Relevant bibliographies by topics / CRC

Academic literature on the topic 'CRC'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "CRC"

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Yang, Shiguang, Kui Zhao, Xiaodong Yang, and Chungen Xing. "Downregulation of Circ-PITHD1 Suppressed Colorectal Cancer via Glycolysis Inhibition through miR-590-5p/HK2 Axis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (October 14, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7696841.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a frequent malignancy around the globe. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in CRC development. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms and biological functions regarding circRNAs in CRC progression are largely unclear. The present investigation employed next-generation sequencing (NGS) to study the abnormal circRNA expression in CRC tissues. The regulatory mechanism and targets were then analyzed by bioinformatics, luciferase reporter analysis, CCK8, colony formation, and Transwell migration. In vivo metastasis and tumorigenesis assays were conducted to elucidate circ-PITHD1 roles regarding CRC. The data showed that circ-PITHD1 expression increased in a CRC cell line and tissues, which indicated that circ-PITHD1 functioned in CRC progression. circ-PITHD1 downregulation inhibited CRC invasion and proliferation in the experiments. Luciferase reporter results confirmed that both miR-590-5p and hexokinase 2 (HK2) were circ-PITHD1 downstream targets. HK2 overexpression or miR-590-5p suppression reversed CRC cell proliferation and invasion after silencing of circ-PITHD1 by regulation of glycolysis. Taken together, this investigation discovered that circ-PITHD1 downregulation suppressed CRC progression by inhibiting glycolysis via the miR-590-5p/HK2 axis.
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Li, Minghao, Jianbin Zhuang, Di Kang, Yuzhuo Chen, and Weiliang Song. "Identification of circRNA circ-CSPP1 as a potent driver of colorectal cancer by directly targeting the miR-431/LASP1 axis." Open Life Sciences 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0053.

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Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in cancer biology. The purpose of the current work is to investigate the precise parts of circRNA centrosome and spindle pole-associated protein 1 (circ-CSPP1) in the progression of CRC. Our data showed that circ-CSPP1 was significantly overexpressed in CRC tissues and cells. The knockdown of circ-CSPP1 attenuated cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted apoptosis in vitro and weakened tumor growth in vivo. circ-CSPP1 directly targeted miR-431, and circ-CSPP1 knockdown modulated CRC cell progression in vitro via upregulating miR-431. Moreover, LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) was a functional target of miR-431 in modulating CRC cell malignant progression. Furthermore, circ-CSPP1 in CRC cells functioned as a posttranscriptional regulator on LASP1 expression by targeting miR-431. Our present study identified the oncogenic role of circ-CSPP1 in CRC partially by the modulation of the miR-431/LASP1 axis, providing evidence for circ-CSPP1 as a promising biomarker for CRC management.
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Wang, Xiangjie, Shuang Liu, Bin Xu, Yabin Liu, Peng Kong, Changlin Li, and Binghui Li. "circ-SIRT1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Proliferation and EMT by Recruiting and Binding to eIF4A3." Analytical Cellular Pathology 2021 (October 8, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5739769.

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Circular RNA (circRNA), a recently identified type of endogenous noncoding RNA, has been implicated in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors; however, whether circ-SIRT1, derived from pre-mRNA of the parental SIRT1 gene, is involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown, as do the potential underlying mechanisms. The expression of circ-SIRT1 in CRC cells and tissue was detected by RT-qPCR. Colony formation and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were used to evaluate the effect of circ-SIRT1 knockdown on the proliferative ability of CRC cells. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to assess the effect of circ-SIRT1 knockdown on the migratory and invasive capacity of CRC cells. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays were employed to validate the binding of circ-SIRT1 to EIF4A3. Western blot was used to identify the changes in the expression of EIF4A3 and EMT-related proteins. The RT-qPCR results showed that circ-SIRT1 was highly expressed in CRC cells and tissue and was positively correlated with the depth of tumor invasion. Knocking down circ-SIRT1 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells and EMT. We further found that EIF4A3 could bind to circ-SIRT1, and that overexpressing circ-SIRT1 decreased the abundance of EIF4A3 at the mRNAs of the EMT marker proteins N-cadherin and vimentin. Combined, our findings suggested that circ-SIRT1 regulates the expression of EMT-related proteins by preventing EIF4A3 recruitment to the respective mRNAs. Our results further indicate that circ-SIRT1 functions as an oncogene in CRC by promoting the proliferation, invasion, and EMT of CRC cells through the circ-SIRT1/EIF4A3/N-cadherin/vimentin pathway.
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Uchino, M., H. Ikeuchi, T. Noiguchi, K. Okabayashi, K. Futami, S. Tanaka, H. Ohge, et al. "P234 Differentiation of histopathological features between sporadic and colitis-associated colorectal cancer in a nationwide large cohort." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 17, Supplement_1 (January 30, 2023): i387—i388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac190.0364.

