Academic literature on the topic 'Crickets Diseases'
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Journal articles on the topic "Crickets Diseases"
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Duffield, Kristin R., Bert Foquet, Judith A. Stasko, John Hunt, Ben M. Sadd, Scott K. Sakaluk, and José L. Ramirez. "Induction of Multiple Immune Signaling Pathways in Gryllodes sigillatus Crickets during Overt Viral Infections." Viruses 14, no. 12 (December 3, 2022): 2712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14122712.
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Despite decades of focus on crickets (family: Gryllidae) as a popular commodity and model organism, we still know very little about their immune responses to microbial pathogens. Previous studies have measured downstream immune effects (e.g., encapsulation response, circulating hemocytes) following an immune challenge in crickets, but almost none have identified and quantified the expression of immune genes during an active pathogenic infection. Furthermore, the prevalence of covert (i.e., asymptomatic) infections within insect populations is becoming increasingly apparent, yet we do not fully understand the mechanisms that maintain low viral loads. In the present study, we measured the expression of several genes across multiple immune pathways in Gryllodes sigillatus crickets with an overt or covert infection of cricket iridovirus (CrIV). Crickets with overt infections had higher relative expression of key pathway component genes across the Toll, Imd, Jak/STAT, and RNAi pathways. These results suggests that crickets can tolerate low viral infections but can mount a robust immune response during an overt CrIV infection. Moreover, this study provides insight into the immune strategy of crickets following viral infection and will aid future studies looking to quantify immune investment and improve resistance to pathogens.
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de Miranda, Joachim R., Fredrik Granberg, Piero Onorati, Anna Jansson, and Åsa Berggren. "Virus Prospecting in Crickets—Discovery and Strain Divergence of a Novel Iflavirus in Wild and Cultivated Acheta domesticus." Viruses 13, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030364.
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Orthopteran insects have high reproductive rates leading to boom-bust population dynamics with high local densities that are ideal for short, episodic disease epidemics. Viruses are particularly well suited for such host population dynamics, due to their supreme ability to adapt to changing transmission criteria. However, very little is known about the viruses of Orthopteran insects. Since Orthopterans are increasingly reared commercially, for animal feed and human consumption, there is a risk that viruses naturally associated with these insects can adapt to commercial rearing conditions, and cause disease. We therefore explored the virome of the house cricket Acheta domesticus, which is both part of the natural Swedish landscape and reared commercially for the pet feed market. Only 1% of the faecal RNA and DNA from wild-caught A. domesticus consisted of viruses. These included both known and novel viruses associated with crickets/insects, their bacterial-fungal microbiome, or their plant food. Relatively abundant among these viral Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) was a novel Iflavirus, tentatively named Acheta domesticus Iflavirus (AdIV). Quantitative analyses showed that AdIV was also abundant in frass and insect samples from commercially reared crickets. Interestingly, the wild and commercial AdIV strains had short, extremely divergent variation hotspots throughout the genome, which may indicate specific adaptation to their hosts’ distinct rearing environments.
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Papp, Tibor, and Rachel E. Marschang. "Detection and Characterization of Invertebrate Iridoviruses Found in Reptiles and Prey Insects in Europe over the Past Two Decades." Viruses 11, no. 7 (July 2, 2019): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11070600.
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Invertebrate iridoviruses (IIVs), while mostly described in a wide range of invertebrate hosts, have also been repeatedly detected in diagnostic samples from poikilothermic vertebrates including reptiles and amphibians. Since iridoviruses from invertebrate and vertebrate hosts differ strongly from one another based not only on host range but also on molecular characteristics, a series of molecular studies and bioassays were performed to characterize and compare IIVs from various hosts and evaluate their ability to infect a vertebrate host. Eight IIV isolates from reptilian and orthopteran hosts collected over a period of six years were partially sequenced. Comparison of eight genome portions (total over 14 kbp) showed that these were all very similar to one another and to an earlier described cricket IIV isolate, thus they were given the collective name lizard–cricket IV (Liz–CrIV). One isolate from a chameleon was also subjected to Illumina sequencing and almost the entire genomic sequence was obtained. Comparison of this longer genome sequence showed several differences to the most closely related IIV, Invertebrate iridovirus 6 (IIV6), the type species of the genus Iridovirus, including several deletions and possible recombination sites, as well as insertions of genes of non-iridoviral origin. Three isolates from vertebrate and invertebrate hosts were also used for comparative studies on pathogenicity in crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) at 20 and 30 °C. Finally, the chameleon isolate used for the genome sequencing studies was also used in a transmission study with bearded dragons. The transmission studies showed large variability in virus replication and pathogenicity of the three tested viruses in crickets at the two temperatures. In the infection study with bearded dragons, lizards inoculated with a Liz–CrIV did not become ill, but the virus was detected in numerous tissues by qPCR and was also isolated in cell culture from several tissues. Highest viral loads were measured in the gastro-intestinal organs and in the skin. These studies demonstrate that Liz–CrIV circulates in the pet trade in Europe. This virus is capable of infecting both invertebrates and poikilothermic vertebrates, although its involvement in disease in the latter has not been proven.
