Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crime deterrence

Academic literature on the topic 'Crime deterrence'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Crime deterrence"

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Schmidtz, David. "Deterrence and Criminal Attempts." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 3 (September 1987): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1987.10716457.

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It is widely held that the proper role of criminal punishment is to ensure in a cost-efficient manner that criminal laws will be obeyed. As James Buchanan puts it,the reason we have courts is not that we want people to be convicted of crimes but that we want people not to commit them. The whole procedure of the law is one, essentially, of threatening people with unpleasant consequences if they do things which are regarded as objectionable.According to the deterrence theory of punishment, which I will here accept without argument in order to tease out some of its implications, legislators must be aware of opportunities to maximize the threat value of criminal prohibitions. By maximizing deterrence, we minimize the cost of crime. On the other hand, creating these threats, and carrying them out, is also costly. So we also wish to minimize the cost of avoiding crime. An efficient deterrent, therefore, will be one which minimizes the sum of the costs of crime and crime avoidance, where ‘cost’ is to be broadly construed.
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Orozco-Aleman, Sandra, and Heriberto Gonzalez-Lozano. "Immigration Enforcement, Deterrence, and Crime." AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May 1, 2020): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20201115.

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Does interior enforcement selectively deter Mexican migration? Our study shows that more aggressive enforcement increases the likelihood of having immigrants with US work experience and with jobs secured in the United States before their migration. We also look at whether having employment may be associated with lower crime incidence and shorter detention periods among immigrants. We find that employment decreases the likelihood of observing immigrants committing serious crimes and on the length of immigrant detention. By attracting quality workers, enforcement might decrease crime incidence, along with the length and costs of detention of removable immigrants in the United States.
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Park, MiRang. "A preliminary Study on the 1:1 Electronic Supervision System and Crime Deterrence of Sex Offenders." Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice 31, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 147–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2022.31.3.147.

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The main purpose of this study is to examine the deterrence of punishment of the 1:1 electronic supervision system. The study was conducted on all subjects of 1:1 electronic supervision, and with the cooperation of the Ministry of Justice, 20 subjects were interviewed and 21 subjects were surveyed. The deterrence of punishment perceived by the subjects of 1:1 electronic supervision was queried and investigated by dividing it into celerity, certainty, and severity. In terms of deterrence of punishment, the 1:1 electronic supervision system did not prove the special deterrece effect. However, it was proved that the deterrence of certainty is greater and clearer for the majority of sex offenders than severity or celerity. In addition, in terms of the celerity of punishment, the concern of the 1:1 electronic supervision was evident. In fact, it was recognized that the selection criteria that reflected the dynamic factor on the evaluation of the corrective effect and risk of the subject were necessary because the period of occurrence of the crime and the period of selecting the subject for 1:1 electronic supervision was too long. Although the system was started with great concerns, it was possible to partially confirm the effect of intensive probation that prioritizes human-centered and individual treatment within those concerns. In addition, it was confirmed that the unfairness of law enforcement or distrust toward the criminal justice system felt by the subjects weakened the net function of punishment. It could be confirmed once again that trust toward the criminal justice system takes precedence in order to expect the deterrent effect of punishment for special deterrence.
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Dušek, Libor. "Crime, Deterrence, and Democracy." German Economic Review 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 447–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2012.00571.x.

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Abstract The article provides new evidence on the effects of a major shock to deterrence on crime. The collapse of communism in the Czech Republic in 1989 was followed by sharp reductions in the probability and severity of punishment and by sharp increases in crime rates. I investigate whether deterrence was a significant contributor to the post-1989 growth in crime on a panel dataset of Czech regions. The results show strong deterrence effects for robbery, theft and intentional injury, but not for murder and rape. About 25% of the increase in robberies and 50% of the growth in thefts is accounted for by weaker deterrence.
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Marceau, Nicolas. "Competition in Crime Deterrence." Canadian Journal of Economics 30, no. 4a (November 1997): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/136273.

