Relevant bibliographies by topics / Criminal

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Criminal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Criminal"

1

Чан Тхи Ту Ань and Chan Tkhi Tu An. "CRIMINAL LIABILITY AS PROVIDED FOR UNDER THE LAWS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM: AGE LIMITATIONS." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 5 (December 2, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16142.

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Criminal responsibility is one of the types of legal responsibility. State agencies apply it to persons for the commission of a crime. Imposing of criminal penalties on a juvenile who has committed a socially — dangerous act is a challenging problem in criminal legislations in all countries. Age is one of a criminal’s mandatory basic characteristics that influences the differentiation of criminal responsibility for persons, who committed crime. The issue of determining the minimum and general age threshold for juveniles’ criminal responsibility is recognized to be a challenging problem. The article analyzes the importance of the age of criminals and the age of juveniles who commit crimes, for differentiation of their criminal responsibility, regulated by the Criminal Codes of the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The author analyzes the problem of age determining when a person becomes criminally liable. The author provides recommendations on making alterations and amendments, related to determination of age limits for criminals, into the criminal legislations of Russia and Vietnam. The purpose of this article is the analysis of the age for criminal responsibility and the age of juveniles, the problem of lowering the minimum age of a criminal, and also the issue of dividing juveniles into several age groups. On the basis of the analysis, the author proposes improvements to the provision about the age of criminal responsibility in general, and the age of juveniles in particular.
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Nordstrom, Benjamin R., and Charles A. Dackis. "Drugs and Crime." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 39, no. 4 (December 2011): 663–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318531103900407.

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Drug law violations and other crimes related to substance abuse incur dire costs in terms of both financial outlay and human suffering. This review of the current professional literature addresses the identification of risk factors and the longitudinal course of addiction and criminal behavior. Results indicate that neither criminally active drug users nor drug users in general are monolithic groups in terms of manifestations of criminal behavior. Drug use and criminal activity are depicted as mutually facilitative behaviors, with research outcomes tending to convey that although drug addiction does not turn nonviolent criminals into violent criminals, active addiction does increase the frequency of criminal activity.
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Nikam, Prof R. A. "Automatic Face Recognition and Detection for Criminal Identification Using Machine Learning." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 5599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52959.

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Abstract: With the use of machine learning technologies, discovering connections and patterns among various types of data has gotten much easier. Finding out what kind of crime might happen given the location where it has previously occurred is the main goal of this research. We have created a model utilizing the machine learning concept using a training set of data that has been cleaned up and transformed. In contemporary civilization, criminal activity is growing dramatically. Effectively identifying criminals to stop crime is the police's principal challenge, but there aren't enough policemen to go around. There are numerous technical approaches to apprehend criminals, yet many of them are ineffective. In this project, a face detection and recognition system for criminal identification is created using a machine learning algorithm. This system will be able to instantly differentiate the 3D faces of criminals and recognize their faces. This system's one-shot learning method only requires a single image of the criminal to identify him. The objective is to identify the criminal from a distance, extract the criminal's information from the database, and notify the police personnel of the location where the criminal was being observed by a camera.
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Cartwright, Anna, and Edward Cartwright. "Ransomware and Reputation." Games 10, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g10020026.

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Ransomware is a particular form of cyber-attack in which a victim loses access to either his electronic device or files unless he pays a ransom to criminals. A criminal’s ability to make money from ransomware critically depends on victims believing that the criminal will honour ransom payments. In this paper we explore the extent to which a criminal can build trust through reputation. We demonstrate that there are situations in which it is optimal for the criminal to always return the files and situations in which it is not. We argue that the ability to build reputation will depend on how victims distinguish between different ransomware strands. If ransomware is to survive as a long term revenue source for criminals then they need to find ways of building a good reputation.
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Chiniev, Dilshod, and Umidaxon Sobitova. "CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IDENTITY OF THE INVADER IN THE CRIME OF HOSTAGE." Criminology and Criminal Justice 3, no. 1 (April 29, 2023): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.1./gxja5889.

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This article examines the concept and content of the criminological characteristics of the criminal invader. The characteristic features of the criminal invader in the crime as hostage-taking, and forming a criminogenic and criminal personality, are considered. The structure of the criminal’s personality has been studied, which includes three groups: socio-demographic, socio-role (functional) and socio-psychological. The article also examines the types of persons who committed hostage-taking and puts forward the following types: politicized, criminal and unbalanced. The transitions from the criminal type of criminals to the politicized type and, conversely, from the politicized to the criminal type are explained by example. In addition, the experience of the FBI conducted by the staff of this bureau related to the division of criminals taking hostages into four specific categories is analyzed. Thus, the specialists of this bureau note that more than 50% of all cases of hostage-taking are committed by mentally ill people. This means that a large and solid part is made up of the mentally ill. For a comprehensive approach, along with determining the motives for hostage-taking and studying the psychological characteristics of criminals in preparation for the negotiation process, the types of situations associated with hostage-taking are considered in detail. A table is presented in the form of an appendix, which includes examples of responses of law enforcement officers to the questions of the hostage-taking questionnaire.
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Izydorczyk, Jacek. "Prawda w procesie karnym." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica, no. 73 (January 1, 2014): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.73.07.