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Priyambodo, Swastiko, and Rianita Septiana. "Study on the feeding behaviour of house shrew (Suncus murinus L.) in Bogor to feed and rodenticide." Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi 15, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agrovigor.v15i2.12918.
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Shrew is an animal belong to small mammals that the existence must be noticed because it has defecation behavior and their droplets often pollutes the house. Shrew can be vectors in the spread of infectious diseases to human. Shrew management has not been conducted well. Information about the most preferred bait and the effective rodenticide as a reference in controlling is not widely known. Chemical control using rodenticides is effective enough and does not take a long time. The objective of this research was to obtain shrew preference to the types of feed that commonly consumed by human and rodenticide to control it. It can be used as bait in trapping and poisoned bait which are effective in shrew management. Baits that used were cooked rice, rice, white bread, Tenebrio larvae, cricket, chicken nugget, fish meatball, and salted fish. Choice tests were used by serving eight feeds in one cage for seven consecutive days in the first test. Then, choose four prefered feeds and tested for seven consecutive days in the second test. Acute poison (zinc phosphide) and chronic poison (coumatetralyl) mixed with the most preferred feed, then served with control feed as comparison for the third test. Result of this research showed that cricket was the most preferred feed therefore it can be used as trap bait or poisoned bait. Moreover, the other most preferred feed is Tenebrio larvae, fish meatball, and cooked rice that can be used as substitution feed if crickets are difficult to find. Zinc phosphide rodenticide is more effective than coumatetralyl to kill shrew with relatively fast on the time of death.
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Yeh, Hui-Yuan, Chieh-fu Jeff Cheng, ChingJung Huang, Xiaoya Zhan, Weng Kin Wong, and Piers D. Mitchell. "Discovery of Eurytrema Eggs in Sediment from a Colonial Period Latrine in Taiwan." Korean Journal of Parasitology 57, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.595.
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In this study we take a closer look at the diseases that afflicted Japanese police officers who were stationed in a remote mountainous region of Taiwan from 1921 to 1944. Samples were taken from the latrine at the Huabanuo police outpost, and analyzed for the eggs of intestinal parasites, using microscopy and ELISA. The eggs of <i>Eurytrema</i> sp., (possibly <i>E</i>. <i>pancreaticum</i>), whipworm and roundworm were shown to be present. True infection with <i>Eurytrema</i> would indicate that the policemen ate uncooked grasshoppers and crickets infected with the parasite. However, false parasitism might also occur if the policemen ate the uncooked intestines of infected cattle, and the <i>Eurytrema</i> eggs passed through the human intestines. These findings provide an insight into the diet and health of the Japanese colonists in Taiwan nearly a century ago.
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Abah, O. I., P. A. Audu, F. O. Iyaji, and M. L. Ughoeke. "Prevalence of endoparasites of field crickets (Brachytrupes membranaceous) in the eastern zone of Kogi State, north-central, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 40, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v40i1.10.
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Luong, L. T., R. Kortet, and A. V. Hedrick. "Prevalence and intensity of Cephalobium microbivorum (Nematoda: Diplogasterida) infection in three species of Gryllus field crickets." Parasitology Research 97, no. 4 (July 29, 2005): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-005-1417-4.
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HANELT, B. "An anomaly against a current paradigm – extremely low rates of individual fecundity variability of the Gordian worm (Nematomorpha: Gordiida)." Parasitology 136, no. 2 (December 22, 2008): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008005337.
