Journal articles on the topic 'Credit analysis – Ontario – Toronto'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Credit analysis – Ontario – Toronto.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Credit analysis – Ontario – Toronto.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Philip, Elizabeth, Ramesh P. Rudra, Pradeep K. Goel, and Syed I. Ahmed. "Investigation of the Long-Term Trends in the Streamflow Due to Climate Change and Urbanization for a Great Lakes Watershed." Atmosphere 13, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020225.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change and rapid urbanization could possibly increase the vulnerability of the Great Lakes Basin, Canada, which is the largest surface freshwater system in the world. This study explores the joint impact of climate change and land-use changes on the hydrology of a rapidly urbanizing Credit River watershed which lets out into Lake Ontario 25 km southwest of downtown Toronto, Ontario (ON), Canada; we began by classifying the watershed into urban and rural sections. A non-parametric Mann–Kendall test and the Sen slope estimator served to detect and describe the annual-, seasonal-, and monthly-scale trends in the climate variables (temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration), as well as the streamflow characteristics (median annual streamflow, baseflow, Runoff Coefficients (RC), Flow Duration Curve (FDC), Center of Volume (COV), and Peak Over Threshold (POT)) since 1916 for four rural and urban sub-watersheds. The temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration (1950–2019) showed significant increasing trends for different months and seasons. Furthermore, the results indicated that the median annual streamflow, 7-day annual minimum flow, and days above normal are increasing; meanwhile, the annual maximum streamflow is decreasing. A total of 230 datasets were tested for their trends; of these, 80% and 20% increasing and decreasing trends were obtained, respectively. Of the total, significant trends (<0.05%) of 32% and 2% increasing and decreasing, respectively, were observed. The results of the FDC analysis indicated a decline in the annual and winter 10:90 exceedance ratio over the years for the rural and urban sub-watershed gauges. The BFI results show that the BFI of the rural areas was, on average, 18% higher than that of the urban areas. In addition, the RC also showed the influence of land-use and population changes on the watershed hydrology, as the RC for the urban gauge area was 19.3% higher than that for the rural area gauge. However, the difference in the RC was the lowest (5.8%) in the summer. Overall, the findings from this study highlight the annual, seasonal, and monthly changes in the temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and streamflow in the watershed under study. Based on the available monitored data, it was difficult to quantify the changes in the streamflow over the decade which were attributable to population growth and land-cover use and management changes due to municipal official planning in the watershed.
2
CARMODY, DANA. "THE T. EATON COMPANY LIMITED: A CASE ANALYSIS." Journal of Enterprising Culture 10, no. 03 (September 2002): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495802000104.
Full textAbstract:
The T Eaton company, considered the world's first department store, was named after its founder Timothy Eaton. In 1869, it as a small dry goods business in Toronto. By 1907, at the death of its founder, it was a giant retail store, with a branch in Winnipeg, alongside a country-wide mail-order business. Innovative practices established during his time included sales for cash only and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Eaton's successors extended the Eaton empire across Canada, continuing the tradition of quality goods, prices, customer service and also fair labour practices. It became a Canadian institution. Eaton's filed for protection from its creditors in February 1997 and once again in August 1999 (see Appendix 1 for a chronology of events) under the federal Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act and the Ontario Business Corporations Act (Closings). The restructuring that followed the first bankruptcy was only partially successful. However, it had a significantly positive impact on Eaton's operations, and seemed to turn things around. Were it not for bad economic news and misfortune in mid-to-late 1998 (CNW 3 and CNW 5), the plan might have worked. Store-closings, employee terminations, and a huge liquidation sale followed the second bankruptcy declared in August 1999, as did the suspension of the trading of Eaton's stock (Chron). Sears Canada Inc. agreed to purchase 16 of the Eaton's stores in September 1999 (Sears 1; Material 1). These will open by the fall of 2000 (Material 2; Sears 1). A compromise was made with Eaton's creditors (including the employees) to give them approximately $0.50 on the dollar (Olijnyk 1). A compromise was also arrived at with Eaton's shareholders whereby the latter would be given participation units in exchange for their common shares (on a one-for-one trade) (Amended; Trachuk). These participation units are to be used in a contingent and conditional settlement based upon the possible utilization of tax credits by Sears acquired as a result of Eaton's $390 million in losses since 1996 (Receivership; Amended; Trachuk). These settlement monies might or might not be realized by the former shareholders (Amended; Trachuk). Today, Eaton's is no more. In its place are many great memories by a former generation of Canadians who used to go to the Eaton's stores to buy big things that were always of high quality. "Agnes Lunn, who was visiting [Edmonton, Calgary,] from Dartmouth, N.S., said she will miss the chain because of its trustworthiness. "If you bought something from Eaton's, you knew it was worth having, you knew it would be quality," she said (Auction)." Perhaps having six of the Eaton's stores open up this fall with the Eaton's name on them will rekindle a loyalty in a new generation of Canadians?
3
King, Malcolm. "Welcome to Toronto. Welcome to the CIHR." Canadian Respiratory Journal 7, no. 2 (2000): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/743736.
Full textAbstract:
May 6 to 10, 2000 is a great time for the Canadian respiratory community. It is the 100th anniversary of our Lung Association, and it is our chance to host the respiratory world at the American Lung Association, American Thoracic Society International Conference and the Canadian Thoracic Society Annual Meeting. The name Toronto comes from a Mohawk word meaning 'meeting place'. The rivers that run into Lake Ontario were traditional gathering places for the aboriginal peoples that lived in this area before the coming of the European settlers. My ancestors include both Mohawks and the Mississaugas of the Credit, the native tribe that occupied the Toronto area as its traditional territory until the late 18th century.
4
Karrow, Paul F. "Interglacial Beds at Toronto, Ontario." Articles 44, no. 3 (December 18, 2007): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032830ar.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Interglacial sediments have been known to occur at Toronto for about a century. There have been two main periods of attention: first by A. P. Coleman in the early twentieth century; and second mostly by the author and co-workers in the past quarter century. Attention was focussed early on the Don Formation because of its rich fossil assemblages. The Don Formation, consisting of gravel, sand, and clay, is commonly 6 to 9 m thick and has been encountered in outcrop only along the DonValley. However, excavations and borings indicate its presence under much of southern Metropolitan Toronto; it may continue northward along the Laurentian River Valley. Its only continuing, accessible exposure has been the Don Valley Brickyard. Early paleontological study emphasized molluscs, wood, leaves, and a few bones, which suggested a climate warmer than present. More recent studies have stressed microfossils. including pollen, diatoms, ostracodes. molluscs, Cladocera, insects, plant macrofossils, and microvertebrates. Altogether about 500 species have been identified, and the list is growing. Climatic indicators show that the Don Formation represents the declining temperatures of the waning half of an interglaciation. Although the Don Formation is beyond the range of radiocarbon dates and is undated, amino acid analysis on wood and shells support assignment to Sangamonian time. The overlying Scarborough Formation clay and sand, and the Pottery Road Formation sand contain mainly cold-climate fossils. These are in turn overlain by Early, Middle, and Late Wisconsinan tills and interbedded lacustrine sediments with corresponding radiocarbon and thermoluminescence (TL) dates.
5
Bhatia, Amar. "‘In a Settled Country, Everyone Must Eat’: Four Questions About Transnational Private Regulation, Migration, and Migrant Work." German Law Journal 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2012): 1282–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200017867.
Full textAbstract:
First, I would like to acknowledge where this paper was presented and where the work of revising it into an article took place. I would like to acknowledge the territory, which is not just Toronto, Ontario, Canada, but also Tkaronto, a Mohawk or Kaniekehaka word (as are Ontario and Canada). This word is from one of the languages of the Six Nations that comprise the Haudenosaunee Confederacy (People of the Longhouse), perhaps better known in this symposium by the French colonial name of Iroquois. Toronto and its surrounding territory are traditionally of the Huron-Wendat people, the Seneca Nation of the Haudenosaunee, and with title most recently lying with the Mississaugas of New Credit (Anishinabe). I would like to acknowledge the territory and thank these hosts, as well as the conference organizers for their generous invitation to participate in these discussions on transnational private regulation (TPR).