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Abstract Background Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) can develop in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and histological features differ between CAC and sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, advanced CAC has a poorer prognosis than sporadic CRC. Therefore, we compared histopathological findings distinct from cancer stage between CAC and sporadic CRC to evaluate the features of CAC. Methods We reviewed the clinical and histopathological data collected from 43 institutions, including surgery and gastroenterology departments, in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum between 1983 and 2020. Patient characteristics were compared between ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD), and sporadic CRC. Comparisons were performed by using all collected data or propensity score-matched data. Results A total of 1,077 patients with UC-CAC, 297 with CD-CAC, and 136,927 with sporadic CRC were included in all collected data. Although the prevalence of well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (G1:well differentiated and G2:moderately differentiated) decreased according to tumor progression in all diseases (p<0.01, figure1), the prevalence of G3,G4, including signet ring cell carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, was significantly higher in CAC than in sporadic CRC. Based on propensity score-matched data for 982 patients with UC and 268 with CD, the prevalence of histopathological findings other than G1 and G2 was also significantly higher in CAC (figure2,3). At pT4, mucinous carcinoma occurred at a significantly higher rate in patients with CD (45/86 (52.3%)) than in those with sporadic CRC (13/88 (14.8%)) (p<0.01). Conclusion Malignant potential is higher in CAC than in sporadic CRC according to tumor progression, which may lead to the poor prognosis of CAC.
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Paszat, Lawrence, Rinku Sutradhar, Jill Tinmouth, Nancy Baxter, and Linda Rabeneck. "Interval Colorectal Cancers following Guaiac Fecal Occult Blood Testing in the Ontario ColonCancerCheck Program." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4768728.

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Background.This work examines the occurrence of interval colorectal cancers (CRCs) in the Ontario ColonCancerCheck (CCC) program. We define interval CRC as CRC diagnosed within 2 years following normal guaiac fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT).Methods.Persons aged 50–74 who completed a baseline CCC gFOBT kit in 2008 and 2009, without a prior history of CRC, or recent colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or gFOBT, were identified. Rates of CRC following positive and normal results at baseline and subsequent gFOBT screens were computed and overall survival was compared between those following positive and normal results.Results.Interval CRC was diagnosed within 24 months following the baseline screen among 0.16% of normals and following the subsequent screen among 0.18% of normals. Interval cancers comprised 38.70% of CRC following the baseline screen and 50.86% following the subsequent screen. Adjusting for age and sex, the hazard ratio (HR) for death following interval cancer compared to CRC following positive result was 1.65 (1.32, 2.05) following the first screen and 1.71 (1.00, 2.91) following the second screen.Conclusion.Interval CRCs following gFOBT screening comprise a significant proportion of CRC diagnosed within 2 years after gFOBT testing and are associated with a higher risk of death.
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Cui, Xiaomin, Jiying Feng, Jian Wu, Xiaobao Zhang, and Mengyao Ding. "Propofol postpones colorectal cancer development through circ_0026344/miR-645/Akt/mTOR signal pathway." Open Medicine 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 570–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2021-0254.

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Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is responsible for thousands of slow and painful annual deaths. Propofol, an anesthetic, is commonly used in CRC surgery. The role of circularRNA0026344 (circ_0026344) in propofol-treated CRC remains unclear, which was further explored in this study. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of circ_0026344 and microRNA645 (miR-645) in CRC cells and normal cells. Western blot was devoted to testing the protein expression of phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT), AKT, phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and mTOR in CRC cells. Moreover, cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were employed to assess the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis in CRC cells. Circinteractome online tool was applied to predict the combination between circ_0026344 and miR-645, which was further verified by dual-luciferase reporter system. circ_0026344 was lowly expressed and miR-645 was abundantly expressed in CRC cells. The relative protein expression of p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR was strikingly elevated by si-circ#1, which could be reversed by anti-miR-645 in propofol-treated CRC cells. circ_0026344 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and metastasis and promoted apoptosis in CRC cells. Propofol treatment induced the restraint in proliferation and metastasis and stimulation in apoptosis, which were allayed by si-circ#1; meanwhile, this alleviation could further be abolished by anti-miR-645 in CRC cells. Furthermore, circ_0026344 sponged miR-645 to inhibited Akt/mTOR signal pathway in propofol-treated CRC cells. Propofol postponed CRC process by circ_0026344/miR-645/Akt/mTOR axis. This finding might provide a possibility to improve the therapy of CRC with propofol.
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Itatani, Yoshiro, Takamasa Yamamoto, Cuiling Zhong, Alfredo A. Molinolo, Jane Ruppel, Priti Hegde, M. Mark Taketo, and Napoleone Ferrara. "Suppressing neutrophil-dependent angiogenesis abrogates resistance to anti-VEGF antibody in a genetic model of colorectal cancer." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 35 (August 19, 2020): 21598–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008112117.