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Mansour, A., N. Marceau, and S. Mongrain. "Gangs and Crime Deterrence." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 22, no. 2 (January 18, 2006): 315–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewj015.

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Ferrante, Marcelo. "Deterrence and Crime Results." New Criminal Law Review 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 1–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2007.10.1.1.

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This article offers a comprehensive study of the merits of the legal practice of punishing accomplished crimes more severely than attempted crimes all other things being equal (differential punishment)vis-àà-vis the alternative of punishing them with equal sanctions (equal punishment).Unlike the overwhelming majority of the literature on the issue--which focuses on which practice better mirrors the offenders' relative moral deserts--the article evaluates both practices from a consequentialist, deterrence-based point of view. In particular, it shows first that traditional economic theories of the criminal law should yield the conclusion that differential punishment is not superior to equal punishment.The few arguments that the economic literature offers against such conclusion, the article shows, are mistaken. Secondly, drawing on social and psychological findings, the article advances three new arguments showing that, under some likely social and psychological conditions, differential punishment is in fact a superior alternative to equal punishment.
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Simpson, Sally S., William S. Laufer, N. Craig Smith, Melissa Rorie, and Natalie Schell‐Busey. "PROTOCOL: Corporate Crime Deterrence." Campbell Systematic Reviews 8, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cl2.98.

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Hazra, Devika. "What does (and does not) affect crime in India?" International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 503–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2019-0206.

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PurposeThis paper uses data from 2010 to 2016 across 32 states and union territories to investigate the determinants of crime in India. Results indicate the significance of macroeconomic, demographic, socioeconomic and deterrence factors in accounting for various categories of crime.Design/methodology/approachDue to the evidence of heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence, linear regression with panel-corrected standard errors is implemented.FindingsIt has been found that among the macroeconomic factors, only GSDP per capita was found relevant in explaining total crime rates. However, the unemployment rate and price level are crucial in explaining some categories of crime. The demographic factor, that is, population density, socioeconomic factors, that is, income inequality, poverty rate, literacy rate exhibit important and significant relationship with crime rates in India. Further, out of the four deterrence factors, charge-sheeting rate, conviction rate, pendency in police cases are important in explaining various categories of crime rates in India.Originality/valueWhile implications of some socioeconomic variables are consistent with those found in previous studies, literacy rates and deterrence variables were found to have a positive association with crime. In particular, in a developing country such as India, white-collar crimes tend to increase as literacy rates increase. This calls for implementing policies that lead to greater employment opportunities for the educated masses. This paper also sheds light on the relationship between deterrence factors and crime rates in India. Deficiencies in the legal and judicial system have been detrimental to the nation's ability to curb crime rates.
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Pickett, Justin T. "Using Behavioral Economics to Advance Deterrence Research and Improve Crime Policy: Some Illustrative Experiments." Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 12 (March 21, 2018): 1636–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718763136.

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Recent experiments show that offender decision making is characterized by the use of cognitive heuristics. Questions remain about what this means for deterrence research and policy. I argue that the primary task is to identify ways to leverage decision-making biases to reduce crime. I outline three avenues for future research on deterrence, and discuss their relevance for crime policy. To illustrate these lines of inquiry and stimulate additional studies, I provide initial experimental results for each topic. I report evidence that (a) pseudocertainty publicity can increase perceived arrest risk and deterrent fear, (b) the availability heuristic can help explain how target characteristics affect situational perceptions of crime benefits and costs, and (c) individuals experience declining sensitivity to increases in sanction severity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crime deterrence"

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Rupp, Thomas. "Meta Analysis of Crime and Deterrence : A Comprehensive Review of the Literature." Phd thesis, Norderstedt Books on Demand GmbH, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988987139/04.

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English, Diana Jane. "An historical analysis of punishment policy 1600 to 1865 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8136.

