Academic literature on the topic 'Crime of omission'
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Journal articles on the topic "Crime of omission"
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Radov, Vladislav. "Chain of Causation: Omission Committed by the Obligor." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2020, no. 3 (November 6, 2020): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2020-4-3-278-286.
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The article deals with theoretical and law-enforcement problems of establishing the chain of causation in crimes of omission committed by the obligor. The doctrine of criminal law developed an unambiguous philosophical understanding of causality within the framework of dialectical materialism. However, such scientists as Prof. V. B. Malinin and Prof. Z. B. Soktoev came to polar conclusions about the absence and presence of a causal relationship in cases of criminal omission. The author criticizes the so-called golden rule of causality in cases of omission and the comprehensive reason for omission. He believes that omission cannot be recognized as a condition of an antisocial result. The author uses the relativistic approach to causality to explain the relationship between the failure to fulfill one's professional or official duties and the resulting antisocial consequence. He proves the conditioning relationship in such situations and states the correlation of causation and condition, as well as the limits of understanding causality as an element of the objective aspect of a crime. Apparently, doctrinal controversies affect the law enforcement. The article introduces the latest judicial practice and positions of the courts on the legal content and legal consequences of establishing an indirect, indirect, and mediated causation chain. The category of causality cannot be used for the purposes of criminal law qualification due to the fact that law and natural science have a different understanding of causation. The research questions the significance of forensic medical examinations in cases of iatrogenic crimes in relation to the causal relationship and their assessment by the court. In this article, the issues of causality are considered only for such cases of omission that presuppose a failure to fulfill professional or official duties in a negligent crime. Therefore, the author does not claim to be exclusive of conclusions and proposals. As Academician V. N. Kudryavtsev said, the configuration of chain of causation depends on the corpus delicti or the type of crime.
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尧, 嘉晨. "Crime of Omission Caused by Prior Behavior." Open Journal of Legal Science 09, no. 02 (2021): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojls.2021.92031.
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Grondin, Rachel. "La responsabilité pénale du chef militaire : un défaut d’agir mais pas un défaut d’état d’esprit." Revue générale de droit 34, no. 2 (November 10, 2014): 309–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027254ar.
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Le Statut de Rome de la Cour pénale internationale prévoit que le chef militaire n’ayant pas exercé le contrôle qui convenait, engage sa responsabilité pour le crime commis — génocide, crime contre l’humanité, crime de guerre — par des Forces qui lui sont subordonnées s’il savait ou « aurait dû savoir que ces forces commettaient ou allaient commettre ce crime ». Au Canada, la Loi sur les crimes contre l’humanité et les crimes de guerre établit que pour son manquement, le chef militaire est plutôt responsable pour un crime distinct de celui commis par un subordonné. Alors que l’élement matériel requis pour ces deux crimes est semblable, chacun possède un élément psychologique différent. La première partie de cet article traite de la participation par omission au crime commis, un mode traditionnel de participation en droit pénal canadien, alors que la deuxième partie, porte sur la commission d’un crime autre que celui commis par le subordonné. La présente étude cherche à démontrer que dans les deux cas, le crime dont sera responsable le chef militaire est, selon le droit pénal canadien, un crime de nature particulière exigeant une mens rea subjective. Le rapprochement certain entre ces deux crimes permet de conclure au caractère subjectif de l’élement moral rattaché au crime portant sur le manquement du chef militaire, une interprétation conforme à la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés.
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Jonghaeng Yoon. "Labor Strike and Omission Crime of Interference with Business." Korean Journal of Comparative Criminal Law 13, no. 2 (December 2011): 337–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23894/kjccl.2011.13.2.015.
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Faust, Kelly L., and David Kauzlarich. "Hurricane Katrina Victimization as a State Crime of Omission." Critical Criminology 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10612-008-9052-x.
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Worrall, John L. "Investigative Resources and Crime Clearances: A Group-Based Trajectory Approach." Criminal Justice Policy Review 30, no. 2 (May 28, 2016): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403416650251.
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Past studies of crime clearance rates have largely ignored the role of investigators in the process. This omission is important because criminal investigation is essential to clearing crimes, particularly those in which offenders are not readily identifiable. Using data from 570 law enforcement agencies spanning a 13-year period from 2000 to 2012, this study developed group-based trajectories of violent and property crime clearance rates (an approach not taken in previous clearance rate research), then modeled group membership with two measures of investigative spending and one of the proportion of investigators in sampled agencies (“investigative resources”), while controlling for factors such as workload and crime type. Results from a series of multinomial regression models suggest investigative resources play only a marginal role in crime clearance trajectories. This finding is consistent with early detective research, including the classic RAND criminal investigative process study.
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Ivan, Mari Claudia. "Desertion, a Continuing Omissive Offense." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2016-0057.
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Abstract In the study, the author analyzes the offense of desertion, based on its features, on the constitutive elements of its legal contents and other essential conditions required by the crime. Being a crime by omission, the desertion is committed by not doing activities which are ordered by law (”passivity to legal orders”).
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Mancini, Christina, Justin T. Pickett, Corey Call, Robyn Diehl McDougle, Sarah Jane Brubaker, and Henry H. Brownstein. "Sexual Assault in the Ivory Tower: Public Opinion on University Accountability and Mandatory Reporting." Sexual Abuse 31, no. 3 (May 8, 2017): 344–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063217706707.
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Highly publicized college sex crimes have recently captured public and policy attention. In response, greater discussion has turned to institutional accountability and controversial reforms such as mandatory reporting (MR). No study to date has measured public perceptions of campus sex assault procedures, however. This omission is notable because public opinion can directly and indirectly shape crime policy and because the topic has become increasingly politicized. Drawing on a 2015 poll of Virginia residents, this study evaluates views about campus sexual assault policy. Results indicate that two thirds of the public feel universities can effectively respond to sex crime and a large majority favors MR. Some differences in public opinion are evident. Research and policy implications are discussed.
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Tofaris, Stelios, and Sandy Steel. "NEGLIGENCE LIABILITY FOR OMISSIONS AND THE POLICE." Cambridge Law Journal 75, no. 1 (March 2016): 128–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197315001002.