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The article Truth in criminal trial points out great importance of facts in every criminal procedure. The author presents a new look at some legal regulations in Poland. For example he strongly criticizes laws (and practice!) which forbid disclosure of a criminal’s personal data. It is just unfair towards decent citizens because they might be future victims of such criminals. By the way: veritatem sequi est tueri iustitiam.
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Gottschalk, Petter. "White-Collar Criminals in Modern Management." Modern Management Science & Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/mmse.v1i1.5.

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Criminal behavior among executives is a complicated challenge in human resource management.Based on a sample of 305 convicted white-collar criminals in Norway, four groups of criminals arediscussed in this paper: criminal entrepreneurs, corporate criminals, criminal followers, and femalecriminals. There are significant differences between these groups. Crime amount in terms of Norwegiankroner is highest for corporate criminals and lowest for female criminals. It is interesting to note thaneven if crime amount for corporate criminals is higher than for criminal entrepreneurs, corporatecriminals receive a shorter jail sentence than criminal entrepreneurs. It seems that crime on behalf ofthe business is treated more mildly in court, when compared to crime on behalf of the person himself.When followers are involved in the crime, there are more persons participating in the crime. The lowestnumber of participants is found in cases of criminal entrepreneurship.
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Waghchoure, Prof V. N., Vedant B. Thakur, Prathamesh D. Raul, and Rishik P. Khandelwal. "FACE IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFYING THE CRIMINALS." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 03 (March 1, 2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem28948.

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We all know that our Face is a unique and crucial part of the human body structure that identifies a person. Therefore, we can use it to trace the identity of a criminal person. With the advancement in technology, we are placed CCTV at many public places to capture the criminal’s crime. Using the previously captured faces and criminal’s images that are available in the police station, the criminal face recognition system of can be implemented. In this paper, we propose an automatic criminal identification system for Police Department to enhance and upgrade the criminal distinguishing into a more effective and efficient approach. Using technology, this idea will add plus point in the current system while bringing criminals spotting to a whole new level by automating tasks. Technology working behind it will be face recognition, from the footage captured by the CCTV cameras; our system will detect the face and recognize the criminal who is coming to that public place. The captured images of the person coming to that public place get compared with the criminal data we have in our database. If any person’s face from public place matches, the system will display their image on the system screen and will give the message with their name that the criminal is found and present in this public place. This system matching more than 80% of the captured images with database images. keywords: Face Detection, Face Recognition, Open-CV, Image Processing
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Варыгин, Александр Николаевич. "CRIMINAL PERSONALITY NOWADAYS: CHANGE, STUDY AND UNDERSTANDING." Вестник Казанского юридического института МВД России, no. 2(52) (June 29, 2023): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37973/kui.2023.48.85.007.

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Введение: в статье рассматривается личность современного преступника, анализируются отдельные социально-демографические и уголовно-правовые характеристики преступников и их изменения за последние 20 лет. Выявляются пробелы в изучении личности преступника в криминологических исследованиях, определяются их причины. Материалы и методы: всеобщий диалектический метод познания явился методологической основой статьи. Также автором применены общенаучные и частнонаучные методы познания: статистический, историко-правовой метод, системно-структурный анализ, аналогия, обобщение, сравнение, дифференциация, наблюдение, аналитическое обследование и иные методы исследования. Результаты исследования: рассмотрены наиболее типичные свойства и качества личности преступника социально-демографического и уголовно-правового характера, определены причины их изменения за 20 лет. Отмечается, что, несмотря на постоянное обращение криминологов к проблеме личности преступника, многие аспекты проблемы до сих пор не изучены: личности неосторожного преступника, преступника с расстройствами личности, преступника-мигранта и некоторых иных категорий лиц, нарушающих уголовный закон. Обсуждение и заключение: автор определяет, что причины неполного изучения личности преступника связаны с отсутствием научного исследовательского интереса к отдельным категориям преступников, необходимостью использования достижений многих других наук о человеке, неполном использовании психологических методов изучения преступника. Отмечается, что в связи с изменением экономических, социально-политических, демографических и иных отношений в обществе меняются характеристики личности преступника, что требует нового подхода к ее изучению. Introduction: the author examines a criminal personality nowadays, analyzes individual social and demographical and criminal and legal characteristics of criminals and their changes over the past twenty years. Gaps in the study of the criminal's personality in criminological research are identified, their causes are determined. Materials and Methods: the universal dialectical method of cognition was the methodological basis for the study. The author also applied general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition: statistical, historical and legal methods, system and structural analysis, analogy, generalization, comparison, differentiation, observation, analytical examination and other research methods. Results: the most typical properties and qualities of the criminal's personality of a socio and demographic, and criminal and legal nature are considered, the reasons for their changes over the above period are determined. It is noted that, despite the constant appeal of criminologists to the problem of the criminal's identity, many of its problems have not yet been studied. This applies to the identity of a careless criminal, a criminal with personality disorders, a migrant criminal and some other categories of persons who violate criminal law. Discussion and Conclusions: the author determines that the reasons for incomplete study of the criminal personality are related to a lack of research interest in certain categories of criminals, to use the achievements of many other human sciences, incomplete use of psychological methods of studying the criminal. It is noted that due to changes in economic, socio-political, demographic and other relations in society, the characteristics of the criminal personality are changing, which requires a new approach to its study.
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Zbigniew Lasocik. "The Professional Criminal." Archives of Criminology, no. XXVI (May 5, 2002): 17–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2001-2002b.