6
Zhang, Lunjun, Jenny Baek, Evgeny Bogopolskiy, and Justin Palombo. "Environmental Analysis of Toronto Neighbourhoods." STEM Fellowship Journal 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17975/sfj-2016-007.
Full textAbstract:
The increase in the industrial pollution produced by Toronto, Ontario is negatively impacting the city’s environmental conditions. Although the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change has attempted to improve environment, efforts require continual re-focusing to remain effective. After research and discussion, four main factors that can affect the environment were identified: tree cover, pollutants released to air, pollutant carcinogenic Toxic Equivalency Potentials (TEP) score, and pollutant non-carcinogenic TEP score. A program which outputs a list of neighbourhoods in dire environmental condition was designed based on those four main factors and general analysis. This program uses an input of several datasets from the Open Data Toronto database. Possible solutions to pollution and areas of environmental improvement are ultimately suggested, with the objective being to raise environmental awareness.
7
Tuitt, Désirée, Frank Knight, and Tara Lipman. "A Bibliometric Analysis of Digestive Health Research in Canada." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 25, no. 11 (2011): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/512387.
Full textAbstract:
Measurement of the impact and influence of medical/scientific journals, and of individual researchers has become more widely practiced in recent decades. This is driven, in part, by the increased availability of data regarding citations of research articles, and by increased competition for research funding. Digestive disease research has been identified as a particularly strong discipline in Canada. The authors collected quantitative data on the impact and influence of Canadian digestive health research. The present study involved an analysis of the research impact (Hirsch factor) and research influence (Influence factor) of 106 digestive health researchers in Canada. Rankings of the top 25 researchers on the basis of the two metrics were dominated by the larger research groups at the University of Toronto (Toronto, Ontario), McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario), and the Universities of Calgary (Calgary, Alberta) and Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta), but with representation by other research groups at the Universities of Manitoba (Winnipeg, Manitoba), Western Ontario (London, Ontario) and McGill University (Montreal, Quebec). Female and male researchers had similar scores for the two metrics, as did basic scientists versus clinical investigators. Strategic recruitment, particularly of established investigators, can have a major impact on the ranking of research groups. Comparing these metrics over different time frames can provide insights into the vulnerabilities and strengths of research groups.
8
Kulisek, Larry, and Trevor Price. "Ontario Municipal Policy Affecting Local Autonomy: A Case Study Involving Windsor and Toronto." Articles 16, no. 3 (August 7, 2013): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017734ar.
Full textAbstract:
During the first great burst of urban growth in Canada from the beginning of the 20th century and on into the 1920s it was generally the municipalities, either singly or collectively, which fostered policy innovation and new services. Provinces generally did little at that time, either to foster new policies or rein in local autonomy. It was only after the economic setbacks of the depression and a renewed spirit of urban development after 1945 that provincial direction over municipalities became much more significant. This paper is a case study of two major policy crises which threatened the viability of the whole municipal system in Ontario. In the 1930s the Border Cities (Metropolitan Windsor) faced bankruptcy and economic collapse and placed in jeopardy the credit of the province. In the early 1950s the inability of Metropolitan Toronto to create area-wide solutions to severe servicing problems threatened to stall the main engine of provincial growth. The case study demonstrates how a reluctant provincial government intervened to create new metropolitan arrangements for the two areas and accompanied this with a greatly expanded structure of provincial oversight including a strengthened Ontario Municipal Board and a specific department to handle municipal affairs. The objective of the policy was to bolster local government rather than to narrow municipal autonomy.
9
Shahla, Farhad, Amer S. Shalaby, Bhagwant N. Persaud, and Alireza Hadayeghi. "Analysis of Transit Safety at Signalized Intersections in Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2102, no. 1 (January 2009): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2102-14.
Full text
10
Zuker, Jesse. "Green Buildings Policy: An analysis of three market-oriented innovations." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426231.
Full textAbstract:
The author graduated from the University of Toronto with a self-designed major in Environment and Architectural Studies. For the past year he has been working on implementing the Province of Ontario's green building program and currently works for Ontario Infrastructure.
11
Grayson, J. Paul. "The Performance of "Gifted" High School Students in University." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 31, no. 1 (April 30, 2001): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v31i1.183380.
Full textAbstract:
In Ontario, school boards are required to provide opportunities so that "gifted" students (i.e., those with exceptional abilities) can obtain learning experiences that are beyond those offered in regular classes. This study follows graduates of regular and gifted programs over four years of studies at York University in Toronto. Overall, it is found that having participated in a gifted program in high school does not result in increased levels of achievement in university; however, graduates of gifted high school programs have slightly higher self-assessed thinking and reasoning and problem-solving skills and are marginally faster in credit completion than other students. These findings aside, it is difficult to argue that participation in a high school gifted program confers an advantage students once they get to university.
12
Veitch, Michelle. "Urban Art Hotels and Gentrification: A Comparative Analysis of Toronto and London, Ontario." International Journal of Canadian Studies 56 (September 2017): 17–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.56.2017-0006.
Full text
13
Trow, W. A., and K. Y. Lo. "Horizontal displacements induced by rock excavation: Scotia Plaza, Toronto, Ontario." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-012.
Full textAbstract:
The design and construction of a 69-storey building, the Scotia Plaza in downtown Toronto, Ontario, necessitated an assessment of the horizontal displacements induced onto adjacent existing structures as a result of rock excavation. Field and laboratory tests were performed to measure the elastic and time-dependent deformation parameters as well as the in situ horizontal stresses in rock. With the deformation parameters and initial state of stresses determined, analyses were performed to predict the magnitude and distribution of elastic and time-dependent deformation. During excavation, horizontal displacements were monitored by (a) a field slot test to verify the rock mass modulus, (b) inclinometers and extensometers, and (c) internal taping of floors of adjacent structures. The results of these field measurements are compared with those predicted in the design analysis, and are found to be within the predicted limits and design requirements. The use of rock anchors to partially suppress time-dependent displacements is also briefly discussed. Key words: rock excavation, horizontal displacement, time-dependent deformation, in situ stresses, rock anchors.
14
Wilton, Matthew. "The Case of Dr George Gale V. the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario: A Legal Analysis." Pain Research and Management 9, no. 1 (2004): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/561492.
Full textAbstract:
On March 15, 2002, anaesthetist and pain practitioner, Dr George Gale, had his license to practice medicine in Ontario revoked by a decision of the Discipline Committee of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CPSO) (1,2). To that point, Dr Gale had practiced medicine as an anaesthetist in Ontario without incident. The CPSO Discipline Committee hearing had taken place over 22 days in 2001 and 2002. The focus of the CPSO prosecution against Dr Gale was his pain practice conducted at a well-known pain clinic in Toronto, Ontario. By an Ontario Divisional Court decision dated October 10, 2003, the CPSO Discipline Committee decision was set aside on appeal (3). Most importantly, the Ontario Divisional Court held that the penalty of revocation levied against Dr Gale was unfair and based on several serious errors made by the Discipline Committee. A closer examination of the decisions of both the Discipline Committee and the Ontario Divisional Court will hopefully illustrate both the medical standards of practice issues for pain practitioners, and some of the perils created by the self governing activities of the CPSO. To put the Gale decision in proper context, it will be necessary for us to briefly examine the function of the CPSO and its Discipline Committee.