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SUMMARYExtreme variation in reproductive success (VRS) has been reported as a common feature of populations. Few individuals producing most of the offspring for the next generation has potential consequences for the population dynamics, genetics, and evolution of a group of organisms. High VRS has been described as a normal feature of helminth populations, although studies have focused largely on parasites of vertebrate hosts. Paragordius varius, a parasite of crickets, was used as a model system to study VRS. In this life cycle, worms absorb and store resources for reproduction from their hosts before being released into water. Egg output varied significantly with worm length, indicating that female length is an excellent predictor of fecundity. Analyses using the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient suggest that there were no marked fecundity differences. This result was supported by data collected from a natural gordiid population, Gordius difficilis, suggesting that within gordiid populations the offspring of the next generation are contributed nearly equally by females. In addition, male body length appeared to be limited by intensity, whereas females showed no length limitation by crowding. These results contrast previous studies of parasites.
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Panagodage-Perera, Nirmala K., Garrett Scott Bullock, Nigel K. Arden, and Stephanie R. Filbay. "Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in current and former recreational and elite cricketers: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 11, no. 11 (November 2021): e052014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052014.
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ObjectiveFormer sports participants do not necessarily maintain high levels of physical activity (PA) across their lifespan. Considering physical inactivity in former athletes is associated with an increased susceptibility to inactivity-related chronic diseases, research into PA behaviours in cricketers of all playing-standards is needed. The objective was to (1) describe PA and sedentary behaviour in current and former cricketers, and (2) determine the odds of current, former, recreational and elite cricketers meeting PA guidelines and health-enhancing PA (HEPA) compared with the general population.Study designCross-sectional survey.SettingQuestionnaire response, UK.Participants2267 current and former cricketers (age: 52±15 years, male: 97%, current: 59%, recreational: 45%) participated. Cricketers were recruited through the Cricket Health and Wellbeing Study and met eligibility requirements (aged ≥18 years; played ≥1 year of cricket).Primary and secondary outcomesAge-matched and sex-matched data from Health Survey for England 2015 (n=3201) was used as the general population-based sample. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form assessed PA. Logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, education and ethnicity were used to meet the second aim.Results90% of current and 82% of former cricketers met UK PA guidelines. Current (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.49)) and elite (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.78) cricketers had greater odds of meeting UK PA guidelines, and elite cricketers had greater odds of HEPA (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.42), compared with the general population. Former cricketers had reduced odds (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.99) of meeting the UK PA guidelines compared with the general population.ConclusionsElite cricketers had a greater odds of meeting the PA guidelines and HEPA, compared with the general population. Former cricketers demonstrated reduced odds of meeting the PA guidelines compared with the general population. Strategies are needed to transition cricketers to an active lifestyle after retirement, since former cricketers demonstrated reduced odds of meeting the PA guidelines compared with the general population.
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Sakhno, Natalia. "Interesting Facts on ENT Organs." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2009-09.
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Hearing is the second most important sense organ after vision. The hearing organ enables cognition, communication with others and perception of the beauty – to hear the singing of birds and the sound of rain, to get acquainted with the street musicians’ performances and enjoy the world music masterpieces. Hearing helps us navigate the surrounding space and warns us of danger. There are many interesting facts on this sense organ in the world. For example, in some insects, such as crickets and grasshoppers, the hearing organs are located on the front legs; elephants have the ability to perceive sounds not only with their ears but also with their trunk and columnar legs – this is how they learn about the approach of an enemy or a herd of relatives. Human ears can grow throughout life, and the right ear is “exploited” four times more often than the left. The laryngoscope, a special tool for examining the larynx, was not invented by an ENT doctor but by a musician, Manuel Garcia, even though it was first used thanks to a doctor and scientist from Budapest, Jan Cermak, in medical practice. It is him who is regarded as the founder of modern otorhinolaryngology, the science that studies the ear, throat and nose diseases.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crickets Diseases"
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Davis, Jacqueline M. L. "Occurrence of Erwinia Salicis in cricket-bat willow (Salix alba var caerulea)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296345.
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Blackburn, Laura M. "Status of Blanchard's cricket frogs (Acris crepitans Blanchardi) along their decline front : population parameters, malformation rates, and disease." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1244094.
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The most urgent amphibian conservation issue in the Upper Midwest has been Blanchard's cricket frog (Acris crepitans blanchardi) declines over much of their northern range. Several causes have been proposed to explain these declines, including pesticide applications, disease, habitat loss, and habitat modification. My goal was to explore these proposed causes. Using a combination of field and laboratory analyses, including population analyses, gross inspections for malformations, and a histopathological analysis for indicators of fungus, disease and parasites, I found evidence for disease (a viral infection) and stress (fluctuating asymmetry, malformations and parasitism). Interestingly, the population most affected by these factors was also the one that contained the most animals and was located south of the presumed decline front (i.e., was assumed to be healthy).Department of Biology
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De, Graaf Johan. "Development, phonotaxis and management of Gryllotalpa africana Palisot de Beauvois (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) on turfgrass." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27823.
