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Journal articles on the topic 'Crime – Philosophy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Djuniarti, Evi. "The Criminal Liability of Corporations as Crime Perpetrators." Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 21, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2021.v21.311-320.

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In terms of handling corporate crimes that culminate in "sentencing" or "giving punishment", corruption is referred to as a crime that has caused damage to life. However, this is not mentioned much in criminal law studies. In addition to sentencing, corporations that committed corruption must also return corporate assets to the state. This needs to be considered according to the philosophy of nature aequum est neminem cum alterius detrimento et injuria fieri locupletiorem. This philosophy means that no one can enrich themselves at the expense and suffering of others. This philosophy changes the source of this doctrinal principle, namely crime does not pay or crime shall not pay into an expression of resistance to crime perpetrators so that they cannot enjoy the results of the crime they committed. The statement of the problem in this paper is how is the philosophy of sentencing corporations that are perpetrators of corruption? This research used secondary data through literature study in the form of laws and descriptive analysis. The imposition of a criminal fine creates implications and juridical problems for corporations that committed corruption. The recommendation of this paper is to build an ideal model of sentencing corporation based on justice.

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2

Kerimov, A. D., and E. V. Halipova. "The evil and crime: moral and legal dimension." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18059.

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The article, in fact, a response to the ideas contained in the monograph A.I.Aleksandrova "evil philosophy and the philosophy of Crime (questions of philosophy of law, criminal policy and criminal procedure)." Readers are invited to meditation, inspired by philosophical and legal views A.I.Aleksandrova on such fundamental issues as the understanding and the ratio of good and evil crimes and atrocities, socially approved, lawful and unlawful conduct, political and moral responsibility of the government of the state of affairs in the field of the fight against crime, the intrinsic value of education, education and education not only youth, but also all citizens of the state of organized society, and others.

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3

An, Ran, and Peng Liu. "Research on the Environmental Philosophy of China’s Environmental Crime Legislation from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization Construction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021517.

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Modern environmental philosophy is a new type of philosophy for humans re-examining the relationship between man and nature and provides the value guidance for modern environmental law. China’s environmental crime legislation has gone through the exploration period, establishment period, and optimization period. The environmental philosophy behind this is worth discussing and determines the direction China will take environmental crime in the future and whether China’s environmental strategy can really be implemented. At present, the disputes about the environmental philosophy of environmental crime in China are mainly reflected in the contention between anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, and eco-anthropocentrism. There are radical risks of pure human centrism or pure ecological centrism, and these two theories struggle to serve as a value basis for environmental crime legislation. Although eco-anthropocentrism seems to be comprehensive, it is actually ambiguous, and it is still difficult to deal with the conflict between people and nature. In recent years, China has continuously emphasized the construction of ecological civilization construction and written this into the constitution. Therefore, in the environmental philosophy issues of environmental crimes in China, we should consider absorbing the advantages of anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, and eco-anthropocentrism, while taking the original Chinese ecological civilization philosophy as the value foundation.

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4

Alzouabi, Lina. "A Reading of Charles Dickens' Hard Times (1854) As a Crime Novel." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.4.21.

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This study explores how Charles Dickens presents a panoramic picture of social and moral crimes, criminals, victims and the causes as well as consequences of criminality in his novel Hard Times (1854). By employing Collins' Dickens and Crime (1964), the article provides a reading of Dickens' Hard Times as a crime novel, arguing that this novel is not only a social commentary on England in the Victorian era for the purpose of achieving social reform at the time. It is also a crime novel, portraying different types of crimes with various motives and criminals from different backgrounds and classes. Gradgrind, a follower of the utilitarian philosophy, manipulates his daughter Louisa into marrying the capitalist Bounderby for social and economic benefit, which, as a result, gets her to be exploited by Harthouse. In addition, Gradgrind's philosophy has affected his son Tom who has turned into an idle and selfish person, stealing the bank and indicting Stephen and indirectly causing the latter's death. Stephen is also a victim of the capitalist society and the Divorce Law, as only the rich have been entitled to divorce. By investigating Dickens' Hard Times as a crime novel, the study attempts to provide new insights into reading Dickens' novels at the present time, arguing that they can be reread as crime novels that intriguingly portray crimes, criminals, motives and the dire consequences of crime.

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5

Golik, Yuri Vladimirovich. "Philosophy, Morality, Fight against Crime." Journal of Russian Law 25, no. 12 (July 14, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/jrl.2021.143.

