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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Criminology and Department of Neuroscience'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Hooper, Kate J. "Los Angeles School Police Department Arrest Diversion| A Process Evaluation." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10638595.

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This thesis examines the Los Angeles School Police Department’s (LASPD) arrest diversion program currently used by the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). The diversion referral program offers an alternative to arrest and citation for LAUSD students between the ages of 13 and 17 who commit minor law violations on school grounds. The goal for this collaborative program is to offer a “non-punitive” enforcement model that supports strategic problem solving and addresses the behavioral, social, and emotional needs of students and their families. Using a mixed methods approach, combining interview and survey techniques, I assess whether the program was implemented according to intended protocol and procedures. Findings from the survey and interviews suggest a lack of consistency in the assessment of juveniles’ progress along with several obstacles preventing successful outcomes for participants. The majority of officers surveyed did not believe the arrest diversion program strengthened relationships between police and participants or police and the community. This process evaluation revealed barriers to successful implementation including a lack of communication between involved parties and lack of parental involvement and follow through by participants.

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2

Wang, Xue. "Handling missing data problems in criminology :an introduction." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3570879.

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3

Cain, Debbie. "Gender within a specialist police department : an examination of the cultural dynamics of a firearms unit." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2011. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/gender-within-a-specialist-police-department(75998bda-eb53-4c31-a3a6-f9e726f7f436).html.

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This thesis examines the cultural dynamics within a specialist policing department with a particular focus on the issue of gender. It explores the experiences of a sample group of police officers working within the firearms unit of one metropolitan police force. Culture, the history of policing, specialist departments and the introduction of women are considered in order to gain an in depth understanding of the organisation. Previous research into police culture suggests masculine values remain intensely dominant, particularly within the firearms arena, ultimately creating an environment, which outwardly appears unattractive to women. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with twenty-one police officers including eleven male and ten female officers from Constable to Inspector rank. The research focused on the pre-joining experiences of the officers involved and also their personal experiences of life on the firearms unit. The study identified that the issues within the firearms unit appear not to be about gender: there was little evidence to suggest that officers within the firearms unit were treated differently or unfairly due to their gender. What was apparent was the presence of in-group/out-group distinctions, with an overwhelming desire from both genders to be accepted and to "fit-in". This has implications with regards to the research concerning occupational cultures, including police culture in particular.

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4

Hoffman, D. Scott. "Effects Department of Justice Investigations have on Violent Crime and Arrest Rates." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10842616.

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In 1994 Congress enacted the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which in part gave the Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division (DOJCRD) the power to investigate local law enforcement agencies for Constitutional and civil rights violations. Researchers have found these investigations are expensive, time consuming, and highly intrusive to a law enforcement agency. To understand how these investigations are impacting communities, data were gathered on cities with local law enforcement agencies that have experienced an investigation by the DOJCRD. Using a quasi-experimental, multiple time-series research design with a paired samples t-test, the dependent variables (violent crime and arrest rates) were analyzed for any differences before and after the introduction of the independent variable (the commencement of a DOJCRD investigation). With an established a = .05, adjusting for non-reported crime, and comparing to a non-equivalent control variable (national crime rate), the research findings indicate increased violent crime with the commencement of these investigations. The results also show that arrest rates significantly decreased indicating the possibility of de-policing. The negative impact to communities with increased violent crime rates and decreased arrest rates calls into question the efficacy of DOJCRD investigations. By supporting the recommendation for Congress to repeal this power given to the DOJCRD, this research can lead to positive social change by preventing federal government intrusion into local government that is negatively impacting communities.

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5

Engemann, Andrew Herbert. "Social Control and Morale Within the Virginia Department of State Police." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625937.

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6

Runkle, Thomas. "Penalty Enhancement Laws and the Reporting of Patient Assaults on Emergency Department Nurses." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3204.