15
Guiaşu, Radu C. "Range expansion of the vulnerable crayfish Creaserinus fodiens (Cottle, 1863) (Decapoda, Cambaridae) in Ontario, Canada, with added notes on the distribution, ecology and conservation status of this species in North America." Crustaceana 94, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10104.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The distribution of the semi-terrestrial burrowing crayfish Creaserinus fodiens (Cottle, 1863) in Ontario was updated based on the examination of the records stored in the crayfish database of the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto and specimens collected during field studies. New Ontario locality records are reported for this crayfish species from MacGregor Point Provincial Park and other nearby sites in Bruce County, along the shores of Lake Huron. These are among the northernmost locality records reported for this species in North America. These new records represent a northwestern range expansion for this crayfish species in southern Ontario. As a result of these new records, the revised distribution of this species in Ontario is estimated to cover an area of about 32 620 km2. This is an increase of 7620 km2 over a previous 1996 estimate of this range. Creaserinus fodiens is a vulnerable species in Ontario, mainly due to the loss of suitable wetland habitats. Thus, the new locations and the range expansion reported here provide some hopeful news about the long-term future of burrowing crayfishes in this Canadian province. At some of the new locations, C. fodiens was found together with Faxonius immunis (Hagen, 1870), another burrowing crayfish species. However, this analysis of all the relevant records found in the collections of the Royal Ontario Museum (Toronto) and the Canadian Museum of Nature (Ottawa) shows that our knowledge of the distribution of C. fodiens in Ontario remains quite incomplete. A survey of the conservation status and challenges for this crayfish species in various regions of North America was also undertaken.
16
Anderson, Conor I., and William A. Gough. "Evolution of Winter Temperature in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: A Case Study of Winters 2013/14 and 2014/15." Journal of Climate 30, no. 14 (July 2017): 5361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0562.1.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, 2014 and 2015 were the two warmest years on record. At odds with these global records, eastern Canada experienced pronounced annual cold anomalies in both 2014 and 2015, especially during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 winters. This study sought to contextualize these cold winters within a larger climate context in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Toronto winter temperatures (maximum Tmax, minimum Tmin, and mean Tmean) for the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons were ranked among all winters for three periods: 1840/41–2015 (175 winters), 1955/56–2015 (60 winters), and 1985/86–2015 (30 winters), and the average warming trend for each temperature metric during these three periods was analyzed using the Mann–Kendall test and Thiel–Sen slope estimation. The winters of 2013/14 and 2014/15 were the 34th and 36th coldest winters in Toronto since record-keeping began in 1840; however these events are much rarer, relatively, over shorter periods of history. Overall, Toronto winter temperatures have warmed considerably since winter 1840/41. The Mann–Kendall analysis showed statistically significant monotonic trends in winter Tmax, Tmin, and Tmean over the last 175 and 60 years. These trends notwithstanding, there has been no clear signal in Toronto winter temperature since 1985/86. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the diurnal temperature range in that period, indicating an expansion of winter extremes. It is proposed that the possible saturation of urban heat island–related warming in Toronto may partially explain this increase in variation. Also, anomalies in the position of the polar jet stream over Toronto during these cold events are identified. No direct influence of major teleconnections on Toronto winter temperature is found.
17
Halfon, Efraim. "Impact on the Fate of Toxic Contaminants in the Toronto Waterfront — Should the Toronto Main Sewage Treatment Plant Outfall Be Moved Farther Offshore?" Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A fate model, TOXFATE, is coupled with a hydrodynamic model of the waters off the Toronto waterfront, Lake Ontario. The Toronto waterfront is here defined as a rectangular area, 48 km long by 10 km wide, of the lake delimited on the west by Etobicoke Creek and in the east by the Rouge River. Data were collected in 1987 in support of the Toronto Main Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) pilot site study, Municipal and Industrial Study for Abatement (MISA). It provides an excellent baseline database. The object of the fate-modeling study is to assess the change in organics concentration if loadings from the Main STP and other local sources were changed or the outfall location moved farther offshore. Loadings of contaminants from local sources in the Toronto waterfront area are between 0.5% to 25% of contaminants that enter Lake Ontario from other sources. Results show that if sources of local loadings were reduced, changes in water concentrations would be noticeable within 1 to 2 kilometres from shore. Only a small area of the waterfront is affected directly by local sources since waters in the Toronto waterfront area are replaced approximately every 9 days (as computed from the hydrodynamic simulation). Therefore, toxic contaminants that enter from local sources are readily dispersed in the rest of the lake. Simulations also show that the extension of the Toronto Main STP outfall to a new location farther offshore will result in a dilution of toxic contaminants 10 times greater than that obtained at the present STP outfall. A complete set of figures, including an interactive analysis of the computer simulations, is available on the Web site www.butx.com/toronto.
18
Nistor, Adela, and Diana Reianu. "Determinants of housing prices: evidence from Ontario cities, 2001-2011." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 541–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-08-2017-0078.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to present a panel data econometric model of the main determinants of house prices in the ten largest census metropolitan areas (CMA) in Ontario, Canada, for the years 2001, 2006 and 2011. The impact of immigration on the housing market in Canada is little researched; however, immigration plays an important role into the economy of Canada. According to Statistics Canada, not only is immigration key to Canada’s population growth but also without immigration, in the next 20 years, Canada’s population growth will be zero. The motivation for this study is the bursting of housing bubbles in some developed countries (e.g. USA). The authors analyze variables that are related to the immigration policy in Canada, accounting also for the impact of the interest rate, income, unemployment, household size and housing supply to analyze housing price determinants. The study investigates the magnitude of the impact of the top three leading categories of immigrants to Canada, namely, Chinese, Indian and Filipino, on the housing prices in Ontario’s largest cities. The results show the main factors that explain home prices over time that are interest rate, immigration, unemployment rate, household size and income. Over the 10-year period from 2001 to 2011, immigration grew by 400 per cent in Toronto CMA, the largest receiving area in Ontario, while the nonimmigrant population grew by 14 per cent. For Toronto CMA, immigrants, income, unemployment rate and interest rate explain the CA$158,875 average home price increase over the 2001-2011 time period. Out of this, the three categories of immigrants’ share of total home price increase is 54.57 per cent, with the corresponding interest rate share 58.60 per cent and income share 11.32 per cent of the total price growth. Unemployment rate contributes negatively to the housing price and its share of the total price increase is 24.49 per cent. Design/methodology/approach The framework for the empirical analysis applies the hedonic pricing model theory to housing sales prices for the ten largest CMAs in Ontario over the years 2001-2011. Following Akbari and Aydede (2012) and O’Meara (2015), market clearing in the housing market results in the housing price as a function of several housing attributes. The authors selected the housing attributes based on data availability for the Canadian Census years of 2001, 2006 and 2011 and the variables that have been most used in the literature. The model has the average housing prices as the dependent variable, and the independent variables are: immigrants per dwelling (Chinese, Indian, and Filipino), unemployment rate, average employment income, household size, housing supply and the interest rate. To capture the relative scarcity of dwellings, the independent variable immigrants per dwelling was used. Findings This study seems to suggest that one cause of high prices in Ontario is large inflows of immigrants together with low mortgage interest rate. The authors focused their attention on Toronto CMA, as it is the main destination of immigrants and comprises the largest cities, including Toronto, Mississauga, Brampton and Oakville. Looking over the 10-year period from 2001 to 2011, the authors can see the factors that impact the home prices in Toronto CMA: immigration, unemployment rate, household size, interest rate and income. Over the period of 10 years from 2001 to 2011, immigrants’ group from China, India and the Philippines account for CA$86,701 increase in the home price (54.57 per cent share of the total increase). Income accounts for CA$17,986 increase in the home price (11.32 per cent share); interest rate accounts for CA$93,103 of the average home price increase in Toronto CMA (58.60 per cent share); and unemployment rate accounts for CA$38,916 decrease in the Toronto average home prices (24.49 per cent share). Household size remain stable over time in Toronto (2.8 average household size) and does not have a contribution to home price change. All these four factors, interest rate, immigrants, unemployment rate and income, together explain CA$158,875 increase in home prices in Toronto CMA between 2001 and 2011. Practical implications The housing market price analysis may be more complex, and there may be factors impacting the housing prices extending beyond immigration, interest rate, income and household size. Finally, the results of this paper can be extended to include the most recent census data for the year 2016 to reflect more accurately the price situation in the housing market for Ontario cities. Social implications The fact that currently, in 2017, the young working population cannot afford buying a property in the Toronto CMA area means there is a problem with this market and a corresponding decrease in the quality of life. According to The Globe and Mail (July 2017), a new pool in 2017 suggested that two in five Canadians believe housing in this country is not affordable for them. Further, 38 per cent of respondents who consider themselves middle or upper class believe in no affordability of housing. The Trudeau Government promised Canadians a national housing strategy for affordable housing. Designing a national housing strategy may be challenging because it has to account for the differential income ranges across regions. Municipal leaders are asking the government to prioritize repair and construct new affordable housing. Another reason discussed in the media of the unaffordability of housing in Toronto and Vancouver is foreign buyers. The Canadian Government recently implemented a tax measure on what it may seem the housing bubble problem: foreign buyers. Following Vancouver, in April 2017, Ontario Government imposed a 15 per cent tax on foreign buyers who are not Canadian citizens or permanent residents. This tax is levied on houses purchased in the area stretching from Niagara Region and Greater Toronto to Peterborough. Originality/value Few studies use Canadian data to explain house prices and analyze the effect of immigration on housing prices. There is not much research on the effect of the immigrants and immigrants’ ethnicity (e.g., Chinese, Indian and Filipino immigrants), on the housing prices in Canada cities. This study investigates the impact of the most prevalent immigrant races (e.g., from China, India and the Philippines) on housing prices, using data for Canadian major cities in Ontario within a panel data econometric framework. This paper fills this gap and contributes to the literature, which analyzes the determinants of housing prices based on a panel of cities in the Canadian province of Ontario.
