Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Criminological'
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Shannon, David. "Swedish graffiti : a criminological perspective /." Stockholm : Department of criminology, University of Stockholm, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39240844m.
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Wang, Shu-Neu. "Testing criminological theories in an Oriental society." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184313.
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Using Taiwanese data this dissertation attempts to test five criminological theories against one another. Alternative models are derived from social control, strain, differential association, power-control, and conflict theories to obtain a critical test. Furthermore, social control, strain, differential association, and power-control theories assume the causes of official delinquency will be the same as the causes of self-reported delinquency. Conflict theory, focusing on judicial judgements, has been applied mainly to official delinquency. Various statistical techniques--crosstabulation, Pearson correlation, factor analyses, logit regression, ordinary least squares regression, and Chi-squares difference test computed from EQS--are used to identify the equations. These five theories are presumed to apply in the entire sample and in a male sample. The data show that social control theory and conflict theory are partly supported, but differential association, power control and strain theories are not. The best fitting model suggested in this analysis for an Asian society is comparable to prior models found in studies in the United States and Canada.
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Van, Velzen Frances Anne. "Fear of crime : a socio-criminological investigation." Thesis, University of Zululand, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1151.
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Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1998.Each individual's personal security is basic to the quality of life of a community. If the quality of life is affected by crime or the fear of criminal victimisation, then both crime and the fear of crime should be viewed as a social problem. The fear of crime is the focus point of this study as it produces changes in the lifestyle of the individual and the functioning of the community. Fear of crime generates feelings of anxiety, general mistrust, alienation and suspicion. At a social level, it can lead to a break down of social cohesion, the curtailment of normal activities and an unwillingness to help others. The study aims at bridging the gap in our substantive knowledge regarding the fear of crime. Through the use of a questionnaire, the study further seeks to establish the following: * Statistically measure and describe the nature and extent of fear of crime. * Determine the factors affecting fear of crime. * Account for the differences and variations in the fear of crime according to age, gender, household composition and type of housing, previous victimisation, crime as a social problem, role of the police and community neighbourhood involvement. * Make non-prescriptive recommendations for the prevention of criminal victimisation that might directly influence the quality of life. Research techniques employed in the study included the following: * Literature study of research done on the fear of crime covering the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s. * A structured questionnaire consisting of demographicai information and questions pertaining to the factors influencing fear of crime. * Non-probability sampling techniques. * Statistical techniques to test the reliability of the measuring instrument and ten formulated hypotheses. The findings of the study indicate the following: (a) Age is related to fear of crime. (b) Gender is the strongest predictor of fear. (c) Household composition* is related to the fear of crime. (d) No significant differences were found between the type of housing respondents live in and fear of crime. (e) In general, people who have been previously victimised are more fearful of crime then those who have not. (f) Concern about crime and fear of crime are related issues, as people who are concerned about crime, generally fear crime. (g) The role of the police has not proved to be a significant factor influencing the fear of crime of respondents. (h) Neighbourhood involvement tends to reduce levels of the community's fear of crime. The following non-prescriptive recommendations are made: * Improvement of the image of the South African Police Service (SAPS) is a necessity to foster confidence in and respect for policing. * Increased role visibility of the police. * Promotion of effective Neighbourhood Watch Programmes. * Active involvement of citizens in community policing forums.
University of Zululand and CSD
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Higgs, Tamsin. "Sexual murderers : psychological and criminological factors in diverse types." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39804/.
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Studies of sexual murder are abundant, but an empirically supported understanding of this type of crime and its perpetrators is limited in important ways. The overall aim of this thesis was to work towards a theoretical model recognising that sexual murder is a heterogeneous concept. Also, the thesis aimed to understand sexual murder in the wider context of sexual aggression against adult women. First, a systematic review was conducted to clarify the existing typologies of sexual murder. Three consistently observed subtypes were found. These were labelled sexualised murder, grievance murder, and rape murder. A behaviour that could be used to differentiate groups was post mortem sexual interference (PMSI), indicative of sexualised murder. Subsequently, a study was conducted comparing subgroups of sexual murderers (those who had engaged in PMSI, and those who had not), and rapists, on developmental factors, adult lifestyle, and criminal career. The main finding was that the groups responded differently to early adversity. Difficulties with social and sexual relationships leading to the development of sadistic interests, as opposed to pervasive antisociality, distinguished PMSI sexual murderers from rapists, while non-PMSI sexual murderers were largely similar to rapists. However, although the role of psychopathy in sexual aggression is debated, no group was strongly characterised by psychopathy in the present study. A secondary study was conducted to verify that this finding was not associated with limitations in the assessment tool used (the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version [PCL: SV]; Hart, Cox, & Hare, 1995). Good psychometric properties were found. Next, a case study demonstrated the functional heterogeneity of the act of killing under the broadly defined term ‘sexual murder’, and highlighted the importance of this in forensic case formulation and intervention. Finally, drawing on the findings of the present research, a new model of sexual murder is proposed to address some of the issues discussed in this thesis.
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Wallace, Rich A. "Modern English Football Hooliganism: A Quantitative Exploration in Criminological Theory." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30052.
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Studies of football hooliganism have developed in a number of academic disciplines, yet little of this literature directly relates to criminology. The fighting, disorderly conduct, and destructive behavior of those who attend football matches, especially in Europe has blossomed over the past thirty years and deserves criminological attention. Football hooliganism is criminal activity, but is unique because of its context specific nature, occurring almost entirely inside the grounds or in proximity to the stadiums where the matches are played.
This project explores the need for criminological explanations of football hooligans and their behavior based on literature which indicates that subcultural theories may be valuable in understanding why this behavioral pattern has become a preserve for young, white, working-class males. This study employs Albert Cohen's (1955) theory of subcultural delinquency to predict the hooligan activities of young, white, working-class males. West and Farrington's longitudinal study, the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development provides a wealth of data on numerous topics, including hooliganism, and is used to explore the link between hooliganism and criminological theory. The running hypothesis, grounded in Cohen's theory of subcultural delinquency, is that the less middle-class the youths are in their values the more likely they will be to engage in football hooliganism.
Cohen initially identified a locus of nine middle-class values: ambition, individual responsibility, achievement and performance, delayed gratification, rationality and planning, etiquette and the cultivation of social skills, self-control, wholesome leisure, and respect for property. These middle-class values have been modified into a shorter set of values; constructive leisure, acceptable conduct, self-reliance, and success, that are more mutually exclusive and easier to test empirically. Scales were constructed for each dimension of the modified version of Cohen's middle-class values using factor analysis with orthogonal rotation. Each scale then underwent reliability analysis using Chronbach's alpha. From there the scales for the middle-class values, the dependent variable of football hooliganism, and controls were tested using both bivariate and multivariate procedures. Results indicate that these modified middle-class values may be an important explanatory factor for football hooliganism.Ph. D.
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Al, Mutawa Noora Ahmad Khurshid. "Integrating behavioural analysis within the digital forensics investigation process." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2018. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/25412/.
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This programme of research focused on incorporating Behavioural Analysis (BA) within the digital forensics investigation process. A review of previously developed digital forensics investigation models indicated a lack of sufficient consideration of the behavioural and motivational dimensions of offending, and the way in which digital evidence can be used to address these issues during the investigation process. This programme of research aimed to build on previous work by scientific researchers and investigators by developing a digital forensics investigation model which incorporates greater consideration of the behavioural and motivational implications of case-related digital evidence based on current theoretical understandings of these aspects of offending from forensic psychology. This can aid with understanding of the crime events and reconstruction, and lead to the development of more detailed models and guidelines for examining computer-facilitated interpersonal crimes. The first study employed an abductive approach to forensically analyse individual cases (real cases obtained from the Dubai Police archives) applying BA to the online Sexually Exploitative Imagery of Children (SEIC) and cyberstalking. Its aim was to investigate what BA could contribute to the digital forensics investigation of cases within these crime categories. It identified five benefits: (1) providing focus, speed and investigative directions, (2) inferring victim/offender behaviours, (3) inferring offender motivation(s), (4) identifying potential victims, and (5) eliminating suspects. This was followed by a survey study empirically examining the perceptions of national and international digital forensics practitioners regarding the use and utility of BA during the process of investigating SEIC and cyberstalking cases. The results indicated that while the majority believed that BA has potential to contribute to many aspects of digital forensics investigations, their daily investigative activities involved a limited use of this technique. The implications of the study were outlined, and emphasised the need to design a digital forensics investigation model that provides guiding steps and illustrations on how to utilise BA in digital forensics investigations. Based on the findings from the conducted studies, a digital forensics investigation model that incorporates aspects of BA was designed. It aimed to provide a pragmatic, structured, multidisciplinary approach to performing a post mortem examination, analysis, and interpretation of the content of the digital devices associated with computer-facilitated interpersonal crimes. Two comprehensive case studies were also used to illustrate the investigative importance of the model in investigating computer-facilitated interpersonal crimes.