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The article seeks to sum up all that has been said on the subject of professional criminality in the past half-century. It was never any part of the author’s aim to offer an analysis of contemporary professional crime. He viewed his task in much more modest terms. First of all he presents the origins of professional crime in a historical perspective and adduces the traditional definitions of the phenomenon dating to the first decade of the 20th century. Next he addresses the issue of empirical determination of the scale of professional crime and presents more recent approaches to description of this kind of criminality and attempts to define the concept of professional criminal. In an account with a primarily sociological focus the emphasis is on the origins of professional criminality seen as one of many mechanisms regulating the behavior of individuals. Historical sources indicate that professional criminality made its appearance during the late Middle Ages when feudal social structures were overtaken by a process of disintegration. The rise of this type of crime was made possibile by the materialization of conducive social and economic conditions such as changes in social structure and mass production. Professional crime is a product of modern societies, which employ money and produce surpluses of goods. In primitive societies there are not enough goods in the possession of the average citizen for the professional criminal to make a livelihood from larceny and for this occupation to be viable as one of the forms of organized social activity. Scholars did not discern this problem until the end of the 19th century. The first one to introduce the idea of the professional criminal to the language of criminology, law and sociology was F. Liszt. This was at a time when lawyers, anthropologists and sociologists were engaged in debates and arguments on the subject of repeated criminality and ways of tackling crime of this type. It was then that there came the first definition of professional criminality. There was agreement among many analysts of that period that the most important thing was to recognize that wrongdoers polish their expertise in the art of committing crime and make such activities a permanent source of income. Simultaneously, in the United States there came the beginnings of in-depth studies of social phenomena, including crime, pioneered by the Chicago School. One result of the new investigative approach was the first studies of professional crime, notably Edwin Sutherland’s well-known work The Professional Thief. The traditional definition of the concept of professional criminal derives precisely from this period, that is the first half of the 19th century. Though investigations in Europe and the United States followed a variety of directions the findings with regard to the principal characteristics of professional criminals were substantially similar. The basic characteristic was seen to be the fact that professional criminals earn their living from committing crimes, which means that the time normally devoted to employment is in their case devoted to planning and carrying out criminal activities. A second salient characteristic was possession of the requisite knowledge, skills and experience in the field of criminal activity. Another influence on this kind of career choice is a sense of identification with the criminal world and a hostile attitude to the representatives of law and order although the professional criminal also knows how to deal with them in a crisis situation (e.g. arest). Despite the existence of a host of writings on the subject of professional criminality and agreement among many authors about its principal characteristics, voices questioning the existence of such a category as the professional criminal continue to make themselves heard. The aforementioned works also includes ones whose authors attempted empirical verification of the existence of such a category of criminals and determination of the scale of professional criminality as a social phenomenon. Here investigation encountered obstacles as it was found that the more or less generally accepted definition of professional criminal did not easily lend itself to the process of operationalization. None the less, as a result of research conducted in various countries, in various periods and by diverse methods scholars have succeeded in establishing that professional criminality does exist and is a widespread phenomenon rather than the elite occupation that it might appear to be based on the proposed definitions. Students of the subject suggest that the number of persons meeting the definition (even in its simplest version) should be estimated in thousands rather than double digits. Professional criminality is from a legal point of view a phenomenon of no interest. The commission of a crime by a perpetrator who can be characterized as a professional criminal does not in most cases weigh for anything in determining the degree of criminal responsibility. However, professional crime is of interest as a social phenomenon, which explains why the literature on the subject is dominated by works with a typically sociological approach. Scholarly inquiry revolved around a number of problems which in terms of the intrinsic nature of the phenomenon discussed here are of the essence. Of these the most important are the relationship between professional criminals and their social environment and with the wider community, their attitude to law enforcement agencies, social status, rationalization of their behavior, and the machinery of recruitment to this group. Though the relations between the criminal and the “occupational” group take a diversity of forms, it is those of a normative character which are of overriding significance. It is thanks to the criminal group that he acquires professional criminal status and the group which lays down the system of rulet for the criminal’s social and professional conduct and which forms the natural infrastructure for criminal activity. On the other hand, every criminal is also a member of society to which he is connected by a multiplicity of ties. If he is to function in the community at all normally, even if it is only on the fringes of social life, he has somehow to rationalize his behavior which is, at bottom, directed against society. The most frequent way in which he does this is by questioning the honesty of all other participants in the social situation or by moral disparagement of his victim. There is no agreement among scholars on the question of nature of the professional criminal’s attitude to “normal” society. Some maintain that it is negative, others that it is positive. The former stress the fact that a negative attitude is a simple consequence of employing rationalization mechanisms which place the perpetrator of crimes in a conflict or at best hostility relationship with society. According to the opposite school of thought professional criminals try to maintain the best possible relations with society and are sympathetically disposed towards it since its success and well-being are for them a guarantee of rich pickings. However, there is a special relationship between professional criminals and the representatives of law enforcement. A natural consequence of their chosen career is that they are in a state of permanent conflict with the guardians of law and order. However, conflict does not necessarily mean enmity. Police officers regard the elite of the criminal world with a peculiar kind of respect, especially thieves who do not resort to violence. Though professional criminals treat police officers or prison guards as their adversaries they acknowledge their superiority at the moment of apprehension. They then go out of their way to gain an officer’s favor and will not shrink from attempting bribery and occasionally even passing on information. The normative character of the professional criminal’s relations with the criminal group means that the machinery of recruitment of new members becomes the crux of the matter. On this point, too, researchers’ opinions are divided. There are those who contend that the phenomenon of recruitment exists and that it is the crucial element in the creation of occupational identity and internalization of group norms. The critics of this view readily cite empirical data which indicate that criminals themselves deny the existence of a phenomenon of recruitment and its performance of any kind of regulatory function. The so-called traditional method of defining professional crime, given currency by European legal theorists and American sociologists in the first half of the 19th century, has come under criticism in recent decades. Researcher representing various theoretical schools have gathered empirical evidence that calls in question the existence of a category of professional criminals who make their living solely from crime, specialize in one kind of crime and are closely connected with the criminal world, the latter being their point of reference and source of norms and rules of conduct. The reality seems to be more complicated. Among criminals there are some who are beyond question professionals and specialists in some area of activity but have never belonged to any sort of criminal community. There are also felons who have strong links to criminal groups but engage in a diversity of criminal activity and do not aspire to any form of specialization. It is becoming increasingly frequent to treat the criminal community not as a reference group but as a natural infrastructure for criminal activity. A question that arises in this context concerns the connections between professional crime and organized crime which for years was treated by criminology as a separate and distinct phenomenon. In the crime patterns of recent decades there have also appeared other developments (car theft, cybercrime) with respect to which the traditional method of defining professional crime has proved useless. The questions raised and the doubts voiced have confronted criminology with the necessity of redefining professional criminality. However, if the phenomenon is viewed in a somewhat broader perspective it has to be noted that one of the most important challenges for contemporary criminology might prove to be reorientation of theoretical reflection on the subject of definition and classification of criminal behavior in general and by the same token reorientation of our way of thinking about construction of typology of crime.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Criminal"