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AbstractThe police do not owe a duty of care to protect victims from the criminal acts of a third party when investigating or suppressing crime save in exceptional circumstances. This is justified as an application of the omissions principle and on several other grounds. The article argues that most of these justifications are unconvincing and it sets outs a positive rationale for the imposition on the police of a duty of care in respect of sufficiently proximate victims of a negligent omission. The scope of this duty can be coherently delimited by re-adjusting the existing framework of negligence liability of public authorities.
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Bartels, Rogier. "Denying Humanitarian Access as an International Crime in Times of Non-International Armed Conflict: The Challenges to Prosecute and Some Proposals for the Future." Israel Law Review 48, no. 3 (September 28, 2015): 281–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223715000175.
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Impeding humanitarian access and the starving of civilians is prohibited under international humanitarian law in times of both international and non-international armed conflicts. Such conduct is criminalised under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC Statute) when committed during an international armed conflict. However, without good reason, it is not a war crime when committed during a non-international armed conflict. Contemporary conflicts, such as that in Syria, show that this is a problematic omission. This article addresses the challenges in prosecuting the denial of humanitarian access during international armed conflicts and examines the options to prosecute before the International Criminal Court such denial in times of non-international armed conflict as other war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. The author concludes that these options would not suffice and proposes to add to the ICC Statute the starvation of the civilian population, including through impeding humanitarian access, as a war crime for non-international armed conflicts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crime of omission"
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VENTURATO, BENEDETTA. "PLURISOGGETTIVITA' EVENTUALE E REATI ECONOMICI. PROFILI PROBLEMATICI DEL CONCORSO DI PERSONE IN CONTESTI DI COMPLESSITA' ORGANIZATIVA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40504.
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Il lavoro analizza alcune delle principali problematiche poste dalla applicazione della teoria del concorso di persone nel reato ai cd. "crimini dei colletti bianchi", con particolare riferimento alla criminalità che si sviluppa all'interno di strutture organizzative complesse, così come esse emergono dall'analisi della prassi, e ha l'obiettivo di identificare - attraverso un ragionamento di tipo induttivo - le questioni teoriche ad esse sottese, la cui soluzione possa condurre a una coerente visione d'insieme dell'istituto, conforme a esigenze di garanzia e di giustizia. La ricerca ha preso avvio dalla acquisita consapevolezza del fatto che nelle grandi organizzazioni i processi decisionali coinvolgono solitamente una pluralità di funzioni interne all'impresa, l'esercizio di poteri di supervisione e il ricorso allo strumento della decisione collegiale, dando luogo a un sistema estremamente frammentato e fondato su asimmetrie informative, allocazione di competenze e affidamento. A fronte di un simile quadro - che nel lavoro viene trattato a partire dall'approfondimento di alcuni fondamentali studi sociologici e sulle organizzazioni - l'analisi condotta è volta a identificare i criteri per per la selezione dei contributi concorsuali rilevanti, sostenendo la necessità di continuare a fare riferimento (sul piano oggettivo) a un paradigma causale forte. I temi della causalità psichica, della causalità omissiva e delle cd. condotte neutrali sono parimenti fatti oggetto di analisi alla luce delle specificità del contesto organizzativo. I risultati raggiunti sul piano teorico sono quindi applicati a una selezione di casi, al fine di verificare se e in che misura essi siano in grado di condurre a soluzioni maggiormente conformi ai principi costituzionali che informano la responsabilità penale rispetto a quanto attualmente avviene nella prassi.The study aims at analysing the major issues concerning the application of the complicity doctrine to white collar crimes committed within complex business organizations as they emerge from the praxis and at conceptually framing them, with a view to identifying - through an inductive reasoning - the main theoretical questions to be addressed to develop a consistent approach to the topic. The research starts from the acknowledgement of the fact that within big corporations, decision making processes usually entail the involvement of different corporate functions, the exercise of supervisory duties and the resort to collective decisions, resulting in an extremely fragmented system based on information asymmetry, competence allocation and trust. Against this background – which is dealt with building on the legacy of some key sociological and organizational studies – a legal analysis is conducted to identify criteria for the selection of the conducts worth punishing based on the identification of a causal contribution to the commission of the crime. Psychological influence, causation by omission, and the relevance of so called "neutral behaviours" (Alltagshandlungen) are also explored. The theoretical results of the analysis are then applied to certain selected cases to show how the elaborated framework can lead to solutions more respectful of the constitutional principles governing criminal responsibility.
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Tavares, Juarez Estevam Xavier. "Teoria dos crimes omissivos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3820.
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O trabalho está voltado à elaboração de uma teoria dos crimes omissivos, com o sentido de obter uma limitação de sua expansão. Para alcançar esse objetivo, são postas em discussão todas as concepções do crime omissivo, tanto no aspecto dogmático quanto de política criminal. Na primeira parte, estão apresentados os problemas práticos da omissão, sua evolução legislativa e sua importância. A partir daí, são discutidas as elaborações doutrinárias quanto à sua natureza, à sua estrutura e à sua punibilidade. Quanto à sua natureza, a omissão é analisada como forma de ação, como forma equiparada de ação e como forma correspondente de ação. Quanto à sua estrutura, a omissão é vista sob o enfoque de seu tratamento legal, que requer um aprofundamento da composição da norma e de seus elementos comunicativos. Quanto à sua punibilidade, são destacados seus aspectos contraditórios referentes à falta de simetria entre sua estrutura empírica e normativa, de um lado, e as consequências pelo descumprimento do dever, de outro lado. Na segunda parte, formata-se uma conclusão dogmática crítica de toda a discussão em torno da natureza, da estrutura e da punibilidade da omissão. Inicia-se sob uma crítica dos objetivos da dogmática e se projeta sobre todas as questões fundamentais que envolvem os crimes omissivos. São feitas assertivas sobre a tipicidade, a antijuridicidade e a culpabilidade da omissão, assim como sobre o concurso de pessoas e suas fases de execução. Para não sobrecarregar o texto, são tratados em anexo os temas relacionados ao concurso de crimes e aos delitos omissivos culposos. Tendo em vista que a segunda parte constitui uma conclusão de todo o desenvolvimento crítico da omissão, realizado na primeira parte, não foram enumerados tópicos conclusivos. O método empregado está baseado no princípio dialético construtivista de Holzcamp.The work is aimed at developing a theory of omissive crimes, with a purpose to limit the expansion of punishment. To achieve this goal, are under discussion all conceptions of the omission, both in the dogmatic as criminal politics. The first section presents the practical problems of the omission, legislative developments and importance. Thereafter, we discuss the doctrinal elaborations as to its nature, its structure and its punishment. In terms of its nature, the omission is analyzed as a form of action, as a way of action and treated as a corresponding action. As for its structure, the omission is viewed from the standpoint of the legal treatment, which requires a deepening of the composition of standard and communicative elements. As for its punishment, contradictory aspects are highlighted regarding the lack of symmetry between empirical and normative structure on the one hand, and the consequences for the breach of duty, on the other. In the second part, formatting is a critical dogmatic conclusion of the whole discussion around the nature, structure and punishment of the omission. It starts from a critical to the dogmatic goals and projects on all fundamental issues involving those crimes. Assertions are made about the typical elements, the illegality and the means rea of omission as well as on the concourse of people and on the execution phases. To streamline the text, attached are treated issues relating to the accumulation of crimes and the reckless offenses. Since the second part is a conclusion of all the critical development of the omission, performed in the first part, were not included conclusive listed topics. The work follows the dialectical method of Holzkamp.