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"The Influence Of Temperature On Chytridiomycosis In Northern Cricket Frogs." 2016.
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Chytridiomycosis, a disease of amphibians caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is an ideal system for studying how temperature influences the host-pathogen relationship because both the host and the pathogen are ectothermic. In this dissertation, I employ a three-pronged approach to investigate the relationship between temperature and the prevalence, severity, and outcome of Bd infections in Northern cricket frogs (Acris crepitans) using both laboratory experiments and field studies. In Chapter One, I conducted a Bd exposure study to determine whether constant temperatures affect Bd pathogenesis differently in live hosts than in culture. Exposure frogs were inoculated weekly with 100 million zoospores of a virulent strain of Bd and frogs were incubated at one of six temperatures: 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, or 26°C. Infection prevalence and pathogen load in Bd-exposed frogs were highest at 14°C while survival was lowest at 11˚C. These results demonstrate that Bd pathogenicity peaks at different temperatures in live hosts than Bd growth peaks at in culture. In Chapter Two, I combine a field study that assesses the effect of microhabitat choice, seasonality and latitude on Bd prevalence and severity in wild amphibian populations with a laboratory study that investigates how temperatures that fluctuate during diurnal and nocturnal cycles influence Bd pathogenicity. Across all states, I found that year was the only significant predictor of infection prevalence, but probability of infection was predicted by year, month, and latitude, and pathogen load was predicted by month and body temperature. In my experimental study, I found infection prevalence and pathogen load to be highest, and survival lowest, in the Louisiana winter group (7˚-17˚C). In my third chapter, I used a biophysical model, Niche Mapper, to predict probability of survival and infection prevalence in Northern cricket frogs by modelling host body temperature. I found that the probability of an infected frog surviving thirty days in May was highest in Southern Louisiana and lowest in Northern Michigan. These studies demonstrate that temperature is an important influence on infection outcome in live hosts.1
Julia Madeleine Sonn
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Mosupi, P. O. P. (Pharoah Olifant Pedro). "Chemical and cultural control of armoured bush cricket, Acanthoplus discoidalis (Walker) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodinae), in sorghum in Botswana." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29424.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Crickets Diseases"
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Deftos, Leonard John, and Mark Zeigler. "Sports endocrinology: the use and abuse of performance-enhancing hormones and drugs." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 61–68. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1055.
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The endocrine system pervades all of sports, just as it pervades all of biology and medicine. The importance of endocrine glands and their hormonal products and effects in sports is axiomatic to the endocrinologist, and the actions in athletic activity of key hormones such as adrenaline are even known to much of the lay public. The other chapters in this textbook provided a systematic review of the effects of these hormones on organ systems, including those involved in sports as well as in health and disease. This chapter will only provide brief review of endocrine physiology that is relevant to sports. Such reviews can be readily found in other publications (1) as well as in the other chapters of this book. This chapter will instead focus on the role of hormones in the international sports arena, an arena that is populated by professional athletes, aspiring athletes, and the weekend warrior public of essentially all countries. Unlike classic endocrinology, where primarily endogenous hormones play a role in both health and disease, exogenous hormones taken supraphysiologically as well as physiologically have a major role in contemporary sports endocrinology (2). Consequently, sports endocrinology often collides with the administrative, regulatory, and legal bodies that reside at its intersection with sports events (2, 3). While systematic research will inform the basis of much of this chapter, anecdotes taken from sport can also be provocative if not informative (3). For example, consider the role of thyroid hormone replacement in the athlete who has hypothyroidism, a situation recently manifest by a pitcher in major league baseball who had surgery for thyroid cancer. Without much research support, the temptation exists to try to enhance this athlete’s performance by increasing his thyroid hormone dose before he is scheduled to pitch. At the other end of this particular spectrum is the athlete who chronically abuses androgens. Cases that also challenge the endocrinologist can fall in between these two extremes, such as glucose regulation for a diabetic footballer between games and during games and the cricketer who uses amphetamines intermittently. While the use of hormones is at the centre of classic endocrinology, the medical periphery that is the ambit of some of sports endocrinology lurches beyond, into exercise pills and gene doping (1–4). It will become apparent that there is a paucity of controlled studies that demonstrate performance-enhancing effects of most of the agents abused by athletes (5). However, when all of the evidence is examined, exogenous androgens and perhaps growth hormone do seem to enhance athletic performance.