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Assaults on emergency department nurses by patients are higher than any other occupation in the private sector. Professional nursing organizations have lobbied for penalty enhancement laws that increase the categorization of assaulting a nurse on duty from a misdemeanor to a felony. As of 2015, 32 states have implemented these laws. Yet, low assault reporting rates by nurses remains a problem, and little is known about whether penalty enhancements improved reporting rates. The purpose of this correlational study was to evaluate the impact of penalty enhancement laws on self-reporting of assault on emergency department nurses in 6 Mid-Atlantic cities. Constructs from organizational culture theory and rational choice theory were tested to determine if actions taken by nurses after assaults were influenced by the organizational culture within the hospital, by the rational choice actions of the individual nurse, or both. Data were obtained through online surveys of 107 emergency department nurses. Data included demographic information, workplace violence experiences, individual actions, and institutional actions. These data were analyzed using multiple regression. Findings indicate that rational choice actions were a significant predictor of nurse reporting behaviors of patient assaults (p <.001). Organizational practices, age, gender, and state penalty enhancement laws were not significant predictors of nurse reporting behaviors of patient assaults. Implications for social change include the development of policies and strategies to improve reporting of assaults in emergency departments. In addition, results may be used to increase awareness of policymakers on the perceived effects of penalty enhancement laws on emergency department nurses.

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7

Cui, Shan. "test of social bond theory among Chinese drug users." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3534582.

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8

Wu, Qian Huai. "Perspectives of casino staff on anti-money laundering in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3534651.

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9

King, Adrienne Jean 1973. "Urban Indians, people of color and the Albuquerque Police Department." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278663.

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This thesis is a study of the perceptions urban American Indians and people of color have toward the Albuquerque Police Department, focusing on the citizen complaint process. Analyzing these perceptions and hearing their experiences provides insight to how these peoples view their local law enforcement similarly and differently from each other and Anglos. While the issues of other peoples of color may be addressed, the needs of the indian community are rarely addressed. Without visibility and advocacy, American Indians are not represented and the issues important to them cannot be heard. Since little has been written on Indian and police relations it is possible to extrapolate from the experiences of other urban communities of color. To better understand the experiences of people of color with the Albuquerque Police Department three research methods are used: citizen complainant satisfaction surveys, interviews with citizen organizations and an individual case study.

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10

Bestolarides, Paul Andrew. "Attitudes of California Department of Corrections educators toward inmate learners." Scholarly Commons, 1993. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2647.

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Purpose of the study. The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of correctional educators in the California Department of Corrections toward their inmate learners. Procedure. A total of 228 surveys were mailed out and 156 correctional educators from the 23 correctional institutions in operation as of January 1993 responded. A systematic sampling process for selecting the survey participants, based upon a percentage or like number of vocational and academic educators, was utilized. Eight research questions were analyzed by means of one- and two-way Multivariate (MANOVA) analyses, Univariate (ANOVA) analyses, Wilks' Lambda, frequency and percentage results derived from the survey instrument. Findings. The attitudes of correctional educators seriously impact the probability of educational success as defined by breaking the cycle of recidivism by providing training and instruction to inmate learners. The data indicated that a majority of the correctional educators possess a positive attitude toward their jobs as indicated by their desire to remain in their teaching or instructional position. The data also indicated positive attitudes toward the inmate learner, and generally showed sensitivity toward inmates with learning disabilities. The data showed no relationship between gender of educator or inmate learner, or the number of years spent by the educator in either the public or private educational system to correctional educators' attitudes toward inmate learners. Implications for future research, training and educational policy development in the correctional education setting are provided.

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11

Zarro, Michael S. Jr. "A qualitative study of the Spotswood New Jersey police department?s critical infrastructure| Local police crisis management and mitigation resiliency." Thesis, New Jersey City University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3730742.

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In the aftermath of the tragic events of September 11, 2001, the role of the local police has undergone a continual expansion process that has become a vital component in safeguarding our national security. Despite numerous technological advancements in intelligence operations, the local police remains the only 24/7 emergency operations entity that is capable of gathering intelligence, investigating, mobilizing operations, and apprehending threats to our nation. With this expanded role in national security, police leadership and management is faced with increased levels of accountability, including the safeguarding of critical infrastructure in their respective jurisdictions, often without financial commitments and resources acquisitions. This qualitative study served to address the local police as a component of national security through five police chiefs’/directors’ perceptions of their roles in safeguarding critical infrastructure, examining their perceptions as they pertain to their current delivery mission model, through interviews and the development of pervasive themes. Themes from the data were well-saturated, as well as overarching, and emerged as follows: (a) critical infrastructure (CI) identification, (b) policy and patrol practice, (c) police officer knowledge, (d) technology impacts on critical infrastructure, and (e) budget. Identification regarding the relationships between local police and civil/national security, leadership/management and policy were made that suggest changes and sweeping support for future frameworks. The paper concludes with a discussion of the research, along with recommendations for policy, practice and future research.