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We testedcis-ApcΔ716/Smad4+/−andcis-ApcΔ716/Smad4+/−KrasG12Dmice, which recapitulate key genetic abnormalities accumulating during colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis in humans, for responsiveness to anti-VEGF therapy. We found that even tumors incis-ApcΔ716/Smad4+/−KrasG12Dmice, although highly aggressive, were suppressed by anti-VEGF treatment. We tested the hypothesis that inflammation, a major risk factor and trigger for CRC, may affect responsiveness to anti-VEGF. Chemically induced colitis (CIC) incis-ApcΔ716/Smad4+/−andcis-ApcΔ716/Smad4+/−KrasG12Dmice promoted development of colon tumors that were largely resistant to anti-VEGF treatment. The myeloid growth factor G-CSF was markedly increased in the serum after induction of colitis. Antibodies blocking G-CSF, or its target Bv8/PROK2, suppressed tumor progression and myeloid cell infiltration when combined with anti-VEGF in CIC-associated CRC and in anti-VEGF-resistant CRC liver metastasis models. In a series of CRC specimens, tumor-infiltrating neutrophils strongly expressed Bv8/PROK2. CRC patients had significantly higher plasma Bv8/PROK2 levels than healthy volunteers and high plasma Bv8/PROK2 levels were inversely correlated with overall survival. Our findings establish Bv8/PROK2 as a translational target in CRC, in combination with anti-VEGF agents.
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Chatila, Walid Khaled, Henry S. Walch, Jamal Benhamida, Jaclyn Frances Hechtman, Francisco M. Barriga, Ritika Kundra, Dorina Ismalgeci, et al. "Genomic alterations in colitis-associated cancers in comparison to those found in sporadic colorectal cancer and present in precancerous dysplasia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.191.

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191 Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)] are at increased risk for small bowel or colorectal cancers (Colitis Associated Cancers, CAC). Currently CAC is treated the same as sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) with significantly shorter overall survival for advanced CAC compared to matched patients with CRC. In a pilot series, we found that tumors developing in IBD have distinct genomic alterations (GA) with potential implications for early detection and treatment. We now extend this analysis and characterize the relationship of GA in synchronous dysplasia and cancer. Methods: 104 CAC (54 UC-associated and 50 CD-associated) were sequenced with targeted-exome sequencing of > 300 cancer-related genes. GA in CAC were compared to those reported for sporadic CRC. Whole exome sequencing was performed on paired mucosa, dysplasia and carcinoma samples obtained from 15 colectomy specimens; in these cases, expert pathology review confirmed normal appearing mucosa intervening between areas of dysplasia and CAC. Results: TP53 mutations (89%), MYC amplifications (24%), and cell cycle copy number alterations (20%) were significantly enriched in CAC compared to sporadic CRC, while APC alterations (21%) were significantly less common in CAC compared to sporadic CRC. Distinct GA in CAC consisted of IDH1 R132 mutations (7%) and FGFR pathway alterations (7%). While IDH1 R132 mutations and PI3K pathway alterations were more common in CD-associated CAC, MAPK ( BRAF/ MEK1) alterations were more common in UC-associated CAC. GA in CACs did not significantly vary by duration of preceding IBD. GA were often shared in dysplasia and carcinoma, despite normal-appearing intervening mucosa. GA involving TP53, APC, KRAS, and IDH1 mutations were identified in dysplasia and shared between CAC and dysplasia. Conclusions: CAC exhibit distinct GA compared to sporadic CRC with near universal TP53 mutation, increased copy number alterations involving transcription factors and cell cycle genes, and unique drivers. A field effect can be seen for GA between distant dysplasia and carcinoma, but many GA remain private to CAC.
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Yu, Hongbin, Chuang Dai, Wei Zhu, Yude Jin, and Chunhui Wang. "PFKFB3 Increases IL-1β and TNF-α in Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Promote Tumorigenesis in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer." Journal of Oncology 2022 (August 16, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6367437.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is significantly correlated with inflammatory bowel disease, which usually manifests as chronic relapsing-remitting colitis. Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biophosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) can catalyze to produce fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and function as an oncogene. In this study, we revealed the function of PFKFB3 in colitis-associated CRC (CAC) and the potential mechanism. RT-qPCR and Western blot were utilized to detect the level of PFKFB3 expression. Increased PFKFB3 expression was observed in the mouse CAC model and CAC patient samples. We identified that overexpression of PFKFB3 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) could increase the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells by the coculture system. Mechanistically, overexpression of PFKFB3 induced phospho-p65 and promoted the expression of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the development of colitis and CAC. In addition, PFK158, the PFKFB3 inhibitor, could reduce the CRC cell viability, migration, and invasion caused by PFKFB3 overexpression. In conclusion, overexpression of PFKFB3 promoted tumorigenesis in CAC by inducing phospho-p65 and expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Our study suggested that PFKFB3 acted as a potential treatment target for CAC.
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Alsalman, Alhasan, Mohammad A. Al-Mterin, Ala Abu-Dayeh, Ferial Alloush, Khaled Murshed, and Eyad Elkord. "Associations of Complete Blood Count Parameters with Disease-Free Survival in Right- and Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer Patients." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050816.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Some complete blood count (CBC) parameters are found to be associated with CRC prognosis. In this study, ninety-seven pretreated CRC patients were included, and the patients were divided into two groups: left-sided and right-sided, depending on the anatomical location of the tumor. Based on clinicopathologic features including tumor budding, disease stages, and tumor anatomical location, levels of CBC parameters were compared, and disease-free survivals (DFS) were determined. There were differences between patients with different tumor budding scores for only three parameters, including red cell distribution width (RDW), numbers of platelets, and mean platelet volume (MPV). Furthermore, numbers of WBCs, monocytes, and MPV in CRC patients with early disease stages were higher than those with advanced stages. However, levels of eosinophil in CRC patients with advanced stages were higher than those with early stages. Depending on the tumor anatomical location, we observed that numbers of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct) in CRC patients with left-sided tumors were higher than those with right-sided tumors. We found that low levels of MPV were associated with shorter DFS. However, high levels of eosinophils were associated with shorter DFS in all CRC patients. When patients were divided based on the tumor anatomical location, higher levels of MPV, MCHC, and Hgb were associated with better DFS in the left-sided but not right-sided CRC patients. However, left-sided, but not right-sided, CRC patients with high levels of eosinophil and RDW had shorter DFS. Furthermore, right-sided, but not left-sided, CRC patients with high levels of platelets tended to have a shorter DFS. Our data show that MPV and eosinophils could serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in pre-treatment CRC patients, regardless of the tumor anatomical location. Additionally, lower levels of MPV, MCHC, and Hgb, and high levels of eosinophils and RDW could be negative predictive biomarkers in left-sided CRC patients.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CRC"