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Breski, Robert. "Crime Concentration in Sweden : An Explorative Test of a Criminological Law." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för kriminologi (KR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43706.
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According to the law of crime concentration, a certain percentage of crime is predicted to be concentrated at a certain percentage of microgeographic units, and relatively large amounts of crime are predicted to be accounted for by a small percentage of places. Given the lack of research testing the law in a Swedish context and for a whole country, this study set out to examine the concentration of crime at all densely populated areas in Sweden. Analyzing national grid net data, where all densely built-up areas of Sweden were divided into 250 x 250 meter pixels with added police recorded crime data, the study aimed to examine how many percent of the pixels are required to account for 25, 50 and 80% of the crimes in all densely populated areas; how the concentrations differ between small, medium-sized and big cities; how the concentrations differ between violent and property crimes in all of the country; and how an observed crime concentration compares to a counterfactual, randomized concentration. The results indicated a crime concentration that is stronger than the ones observed in most previous studies, with just 0.4, 2.3 and 10.2% of the pixels accounting for 25, 50 and 80% of all crimes in all densely populated areas, respectively. In line with previous research, the results also showed that crime is more strongly concentrated in smaller cities compared to the big ones, that violent crime is more strongly concentrated than property crime, and that the observed concentration of violent crime is considerably stronger than a counterfactual, randomized concentration in the form of a Poisson distribution. Further research on crime concentration in Sweden is requested to build on these findings.
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Breen, Clairissa D. "TESTING CRIMINOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF HATE GROUPS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/209545.
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Criminal JusticePh.D.
The purpose of this dissertation is to employ simulation modeling to test theories of group formation as they pertain to hate groups: groups whose hate ideology may or may not condone violent criminal behavior. As of 2010, there were 1002 hate groups known to be active in the United States. Previous examinations of hate groups have assumed formation. This dissertation uses simulation modeling to test Hamm's (2004) criminological theory of collective hate and Weber's (1947) socio-political theory of charismatic leadership. Simulation modeling is designed to create a computer simulation that simplifies people and their interactions to mimic a real world event or phenomena. Three different experiments were tested using five models of hate group formation. These experiments test the importance of personal and societal levels of hate in group formation and the influence of charismatic leadership. These experiments also tested hypotheses regarding the number of groups that form, the speed of formation and group size. Data to test these hypotheses was collected from fifteen thousand model iterations. All three models successfully generated hate groups. Hate groups were generated at all levels of societal hate. An in-depth understanding of how hate groups form may assist in slowing the proliferation of these groups and decreasing their appeal.
Temple University--Theses
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Hosseyndoust, Foomany Farbod. "Analysis of voiceprint and other biometrics for criminological and security applications." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2010. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9635/.
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This Thesis examines the role and limitations of voice biometrics in the contexts of security and for crime reduction. The main thrust of the Thesis is that despite the technical and non-technical hurdles that this research has identified and sought to overcome, voice can be an effective and sustainable biometric if used in the manner proposed here. It is contended that focused and continuous evaluation of the strength of systems within a solid framework is essential to the development and application of voice biometrics and that special attention needs to be paid to human dimensions in system design and prior to deployment. Through an interdisciplinary approach towards the theme reflected in the title several scenarios are presented of the use of voice in security / crime reduction, crime investigation, forensics and surveillance contexts together with issues surrounding their development and implementation. With a greater emphasis on security-oriented voice verification (due to the diversity of the usage scenarios and prospect of use) a new framework is presented for analysis of the reliability and security of voice verification. This research calls not only for a standard evaluation scheme and analytical framework but also takes active steps to evaluate the prototype system within the framework under various conditions. Spoof attacks, noises, coding, distance and channel effects are among the factors that are studied. Moreover, an additional under-researched area, the detection of counterfeit signals, is also explored. While numerous technical and design contributions made in this project are summarised in chapter 2, the research mainly aims to provide solid answers to the high-level strategic questions. The Thesis culminates in a synthesis chapter in which realistic expectations, design requirements and technical limitations of the use of voice for criminological and security applications are outlined and areas for further research are defined.
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Piamonte, Stephanie. "The Criminological Imagination: Mills, Reflexive Analysis, & Richard Wright's "Native Son"." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28780.
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The promise of Mills's (1959) classic sociological imagination for criminology is revisited and assumptions about the adequacy and usefulness of fiction in terms of its analytical and explanatory potential are challenged. The criminological imagination, as a quality of mind, analytic framework and method of knowledge production, provides an ideal meta-framework with which to consider fiction. The theories of Jack Katz (1988) and the symbolic interactionists further develop Mills's concept of biography, while the Birmingham School (Clarke, Hall, Jefferson, & Roberts, 2006) expands on Mills's concept of society; integrating these within the meta-framework of the criminological imagination produces a reflexive analysis of Native Son, a classic novel by Richard Wright (2005). In so doing, fiction is demonstrated to be a legitimate object of criminological inquiry that challenges criminological conventions, clarifies and critiques criminological concepts, and creates and communicates criminological knowledge.
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Yue, Xiao Fan. "A literature review on the criminological analysis of ponzi schemes in China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953640.
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Matallana-Villarreal, Jairo Alberto. "Countermapping state crime : a cultural criminological exploration of arbitrary conscription in Bogotá." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/63886/.
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This thesis examines recruitment operations carried out by Colombian military forces, in violation of legal standards and constitutional rights. The most common practice used to be batidas militares, or arbitrary detentions with the purpose of conscription. Every year hundreds if not thousands of youths were caught off-guard in street round-ups; transported - often in trucks- to military units; and hastily assigned to battalions across the country to complete their military service. Until recent times these recruitment practices were systematically implemented despite the fact that UN bodies, domestic courts, and non-state actors had denounced their harmfulness and illegality. Cultural criminology serves as a general framework to conduct the analysis of arbitrary conscription in Colombia, understanding crime and crime control as cultural constructions intersected by power relations. This framework guides the main questions of this project, i.e. the historical and cultural factors that enable arbitrary conscription, how this practice shaped youths' experience in public space, the underpinning official discourse, and the strategies society adopts to cope with it, from normalisation to resistance. Fieldwork to support the analysis was jointly conducted under a participatory action research approach with conscientious objection and anti-militarist collectives in Bogotá. Using a mixed- methods design, this thesis combines geovisualisation and participatory spatial data analysis with participant observation and in-depth interviews. This choice of methods enables a broad quantitative description with an in-depth qualitative explanation of this concealed practice. This thesis reveals that arbitrary conscription is a long-standing practice rooted in colonial institutions and the militaristic construction of nationhood in Colombia. Such historical examination shows that state violence perpetrated by military forces has endured and coexists today with a protective democratic juridical framework. Arbitrary conscription is conceptualised simultaneously as a state crime and a policing technique. On the one hand, this thesis proves that arbitrary conscription is a state crime by all relevant criteria - it is a (i) systematic (ii) violation of human rights (iii) responding to state goals, with (iv) clear victimisation patterns and (v) enabled by a complicity network of state agencies. On the other hand, arbitrary conscription also functions as an informal policing technique that serves purposes of social control, disciplining and indoctrination of working-class youth. The polyvalent nature of arbitrary conscription illustrates the way certain security practices in disjunctive democracies trespass the boundaries between control and crime. Arbitrary conscription is a dynamic phenomenon constantly reconfigured by competing narratives and forces of normalisation, resistance and denial. This study deepens the understanding of state violence normalisation and its linkages with militarist values; develops a definition of resistance as a project of autonomy; and illustrates reactions of state agents to social controls that include criminal refinement, discursive denial and moral neutralisation techniques. The analysis suggests that whereas the practice of military round- ups may be discontinued in the near future, underlying state abuse and violence for arbitrary conscription may persist in subtler and more sophisticated forms. A major contribution of this thesis is the proposition of countermapping crime as a pragmatic strategy to unveil crimes of the powerful and make visible widespread harms. Going beyond the usual critique of crime maps as instruments of control with hidden political agendas, this thesis suggests that critical criminology can re-engage with geography to conduct refined and culturally informed spatial analysis. Key features of countermapping crime include (i) the conceptual expansion of crime to include social harms, (ii) the reliance on qualitative and participatory GIS to conduct data collection and analysis, and (iii) the use of socio-cultural theoretical frameworks that complement opportunity theories. This strategy is much more than a desk-based cartographic exercise. It is anchored in a transformative research paradigm entailing the participatory creation of spatial narratives that contest official discourses, the execution of spatial practices of place claiming, and the critical assessment and interpretation of visual readings of maps. Countermapping crime opens possibilities for criminology dealing with space and place by using participatory action- oriented methodologies.
