuis la seconde guerre mondiale." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040169.
Full textThe urban plan (p. O. S. ) as a regulation document is a most essential entity when considering the sanitary engineering annexes; their contents as far as water network, public hygiene and disposal of refuses are subject to the law. A survey on actuel needs in the present situation shows that the necessary documents to be used by sanitary technicians are either ineffective or insufficiently carried out, except for a fiew important towns when networks have recently been completed. Law regulations stipulate that the responsible local authorities must give a particular attention to the management and future extension of the existing networks and projects. In most cases it seems that the law as not been enforced - there is apparently no communication between the different partners concerned, no unity, no coordination, and the annexes are only given consideration by fits and starts, etc. . . With a methodology tending to favor the p. O. S. , prospective studies on the future needs would allow rationalising the budgetary option decided by local administration
Josseran, Loïc. "Surveillance syndromique : évaluation du système mis en place en France depuis la crise de la canicule en 2003." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066191.
Full textDrouvot, Laurent. "Etude historique du droit antiterroriste français depuis 1986." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOUL0160.
Full textSince the law of September 9, 1986 on terrorism, the French public authority has adopted a very unique law to fight against a phenomenon that will be described as recurrent in French history. It was, through such a law at the time of its vote in any case to defeat the terrorist phenomenon and this at a time of political tension that it weighed on the State at the origin of this legislative creation. Tt should be noted that the law indicated was situated in a purely judicial perspective offering both a completely rigorous device in repression and also a form of benevolence if we judge by the existence of it device aimed at repentants. Both the police and the jurisdictional phase have been equipped with this law with a now robust legal apparatus capable of stemming the terrorist threat. The interest in studying the aspect of the fight against terrorism since the creation of this matrix law on which the study is based makes it possible to list after it the assertion of large number of anti-terrorist laws which have undoubtedly remodeled the vision on matter. Thus, to a system at tq.e base of its purely judicial creation and above all eminently retrospective, the evolution of the terrorist phenomenon and especially the culture of the martyr particularly in the evolution of terrorism of Middle Eastern origin, to direct the legislator under the weight dramatic events to focus more and more on the preventive aspect of the threat. This is how surreptitiously the pre-judicial phase grew to anticipate the phenomenon and where intelligence therefore flourished.Indeed, many laws have evolved towards the pre-offence aspect in order to be able to stem events even before they occur. Such a development is not neutral in guaranteeing respect for the public freedoms due to citizens, even though legislative activism on the subject does not seem to suffer from any criticism of Caesarism since it is a question of guaranteeing the protection of the people against indiscriminate violence. Such an evolution will know its consecration with the reactivation of the law of April 3, 1955 relating to the state of emergency which, at the time of Sunni terrorism which recently rocked the French nation, will lead to multiple extensions of such a derogatory regime for the management of civil liberties with all its corollaries of restrictions. The law of October 30, 2017 will then crown this return of administrative law to the fight since it will enshrine technical elements of the state of emergency in common law. The occurrence shortly after of the health crisis will greatly disrupt French democratic life in a state of permanent stress on a subject this time health of restrictions of publie freedoms once again, we will see decision-making on this subject in outside Parliament with the Defense Council. Thus, the fight against terrorism today has two paths, on the one hand the judicial aspect when the act took place as at the time of the matrix law but on the other hand above all the administrative path when it is a question of seeking the risk of a terrorist act. Both of these laws are subject to conventional and Europea law control, a situation guaranteeing a form of protection for citizens. This protection provided by what is referred to as the rule of law is currently being criticized at a time when governments are in precarious phases and have taken a liking tc sui generis legislation
Foures, Franck. "De l'urgentisation des routines à la routinisation des urgences : vieilles maladies, nouvelles crises, simples alertes." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0061.
Full textBeyond the major sanitary crises, at the turn of the 21st century a multiple of more reduced and barely politicized crises have appeared, affecting this time the regular and usual activities of the services in charge of Public Health. Rabies and meningitis are two such diseases managed routinely in an almost autonomous way by specialized administrations throughout the second half of the 20th century and which appear suddenly in the form of crises, as from 2000s. These diseases and their various episodes acquire at first a new status and appear as crises because of a redefining of the stakes which they convey by new actors on the sanitary scene or by brutal renegotiations of their property/suitability between these same actors. The very clear increase of files so made visible at the national level is accompanied by a standardization of their practices of management connected to a coverage taken on by structures and specialized actors (InVS, missions and the department of sanitary emergencies). This work studies the impact of the changes of the sanitary scene which were decided after the major crises concerning the taking on and the management of the sanitary files. It concludes in a shape of everyday acceptance or in a global dynamic of the taming of certain forms of crises by a process "of urgentisation of the routines" accompanied by a progressive "routinisation of urgencies”
Kacki, Sacha. "Influence de l’état sanitaire des populations anciennes sur la mortalité en temps de peste : contribution à la paléoépidémiologie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0058/document.