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Meehan, Michael K. "The tools of prevention building prevention and deterrence into exercise programs /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA486358.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Bellavita, Christopher. "September 2006." "Change in distribution statement for Tools of Prevention: Building Prevention and Deterrence into Exercise Programs -- September 2006." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 17, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-119). Also available in print.
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Bergman, Marcelo S. "On trust, deterrence and compliance : the sociology of tax evasion in Argentina /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3029642.

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Mahoney, Thomas Gregory. "Workers' compensation claimant fraud investigations : deterring light blue-collar crime." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/workers-compensation-claimant-fraud-investigations-deterring-light-bluecollar-crime(19c674ec-0405-4631-9e3e-88de8afce7d6).html.

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Programme evaluation research examined the criminological and socio-legal issues of a Claimant Fraud Investigation Program (CFIP) operating inside the workers' compensation system. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to evaluate the programmes' choice of deterrence as an instrumental mechanism for achieving compliance. Key aspects of the programme were analysed from both criminological and socio-legal standpoints. Justice and liberty tensions were examined in reference to the programmes' deterrence mechanisms and the perceptions of fourteen participants' were thematically analysed. The study develops an analytically useful concept of light blue-collar crime that could be applied to other organisations and scenarios. The study concluded the programme is not effective and has more of a symbolic than instrumental value. It conducts itself ethically, however, there are problems with its' choice of deterrence and the study indicates there is a low probability for a deterrent effect. Recommendations are made for other actors and institutions to play non-deterrence based roles intended to achieve compliance.
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Kmiec, Marek. "Biblical standards for the death penalty." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.

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Cook, Amanda Paige. "CAPITAL AND PUNISHMENT: SUPPORTING THE DEATH OF DETERRENCE." MSSTATE, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04262007-171049/.

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Previous research has examined certainty and severity of punishment as serving a deterrent function. This research examines the effects of economic, cultural, and social capital, as well as the effects of certainty, severity, and prior punishment on likelihood of re-offending. Data collected at the Central Mississippi Correctional Facility suggest that traditional deterrence indicators are insufficient for predicting likelihood of re-offending. This research finds that prior punishment increases likelihood of re-offending, a finding completely counter to that of traditional deterrence. Re-offending may be best understood by considering the effects of punishment on increasing prison capital and decreasing real world capital. The argument is that inmates consider their potential in the real world as compared to that in a prison when reporting likelihood of re-offending. Such considerations should better explain likelihood of re-offending as compared to traditional deterrence indicators, such as certainty, severity, and prior punishment.
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Delaney, Christopher L. "The effects of focused deterrence on gang homicide : an evaluation of Rochester's Ceasefire program /." Link to online version, 2005. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/1542.

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Tanaka, Dai. "Exploring Factors Affecting Crime Rates in Japan (1955-2012)." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1627.

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Japan has been seen as a safe country in the world. Previous studies that show societal and cultural characteristics have contributed to the comparative low crime rates. Also, the roles of criminal justice system are critical. Today, Japanese society favors a more punitive approach towards offenders. The present study examined which variables of economic factors, socio-structural factors, and deterrence factors affected Japanese crime rates (i.e., homicide, robbery, and larceny), testing for Institutional anomie theory (IAT) and deterrence theory. I conducted visual examination of co-variation with Z-scores and an ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average), with Japanese governmental data from 1955 to 2012. The results indicated homicide rates were explained by neither IAT nor deterrence variables. Robbery rates were significantly related with unemployment rates and divorce rates, supporting IAT. Larceny rates were strongly associated with clearance rates, giving support to deterrence theory. Based on the results, practical implications and limitations were discussed.
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Speziale, Nino. "Criminalità, deterrenza criminale e determinanti economiche. Analisi empirica." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/226.