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Семеренко, В. П., and Б. О. Григорчук. "Швидке декодування паралельних кодів CRC." Thesis, ВНТУ, 2017. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua//handle/123456789/23905.

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Запропоновано новий спосіб швидкого декодування кодів CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Code) в каналах з паралельним надходженням вхідних даних. Використання теорії паралельних ЛПС (лінійних послідовнісних схем) та математичного представлення симетрії часу дозволяє вдвічі прискорити CRC-контроль. Такий спосіб контролю може бути використано в системах зберігання та архівації даних.
Предложен новый способ быстрого декодирования кодов CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Code) в каналах с параллельным поступлением входных данных. Использование теории параллельных ЛПС (линейнных последовательностных схем) и математического представления симметрии времени позволяет в два раза ускорить CRC-контроль. Такой способ контроля может быть использовать в системах сохранения и архивирования данных.
A new method for fast decoding of CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Code) in channels with parallel input data is proposed. The use of the theory of linear finite state machine (LFSM) and the mathematical representation of time symmetry makes it possible to double the speed of CRC control. Such a control method can be used in data storage and archiving systems.
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Badenes, Marina Martins. "In vivo evaluation of the role of Delta-like 4/Notch signaling in the development of intestinal tumors." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11190.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias, especialidade de Ciências Biológicas e Biomédicas
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Dll4/Notch signaling has been shown to regulate tumor angiogenesis and cancer stem cell maintenance in CRC, but how it affects the intestinal precancerous lesions that lead to CRC initiation is not known. Therefore we evaluated the role of Dll4/Notch pathway during intestinal tumorigenesis. For that we used two well-established mouse models of CRC, the ApcMin/+ autochthonous transgenic model and the azoxymethane plus dextran sodium sulphate chemically induced model of chronic colitis associated-cancer (CAC). First we analyzed the protein expression pattern of Dll4 and other Notch pathway members in these settings relatively to that in the normal gut. Then we evaluated the effect of endothelial-specific or ubiquitous Dll4 deregulation and performed a therapeutic trial with the Dll4 inhibitor Dll4-Fc. This protein was administered alone, and in combination with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib to assess if the anti-Dll4 therapy mediated vascular defects impaired the delivery of other anti-cancer drugs to the tumors. We observed that the Notch pathway is activated in the two studied models of CRC. The normal protein expression pattern of Notch pathway members in the gut is altered in chronic colitis and in ApcMin/+ and colitis-driven intestinal tumors. Dll4 is the most upregulated ligand in the intestinal adenomas in both models of CRC and is present in both tumor epithelium and stroma. Both Dll4 blockade (endothelial-specific and ubiquitously) and activation (endothelial-specific) have an inhibitory effect on intestinal tumor initiation and growth by promoting a noncompetent vasculature or decreasing the vessel density, respectively. Besides its angiogenic related effects, Dll4/Notch pathway promotes excessive inflammation in CAC, sustains the tumor stem cell pool and tumor proliferation synergistically with Wnt signaling, and inhibits differentiation mainly of the secretory cells. In addition, the effectiveness of erlotinib is not affected by Dll4-Fc, where these therapies additively inhibit intestinal tumorigenesis.
RESUMO - Avaliação in vivo da função da sinalização intercelular Dll4/Notch no desenvolvimento de tumores intestinais - O cancro colo-rectal (CCR) é o terceiro tipo de cancro mais comum e é uma das principais causas de morte no Mundo Ocidental. O CCR geralmente desenvolve-se esporadicamente, mas também pode ser hereditário como na síndrome polipose adenomatosa familiar (PAF). A PAF está associada à ativação da via de sinalização Wnt através de mutações no gene supressor tumoral Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC), que também ocorre frequentemente nos CCR esporádicos. O desenvolvimento do CCR também pode estar associado a inflamação crónica, nomeadamente à doença de Crohn (CD) e à colite ulcerativa (UC). Infelizmente o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas ou preventivas que tenham como alvo vias de sinalização críticas no desenvolvimento do CCR continua a ser extremamente necessário. Uma dessas estratégias tem como alvo a angiogénese tumoral. O primeiro agente anti-angiogénico a ser aprovado foi o Bevacizumab, que é usado em combinação com outros fármacos no tratamento do CCR metastático. No entanto, a utilização deste fármaco leva ao aparecimento de efeitos secundários e resistência tumoral e em tumores não metastáticos não se tem mostrado eficaz. Assim, continua a ser necessário desenvolver melhores estratégias terapêuticas anti-angiogénicas...
Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA) e União Europeia: Fundo Social Europeu
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Hamann, Markus. "Erweiterung des CRC-Karten-Konzeptes um Rollen." Bachelor's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-231521.