19
Winton, Sue. "Coordinating Policy Layers of School Fundraising in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: An Institutional Ethnography." Educational Policy 33, no. 1 (October 23, 2018): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904818807331.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, I report findings from an investigation into the politics and coordination of school fundraising in the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Theoretically grounded in institutional ethnography and critical policy analysis, the study began from the standpoint of parents asked to give money to their children’s school(s). I show how provincial and TDSB funding, parent involvement, fundraising, and school council policies organize parents’ experience of school fundraising. I also explore how participating in fundraising enables parents to meet neoliberal expectations of a “good parent” and how through their efforts to secure advantages for their children, fundraising parents are accomplices in the privatization of public education. I conclude by discussing possibilities for intervention into the social organization of school fundraising in TDSB schools.
20
Jacobs, P., LG Shane, K. Fassbender, EL Wang, R. Moineddin, and EL Ford-Jones. "Economic Analysis of Rotavirus-Associated Diarrhea in the Metropolitan Toronto and Peel Regions of Ontario." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 13, no. 3 (2002): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/926349.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: To measure the economic cost of rotavirus- associated diarrhea for a selected group of families, in a nonexperimental setting, and to estimate the factors that influence these costs.DESIGN: Use and other socioeconomic data from a family survey (the Pediatric Rotavirus Epidemiology Study for Immunization) of children who tested positive for rotavirus were collected for the metropolitan Toronto and Peel regions of Ontario during the rotavirus season of 1997-1998. Service costs were estimated from provider data. A statistical regression analysis was used to explain the variances of provincial health care costs, prescription drug costs and indirect (work-loss) costs.SETTING: Data were collected in hospitals, emergency rooms, paediatric practices, primary care clinics and licensed daycare centres. Hospital coverage was wide, but community coverage was not.PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Children with diarrhea were tested for rotavirus. Those who tested positive and whose parents consented for their children to participate were included in the study.INTERVENTIONS: NoneMAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcomes were provincial health care costs, drug costs, nonmedical costs and thenumber of days of work missed by parents per child, as well as factors that determine these costs.RESULTS: Children in the most severe category incurred costs of $2,663/person, and those in the least severe categories incurred costs of approximately $350/person. The most important determinant to explain provincial health care costs was the number of health problems that the child had before having rotavirus. Costs due to work loss of parents were considerable for children in all severity groups and were influenced by family working conditions.CONCLUSIONS: When considering the economic implications of rotavirus, prior health status should be considered and indirect costs should be recognized for their importance.
21
Christara, Christina, Peter Forsyth, Tamas Terlaky, and Justin W. L. Wan. "Seventh IMACS International Symposium on Iterative Methods in Scientific Computing May 5–8, 2005 The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Applied Numerical Mathematics 58, no. 4 (April 2008): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnum.2007.01.021.
Full text
22
Gazso, Amber. "Dueling discourses, power, and the construction of the recovering addict: When social assistance confronts addiction in Toronto, Canada." Critical Social Policy 40, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018319839158.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, I undertake a critical discourse analysis of policy documents and in-depth interviews with seven caseworkers and 28 benefit recipients to explore how two discourses, ‘work first’ and ‘distance from the labour market,’ inform how persons living with addiction access and then experience social assistance in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Drawing in Foucauldian insights on power, I reveal the conceptualisation of benefit recipients’ eligibility for Ontario Works through these two discourses and how this is replete with ideological assumptions and disciplining power relations, constitutive of a subject position of ‘the recovering addict’, and suggestive of social control implications. I argue that the coercion and regulation of benefit recipients’ lives on Ontario Works has not disappeared but transmuted for Torontonians living with addiction, and conclude by considering the governance of this population as biopower.
23
Jankowski, Bridget L., and Sali A. Tagliamonte. "Supper or dinner?" English World-Wide 40, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 170–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.00027.jan.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The English words for daily meals constitute a complex lexical variable conditioned by social and linguistic factors. Comparative sociolinguistic analysis of 884 speakers from more than a dozen locations in Ontario, Canada reveals a synchronic system with social correlates that are reflexes of the British and American founder populations of the province. Toronto and Loyalist settlements in southern Ontario use the highest rates of dinner while northerners with European and Scots-Irish roots use supper. Dinner is taking over as the dominant form among younger speakers, exposing a cascade pattern (Trudgill 1972; Labov 2007) that is consistent with sociolinguistic typology (Trudgill 2011).
24
Medford, R., and I. E. Salit. "26. Retrospective analysis of HIV-infected men with anal cancer attending the Toronto General Hospital Immunodeficiency Clinic, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (1985–2013)." Sexual Health 10, no. 6 (2013): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv10n6ab26.
Full textAbstract:
Background The incidence of anal cancer (AC) in Canada is 1.5/100 000 but HIV-infected individuals have incidence rates from 49–144/100 000. It is important to examine risk factors for this difference. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to look at risk factors in patients with the diagnosis of ‘anal cancer’ attending the Toronto General Hospital Immunodeficiency Clinic (TGH-IC) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from 1985 to 2013. There were 5200 clinic attendees. Results: 36 (0.96%) males attending TGH-IC were diagnosed with AC between 1985 and 2013; 17 (47%) were diagnosed since 2008. 7 (19.4%) are deceased; 6 (16.7%) as a result of AC. Mean age at diagnosis was 56 ± 9.8 years compared with mean age at TGH-IC of 48 ± 15.9 years (P = 0.015). 33 (91.7%) were on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) at time of diagnosis. Compared with current ART use, 30 (90.9%) vs 727 (72.6%; P = 0.015) were on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs); 22 (66.7%) vs 554 (55.3%; P = 0.015) were on protease inhibitors; 8 (24.2%) vs 471 (47.0%; P = 0.015) were on NNRTIs. Median CD4 count at diagnosis was 265 cells mm–3, compared with the TGH-IC of 425 cells mm–3 (P = 0.04). A tobacco history (former or current) was found in 24 (72.7%) with AC vs 2232 (41%) without AC (P = 0.015). 35 (97.2%) underwent treatment: combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy being the most common in 23 (63.9%). Conclusions: In 28 years, there have been a total of 36 males diagnosed with anal cancer at TGH-IC. They were older, had a lower CD4 count and were more likely to be smokers. Combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for AC.