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Krusen, Richard Montgomery 1954. "Cognitive Indices of Criminal Thought: Criminals Versus Non-Criminals." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330871/.

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The ability of several psychometric instruments to differentiate between criminal and non-criminal subjects was investigated. The subjects in the study consisted of fifty male individuals between the ages of 18 and 55, half of which had been convicted of one crime and half of which had no history of criminal activity. The tests administered consisted of the Psychopathic Deviation Scale from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Psychopathic Deviation Scale of the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire, and two tests designed by the author. The author's tests consisted of the Test of Criminal Cognitions which evaluated antisocial thought patterns and cognitive flexibility, and the Social Semantics Test which assessed individual role definitions. The Test of Criminal Cognitions was administered as a part of a structured interview, and all other scales were administered in a paper and pencil format. The results indicated that the Psychopathic Deviation Scale of the MMPI, and a portion of both the Test of Criminal Cognitions and the Social Semantics Scales differentiated between the groups at the .05 level or better. These findings indicated that criminals tend to be significantly less flexible in their thought and tend to view others in a much more narcissistic manner than non-criminals. The results also indicated that these tests can be utilized to discriminate between criminals and non-criminals. It was additionally noted that the Psychopathic Deviation Scale of the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire did not consistently differentiate between the groups and should not be considered a valid instrument for discriminating between these groups.
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Obinna, Denise N. "American Deportation and the `Non-Criminal’ Criminals." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437579909.

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Barksby, Kelly. "Constructing criminals : the creation of identity within criminal mafias." Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/3806/.

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Constructing criminals: the creation of identity within criminal mafias This thesis seeks to demonstrate that there has been a change in the social and cultural aspects of established organised criminal sub-cultures by observing the changes that have taken place in how identity is constructed. The literature is comparatively lacking in emphasis when compared to information about specific criminal activities and the threat of the organisations. This study finds that the social and cultural dimensions of established organised criminal sub-cultures can be equally important and indicative of changes in those organisations. This thesis analyses the change in how established organised criminal sub-cultures, or mafias, have perceived and used identity over the last twenty years and asks whether this can be indicative of a change in the social and cultural model of these organisations. The study is comparative and will focus on how identity in four distinct mafias from across the world - the Russian mafiya, Sicilian mafia, the Japanese yakuza and the Chinese triads - is constructed and how this has changed. The Russian mafiya was the first of the established organised criminal sub-cultures to demonstrate this change whereby identity was used in a different way from its criminal underworld roots. The study also analyses the literature available from gang studies to ask whether the recognised focus upon identity can be interpreted with reference to the established organised criminal sub-cultures. This thesis considers that a criminal identity is constructed through a variety of customs and behaviours including mythology and legend, language and oral traditions and the visual image that a group portrays. A contextual approach is proposed, whereby organisations create and negotiate criminal identities at different scales, by which a street level identity might be more distinctive.
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Clavijo, Jave Camilo. "Criminal compliance in the peruvian criminal law." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115578.