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6

MASLENNIKOVA, Larisa, Tatyana VILKOVA, Andrew SOBENIN, Kseniia TABOLINA, and Tatyana TOPILINA. "Using Online Services to Report a Crime." WISDOM 18, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v18i2.450.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze the Russian and foreign experience in the introduction of online services for reporting crime and substantiate proposals for improving effective communication between the state and the population in the context of the development of digital technologies. The features of online services for filing crime reports of various leading states in the field of e-government development are considered. The general trends and limits of the use of online services for filing a crime report in electronic form are revealed:1) the possibility of handling such a report only in cases that do not require an immediate response from law enforcement officials; 2) a limited number of categories of crimes for which an electronic crime report can be made; 3) the identification of the applicant both through national portals of public services, and without mandatory identification and authentication; 4) an electronic warning to the applicant about the responsibility for providing deliberately false information; 5) the ability to attach various materials to the application, including a video recording of the crime, data about the person who committed the crime, and other information. The conclusion is justified that the introduction of electronic crime reports should complement the ability to directly report a crime to the police, and not compete with it. The prospects of using online services for reporting a crime by persons with hearing and/or speech impairments are determined. The ways of informing the persons who reported the crime about their rights are shown.

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7

Shepitko, Valery Yu, and Mykhaylo V. Shepitko. "The role of forensic science and forensic examination in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(1).2021.179-186.

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The application of forensic science and expertise is a necessary prerequisite for the investigation of crimes at the local and national level. Without the use of forensic science and expertise, an investigation within the framework of a criminal process becomes dead and unsubstantiated. But with the globalisation of world processes, the development of technologies, the speed of information transmission, the formation of crime outside the borders of one state and its entry into the international level has become an urgent problem, which has become a challenge in countering such crime and the need to steer forensic science and expertise towards assisting law enforcement activities. A special feature of countering the investigation of crimes was the creation of international cooperation between forensic specialists and expert witnesses even prior to the establishment of practical institutions that could counteract them in practice. Therewith, some representatives of such international unions and associations have taken serious steps in creating mechanisms for real counteraction to crimes at the international level (R.A. Reiss, G. Soderman, M.Sh. Bassiuni). Coverage of the problem of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes through the definition of the role of forensic science and expertise allowed focusing on the following blocks: 1) international associations of forensic specialists for combating crime in the historical context; 2) international criminal police organisations in combating crime; 3) international cooperation in the field of conducting forensic examinations; 4) the use of forensic and special knowledge in the activities of the International Criminal Court. Thus, a combination of theory and practice in the fight against crime is demonstrated. Historically, this is associated with the role of forensic science and expertise in recording traces of crimes, analysing them, and forming legal, forensic, and expert witness opinions. The purpose of the study is to establish the decisive role of forensic science and expertise in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes. For this, the authors turned to forensic science and expertise, historical processes that served to create substantial international organisations created to counter international crime

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8

McGregor, Rafe. "A Literary Aesthetics of War Crime." Croatian journal of philosophy 21, no. 61 (May 21, 2021): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52685/cjp.21.1.8.

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In order to develop a literary aesthetics of war crime, I examine the phenomenon of moral immunity in military memoir. Using three paradigmatic examples of memoirs of unjust wars characterised by the routine perpetration of war crimes, I argue that moral immunity is achieved by means of three literary devices: literary irresponsibility, ethical peerage, and moral economy. I then employ the proposed literary aesthetics of war crime to provide an answer to the perennial question of the relationship between literature and morality as well as to two specific instantiations of this question, the value interaction debate in literary aesthetics and the ethics of reading in literary theory. My conclusion is that the literary aesthetics of war crime demonstrates both that there is a systematic relationship between aesthetic value and moral value and that there is no systematic relationship between literary ambiguity and moral uncertainty.

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9

Chehtman, Alejandro. "Contemporary Approaches to the Philosophy of Crimes against Humanity." International Criminal Law Review 14, no. 4-5 (July 31, 2014): 813–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01405005.

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Crimes against humanity have recently been the object of significant examination in contemporary analytical philosophy. Yet several theoretical issues are still up for grabs. What exactly is a crime against humanity? How are crimes against humanity different from domestic offences? What does humanity stand for in this notion? And who is entitled to define and prosecute these crimes? This article provides a concise, critical overview of the main positions available in the literature. It seeks to isolate the key conceptual and normative issues that surround this debate, and to assess the different answers currently available. It concludes that although all the answers available face significant objections and difficulties, they have made increasingly clear what the philosophical questions surrounding the notion of crimes against humanity are.