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12

Swogger, Roxanne Michelle. "Institutional Batterer's Intervention Program Within the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1213126984.

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13

Medina, Justin C. "The Correlates of Post-Sentencing Adjustments to Supervision Length within a Local Probation and Parole Department." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/321574.

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Criminal Justice
Ph.D.
Approximately one in fifty US adults are currently under probation or parole supervision (Glaze & Kaeble, 2014). Given this prevalence, it is important to understand the correlates of probation and parole supervision arrangements and outcomes. One important outcome is supervision length adjustments, often made because of a violation revocation or discretionary supervision extension. A supervision length adjustment can result in shortened or extended supervision lengths relative to sentence expiration. Prior research has overlooked organizational and ecological correlates of many probation/parole outcomes, including supervision adjustments. This study contrasted potential supervision adjustments made four years from assignment for 12,320 male and female probationers and parolees sentenced from August 1, 2009 to July 31, 2010 in a local jurisdiction. Supervision adjustment types included on-time completion, shortened supervision, extended supervision, and ongoing or continuing supervision. This study also examined the number of additional supervision days when supervision extensions did occur. Findings showed that agency response to client behavior and organization shaped supervision length adjustments. Some differences in supervision length adjustments also emerged across subgroups of parolees and probationers, and between males and females. One important policy implication is the inequitable adjustments to supervision lengths across subgroups. Another implication is to consider how organizational structure affects adjustments to supervision lengths. Future probation and parole research should carefully consider organizational and social processes when addressing community supervision outcomes.
Temple University--Theses

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14

MacKinnon, Paul Steven. "Emergency Department Nurses' Experiences of Violent Acts in the Workplace." eScholarship@UMMS, 2009. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/14.

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Emergency department nurses are at high risk for violence in the workplace (Keely, 2002; Fernandez et al., 1998; Nachreiner et al., 2005; Mayer et al., 1999). It is estimated that between 52% and 82% of emergency nurses will experience physical violence and 100% of emergency department nurses will experience non-physical violence in their careers. Despite this fact, there are limited studies examining workplace violence among this vulnerable group (Fernandez et al., 1998; Levin et al., 1998). Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to examine the experiences of emergency department nurses with workplace violence. Levin et al.’s (2003) Ecological Occupational Model (EOHM) was used to guide this study. Four focus groups were conducted with 27 nurses who represented different types of emergency departments (rural community facility to large urban Level 1 trauma center). Results of the study suggested that the majority of participants (96%) experienced some form of work-related violence and 75% had attended at least one violence education class. The major themes of frustration and powerlessness emerged from the data. Sub themes included professional conflict while caring for violent patients, personal detachment as an emotional survival mechanisms, and feelings of victimization. Additional factors contributing to workplace violence included: personal attributes of the nurse, the workplace, and the community where the emergency department was located. These study results have potential to guide intervention development aimed at reducing workplace violence in the emergency department setting.

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15

Xia, Yi Wei. "Estimating size of illicit drug users in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335266.

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16

Rios, Brittany N. "Social Media and the Voice of the Department." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/532.

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More law enforcement agencies are adopting social media as a progressive policing strategy each year. They utilize it for several reasons including, community outreach and engagement, public relations, notifying the public of safety concerns, recruitment, intelligence gathering for investigations, among other uses (IACP, 2017). This study explores Southern California Law Enforcements’ use of social media through a survey and content analysis. First, the survey results suggest that more than 93% of departments surveyed concentrate on community outreach through their social media channels. Second, the content analysis results suggest that when media (pictures/video), links, and hashtags (#), are included in posts the more engagement will take place. The more engagement a department receives online the more their voice and message are heard. The results of this study contribute to the sparse literature dedicated to law enforcement and effective use of social media.