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Sandberg, Anna. "Empirical studies on sources of inequality." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-2320.
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This Ph.D. thesis in Economics consists of four self-contained chapters that empirically explore sources of economic inequality, using data from experiments, sports competitions, and Swedish registers. Competing biases: Effects of gender and nationality in sports judging explores in-group biases among judges in the equestrian sport dressage – the only Olympic sport with subjective performance evaluations in which male and female athletes compete as equals. International dressage competitions provide a rare opportunity to investigate gender bias and nationalistic bias in the same setting, using naturally occurring data on decisions of professional decision makers. Gender differences in initiation of negotiation: Does the gender of the negotiation counterpart matter? experimentally investigates how gender differences in the willingness to enter a wage negotiation are affected by whether the counterpart is a man or a woman. The importance of family background and neighborhood effects as determinants of crime uses Swedish register data to estimate sibling and neighborhood correlations in criminal convictions and incarceration. Omission effects in fairness behavior experimentally tests if individuals are more prone to act selfishly if they can passively allow for a self-serving outcome to be implemented rather than having to make an active choice.Diss. Stockholm : Stockholm School of Economics, 2014. Introduction together with 4 papers
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Zini, Júlio César Faria. "Os crimes omissivos na sociedade contemporânea." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-9K9VBT.
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The present work aims to detach the rescue of the human being as the foundation of criminal law through analysis of omission crimes in contemporary society. Contemporary society hoists a belief of "boundless freedom", which is consistent with an exaggerated individualism, in an environment where the only duty attribute to human beings is the pursue of their own happiness. The same human beings who have repeatedly omitted the commitment to establish human coexistence with each other when sharing the same social reality. A dialogue between Philosophy and Sociology is established by means of the freedom´s philosophy by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), the Theory of Meaningful Action, by Max Weber (1864-1920) and the Philosophy of Ordinary Language Approach, by Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951). The integration of criminal law in this dialogue is fostered through the meaningful conception of action by Tomás Antón Salvador Vives (1939 -) and the rationalist liberalism from the First Frankfurt School of Zaczyk Rainer (1951 -). Any criminal action and relevant omission have social significance. Thus, the interaction between identity between the first and second categorical imperatives of general law from the Kantian Law, along with Semantics of Wittgenstein's use and Weberian relational bias, guide the whole Theory of Crime, with human beings at their own center of gravity. In this area, the axes of the criminally relevant omission are the social interaction, the legal criminal welfare, the standard law and the freedom of action. The validity claim of the standard criminal law is human dignity and freedom, with an emphasis on the ethics of responsibility which underlies the duty to avoid inherent omission crimes results.O presente trabalho tem como escopo evidenciar o resgate do ser humano como alicerce do Direito Penal por meio da análise dos crimes omissivos na sociedade contemporânea. A bandeira da liberdade sem limites, que condiz com um individualismo exacerbado, é hasteada pela sociedade contemporânea. Neste ambiente, o único dever que o ser humano se atribui é a sua própria felicidade. Olvida-se ele, reiteradamente, o compromisso de coexistência humana que estabelece com os outros seres humanos ao compartilhar uma mesma realidade social. Um diálogo entre Filosofia e Sociologia é estabelecido por meio da abordagem da filosofia da liberdade de Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), da Teoria da Ação Significativa, de Max Weber (1864-1920), e da Filosofia da Linguagem ordinária, de Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951). A integração do Direito Penal neste diálogo é promovida por meio da concepção significativa da ação, de Tomás Salvador Vives Antón (1939- ), e do liberalismo racionalista da Primeira Escola de Frankfurt de Rainer Zaczyk (1951- ). Tanto ação como omissão penalmente relevante é significado social. Assim, a interação entre identidade entre primeiro e segundo imperativos categóricos e lei geral do Direito kantianos, Semântica do uso wittgensteiniana e o viés relacional weberiano orienta toda a Teoria do Delito, com o ser humano sendo seu centro de gravidade. Nesta seara, os eixos reitores da omissão penalmente relevante são a interação social, o bem jurídico-penal, a norma penal e a liberdade de ação. A pretensão de validade da norma penal é a dignidade humana e a liberdade, com assento na ética da responsabilidade, fundamenta o dever de agir para evitar o resultado inerente aos crimes omissivos.
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Sousa, Daniel Brod Rodrigues de. "O tipo-de-il?cito dos crimes omissivos impr?prios no direito penal brasileiro : contributo ? sua conforma??o e delimita??o." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7348.