25
Perera, Nandana, Bahram Gharabaghi, Peter Noehammer, and Bruce Kilgour. "Road Salt Application in Highland Creek Watershed, Toronto, Ontario - Chloride Mass Balance." Water Quality Research Journal 45, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2010.044.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Occurrence of increasing chloride concentrations in urban streams of cold climates, mainly due to road salt application, has raised concerns on its adverse effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, there is a need for a better understanding of processes associated with road salt application and subsequent discharge into the environment in order to develop management practices to minimize detrimental effects of chlorides. The chloride mass analysis for the Highland Creek watershed based on four years of hourly monitoring data indicates that approximately 60% of the chlorides applied on the watershed enter streams prior to subsequent salting period, 85% of which occurs during the period between November and March. Contribution of private de-icing operations on chloride mass input within Highland Creek watershed was estimated to be approximately 38%, indicating its significance in overall chloride mass balance. Salt application rates, as well as chloride output in the streams, vary spatially based on land use, influencing chloride concentrations in surface waters. The estimated groundwater chloride concentration of 275 mg/L indicates that some aquatic organisms in Highland Creek would potentially be at risk even outside the winter period under dry weather flow conditions.
26
Yang, Feng'e, Shashi Kant, and Emmanuel Asinas. "An economic perspective on the determination of dumping in the US–Canada softwood lumber trade — an analysis for Ontario." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 5 (May 2009): 1011–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-026.
Full textAbstract:
Dumping has been one of the most controversial issues in the never-ending softwood lumber trade dispute between the United States (US) and Canada. In this paper, we investigate whether the softwood lumber producers in Ontario dumped product into their major market in the US during the period from April 1996 to September 2006. The Enhanced Parity Bounds Model was used to explore the possibility that Ontario’s softwood lumber producers had exercised price discrimination between the Toronto market and the Great Lakes market. Our analysis indicates that the industry had on average charged a higher price in the Great Lakes market than in the Toronto market during this period. Based on this evidence and the economic conditions in which a US antidumping investigation and two administrative reviews were conducted, we draw the conclusion that the Ontario’s softwood lumber producers did not dump product into the US market during the study period.
27
Cambon, G., J. C. Ritchie, and P. Guinet. "Pollen marqueur de transports à longue distance dans l'atmosphère du sud de l'Ontario (Canada)." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 2284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-284.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis of weekly air samples at four sites in southern Ontario (London, Toronto, Peterborough, Sudbury) provides conclusive evidence for the long-distance transport of pollen of the exotic taxa Entada (Mimosaceae), Dodonaea (Sapindaceae), and Ephedra (Ephedraceae), originating far to the south (at least 1000 km) of the recording stations. The nearest source area for the first two taxa is in the West Indies and Mexico, while Ephedra, previously noted in Late Quaternary sediments from the Great Lakes region, grows commonly in the southwestern region of the United States. Long-distance transport is corroborated by air-mass trajectory analysis and surface-wind patterns at time of exotic occurrences. Key words: aeropalynology, Ontario, airstreams, pollen transport.
28
Gerber, R. E., and K. WF Howard. "Evidence for recent groundwater flow through Late Wisconsinan till near Toronto, Ontario." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 33, no. 4 (August 20, 1996): 538–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t96-080-302.
Full textAbstract:
The Northern till is a thick (~50 m) Late Winsconsinan diamict unit that occurs throughout south-central Ontario. The till has generally been regarded as massive and uniform, with a very low vertical hydraulic conductivity. It is similar to many other till units of mid-continental North American glaciated terrain in that it is believed to inhibit recharge to underlying aquifers and afford a high degree of protection to these aquifers from surface and near-surface sources of contamination. Standard methods of estimating hydraulic conductivity (K) for the Northern till, such as laboratory testing of core samples (other studies) and risingfalling head field piezometer tests (this study and other studies), characteristically yield values on the order of 1011 to 109 m/s. Typically, these values indicate advective traveltimes through the till on the order of hundreds to thousands of years. In contrast, isotopic evidence (2H, 18O, and 3H) from till pore waters indicates the presence of modern (post-1952) waters at depths of up to 50 m, suggesting either that certain facies of the till are considerably more permeable or that minor sand lenses or hydrogeologically active secondary permeability structures are locally important. In some areas, vertical flow velocities may approach 1 m/year. By comparing pore-water isotopic data from cores acquired using mud (sodium bentonite) and dry rotary methods, this study further demonstrates that representative pore-water samples can be obtained using a drilling fluid providing care is taken in preparing core samples for analysis. Key words: till, aquitard, permeability, recharge, contaminant transport, isotopes.
29
Borisko, Jeff P., Bruce W. Kilgour, Les W. Stanfield, and F. Chris Jones. "An Evaluation of Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Stream Benthic Invertebrates in Southern Ontario, Canada." Water Quality Research Journal 42, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2007.022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this study, we sampled stream benthos using rapid bioassessment methods (i.e., D-nets, coarse taxonomy) from sites in and around Toronto, Ontario that represented a range of stream characteristics (e.g., drainage areas). The protocols were developed by or adapted from: (1) Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, (2) Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, (3) Ontario Benthos Biomonitoring Network/Ministry of the Environment, and (4) Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network/Environment Canada. Summary indices (Hilsenhoff's modified Biotic Index [HBI]; percent of fauna as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera [% EPT]; number of taxa [S]; and Shannon's Diversity Index [H']) calculated from the resulting data were used to evaluate differences between protocols in a series of analyses including analysis of variance and variance components analysis. The study found that sampling method was an unimportant source of variation in summary index values relative to other factors such as the stream or year sampled. The largest percent variance amongst stream or year factors (main and interactions) was at least three times greater than the corresponding method related percent variances. The results of this study suggest that these four bioassessment methods are interchangeable within the context of large geographic scales or for the detection of major impacts. In cases where impacts to the benthic community are subtle, protocols should include one or more of discrete habitat sampling, replication, and lower taxonomic resolution. The data and findings here may help agencies integrate different sampling protocols into their biomonitoring and assessment programs.
30
Carlson, Jules, William A. Gough, Jim D. Karagatzides, and Leonard J. S. Tsuji. "Canopy Interception of Acid Deposition in Southern Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i4.799.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of tree canopies on acid deposition was examined. Differences in the chemical composition of unintercepted precipitation (dustfall) and canopy was intercepted precipitation (throughfall) at 18 southern Ontario forests, collected during the summers of 1995-1996, were chemically analyzed. The methodology of collection and analysis validated using consistency checks for interception loss, maintenance of electrical neutrality and ion correlation. T-test analyses found throughfall fluxes of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and NO3- were significantly higher than dustfall flux (p < 0.05), consistent with other studies. Barrie and nearby sites at Orillia and Bracebridge had larger dustfall depositions of base cations and Cl- suggesting a nearby source of these ions. T-tests revealed large exceedances of pH and sulphate concentration in dustfall over throughfall at the two Scarborough sites; a local point source of sulphates in the Greater Toronto Area was suspected.
31
Buzzelli, Michael D., and Derek J. Allison. "Proposed Strategic Mandates for Ontario Universities: An Organizational Theory Perspective." Articles 47, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 170–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1043244ar.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the Ontario-led strategic mandate agreement (SMA) planning exercise. Focusing on the self-generated strategic mandates of five universities (McMaster, Ottawa, Queen’s, Toronto, and Western), we asked how universities responded to this exercise of strategic visioning? The answer to this question is important because the SMA process is unique in Ontario, and universities’ responses revealed aspects of their self-understanding. We adopted an organizational theory approach to understand the structure and nature of universities as organizations and explored how they might confront pressures for change. Analysis of the universities’ own proposed strategic mandates found elements of both conformity and striking differentiation, even within this sample of five research-intensive university SMAs. Directions for further work on this planning exercise and on higher education reform more generally are discussed.
32
Turner, Kaitlin, John J. M. Dwyer, A. Michelle Edwards, and Kenneth R. Allison. "Clustering of Specific Health-related Behaviours: Among Toronto Adolescents." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 72, no. 3 (September 2011): e155-e160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/72.3.2011.e155.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The clustering of specific health-related behaviours was examined among adolescents. Methods: In 2005, cluster analysis was conducted to identify homogeneous groups of Toronto, Ontario, 14- to 17-year-old adolescents (n=445) with similar behaviour patterns according to self-reported measures of moderate to vigorous physical activity (metabolic equivalent [MET] hours a week of MVPA), sedentary behaviours (viewing television or videos, using a computer/the internet, doing homework, and talking with friends), fruit and vegetable consumption, and alcohol consumption. Results: Three clusters of adolescents were identified: “active, high screen-time users,” “active, low screen-time users,” and “less active, least frequent drinkers.” Conclusions: Identifying clusters of adolescents with similar health-related behaviour patterns suggests that researchers and practitioners should develop and implement interventions tailored to specific clusters.