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17

Corbett, Erin S. ""We Been Hurt, Been Down before. When Our Pride Was Low, Lookin' at the World like 'Where Do We Go?'"| An Exploration of Educational Attainment and Post-Release Employment Outcomes for Connecticut Department of Correction Ex-Offenders." Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10287831.

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While recent research has focused on the relationship between educational attainment and recidivism for formerly incarcerated persons, less research has focused on the relationship between educational attainment/level and employment. This study employed mixed methods to examine data on post-release employment outcomes for ex-offenders from, and explore the forces that govern educational programming offered in, the Connecticut Department of Correction. For the quantitative analytics, the primary independent variable of employment was operationalized as employment status (employed/unemployed) and weekly wage. The two dependent variables were education level and race/ethnicity. Data indicate that, for the ex-offenders studied, education level varied by race, post-release employment status varied by race, the relationship between education and employment was impacted by race, yet there was no mean wage difference either by education level or race. Forces that influenced educational offerings were state budget, local job markets, inmate programs, and partnerships initiated by facility school leaders. Forces that influenced educational program participation were student mobility, custody mandates/restrictions, external partnership selection criteria, and agency practice of providing inmates with a small financial incentive for enrollment and matriculation. Forces that influenced student outcomes included extensive differentiated instruction, custody mandates/restrictions, the lack of quiet time and study space, GED exam changes in content and administration, and access to school supplies. The findings indicate an agency need for better systems of data collection and maintenance, attention to the impact of budget cuts, and attention to faculty and administrative tenure within the agency. Ultimately, the research paradigm around recidivism needs to shift to a more detailed examination of the myriad components that comprise recidivism, as opposed to simply using recidivism as the sole predictor of successful ex-offender rehabilitation.

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18

Lei, Cheng Teng. "Understanding socio-legal impact on law-making :a study on the legislation of the domestic violence act in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3570074.

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19

Guo, Yan. "review of literature on the prevalence and characteristics of child trafficking in the developing countries of Asia." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3570083.

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20

Melbardis, Dustin Robert. "An Analysis of Restorative Justice in Vermont: Assessing the Relationships Between the Attitudes of Citizens and the Practices of the Department of Corrections." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1402.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the attitudes of citizens in Vermont and the newly instated restorative justice programs of the Vermont Department of Corrections. To complete this task, 601 Vermont residents were contacted via telephone interview and asked a series of questions concerning their opinion about 3 restorative justice programs, namely reparative boards, the diversion program, and the furlough program. Bivariate analysis determined if a relationship exists between the dependent variables, restorative justice programs, and independent variables, demographic characteristics such as age and gender. Results of the analysis revealed several factors contributing to attitudes about the Vermont department of corrections, including opinions whether the courts can handle their caseloads, overall belief in the criminal justice system, and views about restorative justice programs. Future implications of these findings and recommendations for future study are also included.

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21

Lines, Rodney John. "Telecommuting, is it part of the future for the Upland Police Department?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/717.

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22

Leong, Mei Yun. "A study of juvenile delinquency and family supervision style in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2456343.

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23

Mak, Tin Chi. "Protestant influence on cognition and criminal behavior of young adults." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2456344.

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24

Zhang, Kai. "Hong Kong citizens' attitude toward hot spot policing." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2456345.

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25

Iong, Sio Hong. "Covert school bullying among school students in Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580075.

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26

Hu, Yi Ni. "Serial killers in the People's Republic of China :the origins underlying the serial killing." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3534658.

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27

Tang, Ruo Yang. "Intentional homicide in China :a study of official court verdicts." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3570105.

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28

Tobin, Martin James. "Risk Management for Persons with Serious Mental Illness: A Process Analysis of Washington State Department of Corrections' Tools." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1572238409240387.

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29

Square-Smith, DeNita R. "Police and Citizens' Perceptions of Community Policing in Richmond, Virginia." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4023.