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Mujica, Jaris, and Diego Tuesta. "Construction problems of criminological indicators and comparative situation of femicide in Peru." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/78895.
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Siguiendo la tendencia de otros países de la región, el feminicidio —el asesinato de mujeres por razones de género— ha sido incorporado en la legislación peruana como un tipo penal. Dicha inclusión es resultado del interés del Estado y las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en producir políticas dirigidas a reducir la violencia de género, y ha marchado en correlato a un discurso sobre «el aumento del feminicidio» y a la aparición sistemática de noticias mediáticas e informes oficiales que advierten sobre su crecimiento exponencial. Este artículo muestra la situación del feminicidio en el Perú a través de una perspectiva comparada. El objetivo es dar cuenta de la incidencia del feminicidio en términos sociométricos y mostrar que no se trata de un fenómeno en crecimiento exponencial en términos epidemiológicos. Esto en función de reconocer dos problemas: por un lado, la manera de construir indicadores para cifras de registro criminal y sus formas de medición; por otro, para dar cuenta de la importancia de este fenómeno en una estructura de violencia más compleja y extendida.Like other countries in the region, femicide—the gender-based murdering of women—has been incorporated into Peruvian law as a criminal offense. This inclusion is the result of the government and civil society organizations interest in producing policies aimed at reducing gender-based violence, and it has emerged as a result of a debate regarding «the increase in femicide» and the systematic appearance of media stories and official reports warning of an exponential growth. This article focuses upon the problem of femicide in Peru through a comparative approach. The aim is to account for the incidence of femicide in sociometric terms and demonstrate that this is not a phenomenon of exponential growth in epidemiological terms. This is achieved through the recognition of two issues: on the one hand, the way indicators are produced for criminal record figures and the ways these are measured; and on the other hand, through recognition of the importance of the significance of this phenomenon within a more complex and broader structure of violence.
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Lekgau, Khomotso. "A Criminological study of non-compliance with selected licensing conditions of tavens." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1564.
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Thesis (M. A. (Criminology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015The study was aimed at analysing the non-compliance of tavern operators with selected licensing conditions of taverns in Mankweng Area, Limpopo Province. Tavern operators were randomly sampled for the study. A quantitative research approach was used and questionnaires were administered for data collection. The findings revealed that tavern operators do not comply with the licensing conditions as stipulated in the Liquor Act, no 27 of 1989. The most contravened conditions include trading beyond stipulated times and allowing minors into the licensed premises. However, there is a need to study the perceptions of the tavern operators with regard to the licensing conditions of taverns. The researcher recommended that the community should co-operate with the Liquor Board in the effective prevention of the non-compliance of the tavern operators.
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Kelly, Laura. "Silent punishment : the experiences of d/Deaf prisoners." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19951/.
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While studies about minority group prisoners are becoming more commonplace in prison research, knowledge about the experiences of hard of hearing (HoH) and d/Deaf prisoners remains limited. A primary aim of this thesis is to provide a more comprehensive understanding about the lives of HoH/d/Deaf people in prisons throughout England and Wales than what is already available, and to explore existing claims that d/Deaf prisoners suffer disproportionately whilst in custody. In order to do this a qualitative methodology is adopted, with semi-structured interviews being carried out with HoH, severely deaf and profoundly Deaf prisoners, and staff members across seven prisons in England, and observations being made at each establishment. This thesis shows that in an environment like prison, those who are seen as ‘different’ often become institutionally deficient. While this could apply to many different subsections of prison populations, findings presented throughout show that the difference of d/Deafness is unique because sound rules in prison, with penal regimes being reliant on sound in order to run. However, d/Deafness, it is shown, is not merely a lack of hearing, and on the contrary there are different levels and layers of d/Deafness. Consequently, how a d/Deaf person experiences prison depends strongly on the way in which they identify with their d/Deafness and the way their d/Deafness is viewed by the prison. Despite such differences, findings suggest that there is little room for either deafness or Deafness in prison, with HoH/deaf and particularly Deaf prisoners often experiencing the pains of imprisonment more severely than their hearing peers as a result the Prison Service's inability to accommodate such difference. This thesis makes an original and significant contribution to existing knowledge for a myriad of reasons. Firstly, it fuses together the fields of Deaf Studies and prison studies in a way that has not been done before, and considers d/Deafness on both an audiological and cultural level. In doing this, it notes the similarities and differences between the experiences of those who are HoH, those who are severely deaf, and those who are culturally and linguistically Deaf; giving meaningful consideration to the role of imported identity in prison. Secondly, excluding small-scale unpublished undergraduate dissertations, it is the first empirical study about d/Deaf prisoners in England and Wales to carry out face-to-face interviews with these prisoners. Finally, as the most in-depth research yet to be carried out about HoH/d/Deaf prisoners in England and Wales, this thesis provides a level of insight which has not been available previously.
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Barr, Una Mairead. "Voicing desistance : female perspective on giving up crime." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20458/.
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Criminological theory and research has historically focused on explaining how people get into crime and much less on how and why they stop, despite the perennial finding that most of those with convictions do eventually stop offending. The very meaning of ‘desistance’ however has been much contested, yet has broadly been linked with themes such as maturity, adult social bonds, agency, identity and hope (Bottoms et al, 2004). Even more concerning, however, is the further marginalisation of already marginalised groups within the vast majority of desistance literature. The bulk of research in this area can be noted for the salience of the white, male perspective of offending trajectories. By revisiting maturational, social bonds and subjective theories of desistance through the eyes of women traveling desistance journeys, as well as considering current criminal justice approaches, this thesis gives a female voice to desistance research. The methodology which informs this work is observation research and individual narrative interviews of females with convictions. I argue for a feminist approach to desistance, which recognises that a huge proportion of women in the CJS stem from backgrounds of abuse, economic disadvantage and alcohol, drug and mental health issues. Yet we must move away from the dichotomy of narratives of victimisation and survival and recognise that women have agency. We must challenge the neo-liberal and patriarchal approach to desistance which promotes women's role as care givers and unpaid volunteer workers. Women's desistance can challenge neo-liberal, patriarchal constructs much in the same way that women's offending often does.
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Gunter, Whitney D. "Piracy of the new millennium an application of criminological theories to digital piracy /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 184 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885755761&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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McKie, Ruth. "Rebranding the climate change counter movement through a criminological and political economic lens." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2018. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/33466/.
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The climate change counter movement (CCCM) has been the focus of social scientists and environmental activists for several years (e.g. Greenpeace). The movement is made up of an organised group of actors that have campaigned, distorted and minimised the impacts of climate change, and criticised domestic and international level policy to remedy climate change. The purpose of this study is to add to this area of investigation having located 465 CCCM organisations across the globe. To examine the CCCM I adopt a two-part theoretical framework synthesising a perspective from the political economic and sociology of crime and deviance literatures. First, I propose that the operation of CCCM organisations can be explained through a Gramscian lens of Hegemony. Second, I propose the messages adopted by CCCM organisation can be understood through a crime and deviance lens. Specifically, I propose these messages can be rebranded as CCCM neutralisation techniques. I conducted a content analysis of 805 documents taken from these organisations to see if CCCM organisations adopted messages that could be rebranded as techniques of neutralisation. I then conducted a cross-national analysis to (1) predict the number of organisations, and (2) predict the use of neutralisation techniques across countries. A series of negative binomial regression and ordinary least squared regression equations to test whether political, economic, and ecological factors can explain the number of CCCM organisations across countries and the messages they adopt. These results reveal strong support for the notion that CCCM organisations operate and use CCCM neutralisation techniques to protect fossil fuel hegemony against climate action. Several techniques of neutralisation are used to justify the continued use of fossil fuels and rationalise the ecological consequences to help sustain support for the hegemonic global capitalist economy. Moreover, CCCM organisations operate to challenge the rise of environmentalism.
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Goodale-Sussen, Gemma. "The town, the prison, and the collection: the case for a criminological modernism." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6746.