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2009 - 2010
La tesi, dopo un capitolo dedicato alle teorie sulla criminalità nelle scienze sociali e sui modelli economici del crimine sviluppati dalla letteratura, presenta tre analisi empiriche che studiano le determinanti criminali in Europa e nel mondo su dati nazionali e in Italia a livello regionale. L’analisi europea esamina la relazione fra criminalità, deterrenza criminale e le opportunità del mercato del lavoro nelle 27 nazioni appartenenti all’Unione Europea per il periodo 2000-2007 su dati Eurostat. Il tasso di disoccupazione viene analizzato seguendo anche una classificazione ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) per studiare il contributo fornito dall’educazione del soggetto disoccupato nella formazione del comportamento criminale. Viene implementato un modello dinamico usando uno stimatore system GMM per controllare l’endogeneità delle determinanti criminali, la presenza degli effetti specifici nazionali non osservabili e l’errore sistematico di misurazione delle statistiche criminali. Successivamente, nell’analisi mondiale, si estende il lavoro a 50 nazioni, considerando il periodo 2003-2007 su dati UNESCO. Si investiga sulla relazione fra i crimini più violenti, il tasso di omicidi, e il fattore educativo, cioè l’impatto della popolazione con bassa e alta istruzione. Al modello dinamico viene applicato lo stimatore BC (Bias Correction) per risolvere le problematiche derivanti dalla presenza di un panel non bilanciato. Infine, l’analisi sulle regioni italiane si concentra sugli effetti della deterrenza criminale, l’impatto del mercato del lavoro e dell’abbandono scolastico su diversi tassi di criminalità. Si studia inoltre l’esistenza dei “white collar crimes” con l’uso della percentuale degli impiegati nella Pubblica Amministrazione come variabile esplicativa. La metodologia econometrica impiegata è il system GMM applicato ad una specificazione dinamica, per il periodo 1995-2004 su dati Istat. I risultati ottenuti sono in linea con quanto predetto dai modelli economici sul crimine, in più offrono diversi contributi alla materia. Nell’analisi europea i risultati mostrano, oltre all’efficacia delle politiche di deterrenza, la relazione positiva fra disoccupazione e i diversi tassi di criminalità, relazione che decresce all’aumentare del livello di istruzione ISCED nell’individuo disoccupato. L’unica relazione negativa si verifica nei furti con scasso nelle abitazioni, infatti durante i periodi di alta disoccupazione, gli individui spendono più tempo a casa, acquistando il ruolo di guardiani dei propri beni. Nell’analisi mondiale, le proxy sull’educazione catturano l’effetto civilizzazione, all’aumentare degli individui più acculturati diminuisce il fenomeno criminale. Nell’analisi italiana, la disoccupazione e l’abbandono scolastico sono positivamente correlati con i tassi criminali, mentre la relazione con i salari dipende, come nel caso europeo, dal crimine analizzato. Infine si osserva un effetto “white collar crime”. [a cura dell'autore]
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Books on the topic "Crime deterrence"

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Schneider, Anne L. Deterrence and Juvenile Crime. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8925-5.

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Imai, Susumu. Employment, dynamic deterrence and crime. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Legal sanctions and deterrence. Ottawa: Dept. of Justice Canada, Research and Development Directorate, Policy, Programs and Research Branch, 1988.

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Canada, Canada Justice. Legal sanctions and deterrence. Ottawa: Justice Canada, 1988.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Deterrence and the Death Penalty, National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Law and Justice, and National Research Council (U.S.). Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, eds. Deterrence and the death penalty. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2012.

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Jørgen, Aasness, and Skjerpen Terje, eds. Economics of crime: Deterrence and the rational offender. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1994.

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Schonebaum, Stephen E. Does capital punishment deter crime? Edited by Schonebaum Stephen E. 1961-. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998.

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Kennedy, David M. Deterrence and crime prevention: Reconsidering the prospect of sanction. New York, NY: Routledge, 2008.