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Community policing is an initiative that requires public cooperation and participation to be successful. Little is known, however, about police and citizens' perceptions of community policing and its impact on Richmond, Virginia neighborhoods. Using policy feedback theory as a lens, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and gain a better understanding of RPD's and Richmond citizens' perceptions of community-oriented policing strategies in Richmond neighborhoods. Research questions focused on how officers and citizens perceive the impact of community policing strategies and the specific strategies they viewed as most successful in building public trust. Data were collected from a purposeful sample of 7 police officers and 4 residents who participated in unstructured telephone interviews. Data were inductively coded and subjected to thematic analysis. Key findings revealed that both police and citizen participants believe community policing strategies have increased visibility of police and improved community trust and public support associated with crime, safety, transparency, and accountability between officers and citizens. Findings further revealed that participants believe that community policing has achieved the goal of removing barriers to community collaboration with law enforcement. Finally, officers in this study proposed the development of an additional unit focusing on government-funded housing areas in the City of Richmond with high crime rates. The results of this study contribute to positive social change by offering practical strategies and policy suggestions for stakeholders in Richmond who want to foster collaborative relationships between police officers and community members.

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30

Chen, Ze Shang. "Piracy in China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2488019.

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31

Lao, Lai Peng. "The impact of parental problem gambling on child development in Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580053.

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32

Mui, Man Cheng. "review of literature on the negative influences of violent entertainments on adolescents :recommendations for Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3570099.

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33

McElvain, James Patrick. "Domestic violence: An evaluation of policy effects on arrests for the Riverside County Sheriff's Department from 1987 to 1997." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1817.

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34

Adkins, Lydia Denise. "Oleoresin Capsicum: an Analysis of the Implementation of Pepper Spray into the Law Enforcement Use of Force Continuum in a Selected Police Department." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0608103-191129/unrestricted/AdkinsD073003f.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0608103-191129. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.

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35

Chan, Chio Weng. "The impact of personal differences on the perception of public safety among citizens in Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580065.

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36

Lo, Pui Leng. "Parental supervision, delinquent peers, and delinquency in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580071.

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37

Josi, Don Allen. "Empirical analysis and evaluation of the California Department of Youth Authority's post parole substance abuse treatment program: El Centro, California." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/612.

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38

Harrington, Thomas. "Decoding NOPD's Thin Blue Line." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2378.

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The New Orleans Police Department history dates back to the 1800’s. Since its inception, the department has been pledged by misconduct, low morale, and low public opinion. This research used Akers Social Structure, and Social learning theory or SSSL to understand the socialization process of the department and determine if the process could attribute for misconduct, the blue wall of silence, and the thin blue line. A case study was conducted in which twenty former NOPD officers on the department from 1979 to 2004 were interviewed. They were only identified by race, gender, and the number of years on the police department. The interviews were transcribed coded and two themes emerged: “Journey to Blue” and “Cop’s Eyes.” Journey to Blue, was the transformation process to become a police officer. The steps involved the hiring process, the police academy, field training officers (FTO), mentors, and the early years on the department. Cop’s Eyes was the process of seeing the world as a police officer. It was determined training, experience, and social integrity were integral parts of being able to see the world as a cop. Cop’s Eyes became the way an officer sees the world both on and off-duty, they were not able to turn it on or off. Further, it was determined, socialization changes throughout decades, socialization influences policy violations, and officers rarely if ever see corruption. The academy was the beginning of the development of cop’s eyes, and field training officers were the primary source of socialization both good and bad. Future research would involve duplicating and comparative analysis of twenty former NOPD officers who were involved in misconduct.

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39

Rios, Beverly K. "Sanctioning DUI offenders: The effect of extralegal factors on sentence severity." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1331.

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40

Tullos, Carrie Lynn. "Implementation Failure of Truancy Statutes in the Fourth Judicial Circuit of Florida: A Case Study in Street-Level Bureaucracy." UNF Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/274.