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Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-12T17:41:12Z
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Grounded in the theory of legal rights protection, the research summarized here had as one of its mottoes to screenthe repercussions of the current conformation of criminal conjecture of offensiveness in its contours of injury and danger; all under the parallel with improper omissive crimes in its possible manifestations in the Brazilian legal system.We intended to discuss the ways in which constitutional principles have been violated within the criminal system in the field of omissive crimes, particularly regarding improper omission. We sought, therefore, with respect to that outlined proposition, to develop relevant reflections on improper omissive crimes, critically scrutinizing the guarantor sources composed in the Brazilian Penal Code and the kind-of-offense as a whole with regard to the mentioned offenses. In the face of it, we intended to formulate hermeneutical paths and suggestions to legislative reforms aimed at stabilizing instruments for containing the broad punitive spectrum currently at the state's disposal, within the systematic rules presently in force in Brazil, with respect to such behavioral species of criminal offenses. This study adopted as its main conceptual framework in criminal dogmatics the ontoanthropological conception of criminal law, individuated in the critical idea of criminal delict as an offense to legal goods, built mainly by Jos? de Faria Costa and so well-bundled and improved, in Brazil, by Fabio Roberto D'Avila. Both these authors, therefore, represent the main theoretical framework of this thesis, together with the significant contributions of Jorge de Figueiredo Dias. Research shows that improper omissive crimes are not reduced to the category of crimes that require a naturalistic result for its consummation to occur. Therefore, in this sense, we performed an accurate inspection on the formal sources of the position of guarantor, disciplined in the art. 13, paragraph 2, of the Brazilian Penal Code, displaying the various doctrinal guidelines expressed on the national scene on the subject and trying to make a conscientious examination of such sources in the light of the essential principles of the criminal justice system. Thus, little controversies relating to the determination of the type-of-offense of improper omission and the mechanisms for reprehending that criminal type stand out as sharply expressive. In doctrine and in regulatory dynamics of the criminal laws of the countries, it is crucial the guideline that for a person to figure as an active subject of an improper omission crime this person needs to be located in the so called position of guarantor of containment of the event generation. It was an aimof this work to examine the different streams of dogmatics, covering national and foreign doctrines as well as the normative criteria that legislate about the issue, through rigorous examination of comparative law, in order to sow, lex ferenda, suggestions for the Brazilian penal system to satisfactorily address the intricate subject of improper omissive crimes. The investigation took theoretical research as a canon, thereby employing national and foreign bibliographies that underpinned the matter. We used the comprehensive exhibition technique for elucidating different guises on the subject and also the comprehensive normative approach, since regulatory guidelines have been suggested in the field of improper omissive crimes.
Calcada na teoria da prote??o de bens jur?dicos, esta investiga??o, aqui resumida, teve como um dos seus motes esquadrinhar as repercuss?es da conforma??o atual da conjectura penal da ofensividade em seus contornos de les?o e de perigo; tudo sob o especial paralelo com os crimes omissivos impr?prios, em suas poss?veis manifesta??es no sistema jur?dico brasileiro. Pretendeu-se problematizar o modo pelo qual os princ?pios constitucionais t?m sido violados no ?mbito do sistema penal, no dom?nio dos crimes omissivos, de modo particular, na modalidade omissiva impr?pria. Procurou-se, portanto, com rela??o a tal proposi??o esbo?ada, desenvolver apontadas reflex?es pertinentes aos crimes omissivos impr?prios, perscrutando, de forma cr?tica, as fontes de garantidor compostas no C?digo Penal brasileiro e o tipo-de-il?cito como um todo respeitante aos mencionados delitos. Tencionou-se, ? vista disso, entabular caminhos hermen?uticos e orienta??es de reformas legislativas com vistas ? estabiliza??o de instrumentos de conten??o do amplo espectro punitivo que atualmente est? a dispor do Estado, na sistem?tica normativa, presentemente vigente no Brasil, no tocante a tais esp?cies comportamentais de infra??es penais. Este estudo adotou, na ambitude da dogm?tica criminal, como matriz conceitual central, a concep??o ontoantropol?gica do Direito Penal individuada na ideia prec?pua do il?cito penal como ofensa a bens jur?dicos, edificada, sobretudo, por Jos? de Faria Costa, e t?o bem-agasalhada e aprimorada, no Brasil, por Fabio Roberto D?Avila, autores, portanto, que representam o principal referencial te?rico da presente tese, juntamente com os significativos contributos de Jorge de Figueiredo Dias. A investiga??o evidencia que os crimes omissivos impr?prios n?o est?o reduzidos ? categoria dos delitos que pressup?em um resultado natural?stico para que haja a consuma??o. Para tanto, nesse sentido, efetuou-se uma inspe??o acurada acerca das fontes formais da posi??o de garantidor, disciplinadas no art. 13, ?2?, do C?digo Penal brasileiro, exibindo as diferentes orienta??es doutrin?rias externadas no cen?rio nacional sobre o tema, procurando fazer um exame minudente de tais fontes ? luz dos princ?pios indispens?veis do sistema penal. Destarte, sobressaem como agudamente expressivas as questi?nculas atinentes aos delineamentos do tipo-de-il?cito da omiss?o impr?pria e os mecanismos de repreens?o da mencionada esp?cie delituosa. Prima, na doutrina e nas din?micas normativas dos diplomas penais dos pa?ses, a diretiva de que para uma pessoa figurar como sujeito ativo de um crime omissivo impr?prio ? preciso que ela esteja inserta na chamada posi??o de garante de refreamento da gera??o do evento. Foi intuito deste trabalho palmilhar pelas diferentes vertentes dogm?ticas, percorrendo a doutrina nacional e estrangeira, assim como pelos crit?rios normativos disciplinat?rios da quest?o, mediante a dissec??o de direito comparado, com vistas a semear, de lege ferenda, predile??es para o sistema penal brasileiro arrostar satisfatoriamente o intricado tema dos crimes omissivos impr?prios. A investiga??o tomou por c?none a pesquisa te?rica, desse modo, empregando bibliografias nacionais e estrangeiras que alicer?aram a mat?ria. Foi utilizada a t?cnica expositivo-compreensiva para a delucida??o das diferentes roupagens relativas ao assunto e, tamb?m, o m?todo compreensivo-normativo, porquanto tenham sido aventadas diretrizes normativas, na dimens?o dos crimes omissivos impr?prios.
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Esteves, Henrique Perez. "Tutela penal do patrimônio histórico e cultural brasileiro e os crimes omissivos impróprios." Universidade Católica de Santos, 2016. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/2742.
