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Academic literature on the topic 'Crises financières – 1800-'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crises financières – 1800-"
Cadorel, Jean-Laurent. "Essays in Economic and Financial History." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025EHES0025.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the causes and effects of financial market crises. My analysis takes place in two different historical contexts: the first part of the thesis is in the context of the Interwar period in the United States and Europe; the second part of the thesis is set in France over the long 20th century.The first chapter proves the 1929 crash was a liquidity crisis and the second chapter attempts to explain the root cause of the decrease in liquidity.Chapter 1 (published in the Economic History Review) constructs a representative database of intraday prices for the largest 80 stocks. These data allow us to see that on crisis days (October 24, 28 and 29, 1929), price declines are greatest just after the margin call hours of 11:20 and 14:20 (Figure 1.4). Prices gap down after margin call hours, they do not decline in an orderly fashion.I evidence that the crash is a liquidity crisis due to the liquidation of brokers' margin loans by applying recent estimators of effective spreads and liquidity conditions from contemporary finance literature. Various measures suggest a four-fold increase in spreads during the crash at the aggregate level. At the individual stock level, quoted bid-ask spreads suggest that liquidity explains one-fifth of the variance in daily stock returns during the crash. Chapter 2 attempts to explain the root cause of the decrease in liquidity. Why was there less liquidity and why did investors start selling their stocks triggering margin calls and a liquidation? What triggered the cascade of margin calls? The contribution of chapter 2 is to link the decline in liquidity to monetary policy through a novel international channel – the gold standard.Private telegrams between George Harrison, President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and Montagu Norman, Governor of the Bank of England, cited in Chapter 2 indicate that governors explicitly targeted the New York Stock Exchange with monetary policy shocks. The governor of the Bank of England, Montagu Norman, believed, as soon as February 1929 that the gold standard was at risk because of speculation in New York and thus contractionary monetary shocks against the New York Stock Exchange were justified. The Bank of England resorted to increase its discount rate from 5.5 to 6.5 percent on September 26, 1929. Capital and gold flowed back to core European countries and threatened the gold positions of countries on the periphery of the gold standard. As markets tested their ability to remain on the gold standard, some currencies lost their credibility and these countries' debts in New York depreciated. Archives from the Rothschilds in London and to their agents in Rio, the main financial center in South America, provide evidence of this causal mechanism.Exchange rates in the periphery of the gold standard collapsed during the crash and bond prices of periphery countries decreased significantly. Previously the literature has presented the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's actions as autonomous, isolated or in opposition to the Board. In fact, the FRBNY's tightening was in collaboration with the Bank of England. Showing this is another contribution to the literature. Chapter 3 of the thesis reconstructs the French Treasury yield curve since 1870 from bond quotations collected from the official listing in bi-weekly frequency. I then apply the Nelson & Siegel (1987) model to the zero-coupon yields I extracted from the prices. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the economic and financial history by shedding light on the 1929 crash and explaining its cause, as well as building the tools for a long-run study of bond market crises in France. These findings are hopeful because they show we can study financial crises seriously with existing methods. We can still learn from modern finance and macro-econometrics and successfully apply tools from these fields to historical contexts
Flores, Zendejas Juan Huitzilihuilt. "Lorsque le leader suit la foule : la crise Baring dans une perspective microéconomique, 1880-1890." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0019.
Full textContamin, Rémy. "Transformations des structures financières et crises : les années 1990 au regard de l'étalon-or classique, 1880-1913." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100004.
Full textUngaro, Stefano. "The relationships between money and financial markets in France. 1880-1914." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH048/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the relationship between the money market and the financial market from 1880 to 1914. It focuses in particular on the market for short-term loans. This dissertation studies in detail two segments of this market: the advances on securities (collateralized short-term loans), and the repo market (repurchase agreements). The key financial intermediaries are the Banque de France, four main commercial banks, regional banks, the « coulisse » operating over-the-counter and the « Compagnie des agents de changes ». The dissertation is structured in three chapters. The first deals with the introduction of a clearing house in the French historical repo market, and studies its consequences on counterparty risk. The second chapter deals with Bank of France monetary policy between 1890 and 1913 and the role of the banking sector in the transmission of policy shocks. The third chapter deals with the Great Financial Crisis of 1914
Book chapters on the topic "Crises financières – 1800-"
Plessis, Alain. "La Caisse des dépôts et la crise financière de 1870-1871." In Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale, 101–17. Librairie Droz, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/droz.aglan.2011.01.0101.
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