Full textFrom the 6th century onwards, plague caused recurring mortality crises in the Western world. Such epidemics hadprofound biological, cultural, economic and political impacts on European societies. Some aspects of the history ofplague epidemics are currently well known, but many questions remain unanswered, such as the preciseepidemiological pattern of the disease in ancient times. It is unclear whether plague killed people indiscriminately orwhether this disease was selective with respect to age, sex and health. This research contributes to this debate.It consists of an anthropological and paleopathological study of skeletal remains of 1090 individuals, including plaguevictims from four medieval and post-medieval burial grounds, and individuals from two parochial cemeteries in useduring periods of normal mortality. Results from the four plague-related assemblages reveal a peculiar demographicsignature. Age and sex distribution differs clearly from what is expected in non-epidemic periods, when it is shown tocorrespond closely to the demographic structure of the living population. Moreover, the study of various non-specificskeletal stress markers shows that plague victims were in a better health before they passed away than people who diedin non-epidemic periods. The results demonstrate that individuals who suffered stress and disease had a reducedchance of survival in non-epidemic periods, whereas they were not at a higher risk to die during plague epidemics.This study provides evidence that plague was not selective, and that it killed regardless of sex, age, and pre-existing health
Carvallo, Sandra. "L’identité vocationnelle des jeunes adultes dans la transition études-emploi pendant la crise sanitaire : caractérisation et liens avec l’adaptabilité de carrière et le bien-être subjectif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0480.
Full textVocational identity formation is a key developmental task for emerging adults, playing an essential role in their entry into adult life. As individuals develop their vocational identity, university and the working world help them to open and clarify their vocational identity options and development opportunities. Understanding how these contexts facilitate or hinder their professional development opportunities is essential to support the flourishing of emerging adults. By adopting a holistic-interactionist vision, this research aimed to account for the evolution of emerging adults’ vocational identity throughout the education-to-work transition and to characterize it in terms of career adaptability and subjective well-being, during the health crisis. Our sample comprised French emerging adults in education-to-work transition. Following a longitudinal approach, this research work included three measurement times. The first measurement took place at the beginning/middle of the last year of university studies, in November/December (N = 421); the second measurement was at the end of the academic year, May/June (N = 209); and the third measurement during the transition, November/December (N =147). In each measurement time, participants answered a questionnaire which assessed their vocational identity, career adaptability, subjective well-being, and perception of the influence of the health crisis on their future professional integration and well-being. The data was analyzed using a person-centered approach and considering different forms of variability. The results made it possible to confirm the presence of six vocational identity statuses among emerging adults throughout the study-to-work transition in the health crisis context. If identity development during this transition period seems to be confirmed (proportions of diffusion, moratorium and searching moratorium statuses decrease over time, while foreclosure status increase), our results highlight a certain stability of identity. 64.68% of emerging adults remained in the same identity status during the three measurements of the study. Furthermore, the constructive trajectories highlighted are characterized by a significant increase in commitment processes and a significant decrease in self-doubt and exploration in breath processes; as well as by a significant increase in all resources of career adaptability and positive affect and a significant reduction in negative affect. It has been shown that identity development goes hand in hand with growth in career adaptability and subjective well-being during the education-to-work transition. The objective of the complementary qualitative study was to explore how students perceive change processes during the education-to-work transition. Thematic analysis identified two major themes of change (“I am legitimate in my field” and “I know what I want and what I don't want”) and associated driving experiences, which related to participants feeling more confident, while also clarifying their self-perceptions and working world. Among the influencing factors, it was considered beneficial the students’ open attitude and master's internship. The presentation of six cases of different identity trajectories illustrated the retrospective experience of the education-to-work transition. The use of complementary methods made it possible to highlight the modalities of vocational identity development in the study-to-work transition and to consider perspectives in terms of future research and interventions
Cuny, Gérard. "Les crises épidémiques de l'empire romain, 27 av. J.-C. - 476 ap. J.-C." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023MON30036.