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Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2016-06-10T17:55:01Z
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This study aims to reveal the intricate relationship between criminal law and environment, specifically about omissive-improper crimes wich failure to act in the protection of the Brazilian historical and cultural heritage. At first, the hypothesis appears detached from dogmatic as the historical and cultural heritage destroyed by time, because it seems to be a legal null. Described the art devices. 62 to 65 of the Environmental Crimes Law (Law 9,605 / 98) oversee the crimes against urban planning and heritage. Drawing a parallel, while Italy has a Code of Cultural Heritage and Landscape, the paternal legislator reserved only four 4 articles for the criminal protection of this true Brazilian multicultural treasure. So central questions that guide the discussion are: Would it be enough? The criminal environmental law would be expanding? There is a new crime resulting from the so-called risk society? What legal consequences when a protected public good is destroyed by time (non facere)? Omissive-Improper crimes failure to act could help the criminal protection of the historical and cultural heritage or suffer from legality? The legislative smallness is not indicative of low complexity. On the one hand the amount of public buildings in a state of neglect is huge in Brazil, on the other, the administrative enforcement agent does not even have data on this. The state has a legal duty to manage such protected public buildings, and therefore "guaranteer par excellence" of the historical and cultural heritage; and as such has also criminal liability in cases of crimes of omission. Even the mechanisms of criminal law, with all its stigmatizing power have greater range than other areas of law, thus ensuring greater effectiveness in the consideration and the effective protection of ecologically balanced environmental, consisting of conservation of cultural heritage for present and future generations.
O presente estudo tem o objetivo de desvelar a intrincada relação entre direito penal e meio ambiental, mais especificamente no que tange aos crimes omissivos impróprios na tutela do patrimônio histórico e cultural brasileiro. A princípio, a hipótese levantada nessa investigação, parece desligada da dogmática, pois o patrimônio histórico e cultural destruído pela ação do tempo parece ser um nada jurídico. Os dispositivos descritos do art. 62 até 65 da Lei de Crimes Ambientais (Lei 9.605/98) tutelam os crimes contra o ordenamento urbano e o patrimônio histórico. Traçando um paralelo, enquanto a Itália possui um Código do Patrimônio Cultural e da Paisagem, o legislador pátrio reservou apenas 4 (quatro) dispositivos para a tutela penal desse verdadeiro tesouro multicultural brasileiro. Assim questões centrais que norteiam a discussão são: Seria o suficiente? O direito penal em matéria ambiental estaria em expansão? Existe uma nova criminalidade decorrente da chamada sociedade de risco? Quais efeitos jurídicos quando um bem público tombado é destruído pela ação do tempo (non facere)? Os crimes omissivos impróprios poderiam ajudar na tutela penal do patrimônio histórico e cultural ou padecem de legalidade? A exiguidade legislativa não é indicativo de pequena complexidade. Se por um lado a quantidade de prédios públicos em estado de abandono é enorme no Brasil, por outro, o agente administrativo de fiscalização não possui sequer dados acerca desse patrimônio. O Estado tem o dever jurídico de tutela desses prédios públicos tombados, sendo, portanto ¿garantidor por excelência¿ do patrimônio histórico e cultural; e, como tal, tem responsabilidade penal também nas hipóteses de crimes por omissão. Os mecanismos próprios do direito penal, com todo o seu poder estigmatizante têm maior alcance que outras áreas do Direito, garantindo assim, maior efetividade na contraprestação e na proteção efetiva do meio ambiental ecologicamente equilibrado, consistente na conservação do patrimônio cultural para as presentes e futuras gerações.
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Agapito, Leonardo Simões. "Direito médico : a omissão penalmente relevante /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154283.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a responsabilidade penal decorrente da omissão médica, particularmente por instrumentos dogmáticos e, por estes, obter maior segurança jurídica para médicos, pacientes e profissionais. Partindo dos métodos indutivo e sistemático, o trabalho analisa os critérios postos pelo código penal brasileiro para a omissão penalmente relevante – dever agir, poder agir e a especial posição de garante – relacionando com elementos próprios da imputação penal – injusto, culpabilidade e autoria – e externos, que configuram o próprio ambiente em que opera a tutela – deveres administrativos, gestão de risco e semiótica. Para tanto, utiliza-se como referencial teórico o pensamento funcional normativista, com especial atenção aos estudos de Günther Jakobs. Ao final, é possível, pelo método indutivo, depreender-se a própria opção político criminal brasileira, bem como, pelo método sistemático, demonstrar os caminhos necessários não apenas para o aprofundamento da questão, mas para a própria intervenção penal nos casos em que for chamado a atuar.
The presente study persuits to analise criminal responsability for medical default, particularly by dogmatic instruments and, by them, obtain more legal security for health professionals, patients and legal professionals. By indutiv and sistematic methods, the current study analyse brasilian penal code criteria for criminal relevant default – duty, permission and special position of garantor – conecting this with criminal responsability criteria – wrongful, culpability and authorship – and external elements that set up medical context – administrative duties, risk management and semiotic. Thereunto, the study uses as theoritc reference a normativist perspective, specialy Günther Jakobs’s studies. At the end, it’s possible, by indutiv analyses, understand the criminal policy option in Brazil, as well as, by sistemic analyses, demonstrate necessary ways for further studies, but also to righteous criminal justice intervention.
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Gon?alves, Lucas Minorelli. "Comportamento omissivo e colis?o de deveres em direito penal." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7684.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The object of analysis of this scientific research is the problem of the collision of duties in criminal law and the main purpose was to investigate the legal-penal treatment given to such cases. The methodology consists n the bibliographic review and analysis of legal precedents related to the thematic, with the analysis of the proposals of resolution to the problem. The present work is structured in three chapters. In the first chapter, it seeks to recover the dogmatic, legislative and jurisprudential antecedents of five countries (Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Brazil). On the other hand, in the second chapter analyses the main proposals of resolution of collision of duties, which were gathered in nine groups (causes of reduction of the penalty, exclusion of the penalty, exclusion of mens rea, abstaining from the judgment of guilt, exclusion from the responsibility of the fact, justification, theory of free space of law and cause of exclusion of actus reus), analyzing the merits and demerits of each theoretical construction. In the third and final chapter there is the taking of a position on the subject, in which it is concluded that the collision of duties, despite having few similarities with the necessity, has its application restricted to collisions between duties of action, having its own a foundation and legal consequences, and it is the sole cause of justification in cases involving innocent lives.