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10

Skoromnyi, Danylo A. "Legal entities' crime prevention: Foreign experience and prospects of application in Ukraine." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.301-310.

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The relevance of the problem under study lies in the fact that crime among legal entities is currently increasing in the countries of the world. This phenomenon is extremely dangerous, because corporate crime is associated with the commission of economic crimes – the legalisation of illegally obtained income and corruption, both of which negatively affect the economy of an individual state and the global economy. To prevent crime among legal entities, governments of countries need to take measures aimed at countering corporate crime, take advantage of technological advance in detecting and preventing offences among legal entities. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of measures to prevent corporate crime in foreign countries, to analyse the prospects for applying the experience of other states in developing their effective counteraction measures. Innovative approaches and methods that will increase the effectiveness of measures to combat corporate crime were also proposed. The leading methods employed in this study are theoretical: the study of scientific literature, as well as regulatory documents to clarify the state of the problem under study. Analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalisation, and modelling were used, which allowed describing the terminology. Furthermore, the system method, dialectical, and historical analysis methods were used in the study of regulations, also including such special methods as the method of legal interpretation, the method of legal forecasting. The result of the present paper is the identification of the importance of corporate crime prevention, effective measures that are applied to legal entities to detect and prevent corporate crime. As a result of this study, possible measures aimed at preventing corporate crime were proposed, considering the positive experience of foreign countries. Having analysed the state of corporate crime in other countries of the world, the authors conclude that Ukraine should implement measures to prevent crimes among legal entities to reduce the number of offences and increase the level of the national economy

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11

Skoromnyi, Danylo A. "Legal entities' crime prevention: Foreign experience and prospects of application in Ukraine." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.301-310.

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The relevance of the problem under study lies in the fact that crime among legal entities is currently increasing in the countries of the world. This phenomenon is extremely dangerous, because corporate crime is associated with the commission of economic crimes – the legalisation of illegally obtained income and corruption, both of which negatively affect the economy of an individual state and the global economy. To prevent crime among legal entities, governments of countries need to take measures aimed at countering corporate crime, take advantage of technological advance in detecting and preventing offences among legal entities. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of measures to prevent corporate crime in foreign countries, to analyse the prospects for applying the experience of other states in developing their effective counteraction measures. Innovative approaches and methods that will increase the effectiveness of measures to combat corporate crime were also proposed. The leading methods employed in this study are theoretical: the study of scientific literature, as well as regulatory documents to clarify the state of the problem under study. Analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalisation, and modelling were used, which allowed describing the terminology. Furthermore, the system method, dialectical, and historical analysis methods were used in the study of regulations, also including such special methods as the method of legal interpretation, the method of legal forecasting. The result of the present paper is the identification of the importance of corporate crime prevention, effective measures that are applied to legal entities to detect and prevent corporate crime. As a result of this study, possible measures aimed at preventing corporate crime were proposed, considering the positive experience of foreign countries. Having analysed the state of corporate crime in other countries of the world, the authors conclude that Ukraine should implement measures to prevent crimes among legal entities to reduce the number of offences and increase the level of the national economy

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12

Schmidtz, David. "Deterrence and Criminal Attempts." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 3 (September 1987): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1987.10716457.

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It is widely held that the proper role of criminal punishment is to ensure in a cost-efficient manner that criminal laws will be obeyed. As James Buchanan puts it,the reason we have courts is not that we want people to be convicted of crimes but that we want people not to commit them. The whole procedure of the law is one, essentially, of threatening people with unpleasant consequences if they do things which are regarded as objectionable.According to the deterrence theory of punishment, which I will here accept without argument in order to tease out some of its implications, legislators must be aware of opportunities to maximize the threat value of criminal prohibitions. By maximizing deterrence, we minimize the cost of crime. On the other hand, creating these threats, and carrying them out, is also costly. So we also wish to minimize the cost of avoiding crime. An efficient deterrent, therefore, will be one which minimizes the sum of the costs of crime and crime avoidance, where ‘cost’ is to be broadly construed.

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13

FENWICK, CHARLES R. "Culture, Philosophy and Crime: The Japanese Experience." International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 9, no. 1-2 (January 1985): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1985.9688809.