33
Buzzelli, Michael D., and Derek J. Allison. "Proposed Strategic Mandates for Ontario Universities: An Organizational Theory Perspective." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 47, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 170–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v47i3.187944.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the Ontario-led strategic mandate agreement (SMA) planning exercise. Focusing on the self-generated strategic mandates of five universities (McMaster, Ottawa, Queen’s, Toronto, and Western), we asked how universities responded to this exercise of strategic visioning? The answer to this question is important because the SMA process is unique in Ontario, and universities’ responses revealed aspects of their self-understanding. We adopted an organizational theory approach to understand the structure and nature of universities as organizations and explored how they might confront pressures for change. Analysis of the universities’ own proposed strategic mandates found elements of both conformity and striking differentiation, even within this sample of five research-intensive university SMAs. Directions for further work on this planning exercise and on higher education reform more generally are discussed.
34
Kandel, Christopher, Nick Daneman, Walter Demczuk, Wayne Gold, Karen Green, Irene Martin, Agron Plevneshi, et al. "462. Prospective Surveillance of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: 1992–2017." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S226—S227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.535.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background. Background Invasive Group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections remain a substantial source of morbidity and mortality. We explore the clinical and molecular epidemiology of iGAS infections in Toronto, Ontario, Canada over a 26-year period. Methods The Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network has performed population-based surveillance for iGAS infections in metropolitan Toronto and Peel regions since 1992. Participating microbiology laboratories report and submit sterile site specimens for central processing. M typing was performed on iGAS isolates until September 2006; thereafter emm typing was performed. Clinical information was collected by chart review using standardized collection forms. Results Over the 26-year period there were 2819 iGAS infections, representing an average incidence of 2.85 per 100,000 residents with a nadir of 1.65 in 1993 and a peak of 4.52 in 2014. Nosocomial infections occurred in 8.9% (251/2,819). There was substantial variation in annual incidence rates over the study period with increases from 1992 until 2002 and then 2004 until 2014 (analysis for trend, P < 0.001). Skin and soft-tissue infections were the most common clinical presentation, accounting for 33.2% (936/2,819), followed by bacteremia without a focus in 15.4% (435/2,819). Necrotizing fasciitis was observed in 7.4% (208/2,819) and criteria for toxic shock syndrome were met in 17.6% (497/2,819). Overall case fatality within 30 days of hospitalization was 15.3% (95% confidence interval 14.0 to 16.6) and did not change over time. M serotype distribution varied yearly with the most common type being M1 at 22.2% (626/2,189) followed by M12 at 8.2% (230/2,189), then M89 at 5.8% (163/2,189). Antibiotic susceptibility was available from 1998 onwards with overall clindamycin susceptibility at 92.3% (1,957/2,121) and erythromycin susceptibility at 87.9% (1864/2,121). Conclusion The incidence of iGAS in Toronto, Ontario has varied over time, with no recent increase apparent. Similar to worldwide observations, M1 serotype was the most commonly isolated; most common serotypes demonstrated cyclical variation. Case fatality rates have remained relatively constant making the development of a vaccine imperative. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
35
Allen, Vanessa G., David J. Farrell, Anuradha Rebbapragada, Jingyuan Tan, Nathalie Tijet, Stephen J. Perusini, Lynn Towns, Stephen Lo, Donald E. Low, and Roberto G. Melano. "Molecular Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms inNeisseria gonorrhoeaeIsolates from Ontario, Canada." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 2 (November 22, 2010): 703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00788-10.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTSurveillance of gonococcal antimicrobial resistance and the molecular characterization of the mechanisms underlying these resistance phenotypes are essential in order to establish correct empirical therapies, as well as to describe the emergence of new mechanisms in local bacterial populations. To address these goals, 149 isolates were collected over a 1-month period (October-November 2008) at the Ontario Public Health Laboratory, Toronto, Canada, and susceptibility profiles (8 antibiotics) were examined. Mutations in previously identified targets or the presence of some enzymes related to resistance (r), nonsusceptibility (ns) (resistant plus intermediate categories), or reduced susceptibility (rs) to the antibiotics tested were also studied. A significant proportion of nonsusceptibility to penicillin (PEN) (89.2%), tetracycline (TET) (72.3%), ciprofloxacin (CIP) (29%), and macrolides (erythromycin [ERY] and azithromycin; 22.3%) was found in these strains. Multidrug resistance was observed in 18.8% of the collection. Although all the strains were susceptible to spectinomycin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) (ceftriaxone and cefixime), 9.4% of them displayed reduced susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. PBP 2 mosaic structures were found in all of these ESCrsisolates. Alterations in themtrRpromoter, MtrR repressor (TETr, PENns, ESCrs, and ERYns), porin PIB (TETrand PENns), and ribosomal protein S10 (TETr) and double mutations ingyrAandparCquinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) (CIPr) were associated with and presumably responsible for the resistance phenotypes observed. This is the first description of ESCrsin Canada. The detection of this phenotype indicates a change in the epidemiology of this resistance and highlights the importance of continued surveillance to preserve the last antimicrobial options available.
36
Abrahams, C., S. Verma, R. Glazier, L. Jaakkimainen, and S. Shultz. "16. Postgraduate training and its effect on practice location, career choice and practice profile: Tracking 10 years of output from the University of Toronto." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i4.2776.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between location and specialty of training and practice characteristics such as type of practice (i.e. community versus academic), socio-demographic profile of patients and their complexity, hospital/health facility affiliations and workload/productivity.
The analysis required an extraction of registrant data from the University of Toronto Postgraduate Web Evaluation and Registration (POWER) system for a cohort of exiting residents and fellows from 1993 to 2003. The data extract was linked to several administrative databases held by ICES, including physician practice and billing information from the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) and anonymized patient demographic data from the Registered Persons Database (RPDB).
Results of this study will inform workforce policy issues such as the overall contribution made by Toronto graduates to Ontario, other Canadian provinces and international practice pool of physicians, trends regarding medical career choice, similarities and differences between career choices of International Medical Graduates versus Canadian Medical Graduates, impact of location/program of training, impact of length of training and profile/geography of patients served by graduates of Toronto. The study will aim to create a methodology/template for analysis that can be applied to other medical schools and catchment areas in human health resource planning.
Chan B, Willett J. Factors Influencing Participation in Obstetrics by Obstetrician-Gynecologists. 2004; 103(3):493-498.
Noble J, Baerlocher MO. Future Practice Profiles of Canadian Medical Trainees. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 2006; 29(4):288-289.
Watson DE, Katz A, Reid RJ, Bogdanovic B, Roos N. Family Physician Workloads and Access to Care in Winnipeg: 1991 to 2001. Canadian Family Physician 2004; 171(4):339-342.
37
Pille, Peter, and Joseph C. Paradi. "Financial performance analysis of Ontario (Canada) Credit Unions: An application of DEA in the regulatory environment." European Journal of Operational Research 139, no. 2 (June 2002): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(01)00359-9.
Full text
38
Djiadeu, Pascal, Martez D. R. Smith, Sameer Kushwaha, Apondi J. Odhiambo, David Absalom, Winston Husbands, Wangari Tharao, et al. "Social, Clinical, and Behavioral Determinants of HIV Infection and HIV Testing among Black Men in Toronto, Ontario: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 19 (January 1, 2020): 232595822093461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958220934613.
Full textAbstract:
Black men bear a disproportionate burden of HIV infection. These HIV inequities are influenced by intersecting social, clinical, and behavioral factors. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the combinations of factors that were most predictive of HIV infection and HIV testing among black men in Toronto. Classification and regression tree analysis was applied to secondary data collected from black men (N = 460) in Toronto, 82% of whom only had sex with women and 18% whom had sex with men at least once. For HIV infection, 10 subgroups were identified and characterized by number of lifetime male partners, age, syphilis history, and perceived stigma. Number of lifetime male partners was the best single predictor of HIV infection. For HIV testing, the analysis identified 8 subgroups characterized by age, condom use, number of sex partners and Chlamydia history. Age (>24 years old) was the best single predictor of HIV testing.