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Die rollenbasierte Modellierung ist ein aktueller Forschungszweig, welcher Verfahren für die Analyse und die Lehre benötigt. Zu diesem Zweck präsentiert die Arbeit eine Erweiterung des klassischen, objektorientierten CRC-Karten-Verfahrens um rollenbasierte Konzepte. Diese basiert auf grundlegenden Eigenschaften rollenbasierter Elemente, wie Rollen, Objekte und Kontexte, welche modular in das CRC-Karten- Verfahren eingebunden werden. Weiterhin soll anhand einer empirische Studie ermittelt werden, wie gut das rollenerweiterte R-CRC-Karten-Verfahren für die Aufgaben in Analyse und Lehre geeignet ist. Das R-CRC-Karten-Verfahren soll letztendlich eine effiziente Möglichkeit bieten, Problemstellungen rollenbasiert zu analysieren und rollenbasierte Konzepte in der Lehre zu vermitteln.
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Yu, Yang. "Evaluation of Cryptographic CRC in 65nm CMOS." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209415.

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With the rapid growth of Internet-of-Things (IoT), billions of devices are expected to be interconnected to provide various services appealing to users. Many devices will get an access to valuable information which is likely to increase the number of malicious attacks on these devices in the future. Therefore, security is considered as one of the most critical challenges in the development of IoT. In order to secure resource-constrained devices such as sensors or radio frequency identification (RFID) tags which form the backbone of IoT, lightweight cryptographic algorithms are required. This thesis focuses on the problem of message authentication. To authenticate a message means to verify that the message: (1) comes from the right sender (i.e. its authenticity), and (2) has not been modified (i.e. its integrity). It is challenging to use traditional message authentication methods in resource-constrained devices because typically they can allocate only a few hundred gates for implementing security due to their limited computing, storage and energy resources. To address these needs, a new message authentication algorithm based on a Cryptographic Cyclic Redundancy Check (C-CRC) was developed by KTH in collaboration with Ericsson. In this thesis, we implemented C-CRC and compared it with KECCAK Message Authentication Code (KMAC) standardized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2016. First, MATLAB and Verilog versions were developed for both algorithms. The comparison of these two versions allowed us to verify the correctness of algorithms functionality. After that, the Verilog descriptions were simulated in ModelSim and synthesized using Synopsys design compiler. Finally, placement and routing was performed using Cadence SoC Encounter. The evaluation results show that C-CRC outperforms KMAC in terms of area, power, throughput per area, and energy per bit. However, C-CRC is worse than KMAC in terms of latency. We have also investigated several different options of implementing C-CRC, including producing more than one bit of output per clock cycle. We found that such a technique improves throughput of C-CRC with the minimal penalty in area and power consumption
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Siegler, Brad. "Supporting Electronic CRC Card Sessions with Natural Interaction." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05112004-074846/.

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This paper is an exploration into the potential of a new collaborative tool called the DiamondTouch. An application was developed to support CRC Card Sessions and tested with different users. As part of this research, experiment participants created software designs, both using and not using the software, where metrics were gathered about their performance. The results are examined both in a qualitatively and quantitatively manner for insight into usability of the system. With these results, an evaluation is made on the hardware and the software. Suggestions are made about the future of this application and can provide guidance for developing other collaborative applications on the DiamondTouch.
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Carson, Robbie. "Targeting acute resistance mechanisms inhibition in BRAFMT CRC." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695267.