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14

Eldar, Shachar. "Punishing Organized Crime Leaders for the Crimes of their Subordinates." Criminal Law and Philosophy 4, no. 2 (February 5, 2010): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11572-010-9089-2.

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15

Manchev, Boyan. "Panic and Philosophy." Sledva : Journal for University Culture, no. 41 (August 19, 2020): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/sledva.20.41.1.

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COVID-19 would have never been so ‘effective’ without its capacity to ‘pirate’ the global techno-economic networks: its microscopic ‘mind’ allows it to act in a macrotechnological, planetary scale. That is why the first effect of the virus was so spectacular and so COVID-19 would have never been so ‘effective’ without its capacity to ‘pirate’ the global techno-economic networks: its microscopic ‘mind’ allows it to act in a macrotechnological, planetary scale. That is why the first effect of the virus was so spectacular and so disastrous: contemporary Leviathan petrified for a moment while facing its own doppelganger. This meditation on the current condition starts from a passage from Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and continues by examining the possibilities of philosophy in times of global panic. disastrous: contemporary Leviathan petrified for a moment while facing its own doppelganger. This meditation on the current condition starts from a passage from Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and continues by examining the possibilities of philosophy in times of global panic.

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16

Arrigo, Bruce A., and T. R. Young. "Theories of Crime and Crimes of Theorists." Theory & Psychology 8, no. 2 (April 1998): 219–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354398082009.

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17

Lee, Lou-Jou, Sutham Cheurprakobkit, and Furjen Denq. "Neighbourhood Watch Programmes in Taiwan: Police Attitudes, Crime Rate and Community Support." International Journal of Police Science & Management 2, no. 1 (March 2000): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146135570000200107.

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This paper evaluates the impact of neighbourhood watch programmes (NWPs) on the 14 police precincts of the Taipei Metropolitan Police Department with regard to the following areas: crime rate; 911 emergency calls; citizen feeling of safety; community support; crime prevention and police-community relations. The paper examines the effects of four independent variables which include the number of NWPs in each police precinct, the precinct characteristics, officers' participation in NWPs and officers' degree of support for NWPs. Using data collected from the official data and a survey of 1,631 Taiwanese officers, the authors employed ordinary least square (OLS) regression and found that officers believed that NWPs can reduce drug, juvenile and total crimes. Regression results of the official data show that the numbers of NWPs were negatively related to drug and juvenile crimes but were positively related to burglary and the number of 911 emergency calls. However, the implementation of NWPs did not significantly affect violent crime, minor crime, robbery and total crime. This paper concludes that policies regarding NWPs in Taiwan must be consistent with the theoretical principles and values of community policing philosophy and that there is a need for more research concerning the citizen and police administrator perspectives.

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18

Duff, R. A. "Attempted Homicide." Legal Theory 1, no. 2 (June 1995): 149–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325200000124.

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Criminal attempts, it is often said, are crimes of intention. While many complete crimes can be committed recklessly, criminal attempts require “purposive conduct”; in attempts “the intent is the essence of the crime.” But what kind of intention is required; what must be intended, or purposed, by someone who is to be guilty of a criminal attempt?

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19

KOMASINSKI, ANDREW. "Hegel's Complete Views on Crime and Punishment." Journal of the American Philosophical Association 4, no. 4 (2018): 525–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2018.35.

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AbstractIn this article, I argue that Hegel's complete and mature view of crime and punishment is more robust than many interpretations of theUnrechtpassage in the ‘Abstract Right’ section of Hegel'sElements of the Philosophy of Rightsuggest. First, I explain the value of revisiting the interpretation of Hegel as a simple retributionist in the contemporary debate. Then, I look at Hegel's treatment of crime and punishment in the section on abstract right to show the role of punishment in Hegel's account. Next, I argue that this needs to be situated in Hegel's broader social philosophy and that we can accomplish this by looking at how theUnrechtpassage fits in theElements of the Philosophy of Right’s dialectical structure. I do so by building on the sections on civil society and state in the part ofElements of the Philosophy of Rightdealing with ethical life(Sittlichkeit), which include considerations of prevention and rehabilitation. I contend that this analysis reveals an account of punishment as more complicated than simple retribution.

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20

Husak, Douglas. "Abetting a Crime." Law and Philosophy 33, no. 1 (September 18, 2013): 41–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10982-013-9173-6.

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21

Farmer, Lindsay. "Crime and Punishment." Criminal Law and Philosophy 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11572-019-09523-7.