O objeto de an?lise da presente pesquisa cient?fica consiste na problem?tica da colis?o de deveres em direito penal e o objetivo estabelecido foi o de investigar o tratamento jur?dicopenal conferido a tais situa??es. Consiste a metodologia utilizada na revis?o bibliogr?fica e an?lise de precedentes relacionados ? tem?tica, com a an?lise das propostas de resolu??o do problema. O presente trabalho est? estruturado em tr?s cap?tulos. No primeiro cap?tulo buscase resgatar os antecedentes dogm?ticos, legislativos e jurisprudenciais de cinco pa?ses (Alemanha, It?lia, Espanha, Portugal e Brasil). No segundo cap?tulo ocorre a an?lise das principais propostas de resolu??o de colis?o de deveres, as quais foram reunidas em nove grupos (causas de diminui??o da pena, exclus?o da pena, exclus?o de culpabilidade, absten??o do ju?zo da culpabilidade, exclus?o da responsabilidade do fato, exclus?o da ilicitude, teoria do espa?o livre de direito e causa de exclus?o da tipicidade), analisando os m?ritos e dem?ritos de cada constru??o te?rica. No terceiro e ?ltimo cap?tulo ocorre a tomada de posi??o sobre o tema, no qual se conclui que a colis?o de deveres, apesar de possuir pontos de encontro com o estado de necessidade, tem sua aplica??o restrita ?s colis?es entre deveres de a??o, possuindo fundamento e consequ?ncias jur?dicas pr?prias, sendo a ?nica causa de exclus?o da ilicitude em casos que envolvem vidas inocentes.
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Neves, Cícero Robson Coimbra. "Omissão do garantidor em face de conduta delitiva de terceiro: concurso, autoria colateral ou fato penalmente irrelevante?" Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7917.
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Previous issue date: 2008-03-27This paper aims to examine to what extent a security guarantor or surety should be deemed responsible in the event that the primary obligor or principal fails to meet an obligation to which he/she is bound and thus enters default or delinquency. On the grounds of general legal theory and principles, this should be understood as a case of concerted action whereby the guarantor s liability arises from complicity and participation, and thus engages in the so-called participation by omission (i.e. failure or breach of a duty to act). While on one hand it is found to be applicable as a normative convention by Brazilian law, on the other hand such understanding appears to be incompatible with basic principles of culpability. More careful study is required in order to find out whether a guarantor s omission should be interpreted under the principles of criminal law and, if such is the case, whether this should be understood as concerted action or participation. This paper further aims to focus on real cases pursuant to two currently applicable criminal codes relying on different procedural guidelines, namely Ordinary Criminal Law and Military Criminal Law. The introduction chapter outlines the premises in this paper and describes the criminal offence theory ranging from a system referred to as causal (i.e. classical) up to currently functional systems, of normative nature, particularly those as understood by Günther Jakobs and Claus Roxin. Given the several systems implied, this research required a guiding principle that could, among other things, help to understand criminal science dogmas in military criminal law. The system devised by Hans Welzel, i.e. finalism, was then regarded as the most suitable guiding principle. Since there is a long way still to go, this research aims not only to resolve some doubts, but also to point out that some of the issues that are currently covered by legal theory and principles should be reconsidered with a view to searching for more appropriate and fairer solutions on the grounds of the nullum crimen sine culpa principle
Em linhas gerais, a presente pesquisa tem o escopo de estudar amiúde qual a responsabilidade do garantidor de um bem jurídico, ou seja, aquele que tem o dever de impedir o resultado típico, quando, em face de um ato delitivo de um terceiro, não age para obstar a lesão ao objeto de tutela penal. De modo geral, a doutrina tem assentido na ocorrência de concurso de pessoas, em que o garantidor seria responsabilizado por participação, sob a forma de cumplicidade, marcando-se a chamada participação por omissão . Essa visão, no entanto, em simples fórmula como a doutrina pátria tem colocado, não parece estar em sintonia com o princípio reitor da culpabilidade, exigindo-se um estudo mais acurado, que possa fundamentar com maior robustez se a omissão do garantidor, primeiro, deve ou não ficar no espectro do Direito penal e, segundo, em estando abarcada por esse ramo do Direito, se a adequada responsabilização deve-se dar a título de co-autoria ou da participação. Mais ainda, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de estudar a realidade apresentada do enfoque de duas legislações penais vigentes: o Código Penal comum e o Código Penal Militar, as quais possuem orientações sistêmicas diferentes. Nesse propósito, serão assentadas, em sede introdutória, as premissas do trabalho, consignando-se a evolução da teoria do delito desde o sistema denominado causal (clássico) até os atuais sistemas funcionais, de mote normativo, em especial na visão de Günther Jakobs e de Claus Roxin. Dada a diversidade sistêmica, o deslanche da pesquisa seria inviável sem que houvesse a eleição de um sistema reitor que possa, inclusive, orientar a compreensão dos dogmas da ciência penal no Direito penal militar, elegendo-se, dessarte, o sistema idealizado por Hans Welzel: o finalismo. Como se percebe, rico é o caminho a ser perseguido, sendo o objetivo da presente pesquisa não só solapar algumas dúvidas, mas também indicar que a simplicidade com a qual certos temas são hoje tratados pela doutrina merece revisão, um giro de idéias que possa, com o foco no princípio do nullum crimen sine culpa, buscar soluções mais justas
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Rieger, Renata Jardim da Cunha. "A posição de garantia no direito penal ambiental: o dever de tutela do meio ambiente na criminalidade de empresa." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1819.