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Colorectal cancer (GRG) is the 3rd common cancer, and second leading cause of cancer associated mortality. Oncogenic mutations in the BRAF gene results in an altered protein structure, leading to constitutively activated MAPK signalling. Beneficial treatment strategies for this poor prognostic subgroup of GRG patients have yet to be identified. Hence this objective of this study was to identify novel treatment strategies in BRAF mutant GRG models. Our data has shown that MEK inhibition results in acute expression of pSTAT3, regulated through the c-METI JAK signalling axis. Taking a combined approach of JAKlMEK, or c-MET/MEK inhibition we have shown that these combinations results in significant increased apoptosis in BRAFMT GRG, and have potential as novel combinations. Furthermore, we are the first to show that MEK inhibition results in increased expression of the caspase 8 inhibitor c-FLlP, as a mechanism of resistance to apoptosis induction. Using a gene silencing and small-molecule inhibitor approach, we have identified that combined c-FLlP/MEK inhibition is a novel treatment strategy that may provide benefit for this subgroup of GRG patients.
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Beesley, Lisa, and n/a. "Relationships among Knowledge Creation, Diffusion and Utilisation in the CRC Process." Griffith University. School of Marketing and Management, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040901.125713.

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Tourism has come to be recognised as a major contributor to national economies. In a knowledge-based economy (that emphasises the benefits of industry/government and academic research), a strong research base must underpin management of a tourist destination if it is to realise its full potential. The establishment of collaborative networks between industry, academia, and government in the strategic planning and management of cities and towns is becoming increasingly popular. However, the way in which the processes underlying these settings facilitate or inhibit eventual outcomes is poorly understood. If knowledge is to drive innovation and economic growth optimally, it is important not just to develop an understanding of the processes underlying the creation, diffusion and utilisation of knowledge in cooperative research settings, but also the relationships among them. Accordingly, the aim of this investigation is to examine the relationships among knowledge creation, diffusion and utilisation occurring in the Cooperative Research Centres (CRC) Program, specifically, the Gold Coast Visioning Project, with a view to identifying the most efficient means for formulating and disseminating research designed for industry and/or government application. Knowledge is defined as information that is imbued with meaning or relevance. However, this definition says little of the ways that individuals, groups and organisations acquire knowledge. While cognitive psychologists have produced several theories suggesting the structure and mechanisms of individual cognitive processes underlying the acquisition and use of knowledge, social scientists have sought to describe and explain the process by investigating the influence of social factors. Recent contributions to group learning have examined group composition, group size, familiarity among group members, and communication processes in an attempt to understand the ways in which groups acquire knowledge. Research shows that knowledge utilisation in organisations results from the interdependent influences of organisational processes and the control opportunities and control problems that arise through organisational structure. These frameworks provide accounts of how knowledge is utilised within an organisation, but not of how organisations learn. Recent research suggests that organisations learn through knowledge networks where organisational focus moves from the consideration and protection of boundaries to the management of (and care for) relationships. Therefore, organisations contain static (rules, norms and procedures) and dynamic (social relationships) elements that mutually influence the degree to which organisations learn. A synthesis of the available literature resulted in the development of a series of models that served not only to inform, but also be informed by the analysis of this investigation. A single case study, namely the Gold Coast Visioning Project, was used to examine the ways in which knowledge was created, disseminated and utilised in a CRC setting. This ethnographic investigation considered the process of knowledge creation through to utilisation at individual, group, organisational, and inter-organisational levels, while simultaneously examining the interrelated influences of social, cognitive, affective and communication factors. Throughout the project, data were collected through stakeholder interviews, various documents and participant observation of stakeholder meetings and workshops. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach and methods of thick description. The results show that researchers and industry stakeholders bring different frames of reference, different expectations, and different knowledge bases to the exercise. This inhibited communication, and gave the appearance of dissension when, in fact, what was being sought was a common frame for understanding and communication. Additionally, the gap between industry and researcher worldviews generated the sense that industry was resisting or failing to understand what the research was seeking to achieve. Consequently, in order to manage the relationship, research plans and findings were communicated to industry in a teacher-to-student fashion, which fostered single-loop learning, and reduced industry stakeholders' sense of ownership in the process and findings. During the project, industry stakeholders frequently sought to have research come pre-packaged with "meaning", but researchers lacked the contextual knowledge necessary to specify the relevance of their research. The results also show that research findings need to be integrated and diffused to industry over time, and specific applications need to be formulated (and reformulated) in response to particular and changing needs of industry. As a result of this investigation, a model of 'best practice' has been developed with detailed recommendations for the design, implementation, and reporting of CRC-sponsored research to optimise its utility for end-users of such research. From a theoretical perspective, the findings of this study challenge the ways that current theories account for the ways in which knowledge is acquired and utilised since the results show that knowledge is constructed both socially and emotionally. Any investigation that seeks to understand how knowledge is acquired and utilised must consider social and affective influences. To ignore the role of emotion and values in the process of knowledge acquisition is to ignore a key component of an individual's reasoning capacity.
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Audy, Julie. "Approche transcriptionnelle pour l'étude de gènes chez Bifidobacterium longum CRC 002." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25448/25448.pdf.

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Alam, Arfeen. "ROLE OF CRC IN THE REGULATION OF ALGINATE IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/538.