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22

Duff, R. A. "Crime, Prohibition, and Punishment." Journal of Applied Philosophy 19, no. 2 (January 2002): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5930.00207.

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23

Bennett, Christopher. "State Denunciation of Crime." Journal of Moral Philosophy 3, no. 3 (2006): 288–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740468106071222.

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AbstractIn this paper I am concerned with a problem for communicative theories of punishment. On such theories, punishment is justified at least in part as the authoritative censure or condemnation of crime. But is this compatible with a broadly liberal political outlook? For while liberalism is generally thought to take only a very limited interest in its citizens’ attitudes (seeing moral opinion as a matter of legitimate debate), the idea of state denunciation of crime seems precisely to be focused on the attitudes expressed in action. In this paper I analyse the elements of the communicative theory of punishment, assessing the extent to which they can be considered anti-liberal. I argue that, understood in a certain way, the communicative theory, though in some sense communitarian, is compatible with at least one central and attractive non-perfectionist strand in liberalism.

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24

Duff, R. A. "IV-ANSWERING FOR CRIME." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (Hardback) 106, no. 1 (June 2006): 87–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9264.2006.00140.x.

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Duff, R. A. "IV*-ANSWERING FOR CRIME." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 106, no. 1 (January 2006): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9264.2006.00189.x.

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26

DUFF, R. A. "Introduction: Crime and Citizenship." Journal of Applied Philosophy 22, no. 3 (November 2005): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.2005.00306.x.

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27

Yaffe, Gideon. "CONDITIONAL INTENT AND MENS REA." Legal Theory 10, no. 4 (December 2004): 273–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135232520404025x.

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There are many categories of action to which specific acts belong only if performed with some particular intention. Our commonsense concepts of types of action are sensitive to intent—think of the difference between lying and telling an untruth, for instance—but the law is replete with clear and unambiguous examples. Assault with intent to kill and possession of an illegal drug with intent to distribute are both much more serious crimes than mere assault and mere possession. A person is guilty of a crime of attempt—attempted murder, for instance, or attempted rape—only if that person had the intention to perform a crime. Under the federal carjacking law, an act of hijacking an automobile counts as carjacking only if performed with the intention to kill or inflict serious bodily harm on the driver of the car. In all of these cases, the question of whether or not a particular defendant had the precise intention necessary for the crime can make a huge difference, often a difference of years in prison, but sometimes literally a difference of life or death; sometimes whether the crime is one for which the death penalty can be given turns solely on the question of whether or not the actor had the relevant intention.

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28

Artyushina, O. V. "Violent Crime and IT Technologies." Lex Russica 1, no. 9 (September 26, 2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.154.9.077-084.

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The article is devoted to the criminological study of quantitative and qualitative changes in criminal violence in modern Russia with due regard to the official statistical data collected by the Main Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the period from 2012 to 2018 and modern processes in the social development. It examines the state and dynamics of crimes against the person including their most dangerous types (murders, intentional inflictions of serious harm to health, and rapes) as the basis of violent crime. The author determines the range of acts that can be committed using information and telecommunications networks, including the Internet, and evaluates the prospects for violent crimes committed by remote means. The paper proves that the related new trends of computerization, youthification, intellectualization and high level of natural latency, which were not previously characteristic of violent crime, can now be revealed. As the methodological basis of the research, the author relies on the fundamental laws of materialistic dialectics and the theory of cognition, general scientific philosophical approach to the study of social phenomena, logical, historical, system-structural and statistical, as well as concrete-sociological methods of research: document analysis and monitoring. In conclusion, the author substantiates the conclusion about inexhaustible relevance of the study of criminal violence caused by the non-ideal and contradictory nature of the man. The author considers as promising the development and application in legal science of the ideas of modern Russian philosophy concerning the need to analyze the results of progress, control over its course and consequences of introduction of high technologies. In order to solve the urgent theoretical and practical issues of combating “new” violent crime an integrative approach to definition of the methodology of criminological research that involves the development of existing problems at the intersection of the already established violensology and the current implications of the philosophy of criminological cyberology.

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29

Lippke, Richard. "Imprisonable Offenses." Journal of Moral Philosophy 3, no. 3 (2006): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740468106071220.

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AbstractImprisonment imposes very substantial losses and deprivations on people convicted of crimes. The question for which crimes imprisonment is an appropriate sanction is addressed employing both retributive and crime reduction approaches to the justification of legal punishment. Although there is not complete convergence between what the two approaches imply about its use, it is argued that both would reserve imprisonment for serious offenses, ones that inflict or threaten significant harms with moderate to high levels of culpability. Thus, neither approach supports the current use of imprisonment to sanction a range of lesser offenses.