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Previous issue date: 2010La tesi è legata alla linea di ricerca dei Sistemi Giuridici Penali Contemporanei, del Programma di Post Laurea in Scienze Criminali della PUC/RS, e vuole analizzare la posizione della garanzia nel diritto penale ambientale nell’ambito della criminalità aziendale. Si deve dire inizialmente che il problema è attinente al “disvalore dell’azione” e che, per questa ricerca, la sua analisi presuppone il “disvalore del risultato” (offensività). Il “dovere di garanzia” è l’estratto più “consistente” del “dovere fondamentale” di tutela dell’ambiente e, per l’identificazione del suo substrato, sono insufficienti i criteri formali e quelli del diritto penale tradizionale. Sembra che i diversi substrati del dovere di protezione all’ambiente vengano cercati nella “disuguaglianza fatica”, nel “modo in cui l’uomo si trova nel mondo”, essendo importanti gli strumenti – in un senso ampio- con il quale si relaziona. Avendo il dominio del risultato e ancora, essendo responsabile, dolosa o colpevolmente, del pericolo risulta il “dovere della cura”- con sé, con le altre persone e con la natura- nel modo più consistente, avviene, così “il dovere di garanzia”. Questi due fondamenti (dominio del risultato e ingerenza dolosa o colposa), trovano un vero “rinforzo” nella percezione comunitaria, nell’“aspettativa comunitaria” di che, quello che domina e vigila una determinata fonte farà il possibile per evitare il danno alla natura e ad altre persone. Infine, si deve osservare che, nel diritto penale ambientale, è comune la delega di funzioni, istituto che influenza la posizione di garanzia e che genera una nuova conformazione ai doveri del garante. ita
O trabalho é vinculado à linha de pesquisa Sistemas Jurídico-Penais contemporâneos, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Criminais da PUC/RS, e visa a analisar a posição de garantia no direito penal ambiental no âmbito da criminalidade de empresa. Deve-se dizer, inicialmente, que o problema é atinente ao “desvalor da ação” e que, para esta pesquisa, sua análise pressupõe o “desvalor do resultado” (ofensividade). O “dever de garantia” é o estrato mais “densificado” do “dever fundamental” de tutela do meio ambiente e, para a identificação de seu substrato, são insuficientes os critérios formais e aqueles do direito penal tradicional. Parece que os diferentes estratos do dever de proteção do meio ambiente devem ser buscados na “desigualdade fática”, no “modo como o homem está no mundo”, importando os instrumentos – em sentido amplo – com que ele se relaciona. Tendo o domínio do resultado e, ainda, sendo responsável, dolosa ou culposamente, pelo perigo, surge-lhe o “dever de cuidado” – consigo, com as demais pessoas e com a natureza - da forma mais densificada; forma-se o “dever de garantia”, portanto. Esses dois fundamentos (domínio do resultado e ingerência dolosa ou culposa) encontram um verdadeiro “reforço” na percepção comunitária, na “expectativa comunitária” de que aquele que domina e vigia uma determinada fonte fará o possível para evitar o dano à natureza e às demais pessoas. Por fim, deve-se observar que, no direito penal ambiental, é comum a delegação de funções, instituto que influencia na posição de garantia e que dá nova conformação aos deveres do garantidor.
Books on the topic "Crime of omission"
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Avila, Fábio Roberto d'. Ofensividade e crimes omissivos próprios: (contributo à compreensão do crime como ofensa ao bem jurídico). Coimbra: Coimbra Editora, 2005.
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Kosheleva, A. I︠U︡. Osobennosti prichinnoĭ svi︠a︡zi v sostavakh prestupleniĭ, sovershaemykh putëm bezdeĭstvii︠a︡. Moskva: Veche, 2009.
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Chaves, Efraín Torres. El crimen del silencio. 2nd ed. Quito, Ecuador: Editorial Jurídica del Ecuador, 1990.
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Brito, Teresa Quintela de. A tentativa nos crimes comissivos por omissão: Um problema de delimitação da conduta típica. [Coimbra]: Coimbra Editora, 2000.
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Weltz, Kerstin. Die Unterlassungshaftung im Völkerstrafrecht: Eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung des französischen, US-amerikanischen und deutschen Rechts. Freiburg im Breisgau: Edition Iuscrim, 2004.
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Dariva, Paulo. O delito de apropriação previdenciária: Crime de omissão material? Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado Editora, 2009.
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Dariva, Paulo. O delito de apropriação previdenciária: Crime de omissão material? Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado Editora, 2009.
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Grimminger, Marielle Sabine. Die allgemeine Unterlassungshaftung im Völkerstrafrecht: Eine Untersuchung von völkerstrafrechtlichen Konventionen, Urteilen und Kodifikationsbemühungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Rom-Statuts. Frankfurt a.M: P. Lang, 2009.
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Grimminger, Marielle Sabine. Die allgemeine Unterlassungshaftung im Völkerstrafrecht: Eine Untersuchung von völkerstrafrechtlichen Konventionen, Urteilen und Kodifikationsbemühungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Rom-Statuts. Frankfurt a.M: P. Lang, 2009.
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Bu chun zheng bu zuo wei fan de ji ben wen ti yan jiu: On the basic problems of the offense of pseudo-omission crimes. Beijing Shi: Fa lü chu ban she, 2010.
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Tsykora, Anna, and Veronika Talanina. "THE OBJECT OF THE CRIME AS A CRITERION FOR BUILDING A SYSTEM OF INSTITUTIONS OF A SPECIAL PART OF CRIMINAL LAW." In Socio-economic and legal problems of modern society, 107–12. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/chapter_61e7f12a971677.12632055.
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A crime is any act or omission in the process of breaking a law prohibiting an act or omission. This article will analyze the object of the crime from the point of view of one of the criteria underlying the construction of the system of institutions of the Special Part of Criminal Law
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Rose, Evelyn. "Domestic violence as omissive institutional state crime." In Domestic Violence as State Crime, 111–36. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003132370-8.
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Ormerod, David, and Karl Laird. "2. The elements of a crime: actus reus." In Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198807094.003.0002.
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The chapter begins the exploration of the elements of criminal offences. Two factors are crucial: the event, behaviour or state of affairs known as the external element or actus reus, and the state of mind known as the mental element or mens rea. This chapter discusses the principle of actus reus, proof and the elements of the offence, how to identify elements of actus reus and mens rea, coincidence of actus reus and mens rea, the effect of penalty provisions in determining the elements of the actus reus, actus reus and justification or excuse, the problematic case of Dadson with regard to actus reus, physical involuntariness, a ‘state of affairs’ as an actus reus, general liability for omissions, offences of mere omission, causation, the ‘but for’ principle, the connection between fault and result, and negligible causes.
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Ormerod, David, and Karl Laird. "2. The elements of a crime: actus reus." In Smith, Hogan, and Ormerod's Criminal Law, 26–87. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198849704.003.0002.