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First, this work proposes a study of the origin, elements and application of the Compliance Program or, also named, Regulatory Compliance Program. The aforementioned program is understood as an internal device that corporations use not only to comply with the current legislation but also to prevent and detect legal violations they could be found in or as part of the activities they carry out.Second, it tries to explain and develop the connection between, on one hand, the new risks in the financial and technological development and, on the other hand, Criminal Law as a protective body of important legal assets for society. The aim is to analyze Criminal Compliance to get the corporationto manage its activities under current legislation, especially Criminal Law.In this regard, it enlarges the sectoral developments based on the Peruvian Government’s implementation of the the Compliance Program in the legal framework.Finally, it analyzes the impact of Criminal Compliance in the criminal legal framework. For that end, it refers to the criminal liability system in Peru and in what way it impacts on the application of Criminal Compliance.
El trabajo propone, en primer lugar, un estudio del origen, los elementos y la aplicación del Compliance Program o, también llamado, Programa de Cumplimiento Normativo, entendido como un dispositivo interno que las empresas implementan para cumplir con la normatividad vigente, así como para prevenir y detectar las infracciones legales que se produzcan dentro de las mismas o como parte de las actividades que estas realizan. Asimismo, se intenta explicar y desarrollar la relación entre los nuevos riesgos, debido al desarrollo económico y tecnológico, y el derecho penal como ente protector de bienes jurídicos de importancia para la sociedad. Esto último tiene como finalidad analizar el Criminal Compliance, destinado a que la empresa ordene su actividad conforme a la normativa aplicable, en especial la ley penal. En tal sentido, se desarrolla la aplicación que el Estado peruano ha realizado del referido Programa de Cumplimiento Normativo en el ordenamiento jurídico, en concreto los avances sectoriales. Finalmente, se analiza el impacto del Criminal Compliance en el ordenamiento jurídico penal. Para ello, se hace una referencia al sistema de responsabilidad penal adoptado en el Perú y de qué manera esto impacta en la aplicación del Criminal Compliance.
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Sampaio, Carlo Vaz. "Racionalidade criminal." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/107542.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Florianópolis, 2013.
Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-06T00:24:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 320473.pdf: 394703 bytes, checksum: 3cd80924c106eccea084db52e6cba729 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Este trabalho busca entender se crimes no estado de Santa Catarina apresentam um comportamento racional. Foram analisados somente crimes que apresentam fins monetários, em uma medição utilitarista na comparação entre rendas provindas do trabalho e crime. As bases dedados acessadas focam o período de 2011. Investigam-se duas hipóteses: os crimes analisados não possuem um retorno positivo e que a renda esperada representa um importante papel nas escolhas entre trabalho e crime. A abordagem econométrica, linear multivariada OLS, foi aplicada nos determinantes da renda, enquanto que os dados criminais receberam uma análise descritiva e probabilística. Os resultados indicam suportar as hipóteses.

Abstract : This paper tries to understand whether crimes in the state of Santa Catarina behave rationally. Only crimes that have monetary purposes, in a utilitarian measure in comparingrents stemmed from work and crime, were analyzed. The databases accessed focused on the period of 2011. Two hypotheses were investigated: that the crimes analyzed didnot have a positive return and that the expected in come has an important role in the choice between work and crime.The econometric approach, multivariate linear OLS wasapplied in determining the income, while the criminal data received a descriptive and probabilistic analysis. The results indicate that the hypotheses are supported.
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ALMEIDA, CARLOS ALBERTO GARCETE DE. "THE CRIMINAL LEGAL TREATMENT OF CRIMINAL ORGANIZATION IN BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20969@1.