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Lee, David S. Crime, punishment, and myopia. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Cusson, Maurice. The social control of crime. [Montréal]: Centre international de Criminologie Comparée Univerité de Montréal, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crime deterrence"

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Lab, Steven P. "General Deterrence." In Crime Prevention, 146–61. 11th ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003271673-9.

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Lab, Steven P. "General Deterrence." In Crime Prevention, 151–67. New York : Routledge, 2020. | Revised edition of the author’s Crime prevention, 2016. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429423420-9.

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Winter, Harold. "Private crime deterrence." In The Economics of Crime, 85–99. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429467158-7.

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Lab, Steven P. "Specific Deterrence and Incapacitation." In Crime Prevention, 303–19. 11th ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003271673-18.

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Lab, Steven P. "Specific Deterrence and Incapacitation." In Crime Prevention, 313–31. New York : Routledge, 2020. | Revised edition of the author’s Crime prevention, 2016. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429423420-18.

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Kennedy, David M., Mark A. R. Kleiman, and Anthony A. Braga. "Beyond deterrence." In Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 157–82. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315724393-8.

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Perry, Amanda E. "Sentencing and Deterrence." In Springer Series on Evidence-Based Crime Policy, 169–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3477-5_6.

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Kleck, Gary, and Brion Sever. "Individual-Level Research on General Deterrence." In Punishment and Crime, 98–142. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315142258-5.

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Kocian, Eric J. "Deterrence Theory and Batman." In Theories of Crime Through Popular Culture, 7–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54434-8_2.

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Miceli, Thomas J. "The Social Cost of Crime: Deterrence." In The Paradox of Punishment, 23–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31695-2_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crime deterrence"

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Castro, Rafael D. E. H., Martha Pena-Sarmiento, H. Norza C. Ervyn, Camilo A. Sanchez, Erick Gillen, Yeizon A. Duarte, and Luis O. Jimenez A. "Assessing of frequency dynamics of EEG signals in a visualization experiment related to crime deterrence." In 2020 5th International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences (ICIIBMS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciibms50712.2020.9336207.

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Helen, A., N. Komal Kumar, M. Jijendira Prasath, B. Avinash, and A. K. Agin. "Crime Deterrent with the Framework of Nasal Entity." In 2020 6th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccs48705.2020.9074187.

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Tripti, Nasima Ferdous, Abrar Farhad, Wasim Iqbal, and Hasan U. Zaman. "SaveMe: A Crime Deterrent Personal Safety Android App with a Bluetooth Connected Hardware Switch." In 2018 9th IEEE Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsgrc.2018.8657489.

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Ferrer, Sheila, and Tomás Ruiz Sánchez. "Comparison of the factors of the built environment influencing the decision to walk for short trips in two Spanish cities: Valencia and Granada." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4263.

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In this study, we use a qualitative methodology to identify and compare factors of the built environment influencing the decision to walk for short trips in two different Spanish cities: Valencia and Granada. Three focus groups were held in Valencia and two in Granada with participants who undertook, at least once a week, one short non-shopping trip in any travel mode (were “short trip” is defined as less than 30-45 minutes walking distance). A thematic analysis of the data using the software QSR NVivo was performed after the transcription of the video recordings. Results show that participants perceive more facilitators to walking in Granada than in Valencia, explained by the smaller size of the former city and the driving restriction policy in the city centre of Granada for private cars. The main common barriers to walking in the two cities were: insecurity from crime (absence of people, a poor street lighting or walking along a conflictive are), a high density of traffic lights and walking along large avenues. In the city of Valencia, crossing multilane avenues and large-diameter roundabouts are deterrents to walking. In Granada, very steep streets motivate the use of alternative travel modes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4263
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Alade, Idowu Mojeed. "In Quest for Sanctity and Inviolability of Human Life: Capital Punishment in Herodotus Book 1." In 27th iSTEAMS-ACity-IEEE International Conference. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v27p33.