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Drawing on criminological history, visual studies, modernist scholarship, sociological treatises, and theories of archives and collection, this study proposes that literary texts of the early twentieth century approached the problem of knowing and representing others through collections. Inspired by the supposed divide between the city and the small town, modernist writers depict—but also resist—a vision of the group and the individual as inscrutable. The criminological apparatus of the turn of the century attends to both urban and provincial modes of existence, promising the small circles, close study of individuals, and knowability of the small town while also acceding to the urban vision of people in vast unknowable quantities and a perpetual psychic distance from others. Criminology was positioned, and positioned itself, as decidedly modern in its data-driven approach to managing the presumed unknowability of the individual and the group.
The texts in this study continually grapple with accessing individual identity amidst the masses of modern humanity, and articulate this struggle through representation of small groups, circles, and coteries. It is through the enclosed set of people that Sherwood Anderson, Gertrude Stein, and Carl Van Vechten demonstrate a fixation on both the individual and the group, and the relationship between the two. Their literary output and personal associations—which center on observation, portraiture, and collection—are fundamentally criminological in their efforts to negotiate the distance and intimacy of modern life.
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Bukky, Molly. "Urban and Rural Adolescent Drug use and its Relationship with Classic Criminological Theories." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1491988076561329.
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Deane, James. "'Car-chase TV' : the legitimisation of police work?" Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2016. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16566/.
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‘Car chase TV’ has become a staple of U.K. television schedules over the past two decades. Conveyed in a plethora of observational documentaries (ob-docs), mediated images of police vehicular pursuits (PVPs) are packaged as entertainment products. However, the rise of PVPs as a ubiquitous entertainment spectacle has taken place against a backdrop of concern around a steep rise in the human cost of PVPs emanating from police oversight bodies and widely reported in the national press. This research investigates whether car chase TV tends to legitimise the police, their work, and specifically the problematic practice of PVP. Historical analysis is used to map the developing concern around PVPs from 1900 through to 2011. The thesis then presents the findings of a thematic analysis carried out on an archive of ob-doc ‘car-chase TV’ programmes broadcast in the UK between 1993 and 2011. This analysis indicated that such programmes do tend to legitimise the police, police work and PVPs in particular. It also showed that the challenge to the legitimacy of PVPs expressed in official reports, the print media and elsewhere largely failed to permeate the mediated construction of PVPs in the ‘car-chase TV’ programmes broadcast on the commercial television networks, but did produce a limited response in the programmes broadcast on the BBC television network, a response which tended to (re)legitimise PVPs in the face of these concerns. The research found that there has been an historical decline in the visibility of PVPs presented in the television programmes contained in the archive, due to various possible factors. This research is significant in that it examines a hitherto under-developed area of criminal justice research and contributes a unique historical perspective on the issue of PVP. It makes a novel contribution to the literature on the legitimisation of the police in the mediated sphere of television.
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Lin, Jonathan. "The historical development of criminological thought and theory as a series of successive periods." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110732.
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In this thesis I examine the historical development of criminological thought and theory. I argue that criminology's history generally follows the structure of history advanced by Thomas Kuhn in his The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. As such, I argue that the history of criminological development is a history of successive periods, punctuated by periods of crisis. Specifically, criminology's historical development is characterized by four successive periods, which are as follows: (1) a pre-paradigm period in which at least three different paradigms exist, in competition for dominance in the field; (2) a paradigm period characterized by the dominance and universal acceptance of positivism by the scientific community of criminologists; (3) a period of crisis in which critical criminology, an alternative paradigm, successfully challenged the positivist paradigm and pushed the discipline into a state of crisis; and (4) a period characterized by, on the one hand, the triumph of the positivist paradigm over its challengers, and on the other hand, by a period in which alternative paradigms, confined to the fringes, nevertheless incessantly challenge the foundations and first principles of the positivism paradigm. My one caveat is that we view the fourth historical period of criminology as a stage rather than what Kuhn terms a paradigm. Stage is a term invoked in order to extend the limits of Kuhn's model and to develop it further.Dans cette thèse, j'examine le développement historique de la pensée et de la théorie criminologique. Je soutiens que l'histoire de la criminologie suit généralement la structure de l'histoire avancée par Thomas Kuhn dans son livre La Structure des Révolutions Scientifiques. Je soutiens que l'histoire du développement criminologique est une histoire de périodes successives, ponctuée par des périodes de crise. Plus précisément, nous pouvons identifier quatre périodes successives le développement historique de la criminologie: (1) une période de pré-paradigme dans lequel au moins trois paradigmes différents sont en concurrence pour la domination dans le domaine; (2) une période de paradigme caractérisé par la domination et l'acceptation universelle du positivisme par la communauté scientifique des criminologues; (3) une période de crise dans laquelle la criminologie critique, en tant que paradigme alternatif, a remis en question le paradigme positiviste et poussé la discipline dans un état de crise, et (4) une période caractérisée par, d'une part, le triomphe du paradigme positiviste sur ses concurrents, et d'autre part, par une période durant laquelle des paradigmes alternatifs, confinés a la périphérie, mais ne cessant néanmoins de remettre en question les fondements et les principes premiers du paradigme du positivisme. La problématique que j'identifie est de dire nous voyons la quatrième période historique de la criminologie comme une étape au lieu de la voir comme ce que Kuhn a appelé un paradigme. Le terme 'étape' est invoqué afin d'étendre les limites du modèle de Kuhn et de le développer davantage.
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Ede, Andrew, and andrew ede@premiers qld gov au. "The Prevention of Police Corruption and Misconduct: A Criminological Analysis of Complaints Against Police." Griffith University. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2000. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030102.114721.
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The reform measures recommended by the Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (referred to as the "Fitzgerald Inquiry") radically transformed the face of policing in Queensland. The most significant of these recommendations was the establishment of an external oversight body, the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC), which has independence from executive government and holds the power to investigate not only police but any public servant or politician. Other recommendations included "Whistleblower" legislation, increasing sanctions for serious misconduct, lateral recruitment and promotion by merit rather than seniority. The first main research question tested in this thesis is whether these reform measures have produced improvements in the following areas: the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes for dealing with complaints against police; public confidence in those processes and the public standing of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) generally; standards of police behaviour; the incidence of corrupt conduct; and police attitudes towards reporting misconduct by their fellow officers. These Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms were strategies primarily derived from two schools of thought describing the nature and cause of police corruption: deterrence based theory (including "individual" or "rotten apple" theory) and cultural (also labeled "cultural" or "socialisation") based theory. To date most strategies used to combat police corruption have been underpinned by these theories. A third theory - situational based theory (sometimes titled "environmental" or "opportunity" theory) - which has had success in crime prevention, has been scarcely used in the area of police corruption. However, an extensive body of research has affirmed the effects of situational factors on police behaviour, suggesting the potential for the application of situational crime prevention initiatives in combatting police corruption. The second research question proposed in this thesis is whether situational based theory could also be beneficial in the prevention of police corruption. Data drawn upon to test the first research question were interviews and surveys with police officers, public attitude surveys and statistics from the processing of complaints against police. Although each source has limitations, collectively the data are sufficiently comprehensive - and robust - to defend conclusions about the general direction of the changes which have occurred. These data indicate that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have, at least to some degree, had their intended impact on the QPS. These reforms have contributed to an apparent improvement in public confidence in the complaints system and the QPS generally. Moreover, the available evidence suggests that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have resulted in a weakening of the police code of silence. As far as the specific issue of corruption in the QPS is concerned, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing data sources. However, the weight of the available evidence is that such conduct is less pervasive and occurs at lower levels than was the case in the pre-Fitzgerald Inquiry QPS. It is very difficult to ascertain which reform components were the most effective and which were not helpful at all, as these reform measures were initiated simultaneously. For example, the negative elements of the police culture may have been eliminated or reduced but whether it was the cultural strategies or one of the deterrence based strategies influencing officer behaviour remains unknown. The second main research question the thesis poses is that the use of situational crime prevention techniques has potential for contributing to the prevention of police corruption. A situational analysis of complaints against police data, including the development of a typology for classifying types of police corruption and misconduct, was used as an example of how this may be accomplished in Queensland. The study provides some, albeit limited, support for the hypothesis that situational crime prevention methods are applicable to police corruption. Based upon three years of complaints data, enough homogenous cases were gathered to enable the analysis of four categories of police corruption - Opportunistic Thefts, Driving under the Influence, Assault (while off-duty), and Theft from Employer. Given that this study only used three years of complaints data held by the CJC and more than nine years of data exist, productive situational analyses of many other categories of corruption is probable. This study also illustrated that complaints