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The chapter begins the exploration of the elements of criminal offences. Two factors are crucial: the event, behaviour or state of affairs known as the external element or actus reus, and the state of mind known as the mental element or mens rea. This chapter discusses the principle of actus reus, proof and the elements of the offence, how to identify elements of actus reus and mens rea, coincidence of actus reus and mens rea, the effect of penalty provisions in determining the elements of the actus reus, actus reus and justification or excuse, the problematic case of Dadson with regard to actus reus, physical involuntariness, a ‘state of affairs’ as an actus reus, general liability for omissions, offences of mere omission, causation, the ‘but for’ principle, the connection between fault and result and negligible causes.
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Monaghan, Nicola. "2. Actus reus." In Criminal Law Directions, 20–54. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198848783.003.0002.
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Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams, and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. This chapter discusses the actus reus elements of a criminal offence. The actus reus of an offence may involve an act or omission (conduct crimes); certain consequences being caused (result crimes); or the existence of surrounding circumstances (‘state of affairs’ crimes); it must be voluntarily performed. There is generally no liability for an omission to act. There are five exceptions: special relationship, voluntary assumption of responsibility, supervening fault, contractual duty or public office, and statutory duty. Where the defendant is charged with a ‘result’ crime, the prosecution must prove causation. An intervening event will break the chain of causation and the actus reus will not be established.
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Monaghan, Nicola. "2. Actus reus." In Criminal Law Directions, 22–58. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192855374.003.0002.
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Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams, and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. This chapter discusses the actus reus elements of a criminal offence. The actus reus of an offence may involve an act or omission (conduct crimes); certain consequences being caused (result crimes); or the existence of surrounding circumstances (‘state of affairs’ crimes); it must be voluntarily performed. There is generally no liability for an omission to act. There are five exceptions: special relationship, voluntary assumption of responsibility, supervening fault, contractual duty or public office, and statutory duty. Where the defendant is charged with a ‘result’ crime, the prosecution must prove causation. An intervening event will break the chain of causation and the actus reus will not be established.
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Ormerod, David, and Karl Laird. "6. Parties to crime." In Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198807094.003.0006.
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A person who aids, abets, counsels or procures another to commit an offence is criminally liable and known as an ‘accessory’ or a ‘secondary party’. This chapter focuses on the basis of their liability, the distinction between accessories and principals, how secondary liability differs from inchoate liability, the principal offender, innocent agency, the accessory’s actus reus, whether an omission is sufficient and whether mere presence at the crime is enough. The chapter discusses the Supreme Court decision in Jogee, examining problems of ‘joint enterprise liability’, issues of terminology, the significance of the doctrine of joint enterprise in murder and why the Supreme Court characterized it as involving a ‘wrong turn’. It also deals with withdrawal by a secondary party before the principal offender commits the crime, victims as parties to crime, and instigation by law enforcement officers for the purpose of entrapment.
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Ormerod, David, and Karl Laird. "6. Parties to crime." In Smith, Hogan, and Ormerod's Criminal Law, 180–247. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198849704.003.0006.
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A person who aids, abets, counsels or procures another to commit an offence is criminally liable and known as an ‘accessory’ or a ‘secondary party’. This chapter focuses on the basis of their liability, the distinction between accessories and principals, how secondary liability differs from inchoate liability, the principal offender, innocent agency, the accessory’s actus reus, whether an omission is sufficient and whether mere presence at the crime is enough. The chapter discusses the Supreme Court decision in Jogee, examining problems of ‘joint enterprise liability’, issues of terminology, the significance of the doctrine of joint enterprise in murder and why the Supreme Court characterized it as involving a ‘wrong turn’. It also deals with withdrawal by a secondary party before the principal offender commits the crime, victims as parties to crime and instigation by law enforcement officers for the purpose of entrapment.
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Horder, Jeremy. "5. Criminal conduct: actus reus, causation, and permissions." In Ashworth's Principles of Criminal Law, 98–155. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198777663.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on the ‘general part’ of the criminal law—the rules and principles of the criminal law whose importance and application can be analysed and debated without necessarily referring to a specific crime. It first examines the limits of the notion of involuntary conduct. It then looks at various challenges to the ‘voluntary act’ requirement—where is the act if the law criminalizes the occurrence of a state of affairs, or mere possession? Next, it considers how the voluntary act requirement relates to crimes of omission. This is followed by discussions of causation and the circumstances in which conduct may be recognized as justifiable.
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Horder, Jeremy. "5. Criminal Conduct: Actus Reus, Causation, and Permissions." In Ashworth's Principles of Criminal Law, 106–70. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192897381.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter focuses on the ‘general part’ of the criminal law—the rules and principles of the criminal law whose importance and application can be analysed and debated without necessarily referring to a specific crime. It first examines the limits of the notion of involuntary conduct. It then looks at various challenges to the ‘voluntary act’ requirement—where is the act if the law criminalizes the occurrence of a state of affairs, or mere possession? Next, it considers how the voluntary act requirement relates to crimes of omission. This is followed by discussions of causation and the circumstances in which conduct may be recognized as justifiable.
Conference papers on the topic "Crime of omission"
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Silva, Juliano Cruz da, and Alexandre Vilar Oliveira Dala Déa. "PROTEÇÃO ÀS MINORIAS E A ADO 26 (AÇÃO DIRETA DE INCONSTUITUCIONALIDADE POR OMISSÃO). RECONHECIMENTO DA HOMOFOBIA E TRANSFOBIA COMO CRIMES DE RACISMO E O PRINCÍPIO DA RESEVA LEGAL." In Anais do Congresso de Políticas Públicas, Democracia e Direitos Fundamentais. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/163213.2-3.
Full textReports on the topic "Crime of omission"
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Radonić, Ljiljana. L’usage de la Shoah dans la mémoire des crimes du XXe siècle en Europe de l’est. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/0x003dfcbb.
Full textAbstract:
Beaucoup a été écrit sur les musées et les mémoriaux de la Shoah. Ljiljana Radonić s’intéresse dans ce texte[1] à la manière dont la Shoah est exposée dans les musées nationaux (en particulier en Europe centrale et orientale) pourtant consacrés à d’autres événements tragiques. Mais pourquoi ? Il ne s’agit pas tant de réparer une omission que d’évoquer la souffrance juive comme un modèle. Dans bien des cas, le message à comprendre : « Nos » victimes ont souffert « comme les Juifs ».