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FUNDAÇÃO ESCOLA SUPERIOR DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Tratar de tema tão relevante como a dimensão constitucional do tribunal do júri, com o fito de, em última instância, mostrar a razão por que se enquadra dentre os direitos fundamentais não é tarefa das mais singelas. É cediço que os direitos fundamentais decorrem de conquistas históricas que devem ser bem compreendidas e valoradas. São características principais dos direitos fundamentais a historicidade, a inalienabilidade, a indisponibilidade, a indivisibilidade e a imprescritibilidade. Não por outra razão, os direitos fundamentais são reputados os direitos básicos de uma sociedade que viva sob a égide do Estado Democrático de Direito, como, à guisa de exemplo, os direitos à vida, à liberdade, à propriedade, ao meio ambiente, à saúde, à educação, à cultura. Neste viés, busca-se, nesta dissertação, resgatar a evolução histórica do tribunal do júri até seu estádio atual, inserido na Constituição Federal de 1988 — a Carta Cidadã —, onde se encontra inserido como garantia fundamental do cidadão. Sem embargo das críticas lançadas contra os julgamentos populares, por decorrência do influxo da cultura positivista-normativa, é certo afirmar que essa instituição resistiu a todos os regimes ditatoriais e subsiste até os dias atuais, sendo o maior exemplo de arena na qual os princípios da ampla defesa e contraditório e da amplitude de defesa são exercitados à exaustão.
Addressing a topic as relevant as the dimension of the constitutional jury trial, aiming, as final instance to show the reason why it falls among the fundamental rights is not the simplest task. It s evident that fundamental rights are the result of historical achievements that must be understood and valued. Its historicity, inalienability, non-availability, indivisibility and imprescriptibility, are the main features of fundamental rights. For no other reason, fundamental rights are deemed basic rights of a society living under the aegis of a democratic state, as, by way of example, the rights to life, liberty, property, environment, health, education, culture. In this way, we seek to, in this work, to rescue the historical evolution of the jury to its current stage, inserted in the Constitution of 1988 - the Citizen Charter - where it is included as a fundamental guarantee of the citizen. Notwithstanding from the criticisms launched against the popular judgments, due to the influence of the positivist-normative culture, it is right to say that this institution has resisted all dictatorial regimes and continues until the present day, being the greatest example of arena in which the principles of contradictory and full defense and range of protection are exercised to exhaustion.
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FILHO, ROBERTO GURGEL DE OLIVEIRA. "THE CRIMINAL LEGAL TREATMENT OF CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS IN BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21215@1.

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FUNDAÇÃO ESCOLA SUPERIOR DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL
O panorama de nossos dias, onde a criminalidade atingiu índices elevadíssimos, gera uma enorme preocupação na população mundial ante a proliferação de organizações criminosas especializadas em práticas de crimes graves que atingem bem jurídicos e direitos fundamentais como a vida, a paz pública, a liberdade em todas as suas esferas, o meio-ambiente, a saúde pública, a ordem econômica, a probidade administrativa, o voto direto, entre outros direitos. Diante dos ataques a bens jurídicos relevantes, o Estado, como tem se tornado costume, busca uma lei emergencial que possa criar tipos penais para solucionar e acabar com as ações criminosas destas organizações de maneira imediata. Ocorre que, tais normas não tem o poderio para enfraquecer o crime organizado no que diz respeito à sua estrutura financeira e ações delitivas. Com isso, tenta-se incutir nas sociedades a falsa idéia de combate às organizações criminosas de maneira efetiva. É dentro desta realidade que o trabalho inicia-se tratando da origem do crime organizado no Brasil bem como faz a análise das principais organizações criminosas brasileiras. Em seguida, estuda-se a legislação comparada sobre o tema e as diversas leis pátrias que tratam de associações criminosas, em especial a Lei 9.034/95 – Lei do Crime Organizado. A seguir, são realizados estudos de alguns projetos de leis em andamento no Congresso Nacional sobre o tema e uma sugestão de lei de combate ao crime organizado. Por fim, passa-se às considerações finais a cerca do tema a partir de um estudo científico e casuístico da matéria.
The overview of present days, where the criminality reached very high levels, creates a huge preoccupation on the world’s population front of the increase of specialized criminal organizations practicing felonies that reach legal rights and fundamental rights as life. Public peace, freedom in all levels, environment, public health, economical order, administrative integrity, the direct vote and many others are among these rights. Front of the attack on legal significant rights, the State, as it has been usual, searches for an emergency law that may create penal types to solve and end the criminal actions of these organizations in an immediate way. It occurs that such rules do not have the power to weaken the organized crime in its financial structure and outlaw actions. So, it has been tried to infuse in the societies the false idea of combat to the criminal organizations in an effective way. It is inside of this reality that begins the work treating with the origin of organized crime in Brazil as well analyzes the main Brazilian criminal organizations. Right after, it is studied the legislation compared the theme and the many laws that treat the criminal associations, especially Law 9.03495 – Law of Organized Crime. It has also been realized studies of some projects of laws in course in the National Congress about the theme and a suggestion of law to combat the organized crime. At last, final considerations about the theme whereof a scientific and casuistic study of the subject.
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Van, Nevel Jolene M. "From Combat Veterans to Criminals: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Criminal Justice Involvement." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4183.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is currently known as the silent killer among combat veterans who have served in Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation New Dawn. Many combat veterans do not know or understand that they may be suffering from mental illness/disorders such as PTSD and turn to maladaptive behavior, resulting in criminal justice involvement (CJI). The goal of this study was to assess a relationship between PTSD and CJI among combat veterans. This study used cognitive behavior theory to understand the relationship between PTSD, CJI, and combat. This study used a predictive correlational design and statistical analysis of retrospective archival data (N=146) provided by the Department of Veteran Affairs to find the correlation between PTSD, CJI, and combat. The 5 research questions were: Does PTSD positively predict CJI in combat veterans? Does criminal history pre combat positively predict CJI in combat veterans who have PTSD? Does combat trauma experience positively predict CJI in combat veterans with PTSD? Does deployment length positively predict PTSD in combat veterans? And do multiple deployments positively predict PTSD in combat veterans? This study determined that PTSD did not significantly predict CJI and that criminal history did not predict PTSD. However, this study did predict that multiple deployments and length of deployment does predict PTSD in combat veterans. This study provides a way to bring change to how veterans are treated in the criminal justice system. This is important for many reasons, such as the positive social change it will have on the veteran community through providing insight on the changes that need to be made in PTSD awareness education and possible change in assessment and treatment of PTSD.
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Valiér, Claire Elizabeth. "Looking for the criminal : forensic science, criminal investigation, and subjectivity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620966.