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This research utilizes the case study method to examine the effectiveness of truancy statutes recently implemented in Florida's Fourth Judicial Circuit prior to the 1999-2000 school year. The statutes were implemented state wide, but this study concentrates on the Fourth Judicial Circuit. The Fourth Judicial Circuit in Northeast Florida consists of Duval, Clay, and Nassau Counties. The legislation examined requires individual schools to conduct an initial truancy intervention when a student has accumulated 5 unexcused absences in a calendar month or 10 unexcused absences in any 90-day period. An exploratory case study was conducted that consisted of interviews with school attendance social workers, data collection from the Truancy Arbitration Program run from the State Attorney's Office in each county, and state wide attendance data. An additional Program in the Duval County State Attorney's Office was also studied. Data for three school years, one before the new statutes and two after, were analyzed to see if the implementation of these statutes was successful. The study concludes that the implementation of these new statutes by the schools in the Fourth Judicial Circuit has been a failure. This research demonstrates that the schools are conducting a fraction of the required interventions to students in need and therefore other intervention programs have had a reduction in referrals since the initial intervention in not taking place. Finally, the research also discovered that there seems to be a bias in the handling of truant females, already well documented in other jurisdictions.

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41

Jiang, An Li. "Structural inequality and production of chengguan violence in Guangzhou." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3570081.

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42

Milligan, Tracy Amanda. "People, Places, and Perspectives: An Exploration of the Contextual Effects on Gender Work Role Attitudes." UNF Digital Commons, 2005. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/261.

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This research examines possible contextual effects upon gender role attitudes in the United States related to women's employment outside ofthe household. The study included individual-level data, mother's previous work status and mother's educational attainment, not previously analyzed in a hierarchical linear model and state-level data not previously investigated, particularly state median household income. The primary analyses focus upon the contextual effects of state-level educational attainment and income. Analyzing General Social Survey data from 1994 to 2002, these contextual data were not found to have an effect upon the gender work role beliefs. In fact, none of the examined state-level variables were statistically significant in detecting contextual effects. These findings contradict earlier research, which found the proportion of religious fundamentalists within a state to have a contextual effect upon gender role attitudes.

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43

Al-walai, Somar. "Characterization of solutecarrier SLC38A6." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-203329.

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Transport across the membrane of a cell is of crucial importance for cellular functions. The solute carrier family,SLC38 is a family of membrane proteins that transports various substances through the membrane and thusperforms many physiologically important functions, for example, transport of glutamine from astrocyte toneurons in the central nervous system. In this paper, we demonstrate that one of the transporters in this familynamed SLC38A6 forms several protein complexes with a variety of proteins in the membrane and in synapticvesicles, suggesting that SLC38A6 is involved in the synaptic release of neurotransmitters in synapses. Weperformed sensitive protein interaction analysis between the protein of interest and a variety of proteinsexpressed at different sites in the neuronal cell. We showed that SLC38A6 interacts with proteins in the cellmembrane as well as in the membrane of synaptic vesicles. The current theory is that SLC38A6 interact withthese proteins when the synaptic vesicles are in close proximity with the cell membrane during the release of theneurotransmitters.

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44

Ingram, Phyllis. "Shift Rotation Among Correctional Officers as a Source of Perceived Job Related Stress." UNF Digital Commons, 1986. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/678.

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My formal hypothesis for this study is that shift rotation among correctional officers has an effect on correctional officer stress. Although there are many definitions of stress, for the purpose of this study stress is defined as conscious nervous tension. Many authors believe that stress develops from a person's reactions to certain situations that are threatening or exert pressure on them. It is felt that whatever the cause, stress depends not on the outside event but on how one reacts to it. For the purpose of this study, stress was not formally defined to the correctional officers because I was looking for perceptions of stress, or how an officer reacts to certain situations.

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45

Baum, Matthew L. "Ethical issues in the bioprediction of brain-based disorder." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9978211b-5b61-4dba-bbba-157239664b2c.