against police data are being under utilised by the QPS and the CJC. For future research in the situational analysis of complaints data, I recommend improving the gathering of data from complaints files for storage in electronic form to enable situational prevention analysis to be conducted more readily. A geographical example was used to illustrate further how complaints against police data could be more extensively utilised as a prevention tool. This analysis was conducted at an organisation unit level determined primarily by geographical factors. The complaint patterns of units of similar "task environments", as measured by unit size and type of duties performed, were compared in an attempt to identify those units experiencing the presence or absence of "bad apples" or a "negative culture". This study led to the conclusion that a divisional analysis of complaints data can provide information valuable in combatting police corruption. When task environment was held constant, it was possible to identify units experiencing the effects of possible "bad apples" and/or "negative cultures". Once these particular units were identified, intervention strategies to address the units' particular problem could be constructed. Future research in this area would involve ongoing divisional data analysis followed-up by individual assessment of officers identified as "bad apples", or a "compare-and-contrast" procedure to distinguish features requiring correction in units identified as having a "negative culture". The research findings presented in this thesis are that progress has occurred in a number of areas in addressing the problems identified by the Fitzgerald Inquiry, but that there is undoubtedly scope for more to be achieved. Despite the very significant increase in the resources and powers available to investigators post-Fitzgerald, it is still difficult to prove that a police officer engaged in misconduct, or that other officers were aware of this fact and had failed to take action, because of the constraints imposed by evidentiary and legal requirements. Thus, while it is vital to maintain an effective and credible independent complaints investigation system and ensure that there is a proper internal discipline process in place, the scope for increasing the "deterrent power" of the present system is limited. Putting more resources into complaints investigations might make a difference at the margins, but is unlikely to lead to a significant increase in the probability of a complaint being substantiated and a sanction imposed. Investing more resources in investigations has an additional cost in that such resources are then lost to other efforts to combat corruption that may provide more fruitful results in the long term. The value of an occasional substantiation is placed above the ability to engage in a large amount of prevention work. Inevitably then, three clear messages are apparent. First, continued effort must be made to modify the organisational climate of the QPS in terms of commitment to integrity. Recommended strategies to accomplish this end are to continue the recruitment of more educated, female and older officers to reduce police-citizen conflict and the negative elements of the police culture, and also to develop a comprehensive, integrated approach to ethics education for QPS officers at all ranks and positions. Second, other forms of deterrence against misconduct are needed such as the use of covert strategies like integrity testing which could be conducted in conjunction with the CJC. Third, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on developing and implementing preventive strategies. This thesis has shown that valuable prevention strategies can be gained from situational and divisional analysis of complaints data, and a range of proactive management options based upon situational crime prevention theory are recommended. These strategies have application in any police service.
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Fenwick, M. D. "Knowledge and passion : a critical exploration of the affective dimension of the criminological field." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598976.
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Crime and punishment are phenomena rich in emotion and emotional significance. We have the suffering of the victim, the anger and fear of the community, and the pain of punishment, to give but three obvious examples. Every aspect of crime and punishment generates an endless variety of feelings and passions. Emotion is central to both the experience of crime and the practice of punishment. And yet, when we turn to the history of criminology, we find a curious unwillingness to engage with the emotional dimension of crime, or, for that matter, the emotional dimension of the practice of doing criminological research. In fact, it has been argued that one of the defining features of criminology has been its ability to suspend emotional judgements and treat an issue which arouses such passions in a 'disinterested' and objective fashion. Criminology is thus presented as purely rational discourse on crime. This piece of work sets out to challenge this claim. The first half of the thesis examines the attitudes towards emotion found in various strands of criminological thought. The central contention of these chapters is that an unattainable desire to exclude emotion has, until relatively recently, been a central feature of the discipline. In the second half of the thesis, I go on to explore the various ways that a range of emotions have informed, and continue to inform, criminological debate. In order to substantiate the argument, I draw upon a number of examples from the history of criminology, as well as the work of contemporary social theory. This piece of work therefore represents a preliminary and tentative attempt at analysing what I would characterise as being the 'affective dimension' of the criminological field.
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Schwarzer, Kira. "SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic from a Criminological Perspective - Investigating Antisocial Behaviour Changes in Germany." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26428.
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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is not only a health crisis, but also shatters the socialand economic lives through regulations and social restrictions. As seen duringSARS 2002-2003, measures like social restrictions can impact behaviournegatively, leading to discrimination, stigmatisation and xenophobia. There is alack of studies on antisocial behaviour and crime during health crises, such aspandemics. Related studies on disaster and crime gave mixed results, with somesuggesting an increase in prosocial rather than antisocial behaviour. Using acriminological perspective, German news media from January 1, 2020 untilMarch 31, 2020 were analysed. These media sources were the tabloid Bild andtwo main elite newspapers, Süddeutsche Zeitung and Frankfurter AllgemeineZeitung. Analyses were conducted quantitatively based on frequencies, means andword counts. Additionally, a qualitative media content analysis regarding events,behaviour and story tone was undertaken. The aim was to reveal indications ofreported behavioural changes. For a complete overview, both antisocial andprosocial behaviours were included. Results indicate that antisocial behaviour,such as ignoring of governmental advice and rules, and discriminatory behaviours,as well as crimes like fraud became more prominent over time than prosocial andhelping behaviour. This study shows only a fragment of the situation in Germany,but highlights the importance of continuous assessments of human behaviourduring dynamic and critical times.
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Evoh, Peternwaike Nne Udo. "A systematic literature review on criminological research on the history of cybercrime focusing on type of crime and geographic origin of the perpetrators : Literature review on criminological research on the history of cybercrime." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för kriminologi (KR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-46088.
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Abstract Cybercrime is a global phenomenon, that has existed since the advent of the internet. The wider population is affected with different types of crime that occur on the internet. The advancement of the internet continually brings about changes in the different types of cybercrime that are perpetrated on the internet and across the globe. Using historical criminology to provide evidence that explains the past and present phenomenon, this paper seeks to investigate the different types of crimes perpetrated on the internet with twenty one (21) peer reviewed publications. Time stamped from the year 1995 till the current date 2021 through a systematic process focusing on two variables on (crime and origin). The systematic process is aimed to answer two research questions on the different type of cyber crimes that has developed over time, and if the geographic origin of different categories of cyber crimes has changed over time. Communicating channels are the flood gate to cyber crimes perpetration, as different types of crime are centered within a geographic location and growing across geographic boundaries that are changing and developing crime type over time. More locations are developing through these channels as rapid advancement in technology are evolvin
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Burchnall, Krystian Paul. "Putting crime science in its place : exploring the philosophical and criminological implications of crime science." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618554.
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Crime Science claims to be a new approach, and whilst there has been some theoretical discussion of it in recent literature there has not been a lot, and little has been done to date on the implications it has for policy. In this thesis Crime Science is discussed under four main topics. Firstly, the development of Crime Science from a historical and intellectual perspective is discussed. The second chapter covers the boundaries of Crime Science, with particular reference to its defensiveness towards 'traditional criminology'. The third topic is how effective Crime Science has been to date, and what effectiveness should mean in policy terms and what this means for Crime Science. Fourthly the ambitions of Crime Science are discussed. In particular, the claims to be a novel, separate identifiable endeavour, the ambition to be multidisciplinary, the ambition to be successful and the ambition to be scientific are discussed. It is concluded that overall there are six main overlapping themes. Firstly, there is disillusionment with criminology that leads 10 a caricature called 'traditional criminology'. This caricature is used by Crime Science to further its own agenda as it can then portray itself as something that traditional criminology is not. The second theme is that Crime Science cannot remove itself from criminology despite its best efforts to do so. Criminological themes consistently reappear in Crime Science, and rather than breaking from the discipline of criminology, it seems to fit well with the direction of criminology over the last 30 years. Thirdly, Crime Science suffers from a lack of internal consistency, often making claims that are inconsistent with the practices of crime scientists. The fourth theme is one of intellectual isolation, which stems from the lack of concern with theory and rejection of a relationship with criminology, could prove as opportunities for gaining insights into practical crime prevention measures. The fifth theme is popularity. It is suggested that rhetoric is very important for this theme, as Crime Science plays heavily on uses of the word 'science', which also allows crime scientists to appear to be in a position of authority. The final theme represents many of Crime Science's ambitions as generally unrealised and unfeasible.
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Quraishi, Muzammil. "Muslims and crime : a comparative criminological study of South Asian Muslims in Britain and Pakistan." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/muslims-and-crime--a-comparative-criminological-study-of-south-asian-muslims-in-britain-and-pakistan(7be6aef3-fa63-4f2f-985e-f4bb51c7ad49).html.