39
Mailis-Gagnon, Angela, Keith Nicholson, and Luis Chaparro. "Analysis of Complaints to a Tertiary Care Pain Clinic Over a Nine-Year Period." Pain Research and Management 15, no. 1 (2010): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/783078.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: The present study is the result of an internal audit and examines the profiles of complainants and the sources and nature of complaints toward the staff in a tertiary care pain clinic, the Comprehensive Pain Program of the Toronto Western Hospital in Toronto, Ontario.METHODS: All sources of complaints over a nine-year period were reviewed, which included the following: Toronto Western Hospital Patient Relations (PR) records, with a subset of the files qualitatively analyzed in depth regarding the nature of complaints and complainants; complaints that bypassed PR and were addressed directly to the program director against members of the staff; complaints to the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario; and complaints recorded anonymously at rateMDs.com.RESULTS: Although the prevalence of PR complaints was very low (1.73 complaints per 1000 visits), several other sources of complaints were identified. The typical complainant was a Canadian-born woman acting on her behalf or on behalf of a family member. More than one-half of the complaints were directed against the physicians regarding their opinion of psychological factors augmenting the patient’s presentation and/or inappropriate use of opioids. Defensive techniques instituted by the Comprehensive Pain Program staff in reaction to the complaints are discussed, and pertinent literature is reviewed.CONCLUSION: The present study is the first to examine the nature of complaints and complainants from a Canadian pain clinic. Further studies are needed to explore the complex issues of patient and staff interactions, and complaints in the era of ‘patient-centred care’.
40
Shankardass, K., M. Jerrett, S. D. Dell, R. Foty, and D. Stieb. "Spatial analysis of exposure to traffic-related air pollution at birth and childhood atopic asthma in Toronto, Ontario." Health & Place 34 (July 2015): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.06.001.
Full text
41
Ashrafi, Zahra, Hamed Shahrokhi Shahraki, Chris Bachmann, Kevin Gingerich, and Hanna Maoh. "Quantifying the Criticality of Highway Infrastructure for Freight Transportation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2610, no. 1 (January 2017): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2610-02.
Full textAbstract:
Events that disable parts of the highway transportation network, ranging from weather conditions to construction closures, may affect freight travel times and ultimately degrade economic productivity. Although previous studies of criticality typically focused on the impacts of natural disasters or terrorist attacks on systemwide travel times, these studies did not quantify the costs associated with disruptions to the economy because of disruptions to the freight transportation system. This paper quantifies the economic criticality of the highway infrastructure in Ontario, Canada, with the use of a new measure of criticality that determines the cost of highway closures (in dollars) on the basis of the value of goods, the time delayed, and the associated value of time. When criticality is measured in this way, it has some correlation with truck volumes, but the correlation differs when the values of shipments and the physical redundancy in the network are considered, and results in new insights into critical freight infrastructure. For example, the highway network within the greater Toronto, Ontario, Canada, area has a high degree of redundancy, but highways farther away from this metropolitan area have less redundancy and are thus more critical. Moreover, sections of Highway 401 located west of the greater Toronto area were found to be more critical—even though it carries lower truck volumes—than those located east of the greater Toronto area because of the lower redundancy in the western portion of the network. This measure has many potential applications in freight transportation planning, operations, and maintenance. Finally, with the cost of these disruptions quantified in dollars, one can then calculate the monetary benefits of potential transportation improvements for comparison (i.e., perform a cost–benefit analysis).
42
Stratton, J., D. L. Mowat, R. Wilkins, and M. Tjepkema. "Income disparities in life expectancy in the City of Toronto and Region of Peel, Ontario." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 32, no. 4 (September 2012): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.32.4.05.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction To understand the lack of a gradient in mortality by neighbourhood income in a previous study, we used individual-level data from the 1991–2001 Canadian census mortality follow-up study to examine income-related disparities in life expectancy and probability of survival to age 75 years in the City of Toronto and Region of Peel. Methods We calculated period life tables for each sex and income adequacy quintile, overall and separately for immigrants and non-immigrants. Results For all cohort members of both sexes, including both immigrants and non-immigrants, there was a clear gradient across the income quintiles, with higher life expectancy in each successively richer quintile. However, the disparities by income were much greater when the analysis was restricted to non-immigrants. The lesser gradient for immigrants appeared to reflect the higher proportion of recent immigrants in the lower income quintiles. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of using individual-level ascertainment of income whenever possible, and of including immigrant status and period of immigration in assessments of health outcomes, especially for areas with a high proportion of immigrants.
43
Edge, T. A., S. Hill, G. Stinson, P. Seto, and J. Marsalek. "Experience with the antibiotic resistance analysis and DNA fingerprinting in tracking faecal pollution at two lake beaches." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 11 (December 1, 2007): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.757.
Full textAbstract:
Posting or closing of swimming beaches because of faecal contamination is a widespread problem reported in many locations. In a risk-based approach to this problem, the risk to swimmers' health is assessed by field monitoring of indicator bacteria and the associated risks are managed by source controls and other remedial measures. In risk assessment, great advances have been made in recent years with the introduction of microbial source tracking (MST) techniques. Two such techniques, antibiotic resistance analysis and DNA fingerprinting, were applied in a study of causes of faecal contamination at two lake beaches in Toronto, Ontario. Both methods identified bird faeces as the dominant sources of E. coli. Coping with this type of pollution presents a major environmental challenge.
44
Jardine, Claire M., Nicol Janecko, Mike Allan, Patrick Boerlin, Gabhan Chalmers, Gosia Kozak, Scott A. McEwen, and Richard J. Reid-Smith. "Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Southern Ontario, Canada." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 11 (March 23, 2012): 3873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00705-12.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTWe conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in fecalEscherichia coliisolates from raccoons (Procyon lotor) living in Ontario, Canada. From June to October 2007, we trapped raccoons in three areas: one primarily urban site around Niagara, one primarily rural site north of Guelph, and one at the Toronto Zoo. In addition, we conducted a longitudinal study at the Toronto Zoo site to investigate the temporal dynamics of fecalE. coliand AMR in raccoons. Reduced susceptibility to ≥1 antimicrobial agent was detected inE. coliisolates from 19% of 16 raccoons at the urban site, 17% of 29 raccoons from the rural site, and 42% of 130 samples collected from 59 raccoons at the zoo site. Raccoons from the zoo site were significantly more likely to shedE. coliwith reduced susceptibility to ≥1 antimicrobial agent than animals from the rural site (odds ratio [OR], 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 12.09;P= 0.02). Resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins (and the associatedblaCMY-2gene) was detected in two animals from the zoo site and one animal from the rural site. Serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis show that raccoons on the zoo grounds harbor a diverse assemblage ofE. coli, with rapid bacterial turnover within individuals over time. Our study indicates that raccoons may shed resistant bacteria of public health significance and that raccoons have the potential to disseminate these bacteria throughout their environment.
45
Bielska, Iwona A., Derek R. Manis, Connie Schumacher, Emily Moore, Kaitlin Lewis, Gina Agarwal, Shawn Mondoux, et al. "Health Sector responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada – January to May 2020." Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie 18, no. 1 (2020): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20842627oz.20.010.12664.
Full textAbstract:
The first positive case of COVID-19 in Canada was reported on January 25, 2020, in the city of Toronto, Ontario. Over the following four months, the number of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in Ontario grew to 28,263 cases. A state of emergency was announced by the Premier of Ontario on March 17, 2020, and the provincial health care system prepared for a predicted surge of COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization. The Chief Medical Officer of Health and the Minister of Health guided the changes in the system in response to the evolving needs and science related to COVID-19. The pandemic required a rapid, concerted, and coordinated effort from all sectors of the system to optimize and maximize the capacity of the health system. The response to the pandemic in Ontario was complex with some sectors experiencing multiple outbreaks of COVID-19 (i.e. long-term care homes and hospitals). Notably, numerous sectors shifted to virtual delivery of care. By the end of May 2020, it was announced that hospitals would gradually resume postponed or cancelled services. This paper explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on multiple health system sectors (i.e., public health, primary care, long-term care, emergency medical services, and hospitals) in Ontario from January to May 2020. Given the scope of the sectors contributing to the health system in Ontario, this analysis of a regional response to COVID-19 provides insight on how to improve responses and better prepare for future health emergencies.