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The development of predictive biomarkers in neuroscience is increasingly enabling bioprediction of adverse behavioural events, from psychosis to impulsive violent reaction. Because many brain-based disorders can be thought of as end-states of a long development, bioprediction carries immense therapeutic potential. In this thesis, I analyse issues raised by the development of bioprediction of brain-based disorder. I argue that ethical analysis of probabilities and risk information bioprediction provides is confounded by philosophical and social structures that have, until recently, functioned nominally well by assuming categorical (binary) concepts of disorder, especially regarding brain-disorder. Through an analysis of the philosophical concept of disorder, I argue that we can and ought to reorient disorder around probability of future harm and stratify disorder based on the magnitude of risk. Rejection of binary concepts in favour of this non-binary (probability-based) one enables synergy with bioprediction and circumnavigation of ethical concerns raised about proposed disorders of risk in psychiatry and neurology; I specifically consider psychosis and dementia risk. I then show how probabilistic thinking enables consideration of the implications of bioprediction for two areas salient in mental health: moral responsibility and justice. Using the example of epilepsy and driving as a model of obligations to protect others against risk of harm, I discuss how the development of bioprediction is poised to enhance moral responsibility. I then engage with legal cases and science surrounding a predictive biomarker of impulsive violent reaction to propose that bioprediction can sometimes rightly diminish responsibility. Finally, I show the relevance of bioprediction to theories of distributive justice that assign priority to the worse off. Because bioprediction enables the identification of those who are worse off in a way of which we have previously been ignorant, a commitment to assign priority to the worse off requires development of and equal access to biopredictive technologies.

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Stidd, Megan D. "Student Perceptions of the University of North Texas Campus Police." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157544/.

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Numerous studies have been conducted to determine predictors of perceptions and attitudes toward police. Less effort has been spent on determining university and college students' perceptions of campus police departments. The purpose of this thesis was to fill this gap in the literature with an added emphasis on exploring potential differences in perceptions between students involved in Greek Life organizations and students not involved in Greek Life organizations. Prior literature found that Greek Life students engage in risk-taking behaviors at higher rates than their counterparts, so it was hypothesized that Greek Life students would have higher levels of distrust in the campus police due to their increased engagement in risk-taking behaviors. The survey questionnaire measuring trust and procedural justice/legitimacy perceptions of campus police was distributed through convenience sampling to university students. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariate analyses were utilized to analyze the data. The results showed that students overall had positive perceptions of campus police, that Greek Life students had more negative perceptions of the campus police than non-Greek Life students, and that students with prior interactions with the campus police were more likely to perceive the police to be less procedurally just/legitimate. Race/ethnicity was not found to be a predictor in perceptions of trust or procedural justice/legitimacy of the campus police. Limitations, policy implications, and suggestions for future research concerning student perceptions of campus police were also discussed.

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47

Phillips, Catharine. "Prisoner, prison and situational characteristics and their relationship with the prevalence, incidence and type of prison offending recorded by a sample of prisoners within Western Australian prisons." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2163.

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The importance that researchers and prison administrators have placed on ensuring that the good governance, security and safety of prisons are maintained has generated a number of studies of prison offending. Previous studies have identified several prisoner, prison and situational characteristics as relevant in regard to their relationship with the prevalence, incidence and type of prison offences committed. However, no studies have been conducted in Australia, and therefore no studies have included Aboriginal prisoners in their prisoner samples. In addition, the differences in regard to legislation pertaining to prison offending between jurisdictions is also of importance when considering the generalisability of the body of research available on the subject. The present study involved the examination of the relationship between several prisoner and prison characteristics and the prevalence and incidence of prison offending, and several prisoner, prison and situational characteristics and the types of prison offences committed by male, female, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal prisoner samples. The prevalence, incidence and type of prison offences were examined within and across all adult prison facilities in Western Australia, and included all adult prisoners who had spent the full 12-month study period in prison within Western Australia. Logistic regression and multiple regression analyses revealed that several prisoner and prison characteristics were significantly related to with the prevalence and incidence of prison offending, while logistic regression analyses revealed that several prisoner, prison and situational characteristics were significantly related to the type of prison offences committed by male, female, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal prisoners included in the prisoner sample. The present study provides a useful addition to the existing body of research due to it being the first of its kind to include Aboriginal prisoners in an Australian context. The present study also provides generalisable findings to other Australian prisoner populations, and may prove to be of practical importance to other Australian jurisdictions, particularly those where the overrepresentation of Aboriginal people is of an extent similar to that of Western Australia. Practical interventions informed by the findings of the present study may help to reduce the prevalence and incidence of prison offending, and the severity of such offending, which may subsequently improve the security of prisons, the safety of staff, prisoners and visitors, and reduce the financial implications for prison systems, governments and taxpayers in respect of compensation for injured prison staff, prisoners or visitors, costs associated with the rectification of damage caused by prisoners, and costs associated with the administrative processes relating to the progression of formal prison charges.