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It is a common knowledge that workers both in the public and private sector spends their wages on critical needs such as rent, school fees, food, transportation, recharge cards and healthcare (moller,2004). They are also predominantly expose to economic risk, natural risk, health risk, life cycle risks, policy based and institutional risks, social and political risk (Geneva, ILO-STEP). Various government including Nigeria, historically have been able to introduce some forms of ad-hoc interventions programmes such as mortgage rent reduction, reduction in taxes, cancellation or postponement of loan payment and other form of direct subsidies (Townsend, 1994). Majority of these measures are privileges and not “right” in most developing countries including Nigeria (Sigma, 2005; UNDP 2003). Practiced in almost all ancient and traditional societies, with debates for and against, among lawgivers and philosophers, Capital punishment, also known as death penalty, was a part of the Athenian Greek law code as early as the time of Draco during the 7th Century BC. The debates and controversies continue until date. Is it just, unjust or a false justice? As at the year 2018, according to Amnesty International,1 55 countries of modern civilized world retain death penalty while a certain number have completely abolished it. Herodotus, the ancient Greek historian, in his Histories, record many instances of state sanctioned capital punishments. This paper, an attempt to accentuate the unjust nature of capital punishment and support its complete universal abolition, identifies three references to death penalty in Herodotus Book 1: combing, impaling and stoning. Book I of Herodotus was context analysed and interpreted with evidence from other relevant literary and historical sources. Arguments for death penalty include serving as deterrent to potential offenders and some sort of justice for the victims and family, especially in the case of murder; and the state, in the case of treason and other capital offences. Findings, however, revealed that capital punishment seldom curb potential criminals and might embittered and encouraged grievous crimes while discoveries of errors in judgment, among other reasons, could make death sentences unjust. The paper concluded by recommending prevention of such crimes necessitating capital punishments and proffered making greater efforts towards total abolition. Keywords: Capital punishment, Herodotus, Herodotus Histories, Justice, Death penalty.
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Reports on the topic "Crime deterrence"

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Imai, Susumu, and Kala Krishna. Employment, Dynamic Deterrence and Crime. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8281.

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Garrett, Thomas A., and Lesli S. Ott. Crime and Arrests: Deterrence or Resource Reallocation? Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2010.011.

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Goodrich, Daniel, and Frances Edwards. Transportation, Terrorism and Crime: Deterrence, Disruption and Resilience. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2019.1896.

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4

Corman, Hope, and Naci Mocan. Alcohol Consumption, Deterrence and Crime in New York City. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18731.

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Mocan, H. Naci, and Daniel Rees. Economic Conditions, Deterrence and Juvenile Crime: Evidence from Micro Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7405.

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Tauchen, Helen, Ann Dryden Witte, and Harriet Griesinger. Deterrence, Work and Crime: Revisiting the Issues with Birth Cohort Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2508.

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Levitt, Steven. Why Do Increased Arrest Rates Appear to Reduce Crime: Deterrence, Incapacitation, or Measurement Error? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5268.

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Guarín, Arlen, Carlos Alberto Medina-Durango, and Jorge Andrés Tamayo-Castaño. The effects of punishment of crime in Colombia on deterrence, incapacitation, and human capital formation. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.774.

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Frisancho, Veronica, Evi Pappa, and Chiara Santantonio. When Women Win: Can Female Representation Decrease Gender-Based Violence? Inter-American Development Bank, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004513.

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Abstract:
Every day, three women are murdered in the United States by a current or former partner. Yet policy action to prevent gender-based violence has been limited. Previous studies have highlighted the effect of female political representation on crimes against women in the developing world. This paper investigates whether the election of a female politician reduces the incidence of gender-based violence in the United States. Using a regression discontinuity design on mixed-gender races, we find that the election of a female House Representative leads to a short-lived decline in the prevalence of femicides in her electoral district. The drop in femicides is mainly driven by a deterrence effect that results from higher police responsiveness and effort in solving gender-related crimes.
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