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Glazebrook, S. G. M. "Justice in transition : Crime, criminals and criminal justice in Revolutionary Rouen, 1790-1800." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384068.

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Books on the topic "Criminal"

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Alfred, Blumstein, and National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Research on Criminal Careers., eds. Criminal careers and "career criminals". Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1986.

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Anttila, Inkeri. Ad ius criminale humanius: Essays in criminology, criminal justice and criminal policy. Helsinki: Finnish Lawyers' Association, 2001.

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Wells, Michael L. Modern criminal procedure, basic criminal procedure, advanced criminal. [Place of publication not identified]: West Group (Law), 2009.

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Claire, Fitzpatrick, and Francis Brian, eds. Understanding criminal careers. Cullompton, Devon: Willan, 2009.

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Slaughter, Karin. Criminal. [Bath]: AudioGO, 2012.

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Slaughter, Karin. Criminal. Thorndike, Maine: Center Point Publishing, 2012.

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Brubaker, Ed. Criminal. New York: Icon, 2007.

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Bartol, Curt R. Pearson criminal justice: Criminal behavior. New York: Pearson Learning Solutions, 2010.

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University of London. Faculty of Laws., ed. Criminal law and criminal justice. London: Faculty of Laws, University of London, 1985.

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Sá, Alvino Augusto de. Criminologia criminal e psicologia criminal. 2nd ed. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Editora Revista dos Tribunais, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Criminal"

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Emsley, Clive. "The criminal class and professional criminals." In Crime and Society in England, 1750–1900, 175–86. Fifth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Themes in British social history: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315144719-7.

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Beauregard, Eric, Patrick Lussier, and Jean Proulx. "Criminal Propensity and Criminal Opportunity." In Criminal Profiling, 89–113. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-146-2_5.

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Mousourakis, George. "Criminal Law and Criminal Justice." In Roman Law and the Origins of the Civil Law Tradition, 159–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12268-7_4.

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Brownsword, Roger. "Criminal Law and Criminal Justice." In Technology, Governance and Respect for the Law, 51–68. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003315599-11.

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Sahni, Sanjeev P., and Nisha Phakey. "Criminal Psychology: Understanding Criminal Behaviour." In Criminal Psychology and the Criminal Justice System in India and Beyond, 21–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4570-9_2.

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Boutellier, Hans. "Morality, Criminal Justice and Criminal Events." In Crime and Morality, 1–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0013-4_1.

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Megargee, Edwin I. "Criminal Behavior." In Clinical Psychology, 231–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9715-2_9.

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Walker, Lenore E., David Shapiro, and Stephanie Akl. "Criminal Responsibility." In Introduction to Forensic Psychology, 37–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44470-9_4.

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Paclebar, Anne Marie R., Bryan Myers, and Jocelyn Brineman. "Criminal Profiling." In Criminal Profiling, 249–62. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-146-2_11.

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Dux, Moira C. "Criminal Forensics." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1012–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_958.

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Conference papers on the topic "Criminal"

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Romanovna, Afanasieva Olga, Afanasyev Pavel Borisovich, Goncharova Maria Vitalievna, Novikov Valery Anatolyevich, and Shiyan Valentina Ivanovna. "Criminal Community (Criminal Organization): Concept And Criminal Law Signs." In International Conference on Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.4.

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Dewi, Dian, and Zudan Fakrulloh. "The Effectiveness of Criminal Sanctions Against the Narcotics Criminals." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2021, March 6th 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-3-2021.2306878.

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Milošević, Milan. "CRIMINAL LAW PROTECTION OF DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATIVES: TRADITION, CRIMINAL AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW." In Tradicija, krivično i međunarodno krivično pravo. Srpsko udruženje za međunarodno krivično pravo, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tkmkp24.201m.

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There are several reasons why it is necessary to return again and again and critically evaluate the problems of criminal legal protection of diplomatic representatives in national and international criminal law. The same applies to the incrimination of endangering an internationally protected person, which has existed in the legislation of the Republic of Serbia since 1990. The essential international legal framework of that incrimination is contained in the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against. Internationally Pro- tected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents from 1973. The criminal offense of endangering an internationally protected person was omitted from our legislation in the period from 2005 to 2012, and in the mean- time its name and legal description have been changed several times. Despite this, the level of criminal protection of diplomatic representa- tives in Serbia has always been high and harmonized with the appro- priate norms of both customary and written international law.
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Životić, Ilija, and Ivan Pekić. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRIMINAL GROUPS AND PUBLIC FUNCTIONS." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.4.21.p15.