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30

Kehoe, Thomas J., and E. James Kehoe. "A Reply to Dykstra’s “Evident Bias in ‘Crimes Committed by U.S. Soldiers in Europe, 1945–1946’”." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 47, no. 3 (November 2016): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_c_01017.

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Contrary to Robert Dykstra’s contention, we do not attempt to equate Soviet and U.S. crimes. Instead, we present new quantitative evidence that indicates a higher rate of U.S.-perpetrated crime than previously thought. The result should be a re-appraisal of U.S. soldiers’ behavior that penetrates further than the popular narrative that contrasts a peaceful West with a disorderly East. Dykstra’s mistaken critique of our statistical results appears to derive from his failure to appreciate the full relationship between crime reports and crime charges and from his lack of familiarity with the complications surrounding the calculation of the “dark number.”

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31

Bergoffen, Debra. "February 22, 2001: Toward a Politics of the Vulnerable Body." Hypatia 18, no. 1 (2003): 116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2003.tb00782.x.

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On February 22, 2001, three Bosnian Serb soldiers were found guilty of crimes against humanity. Their offense? Rape. This is the first time that rape has been pros-ecuted and condemned as a crime against humanity. Appealing to Jacques Derrida's democracy of the perhaps and Judith Butler's politics of performative contradiction, I see this judgment inaugurating a politics of the vulnerable body which challenges current understandings of evil, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.

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32

Ball, Richard A. "Crime problems of the future." World Futures 21, no. 1-2 (June 1985): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02604027.1985.9972014.

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33

LUKE, ANDREW. "Tackling Crime by Other Means." Journal of Applied Philosophy 13, no. 2 (August 1996): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.1996.tb00160.x.

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34

McKinnon, Catriona. "Endangering humanity: an international crime?" Canadian Journal of Philosophy 47, no. 2-3 (2017): 395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2017.1280381.

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AbstractIn the Anthropocene, human beings are capable of bringing about globally catastrophic outcomes that could damage conditions for present and future human life on Earth in unprecedented ways. This paper argues that the scale and severity of these dangers justifies a new international criminal offence of ‘postericide’ that would protect present and future people against wrongfully created dangers of near extinction. Postericide is committed by intentional or reckless systematic conduct that is fit to bring about near human extinction. The paper argues that a proper understanding of the moral imperatives embodied in international criminal law shows that it ought to be expanded to incorporate a new law of postericide.

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35

Adams, David M., and Andrew Von Hirsch. "Fitting Punishment to Crime." Law and Philosophy 15, no. 4 (1996): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3505035.

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Hondros, Emily Caroline Martin. "A Most Detestable Crime." Teaching Philosophy 24, no. 4 (2001): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/teachphil200124451.

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Adams, David M. "Fitting punishment to crime." Law and Philosophy 15, no. 4 (1996): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00127214.

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Price, Albert C., and B. Grant Stitt. "Consistent Crime Control Philosophy and Policy: A Theoretical Analysis." Criminal Justice Review 11, no. 2 (September 1986): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401688601100205.

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Seung-Hyuk Choi, Si Up Kim, and KIM BEOM JUN. "Punitive Philosophy and Sentence Judgement on White-Collar Crime." 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 23, no. 3 (August 2009): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2009.23.3.001.

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Klenowski, Paul M. "Peacemaking criminology: etiology of crime or philosophy of life?" Contemporary Justice Review 12, no. 2 (June 2009): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282580902879344.

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Wellman, Christopher Heath. "A Defense of Stiffer Penalties for Hate Crimes." Hypatia 21, no. 2 (2006): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2006.tb01094.x.

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After defining a hate crime as an offense in which the criminal selects the victim at least in part because of an animus toward members of the group to which the victim belongs, this essay surveys the standard justifications for state punishment en route to defending the permissibility of imposing stiffer penalties for hate crimes. It also argues that many standard instances of rape and domestic battery are hate crimes and may be punished as such.

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Chakan, Arron, and Muhammad Fauzan Millenio. "Protection of Cyberbullying Victims in Indonesia (An Overview of Law and Victimology)." Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review 3, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v3i1.53757.