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This thesis presents a comparative criminological examination of two South Asian Muslim communities in Britain and Pakistan. The work evaluates existing data regarding South Asian Muslims and crime highlighting the fact that this remains a largely under-researched field in contemporary British criminology. The study was framed by the following objectives: • To examine issues of offending and victimization amongst South Asian Muslim communities in Britain and Pakistan; • To examine the way Islamic criminal law (al-'uqūbāt) is understood and the impact of such understanding(s) on crime and social control among the sample; • To explore the nature of Islamophobia and its impact on South Asian Muslims in Britain and Pakistan; • To draw constructive policy-orientated conclusions in relation to offending and victimization experienced by South Asian Muslims. Issues of offending and victimisation are explored via essentially qualitative primary research within two sample communities, one in Pakistan (Sharifabad) and one in England (Haslingden). More specifically the study adopted an ethnographic methodology utilising diverse data gathering techniques which included anonymous semi-structured interviews with residents and officials; questionnaires; life histories, photographic data and diary keeping strategies. The research enabled the assessment of offending and victimisation by South Asian Muslims at an individual, community and global level, providing detailed evaluation of the social reality for South Asian Muslims and crime. The research was guided by a critical race theory (CRT) perspective which helps contextualise the experiences of South Asian Muslims within an historical framework. Particular policies, legislation and attitudes during British colonial rule in India are evaluated to assess how far they have been traced into the post-colonial social terrain. In sum, this work not only provides a comprehensive evaluation of key studies in this field but represents an essential contribution to our understanding of the complexities of crime and victimisation as experienced by South Asian Muslims.
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Brown, Alison M. "The Edinburgh Neighbourhood Study : implications for contemporary criminological and political discourse on community and crime." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23865.
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The recent use in criminological and political discourse of concepts such as ‘social capital’, ‘collective efficacy’, ‘trust’ and ‘community’ is problematic. As well as their definitional and operational difficulties, they may not be politically neutral. The inadequacy of these concepts is in part connected with the lack of a systematic approach to the measurement of community dynamics and processes. These current theoretical frameworks desperately require critical assessment. A central concern of the Edinburgh Neighbourhood Study, situated within the Edinburgh Study on Youth Transitions and Crime, is to develop a set of measurements that through systematic application will allow community dynamics to be better understood. The Edinburgh Neighbourhood Study has used a large-scale survey administered across Edinburgh and a case study of three neighbourhoods, in order to explore the key theoretical concepts within contemporary discourse on neighbourhood and crime. This has shown that concepts traditionally regarded as desirable, such as internal networks, may have mixed implications for crime and the neighbourhood. This thesis puts forward a model of neighbourhood dynamics, in the form of three dimensions of neighbourhood, and their relationships to social and economic deprivation, including structural resources, and also to crime and disorder.
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Jagėla, Miroslavas. "Korupcijos prevencijos teisinių pagrindų Lietuvoje kriminologinė analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050609_173647-73553.
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This Master Thesis deals with a very urgent theme, criminological analysis of legal grounds for prevention of corruption, since in Lithuania, like in many other countries, the roots of corruption lie in the past, but nowadays the new forms of corruption are emerging and penetrating into various public institutions, politics, private sector, and they often acquire international character. All the above mentioned factors have negative impact on the country’s economic development, they impede free and fair competition, discredit the state authorities, and even the state itself, with the public.
The Thesis aims at introducing the specific features of criminological characteristic of corruption and at discussing the legal grounds for prevention of the said phenomenon. With this aim in mind, through comparison and analysis of the Lithuanian laws and international legal acts providing the concept of corruption and principles of fight against this phenomenon, the features of corruption prevention were specified and explained, as well as the legal status and activities of institutions engaged in investigation of corruption were introduced. Finally, the Thesis gives conclusions and provides suggestions on how to improve prevention of corruption in Lithuania based on the opinion of various authors, analysis of laws and legal acts and data of the survey carried out.
Analysis of legal acts and research materials, as well as the systematized results of the survey of the officers involved... [to full text]
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Graeve, Christine Marie. "An exploratory look at career criminality, psychopathy, and offending persistence convergence of criminological and psychological constructs? /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Alshehhi, M. "A criminological critique of body worn cameras in policing : the case of the United Arab Emirates." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/48888/.
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The thesis critically examines the qualitative experiences of Body Worn Cameras (BWCs) amongst a sample of police officers in UAE prior to the formal implementation of this technology. It considers the relevance, strengths and limitations of BWC technology and use in the context of UAE providing a coherent critical theoretical assessment of the use of BWCs in UAE against the extant criminological, sociology of technology and service innovation and learning literature. The research composes, present and analyses three qualitative datasets; firstly, the results of three-months observation of Abu Dhabi Patrol Officers' use of BWC, secondly the results of 700 hours of critical incidents chosen by criminal investigation officers as illustrating issues relating to the use of BWC and thirdly, the results of thirty-eight interviews with junior and senior police officers selected from the Abu Dhabi force for their familiarity with various aspects of BWC usage. The thesis reviews all of the previous research on use of BWCs by police concluding that much of this literature is not relevant outside of the US and UK where it was conducted, since police in these countries face legitimacy challenges from minority (often racial groups) which distorts the reasons for introducing BWCs and the use to which they are put. The research further concludes that effective use of the occupational cultures as a lens for understanding innovations such as BWCs is only effective where wider culture and context is also reference. For example, in Abu Dhabi the Arab and Islamic culture and context significantly affects the logic of practice in using BWCs. These two conclusions form the major theoretical contribution of this research.
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Gougeon, Nicholas G. D. "Exploring Legal Philosophical and Criminological Knowledge Production Through H. L. A. Hart and Lon L. Fuller." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35771.
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Criminology and legal philosophy still have much to gain from the exchange of ideas. However, attention must be paid to how this exchange is being made and what is being transferred. This project attempts to examine a currently unacknowledged exchange between the disciplines; that of an historicist, logos-centric method of knowledge production. Specifically, using a refashioned dialectic method, the debate between H.L.A. Hart and Lon L. Fuller will be compared and contrasted with Robert Agnew’s representation of criminology. This will give some clarity to the different ways by which the disciplines (re)produce knowledge. Importantly, the process of (re)production detailed here is characterized by a (dis)unity between how the disciplines rhetorically justify their methodology and the actual analyses being produced. To give this process colour, it will be examined in relation to criminology’s crisis. Ultimately, the analysis presented here raises doubts about the truthfulness of legal philosophical and criminological knowledge produced in this way.
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Basegio, Leandro Jesus. "Perfil e etiologia criminológica da interiorização do crime : a experiência do Rio Grande do Sul de 1992 a 2014." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/158248.
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A presente tese identifica o problema do aumento da criminalidade nos pequenos municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (menos que 100.000 habitantes) como um problema social e sociológico importante. Discute as contribuições mais importantes da literatura criminológica sobre esse tema e conclui que as análises carecem de um rumo analítico suficientemente claro e fértil, pois: não se perguntam ‘o por quê?’ do fenômeno. Como subsídio decisivo para preencher essa lacuna, se traz para a discussão a teorização típico ideal de Fandiño Mariño (2012), relativa ao que ele denomina como ‘transições criminológicas’. Uma revisão detalhada dessa teorização é apresentada. A partir dela são analisadas e interpretadas as tendências da interiorização do crime, estatisticamente descritas, para o Rio Grande do Sul. Essas incluem, principalmente, o fenômeno dos surtos criminológicos: aumentos temporários nas taxas de criminalidade municipais, acima de 1,5 (unidade de desvio padrão). Os surtos se tratam, pois, de uma forma peculiar, mas perfeitamente consistente, de desdobramento da criminalidade dos grandes centros urbanos. Com base em modelos de regressão múltipla e de regressão logística pudemos concluir que a interiorização do crime corresponde a uma extensão da área de influência dos chamados polos criminológicos. Esta extensão confirma a validade da teorização sobre ‘transições criminológicas’ de Fandiño Mariño (2012), mesmo exibindo uma forma ou perfil criminológico peculiar: os surtos criminológicos. Estes surtos, porém, não completam a reprodução da criminalidade dos grandes centros urbanos, e não têm como resultado uma desagregação social comparável a dos grandes centros urbanos. O perfil (sócio)moral das pequenas cidades do interior fica aparentemente preservado.This thesis identifies the problem of crime increases in the group of small counties of Rio Grande do Sul state (less than 100,000 inhabitant) as a important social and societal problem. It discusses the most important contributions of criminological literature on this subject, concluding the analysis lack an analytical direction, sufficiently clear and fertile, especially in terms of the question 'why?' the phenomenon occcurrs. As a decisive aid to fill this gap, it is brought to the discussion the ideal-type theorization from Fandiño Mariño (2012) defined as ‘criminological transitions’. A detailed review of this theorizing is presented. From there, the crime internalization trends statistically described are analyzed and interpreted. These include mainly the crime outbreaks (temporary increases in municipal crime rates above 1.5 - standard deviation units). It is a peculiar way, but perfectly consistent with the unfolding crime of the large urban centers. Based on both multiple regression and logistic regression models, it was possible to conclude that the ‘interiorization’ of crime corresponds to an extension of the area of influence of the socalled criminological poles. This extension confirms the validity of criminological trends theorizing from Fandiño Mariño (2012), yet displaying a peculiar criminological profile: the criminological outbreaks. Thus, these outbreaks do not represent a type of crime reproduction from large urban centers, and neither they reproduce the kind of social disorganization and break down typical of the large urban centers. The (social)morale profile of the small towns is apparently preserved.