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Some criminal groups take every opportunity to infiltrate legitimate businesses; other criminal groups aim to make profits through politics and close contact with senior officials leading governments, by tracking money through campaigning for elections at both the local and state level, then through misuse of state resources, by creating a criminal organization which does not stop from anything and anyone. In this scientific work we will discuss briefly on the case of the former and sole president of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro until its dissemination in 2006, Svetozar Marovic. Marovic, even after admitting being the head of an organized crime group, and for this being sentenced to three years and ten months in prison, is still not serving his sentence today. The aim of the research in this work is to prove the hypothesis that criminal groups succeed in corrupting high holders of public office, making them criminals. The data collection and research technique will be to analyze the content of texts of legal and political documents, as well as available literature in this field, relevant internet sources and journals. Key words: Criminal groups, corruption, politics, criminal law, state power
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Park, Mookyu, Junwoo Seo, Kyoungmin Kim, Moosung Park, and Kyungho Lee. "Criminal Minds." In CCS '17: 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3139923.3139936.

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Mohanty, Abhinav, Pooja Murarisetty, Ngoc Diep Nguyen, Julio César Bahamon, Harini Ramaprasad, and Meera Sridhar. "Criminal Investigations." In SIGCSE '21: The 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3439630.

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Mohammed, Ausama. "Criminal risk and its impact on criminal individualization." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp222-237.

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This paper deals with the concept of criminal danger and its effectiveness within the authority of the judge in assessing the penalty, or punitive individualization. Criminal danger as stated in its statement as a psychological condition and potential danger in the future as a result of research and investigation of several factors and motives in the personality of the offender, and research in his social environment, has an impact and close connection With the penalty and its assessment on the offender, the duty to reveal this case falls within the responsibility of the judge through a pre-judgment examination, and it begins from the first stages of committing the crime all the way to the judgment and assessment of the appropriate penalty. It carries it from the privacy and differentiation. As for assessing and individualizing the penalty, it is the result of a correct and in-depth reading of the offender’s personality to reach what is better and more appropriate for the offender towards reforming and returning him fit to live in society.
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Nurhilmiyah, Nurhilmiyah, Ida Hanifah, and Asliani Asliani. "Existence Of Criminal Fine In Criminal Act Of Corruption." In Proceedings of the First Nommensen International Conference on Creativity & Technology, NICCT, 20-21 September 2019, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-9-2019.2296593.

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Милова, Ирина Евгеньевна, Анастасия Анатольевна Саликова, and Владимир Алексеевич Ржевский. "MECHANISMS OF CRIMINAL-LEGAL COUNTERACTION TO CRIMINAL CASHING OUT." In Научные исследования в современном мире. Теория и практика: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской (национальной) научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nitp317.2021.50.16.002.

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Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме, связанной с попыткой ряда предпринимателей избежать уплаты налогов. В этой связи они прибегают к услугам криминальных лиц, которые за определенный процент осуществляют обналичивание. Подобные злоупотребления наносят колоссальный ущерб экономической системе России, что требует принятия комплекса мер, в том числе, уголовно-правовой направленности. The article is devoted to the actual problem related to the attempt of a number of entrepreneurs to avoid paying taxes. In this regard, they resort to the services of criminal persons who cash out for a certain percentage. Such abuses cause enormous damage to the economic system of Russia, which requires the adoption of a set of measures, including criminal law.
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Akbar, Slamet, Fajar Sudewo, and Achmad Hamzani. "Practice of Criminal Actions in Criminal Acts of Corruption." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, MALAPY 2022, 28 May 2022, Tegal, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-5-2022.2320545.

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Reports on the topic "Criminal"

1

Plowman, Kent M. Criminal Investigation Program Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada202444.

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NAVAL JUSTICE SCHOOL NEWPORT RI. Criminal Law Study Guide. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada210285.

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NAVAL JUSTICE SCHOOL NEWPORT RI. Criminal Law Study Guide. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada243909.

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Bunn, Sarah, and Penelope Brown. Age of Criminal Responsibility. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn577.

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A POSTnote that discusses the age of criminal responsibility and explores issues arising from international legal standards, the scientific research on children's mental and moral development, and alternative approaches to dealing with children in conflict with the law.
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Paul, Satashree. The Criminal Behavior of Genes. Science Repository OÜ, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/sr.blog.14.

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Identifying the crucial role of genetics in criminal behavior implies there must be something known as a “Crime Gene”. Genes come out as the strongest predictor of whether a person has predisposition towards crime or any criminal behavior.
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NAVAL JUSTICE SCHOOL NEWPORT RI. Criminal Law Study Guide (Revision). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada351003.

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NAVAL JUSTICE SCHOOL NEWPORT RI. Criminal Law Study Guide. Revision. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229204.

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Alexander, Quinton. Who Am I? Criminal Social Identity as a Mediator in the Relationship between Criminal Peers and Criminal Attitudes within a Sample of Probationers/Parolees. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6363.

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Rossinskiy, Sergey Borisovich. Initiation of a criminal case as an autonomous stage russian criminal procedure: pros and cons. DOI СODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/doicode-2022.030.

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Trent, Thomas T. Criminal Background Screening of Navy Recruits,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada362177.

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