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In some cases when the perpetrator of the crime has been sentenced to criminal sanctions, the condition of the victim of the crime is ignored. The issue of justice and respect for human rights in Indonesia does not only apply to perpetrators of crimes, but also victims of crimes. Law enforcement in this country is often colored with things that are contrary to it. Often in people's lives it shows that both justice and respect for human rights have received less serious attention from the government. Stated in Pancasila, as the philosophy of life of the Indonesian people, the issue of humanity and justice has a very important place for the realization of the 2nd Precept, namely just and civilized humanity and the 5th Precept, namely social justice for all Indonesian people. The government in protecting victims is contained in the law specifically regulating witnesses and victims. Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning the Protection of Witnesses and Victims and followed up with Government Regulation Number 44 of 2008 concerning the Provision of Compensation, Restitution, and Assistance to Witnesses and Victims. For parties, both victims and witnesses who feel they are in a very big threat, their testimonies can also be read out in court and can even give written testimony or online with the approval of the judge. Victims in a crime or crime have a much greater vulnerability in suffering losses both physically and psychologically or materially or immaterially.

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Slack, Anita J. "Book Review: Crimes of the Centuries: Notorious Crimes, Criminals, and Criminal Trials in American History." Reference & User Services Quarterly 56, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.56n1.57b.

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This three-volume set’s biggest strength is its unique focus. While many encyclopedias of crime exist, focusing on types of criminals, locations of crimes, and types of punishments, I have yet to experience a set that focuses on the notoriety of the crimes it discusses. The introduction details the philosophy employed by the editors in choosing the content for this set, noting that they sought crimes that are notorious in the sense of uniqueness, newsworthiness, and timeliness to other political, social, or cultural happenings. A quick search of Amazon confirmed my suspicion that scholarly reference work on these types of crimes has been a niche in the literature that has remained, until recently, largely unfilled.

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Mathieu, Deborah. "CRIME AND PUNISHMENT: ABORTION AS MURDER?" Journal of Social Philosophy 23, no. 2 (September 1992): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9833.1992.tb00290.x.

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Levin, Michael. "RESPONSES TO RACE DIFFERENCES IN CRIME." Journal of Social Philosophy 23, no. 1 (March 1992): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9833.1992.tb00481.x.

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Calhoun, Laurie. "On Rape: A Crime Against Humanity." Journal of Social Philosophy 28, no. 1 (March 1997): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9833.1997.tb00366.x.

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Humphries, Mark. "Organized Crime." Classical Review 51, no. 2 (October 2001): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/51.2.349.

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Walen, Alec. "Crime, Culpability and Moral Luck." Law and Philosophy 29, no. 4 (April 10, 2010): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10982-010-9068-8.

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Bittner, Thomas. "Punishment for Criminal Attempts: A Legal Perspective on the Problem of Moral Luck." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 38, no. 1 (March 2008): 51–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjp.0.0010.

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In the criminal law, the law of attempts is of comparatively recent vintage. It is part of an important contemporary legal trend towards early intervention in the criminal process. There are now a substantial number of crimes on the books that, like the crime of attempt, only require that the perpetrator start down the road to carrying out his criminal intentions and do not require him actually to have harmed (or, in some cases, even identified) his victim. Besides the law of attempts, these new crimes include conspiracy and solicitation, forgery and counterfeiting, the possession offences (drugs, burglary tools, counterfeit money, automobile master keys, etc.), even corruption of youth (children). In all these cases, the law is stepping in to forestall harm, rather than waiting until a harm has already happened.

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Crockett Thomas, Phil. "WRITING SOCIOLOGICAL CRIME FICTION." Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal 6, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 218–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18432/ari29549.

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In this article I share and discuss a poetic work of experimental sociological crime fiction titled “You Will Have Your Day in Court” (in Crockett Thomas, 2020c). In it I reimagine the “true crime” story of “King Con” Paul Bint, who for a period in 2009 successfully impersonated Keir Starmer, the then Director of Public Prosecutions. I first introduce my collaborative approach to writing sociological crime fiction, connections to poststructuralist philosophy and conceptualisation of research as a process of translation. After sharing the piece, I discuss thematic aspects of the work, such as the popular fascination of fraud, desire for explanations for criminal acts, and the narrative constraints placed on people who have experienced criminalisation. I also consider stylistic elements including use of narrative voice, characterisation, and narrative structure. I hope that this article is of interest to scholars aiming to marry poststructuralist thought with an experimental approach to writing sociological fiction.

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