46
Stroud, Craig, Shuzhan Ren, Junhua Zhang, Michael Moran, Ayodeji Akingunola, Paul Makar, Rodrigo Munoz-Alpizar, et al. "Chemical Analysis of Surface-Level Ozone Exceedances during the 2015 Pan American Games." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060572.
Full textAbstract:
Surface-level ozone (O3) continues to be a significant health risk in the Greater Toronto Hamilton Area (GTHA) of Canada even though precursor emissions in the area have decreased significantly over the past two decades. In July 2015, Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) led an intensive field study coincident with Toronto hosting the 2015 Pan American Games. During the field study, the daily 1-h maximum O3 standard (80 ppbv) was exceeded twice at a measurement site in North Toronto, once on July 12 and again on July 28. In this study, ECCC’s 2.5-km configuration of the Global Environmental Multi-scale (GEM) meteorological model was combined with the Modelling Air-quality and CHemistry (MACH) on-line atmospheric chemistry model and the Town Energy Balance (TEB) urban surface parameterization to create a new urban air quality modelling system. In general, the model results showed that the nested 2.5-km grid-spaced urban air quality model performed better in statistical scores compared to the piloting 10-km grid-spaced GEM-MACH model without TEB. Model analyses were performed with GEM-MACH-TEB for the two exceedance periods. The local meteorology for both cases consisted of light winds with the highest O3 predictions situated along lake-breeze fronts. For the July 28 case, O3 production sensitivity analysis along the trajectory of the lake-breeze circulation showed that the region of most efficient O3 production occurred in the updraft region of the lake-breeze front, as the precursors to O3 formation underwent vertical mixing. In this updraft region, the ozone production switches from volatile organic compound (VOC)-sensitive to NOx-sensitive, and the local net O3 production rate reaches a maximum. This transition in the chemical regime is a previously unidentified factor for why O3 surface-level mixing ratios maximize along the lake-breeze front. For the July 12 case, differences between the model and observed Lake Ontario water temperature and the strength of lake-breeze opposing wind flow play a role in differences in the timing of the lake-breeze, which impacts the predicted location of the O3 maximum north of Toronto.
47
Rudoler, David, Claire de Oliveira, Binu Jacob, Melonie Hopkins, and Paul Kurdyak. "Cost Analysis of a High Support Housing Initiative for Persons with Severe Mental Illness and Long-Term Psychiatric Hospitalization." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 63, no. 7 (March 25, 2018): 492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743717752881.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The objective of this article was to conduct a cost analysis comparing the costs of a supportive housing intervention to inpatient care for clients with severe mental illness who were designated alternative-level care while inpatient at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto. The intervention, called the High Support Housing Initiative, was implemented in 2013 through a collaboration between 15 agencies in the Toronto area. Method: The perspective of this cost analysis was that of the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. We compared the cost of inpatient mental health care to high-support housing. Cost data were derived from a variety of sources, including health administrative data, expenditures reported by housing providers, and document analysis. Results: The High Support Housing Initiative was cost saving relative to inpatient care. The average cost savings per diem were between $140 and $160. This amounts to an annual cost savings of approximately $51,000 to $58,000. When tested through sensitivity analysis, the intervention remained cost saving in most scenarios; however, the result was highly sensitive to health system costs for clients of the High Support Housing Initiative program. Conclusions: This study suggests the High Support Housing Initiative is potentially cost saving relative to inpatient hospitalization at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health.
48
MacDonald, Susan K., J. Edna Beange, and Peter C. H. Blackford. "Planning for Strategic Change? A Participative Planning Approach for Community Hospitals." Healthcare Management Forum 5, no. 3 (October 1992): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)61213-6.
Full textAbstract:
Strategic planning is becoming to hospitals what business case analysis is to private corporations. In fact, this type of planning is becoming essential for the professional management of Ontario hospitals. The participative strategic planning process at Toronto East General Hospital (TEGH) is an example of how a professionally structured and implemented strategic planning process can be successfully developed and implemented in a community hospital. In this article, the environmental factors driving planning are reviewed and the critical success factors for the development and implementation of a strategic plan are examined in the context of TEGH's experience.
49
Konstantelos, Natalia, Ahmad Shakeri, Daniel McCormack, Anabel Campos-Meade, Tara Gomes, Michelle Murti, Valérie Pierre-Pierre, and Mina Tadrous. "Regional differences in access to direct-acting antiviral treatments for hepatitis C across Ontario: A cross-sectional study." Canada Communicable Disease Report 48, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v48i04a08.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are curative treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a condition affecting over 100,000 Ontarians. Although DAAs are covered under the public drug programs in Ontario, receiving prescriptions depends on access to healthcare. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between DAA treatment rates and distance to prescriber in Ontario, Canada. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and identified patients who filled a DAA prescription through the Ontario Drug Benefit (ODB) in 2019. We calculated crude (per 100,000 ODB recipients) and adjusted (by a regional HCV infection rate) DAA treatment rates by public health unit (PHU). We reported median distances to provider for all visit types, in-person visits, virtual visits, and proportions of visits that were virtual. Results: In 2019, the crude DAA treatment rate for Ontario is 83.0 patients per 100,000 ODB recipients. The HCV-adjusted DAA treatment rate ranges from 28.2 (Northwestern Ontario) to 188.5 (Eastern Ontario) per 100,000. In our primary analysis, patients in rural PHUs, including Northwestern and Porcupine, were among the highest median distances to prescriber for all visit types (1,195 km and 556 km, respectively). These PHUs also had the highest proportions of virtual visits (greater than 60%). Urban PHUs, such as Toronto and Ottawa, had smaller median distances for all visit types, with smaller proportions of virtual visits (10.8% and 12.4%, respectively). Conclusion: We observed heterogeneity in treatment rates, distance to DAA prescribers and use of virtual care in the management of HCV. Increasing use of telemedicine in regions with limited utilization of DAAs may improve access.
50
Paszat, Lawrence, Linda Rabeneck, Lori Kiefer, Verna Mai, Paul Ritvo, and Terry Sullivan. "Endoscopic Follow-Up of Positive Fecal Occult Blood Testing in the Ontario FOBT Project." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 21, no. 6 (2007): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/569689.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: The Ontario FOBT Project is a pilot study of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) for colorectal cancer screening conducted among age-eligible volunteers (50 to 75 years) in 12 of 37 public health regions in Ontario.METHODS: Volunteers responded to invitations from primary care practitioners (PCPs) in six regions, and from public health programs in the remaining regions. FOBT collection kits were distributed from routine laboratory specimen collection sites, to which completed kits were returned. Results were sent to PCPs in all 12 regions, with copies sent to the study office at Cancer Care Ontario (Toronto, Ontario). Follow-up of positive results was at the discretion of the PCPs. The study files contained the unique Ontario Health Insurance Numbers, the date of the analyses, the number of satisfactory slides and the results for each slide. The Ontario Health Insurance Numbers were encrypted for each participant, and along with the study file, were linked to medical billing claims, hospital records and aggregate demographic data.RESULTS: Among participants with positive results (men 3.5% and women 2.2%), the median time from date of FOBT analysis to date of colonoscopy was 121 days among men and 202 days among women. At the end of follow-up, after positive FOBT (six to 17 months), 73% of men and 56% of women had proceeded to colonoscopy.CONCLUSION: Although colonoscopy appeared to be acceptable to the majority of participants with positive FOBT, accessibility problems was the likely explanation for lengthy intervals between the date of positive FOBT and its performance. Differences between the experiences of men and women require further investigation.