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As Pseudomonas aeruginosa adapts to the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung environments, mucoid strains often appear as a result of alginate overproduction. Such mucoid conversion is associated with the establishment of a chronic pulmonary infection. Alginate confers resistance to phagocytosis and has other pathogenic properties. The regulation of alginate production is complex and involves an alternate sigma factor, anti-sigmas and several DNA-binding transcriptional regulators. Here we examined the possibility that the catabolic repression control (Crc) protein repressor may affect alginate gene expression. A putative Crc binding site was observed adjacent to the ribosome binding site of algD, the first gene in the 12-gene alginate biosynthetic operon. We hypothesized that Crc binding here would act as a repressor of algD expression. Taking a genetic approach, Gateway technology was used to construct crc::GmR (nonpolar) mutants of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 and its mucoid (mucA) mutant derivative, PDO300. The crc mutation had the expected phenotypes with respect to pyocyanin production, biofilm formation and diauxic growth. When a PalgD-lacZ (translational) fusion was tested, the crc mutant showed increased algD expression as predicted for a mRNA-binding repressor. Another Ptrc-algD-lacZ (translational) construct, but missing the upstream promoter (PalgD) elements, also showed increased activity in crc mutants as predicted if Crc was acting directly as a repressor of algD transcriptional / translational expression. However, this was not consistent with the production of alginate. The crc mutant of mucoid PDO300 showed lower levels of alginate production than its parent strain. Under conditions were the algD operon was induced by ammonium metavanadate in the growth medium to produce alginate, the crc mutation again resulted in a lower level of alginate production than wild-type, which was again inconsistent with the algD-lacZ expression data. This suggests that crc mutation, which has global effects on carbon flow in the cell, could be affecting metabolic pathways that feed precursors into the alginate biosynthetic pathway. Future directions for this research are discussed.
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Beesley, Lisa. "Relationships among Knowledge Creation, Diffusion and Utilisation in the CRC Process." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367377.

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Tourism has come to be recognised as a major contributor to national economies. In a knowledge-based economy (that emphasises the benefits of industry/government and academic research), a strong research base must underpin management of a tourist destination if it is to realise its full potential. The establishment of collaborative networks between industry, academia, and government in the strategic planning and management of cities and towns is becoming increasingly popular. However, the way in which the processes underlying these settings facilitate or inhibit eventual outcomes is poorly understood. If knowledge is to drive innovation and economic growth optimally, it is important not just to develop an understanding of the processes underlying the creation, diffusion and utilisation of knowledge in cooperative research settings, but also the relationships among them. Accordingly, the aim of this investigation is to examine the relationships among knowledge creation, diffusion and utilisation occurring in the Cooperative Research Centres (CRC) Program, specifically, the Gold Coast Visioning Project, with a view to identifying the most efficient means for formulating and disseminating research designed for industry and/or government application. Knowledge is defined as information that is imbued with meaning or relevance. However, this definition says little of the ways that individuals, groups and organisations acquire knowledge. While cognitive psychologists have produced several theories suggesting the structure and mechanisms of individual cognitive processes underlying the acquisition and use of knowledge, social scientists have sought to describe and explain the process by investigating the influence of social factors. Recent contributions to group learning have examined group composition, group size, familiarity among group members, and communication processes in an attempt to understand the ways in which groups acquire knowledge. Research shows that knowledge utilisation in organisations results from the interdependent influences of organisational processes and the control opportunities and control problems that arise through organisational structure. These frameworks provide accounts of how knowledge is utilised within an organisation, but not of how organisations learn. Recent research suggests that organisations learn through knowledge networks where organisational focus moves from the consideration and protection of boundaries to the management of (and care for) relationships. Therefore, organisations contain static (rules, norms and procedures) and dynamic (social relationships) elements that mutually influence the degree to which organisations learn. A synthesis of the available literature resulted in the development of a series of models that served not only to inform, but also be informed by the analysis of this investigation. A single case study, namely the Gold Coast Visioning Project, was used to examine the ways in which knowledge was created, disseminated and utilised in a CRC setting. This ethnographic investigation considered the process of knowledge creation through to utilisation at individual, group, organisational, and inter-organisational levels, while simultaneously examining the interrelated influences of social, cognitive, affective and communication factors. Throughout the project, data were collected through stakeholder interviews, various documents and participant observation of stakeholder meetings and workshops. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach and methods of thick description. The results show that researchers and industry stakeholders bring different frames of reference, different expectations, and different knowledge bases to the exercise. This inhibited communication, and gave the appearance of dissension when, in fact, what was being sought was a common frame for understanding and communication. Additionally, the gap between industry and researcher worldviews generated the sense that industry was resisting or failing to understand what the research was seeking to achieve. Consequently, in order to manage the relationship, research plans and findings were communicated to industry in a teacher-to-student fashion, which fostered single-loop learning, and reduced industry stakeholders' sense of ownership in the process and findings. During the project, industry stakeholders frequently sought to have research come pre-packaged with "meaning", but researchers lacked the contextual knowledge necessary to specify the relevance of their research. The results also show that research findings need to be integrated and diffused to industry over time, and specific applications need to be formulated (and reformulated) in response to particular and changing needs of industry. As a result of this investigation, a model of 'best practice' has been developed with detailed recommendations for the design, implementation, and reporting of CRC-sponsored research to optimise its utility for end-users of such research. From a theoretical perspective, the findings of this study challenge the ways that current theories account for the ways in which knowledge is acquired and utilised since the results show that knowledge is constructed both socially and emotionally. Any investigation that seeks to understand how knowledge is acquired and utilised must consider social and affective influences. To ignore the role of emotion and values in the process of knowledge acquisition is to ignore a key component of an individual's reasoning capacity.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Marketing and Management
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Books on the topic "CRC"