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Turner, Elizabeth. "Reimagining criminology's public role : an inquiry into the relationship between criminological expertise and the democratic public sphere." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1393.
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This thesis contributes to recent discussions about criminology’s public role through an empirical case study analysis of the dominant discourse of ‘public confidence in the criminal justice system’ in England and Wales. The thesis begins by arguing that the recent literature reflecting on criminology’s public role has failed to adequately deal with the tensions created by the plural, value-dependent and contested character of criminological knowledge. Then, drawing on primary data from newspaper archives, parliamentary debates, research reports, academic books and papers, policy documents and focus group and interview transcripts, the thesis provides a multi-faceted analysis of the public confidence agenda. It argues that the dominant discourse of public confidence takes up a politically prominent ‘lay concept’ and, without clarifying what it means, discursively constructs it as a ‘real’ object which is both measurable and caused. This understanding of confidence reflects contingent historical conditions (including the ‘modernist’ criminological outlook), and is premised on an (unacknowledged) value-based decision about how to do research on how the public think and feel about the criminal justice system. The public confidence agenda in research and policy is a governmental project encompassing a double-epistemic aspiration: (i) to be epistemic (by providing scientific knowledge which shapes policy); and (ii) to promote a particular conception of criminological expertise (as episteme - objective, context-independent, scientific knowledge). As such it provides an excellent case study for reflecting on recent discussions of criminology’s public role. The thesis concludes that the starting point for any discussion of criminology’s public role in a democratic society should be an explicit acknowledgment of the value-based decisions which are implicit in every criminological project. Such acknowledgment provides a route to a more fruitful method for negotiating the inherent pluralism of the field, and thus to re-evaluating its public role.
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Ttofi, Maria. "Testing the applicability of criminological theories to the context of bullying behaviour : implications for prevention and treatment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611588.
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Faize, Zohra. "Child [Un]Friendly Border Control: A Criminological Analysis of Young Asylum Seeker’s Migration and Immigration Detention Experiences." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37133.
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Globalization has expanded the travelling privileges of certain populations (namely for those in the West) while it has simultaneously resulted in restrictions on the movement of the more racialized and impoverished populations. The economically disadvantaged groups are subjected to strict border control policies such as stringent visa requirements (to stop them before they migrate), border infrastructure (to curb their mobility while they are travelling across international borders), and detention policies (after they arrive in the host country). The corresponding challenges are particularly taxing and traumatic for vulnerable populations, especially minors. Using qualitative methodology, this research explores the interview-based accounts of nine asylum-seeking children and young adults regarding their migration experiences with border control policies (during their migration) and administrative detention procedures in Canada. Drawing on Criminology of Mobility as a conceptual framework, the findings of this study demonstrate that border infrastructure endangers young asylum seekers’ lives as it compels them to pursue more precarious means, such as using the services of human smugglers or crossing international borders from isolated and dangerous crossing points. The findings of this research also suggest that juvenile asylum seekers may be experiencing border control policies and immigration detention more negatively because of their age-related vulnerabilities.
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Yarbrough, Angela. "The conditional influence of criminological constructs on juvenile delinquency : an examination of the moderating effects of self-control." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001942.
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Mol, Hanneke Heleen. "To miss the forest for the trees? : a green criminological perspective on the politics of palm oil harm." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/50063/.
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Globally, the palm oil industry has been linked to practices that fit the most conventional definitions and perceptions of crime as well as the types of social and environmental harm that do not fit strictly legalistic definitions and understandings of crime. This thesis examines both the perceptions and realities of harm in the context of palm oil production in Colombia’s Pacific coast region, attending to the perspectives of corporate executives, public officials, industry representatives, small growers of oil palm, local palm oil critics, and NGOs with a critical stance towards agroindustrial palm oil production. The theoretical and analytical approach put forward to this end redirects the harm debate from a central concern with the academic contestation of harm within criminology, toward a focus on the on-the-ground contestedness of harm. The central research question that underpins the study is: “How are perceptions, practices, and realities of harm linked to palm oil production in the Colombian Pacific coast region contested, and what are the implications of this for debates on harm within green criminology?” Via a rich field-based account of the constructions, practices, and the lived and perceived realities of harm related to palm oil production, and the interrogation of the mechanisms and relations of power that thereby invest practices and discourses of harm, the study contributes empirically and theoretically to the green criminological analysis of the extractive industries, encouraging green criminology to engage with the notion of harm in more complex and nuanced ways. This approach enhances criminological understanding of the power dynamics that draw and keep in place the boundaries between legal harm, tolerated illegal harm, and non-tolerated illegal harm, and the hegemonic notions and practices of legality that thus operate to reproduce the status quo in ways that generate harm to human beings and the natural environment.
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Cox, Carol. "Police culture and socialisation within a UK university." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2015. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16541/.
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The previous UK Coalition government (2010-2015) made significant efforts to professionalise the police service in England and Wales. One of their approaches was to require police students to study at university, before becoming police officers. It has been hypothesised that requiring police students to study at university may ensure that professionalism develops within these students/officers, with the higher education received. At the same time as developing professionalism within these officers it has been suggested some of the negative aspects of police culture may diminish. Whether or not these hopes are borne out by university training of police students was the central research question for this project. This original research examined socialisation and culture of police students, within a UK university institution. It evolved by utilising reflexive grounded theory to examine the student perception of the police service, using questionnaires, focus groups and content analysis of completed essays, by Foundation in Policing Degree students. In summary the findings of this research suggested that university training of police students may not have the desired effect on professionalism, as police culture appears to develop regardless of the setting. Further to this, minority ethnic students continue to report being less attracted to the police as a career choice. A number of reasons are suggested for these findings and future recommendations are set out. Ultimately, this research concludes that the way a police officer is trained and/or educated requires reviewing, as simply moving the process to a university setting does not automatically deliver the intended outcomes, and in fact can result in the police culture simply flourishing elsewhere.
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Nazemi, Shahriar. "Revocation of Citizenship in Canada: A Criminological Reading of a Tension Between Rights and Obligations in Conceptions of Citizenship." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38999.
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This research explores the political debates surrounding changes in the law regulating citizenship revocation in Canada and how they reflect the tensions in the meaning of citizenship for dual national citizens. Borrowing from citizenship studies and critical criminology, the main argument in this thesis is that Bill C-24 seems to be an attempt on part of the Conservative Party to recalibrate the meaning of citizenship from a more liberal understanding (based on civic rights) to one that is more republican (based on civic duty). This research also demonstrates how this recalibration in the conception of citizenship from a more liberal notion to a more republican one parallels the shift
in crime control policies of the state that were geared more toward prioritizing the welfare and equality of all citizens under the law in the 1960s-70s to ones that are presently oriented toward punishment, control and management of “dangerous groups”. The scholarly literature suggests that the modern conception of citizenship tends to draw from the republican and liberal traditions that are complementary but are also in tension, and the recent political discussions surrounding citizenship involves arguing for the best balance between rights and responsibilities of citizens. The analysis of the parliamentary debates surrounding Bill C-24 reveals that, in light of Canada’s current political landscape that is heavily influenced by penal-populist notions of punishing the
offender populations and making “responsibilized” citizens, the pendulum of citizenship is generally being tilted toward the republican model (based on restoration of civic duties of citizens to the state and their fellow citizens) more so than the liberal model (based on preserving the welfare, liberty and equality of all citizens under the law).