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48

"Exploring the Impact of Department Policy on TASER-Proximate Arrest Related Deaths." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14695.

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abstract: The controversy over law enforcement use of TASER devices and the potential for the devices to cause death has proliferated in recent years. In 2005 the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) and International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) published national-level policy guidelines for the use of TASER devices, with one of the goals being to reduce the occurrence of deaths proximal to their use. What remains unknown in regard to these guidelines is whether or not departments that adhere to these guidelines are experiencing fewer TASER-proximate arrest related deaths (ARDs) than departments who are not. This study seeks to determine preliminary answers to this question by conducting a comparison of the policies of departments with three or more TASER-proximate ARDs to a matched sample of police departments that deploy the TASER, but have no (or one to two) TASER-proximate ARDs. The departments were matched on the number of full time sworn officers, geography (region, division, or state), and department type. Once matched, all department policies were coded based on how closely they adhered to the following areas of PERF and IACP guidelines: use of force against vulnerable/at risk populations, policies governing the TASER device deployment, training, reporting, and post-exposure requirements. Study departments, when compared to matched departments, had a greater number of policy areas with higher failure to comply rates. The same was true when looking at the category totals, as well as the overall totals, with the difference in failure to comply rates being larger for PERF than IACP. These findings show an association between departments with three or more TASER-proximate ARDs and higher failure to comply rates with national model policies. Additionally, it appears that many departments are failing to heed research findings or advice from outside their department. Based on this, future research may want to address the ways in which greater compliance with national policies can be obtained nationwide.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Criminology and Criminal Justice 2012

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"On-Officer Video Cameras: Examining the Effects of Police Department Policy and Assignment on Camera Use and Activation." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.24986.

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abstract: On-officer video camera (OVC) technology in the field of policing is developing at a rapid pace. Large agencies are beginning to adopt the technology on a limited basis, and a number of cities across the United States have required their police departments to adopt the technology for all first responders. Researchers have just begun to examine its effects on citizen complaints, officers' attitudes, and street-level behavior. To date, however, there is no research examining how departmental policy and assignment of officers to a camera program affect officer behavior and opinions of the cameras. Policy and assignment have the potential to impact how officers react to the technology and can affect their interactions with citizens on a daily basis. This study measures camera activations by line officers in the Mesa Police Department during police-citizen encounters over a ten-month period. Data from 1,675 police-citizen contacts involving camera officers were subject to analysis. Net of controls (i.e., the nature of the crime incident, how it was initiated, officer shift, assignment, presence of bystanders and backup, and other situational factors), the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine how departmental policy (mandatory versus discretionary activation policy) and officer assignment (voluntary versus mandatory assignment) affected willingness to activate the cameras, as well as officer and citizen behavior during field contacts.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Criminology and Criminal Justice 2014

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"Phoenix Police Department Intelligence Officers: Roles, Perceptions and Effectiveness." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44030.

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abstract: Intelligence, consisting of critical products that facilitate law enforcement decision-making, is a crucial component and tool in the criminal justice system. However, the ways in which intelligence is gathered and used has gone largely unevaluated, particularly at the local level of law enforcement. This thesis begins to address the sparsity of literature by investigating the Intelligence Officer function in the Phoenix Police Department. More specifically, this study explores their roles; perceptions on information they are gathering, namely reliability and validity; and their effectiveness in terms of both intelligence and case successes. Different aspects of roles and perceptions are also examined in terms of their ability to predict these outcomes. Data reflect a 22-month sample of officer reports from the Phoenix Police Department Intelligence Officer Program. Descriptive analyses suggest that Intelligence Officers typically work specific cases with varied and different natures of crime. Generally, officers seem to be confident in the information they collect in terms of reliability and validity, and also appear to be relatively successful in achieving both broad intelligence successes and more tangible case successes. However, the relationships between role and perception variables and results vary in terms of both impact and significance for each type of success. Future research is required to better understand these relationships and to continue building a foundation of knowledge on Intelligence Officer effectiveness, so their impact can be optimized.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2017

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