Full textMany sources attest to epidemics, and various stories refer to "plagues", generic names to designate serious epidemic infectious diseases that marked the Roman Empire. The stories that have come down to us do not or very rarely give any information on the epidemiology, symptoms, signs or evolution of the diseases responsible, but in the absence of being able to make a precise diagnosis, it seems plausible, taking into account our current knowledge, to put forward hypotheses on their nature. For each epidemic, the identification of potentially responsible pathogens, and their interactions with past populations, is carried out. Then, a research/understanding is carried out, in order to explain the appearance of the infectious disease, the dynamics of its temporal and spatial behavior, the critical size of the host populations, the importance and the effects of environmental or bioclimatic modifications which have contributed to its dissemination. To better explain these epidemic events, an inventory of medical knowledge of the time was essential: what were the conceptions that doctors had of diseases, their causes and their varieties, notions of the transmissibility of infectious diseases. The various demographic (population density, health status, migrations), socio-economic (poverty, nutritional deficiencies, human pressures on the environment), climatic and ecological factors which individually or in conjunction could favor the development of a epidemic. Finally, the perception of the epidemic risk, in its cognitive (knowledge and understanding of the risk) and emotional (feeling of the risk and behavior) dimensions, as well as the way in which the State and the populations endeavored to protect themselves or to suffer the epidemic outbreaks are considered. The Roman Empire was confronted with major epidemics, the first deadly pandemics described in history which will contribute to its weakening and indirectly to the rise of Christianity
Tran, Dien Alicia. "Génomique épidémiologique de Salmonella." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0001/document.
Full textOver a century has passed since the discovery of Salmonella and yet, this pathogen still intrigues researchers. Its ability to withstand many antibiotics is of increasing concern. The monitoring of this pathogen is based on a rapid and discriminatory typing to identify the sources of contaminated food as early as possible. The conventional methods are long, heavy and non-automatable. Understanding the emergence and evolution of Salmonella is the key to eradicate this pathogen, which has remained one of the leading causes of foodborne bacterial diarrhea in the world. During the last decades, spectacular progress has been made in the world of microbiology with the arrival of workbench sequencers, passing from a dozen to hundreds of millions of sequences processed. Facilitated access to numerous genome sequences and dedicated tools are mandatory. Tools currently available are not sufficiently discriminating for the subtype of S. enterica serotype Typhimurium, a predominant serotype of Salmonella. Throughout this study, we showed the interest of whole genome sequencing, a multidisciplinary tool, for the genomic study of Salmonella. (1) After sequencing over 300 S. enterica serotype Typhimurium genomes, we have developed an in silico subtyping tool for this serotype, based on the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) polymorphism. High-throughput microbiological monitoring of salmonellosis has been routinely validated on over 800 genomes. The study of coevolution between the chromosome (SNPs of the core genome) and the two CRISPR regions made it possible to establish a nomenclature defining the different populations of this serotype. (2) Genomic analysis of 280 historical strains of S. enterica serotype Typhimurium showed that plasmids carrying beta-lactamase genes, which confer resistance to ampicillin, were widespread within this serotype in the late 1950s, years before ampicillin was first used for clinical purposes. The presence of penicillin G in the farming environment where these compounds were used as growth promoters, may have led to the selection of the first ampicillin-resistant strains. (3) The phylogenetic study of a genome from the corpse of a young woman who died over 800 years ago, probably due to enteric fever, and 219 historical and recent genomes of the serotypes Paratyphi C, Choleraesuis and Typhisuis have shown, despite the differences in host specificity, that their genomes were very similar over the past 4000 years. Thus, the combination of genotypic and phylogenetic approaches has increased our knowledge of the evolution of this pathogen.Key words: Whole genome sequencing, epidemiological monitoring, CRISPR, SNP, antibiotic resistance, phylogeny, evolution
Borg, André. "Le monopole officinal : étude sur l’influence du monopole officinal sur l’exercice professionnel du pharmacien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0333.
Full textThe French pharmacist monopoly is a privilege with important counterparts and obligations that only a pharmacist can assume. Qualified as a pharmaceutical exception, it is intended to meet the protection of public health. Currently, the pharmacy sector is going through a deep crisis and is at a major turning point in its development. The current model seems unsuitable and obsolete to face the issues and challenges of the profession. Is it still likely to endure as it exists? Increasingly small despite ever-increasing demands, it is fragmented to such an extent that the structuring of the drug's retail distribution network has turned into an unidentified object. Hesitation between commercial activity and liberal activity, questioning of the principle of indivisibility, the pharmacist evolves within a normative framework which is no longer buoyant, not to say recessive. Subject to excesses and controversies, the French system is called into question both from a National and Community point of view. What if this questioning would not constitute an opportunity for the pharmacist rather than an inevitability?
Laporte, Sylvie. "Le double visage des inventions biotechnologiques, une source potentielle de risques majeurs." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686457.
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