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Bučinskaitė, Regina. "Vagysčių Klaipėdos mieste kriminologinis aspektas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20050628_134104-20591.
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Thefts are the most prevailed crime in Lithuania as they are common worldwide, they make the biggest part of the crimes, and the increasing number of the crimes is connected to the arising number of the thievery. The thefts in this research work are examined as a separate crime sort. The key attention is paid to the examination of the thefts executed in the city of Klaipeda, the examination period includes the years from 1995 to 2003. The paper work consists of three parts. The first part surveys the conception of the thievery, the state and the level of the thefts, as well as the structure and dynamics of the thievery are disclosed as they are researched in the context of the total delinquency of Lithuania. The general criminological characteristics of the thefts in Klaipeda is researched in the second part of this work; there is looked through the social and demographic peculiarities of the city, the features of the crime situation of Klaipeda city in comparison with the ones in other biggest cities and of Lithuania in whole are overviewed at this part of the work. The thefts executed in the city of Klaipeda are examined comparing the rates of Klaipeda and other cities within Lithuanian with the rates of the whole country. The rates of the thefts performed in the city of Vilnius are emphasized. There are given characteristics of the persons who execute the thievery in the city of Klaipeda. The third part of the research paper work covers the policy of thievery control and... [to full text]
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Piamonte, Stephanie. "Wicked Words and Illegal Imaginings: A Genealogy of Obscenity In Which a Criminological Case Study of Fanny Hill Is Conducted." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39073.
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A genealogy of the concept of obscenity is conducted through a case study of John Cleland’s novel, "Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure" (1748-1749), popularly known as "Fanny Hill". Analytic attention is focused on events (i.e. given moments in history characterized by struggle), discourses (i.e. systems of knowledge), and practices (i.e. institutional procedures), all of which are interrelated, and problematizes them with a moral regulation interpretive framework. This dissertation considers how "Fanny Hill" was (re)problematized as obscene through historically specific discursive practices, and how these discursive practices, conceived as the exercise of power in conjunction with systems of knowledge or as projects of moral regulation, had effects on the constitution of subjectivities and social orders. Further, this dissertation problematizes the ways that these discourses, practices and effects – particularly those pertaining to harm – continue into the present.
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Naegler, Laura K. "Resistance post-Occupy : a cultural criminological analysis of resistance, knowledge production and imagination in the radical movement in New York City." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/57593/.
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Based on a critical ethnographic study, the present work explores understandings of resistance, power and social change among activists in the post-Occupy movement in New York City. The research asks how activists understand, experience and define resistance in relation to power and social change, and explores the meaning of resistance for those engaged in it. Here, the research focusses in particular on anarchist and anarchist-inspired resistance, or direct action politics. It analyses how the principles and tactics of direct action are defined by activists; and asks, in consideration of spatio-temporal dimensions (immediacy and future-orientation, and separation and confrontation), what constitutes direct action as 'resistance'. Furthermore, this analysis starts from the assumption that tracing down the relationship between ontology, epistemology and methodology in movement activity allows for the development of an understanding of how shared experiences and conceptions of social reality and social change influence activists' resistant practices. Here, the research asks how resistant practice and theory is shaped in the post-Occupy movement's collective processes of knowledge production and through their large variety of knowledge practices. These are characterized by the interplay between theory and practice - by 'doing resistance' in as much as reflecting, discussing, and negotiating - that aims to achieve a radical (re-)imagination of what it means to be and act political. The work situates both collective processes of knowledge production and activists' conceptualizations of resistance within the (recent) history of New York City's social movements, and within conflicts around housing and gentrification, which have been identified as core struggles of the post-Occupy movement. Here, the research shows how activists' conceptualizations of resistance, power and social change are implemented in concrete resistant practices in the city using a variety of examples, among them the work of the New York City Anti-Eviction Network (NYCAEN). Theoretically, the research utilizes an interdisciplinary approach, while focusing on a combination of anarchist philosophy and cultural criminology. Here, the research aims to contribute to current debates in cultural criminology that seek increased theoretical and analytical clarity of the concept of 'resistance'. It is argued that the analysis of the methods of resistance employed, and discussed, in the post-Occupy movement helps to understand and conceptualize resistance in cultural criminology by linking activists' own theorizing with academic theorizing. This also allows for a re-consideration of the influence of anarchist philosophy on cultural criminological understandings of resistance, which contributes to necessary theoretical clarifications while at the same time challenging the criticism that cultural criminology suffers from a general failure to consider political resistance in its theory and research.
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PRATT, TRAVIS CAMERON. "ASSESSING THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF MACRO-LEVEL PREDICTORS OF CRIME: A META-ANALYSIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin984062054.
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Irwin, Travis Shane. "SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE: APPLYING CROSS-NATIONAL INDICATORS OF CRIMINAL VIOLENCE TO DOMESTIC TERRORISM." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/333.
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Despite the increase in terrorism research post September 11, 2001, little is known about domestic terrorism though it occurs at overwhelmingly higher rates as compared to transnational terrorism. Although the use of criminological theory and methods to study terrorism has increased recently, there are relatively few terrorism studies within the criminological literature. Drawing upon extant criminological theories of violence among countries, this study uses the recently created Global Terrorism Database to examine the distribution and correlates of domestic terrorism among 72 developed nations between 1970 and 1997. This study examined the following questions. First, do prior established predictors of criminal violence (i.e., economy, inequality, social welfare, political orientation, ethnic fractionalization, population, and pre-existing violence) also predict domestic terrorism at the country level? Second, is the relationship between these macro-structural and cultural variables in the same direction as found in the previously published literature? Using a series of contemporaneous cross-sectional analyses and lagged cross-sectional analysis, the results from this study indicate that there is considerable similarity between the correlates of cross-national homicide and correlates of domestic terrorism. There was considerable evidence for the relationship between population size and overall levels of domestic terrorism. This relationship was robust across short time intervals (1970s), the full time span (1970-1997), as well as in the long and short term lagged analyses (1970-1990 predictors of domestic terrorism in 1991-1997 and 1991-1994 predictors on 1995-1997 domestic terrorism). On the contrary I did not find evidence that large youth populations are significantly related to higher levels of domestic terrorism. Income inequality (GINI) also emerged as a significant correlate of domestic terrorism in the long and short term contemporaneous analyses. Those countries that had higher overall levels of income inequality for the entire time span also had higher levels of domestic terrorism, compared to those countries with low levels of income inequality. Contrary to theoretical expectations yet supportive of prior criminological research, this study found that stronger democracies actually have more domestic terrorism. In particular, those countries with more restrictions placed on executive decision-making power, tend to have more domestic terrorism events, compared to those countries with less restrictive executive decision-making processes. This study concludes with a discussion of the results within the larger criminological literature as well as future avenues of research.
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Sigurdsson, Jon Fridrik. "Alleged false confessions among Icelandic offenders : an examination of some psychological, criminological and substance use factors that are associated with the reported false confessions." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/alleged-false-confessions-among-icelandic-offenders--an-examination-of-some-psychological-criminological-and-substance-use-factors-that-are-associated-with-the-reported-false-confessions(7d80031a-1827-4a19-b84a-20ab6173c7fe).html.
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Heinonen, Justin A. "Measuring how Much Criminologists Know About Crime: Using Environmental Criminology to Assess Our Knowledge of Crime Events." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1288974887.
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Parker, Amanda Marie Sharp. "The Applicability of Criminology to Terrorism Studies: An Exploratory Study of ISIS Supporters in the United States." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6347.
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In the years following the 11 September 2001 attacks, research in the area of terrorism expanded exponentially. However, the changing nature of terrorism and lack of available data make it a difficult topic for criminologists to study; as academics we do not have access to the governmental data and data that is publicly available is often restricted due to the sensitive nature of national security issues. As first hand data is not available, an alternate data source, court records, may provide insight to the profile of current terrorists/terrorist supporters in the United States. Using court data from 71 cases of individuals in the United States charged with providing support to ISIS, and comparing this profile to the established profiles of other non-traditional criminal groups, this exploratory study attempts to be a first effort in examining the contributions criminology can make to the study of terrorism; from both theoretical and law enforcement perspectives.
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Juodviršis, Alius. "Nusikaltėlio asmenybės Lietuvoje kriminologinė charakteristika." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20060322_120059-49910.
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The criminal‘s personality is the subject of research of various sciences. Every discipline raises it’s tasks and uses it’s and generally accredited methods at the time of analysis of problem of criminal’s personality. The person, who has done a criminal act as the subject of research is being analyzed from various sides – as the personality, as the subject of a criminal act and as individual.