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Human Rights Education Institute of Burma. CRC report 2011. Chiang Mai: Human Rights Education Institute of Burma, 2011.

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Speedway), CRC Driveability Workshop (1993 Michigan International. 1993 CRC Driveability Workshop (CRC project no. CM-118-93). Atlanta, Ga: Automotive Vehicle Fuel, Lubricant, and Equipment Research Committee of the Coordinating Research Council, 1994.

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Forgue, Raymond E. Certified retirement counselor (CRC): CRC 1, Fundamentals of retirement planning. Dunn Loring, VA (InFRE, 2230 Gallows Rd., Suite 380, PO Box 125, Dun Loring 22027): International Foundation for Retirement Education, 2002.

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CRC Driveability Workshop (1990 Yakima, Wash.). 1990 CRC Driveability Workshop (CRC project no. CM-118-90). Atlanta, Ga. (219 Perimeter Center Pkwy, Atlanta 30346): Automotive Vehicle Fuel, Lubricant, and Equipment Research Committee of the Coordinating Research Council, 1991.

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A, Waterman Norman, and Ashby M. F, eds. CRC-Elsevier materials selector. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.

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Margalith, Galun, ed. CRC handbook of lichenology. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1988.

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P, Tijssen, ed. CRC handbook of parvoviruses. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1990.

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H, Halevy Abraham, ed. CRC handbook of flowering. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press Inc., 1986.

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CRC microprocessor pocket book. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1989.

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András, Lipták. CRC handbook of oligosaccharides. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "CRC"

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Peters, Nils, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, et al. "CRC." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 460. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_7836.

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Gala, Manish, and Daniel C. Chung. "Hereditary CRC Syndromes." In Intestinal Tumorigenesis, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19986-3_1.

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Peeters, M. "CRC Liver Metastases." In Locoregional Tumor Therapy, 55–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36572-0_5.

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Dolgushin, Mikhail, Valery Kornienko, and Igor Pronin. "Colorectal Cancer (CRC)." In Brain Metastases, 233–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57760-9_16.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "clinical research coordinator (CRC)." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 28. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_204.

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Weitz, Edmund. "Anwendung: Das CRC-Verfahren." In Konkrete Mathematik (nicht nur) für Informatiker, 725–29. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21565-1_58.

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Weitz, Edmund. "Anwendung: Das CRC-Verfahren." In Konkrete Mathematik (nicht nur) für Informatiker, 763–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62618-4_59.

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Houghton, A. D. "Error correction using the CRC." In The Engineer’s Error Coding Handbook, 35–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0447-0_5.

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Houghton, A. "Error Correction Using the CRC." In Error Coding for Engineers, 49–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1509-8_5.

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Aarup, Bendt. "CRC: Precast Applications of UHPFRC." In Designing and Building with UHPFRC, 319–30. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557839.ch21.

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Conference papers on the topic "CRC"

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Hanna, Samer S., Arsany Guirguis, Mahmoud A. Mahdi, Yaser A. El-Nakieb, Mahmoud Alaa Eldin, and Dina M. Saber. "CRC." In MobiCom'16: The 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2980159.2980161.

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Baicheva, Tsonka, and Peter Kazakov. "CRC selection for decoding of CRC-polar concatenated codes." In BCI'19: 9th Balkan Conference in Informatics. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3351556.3351573.

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"CRC 2018 Index." In 2018 Cyber Resilience Conference (CRC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cr.2018.8626858.

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"CRC 2020 Index." In 2020 5th International Conference on Control, Robotics and Cybernetics (CRC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crc51253.2020.9253450.

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"CRC 2020 TOC." In 2020 5th International Conference on Control, Robotics and Cybernetics (CRC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crc51253.2020.9253479.

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Panda, Avipsa S., and G. L. Kumar. "Comparison of serial data-input CRC and parallel data-input CRC design for CRC-8 ATM HEC employing MLFSR." In 2014 International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems (ICECS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecs.2014.6892739.

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Toal, Ciaran, Sakir Sezer, Xin Yang, Kieran McLaughlin, Dwayne Burns, and Tiberiu Seceleanu. "Programmable CRC circuit architecture." In 2007 IEEE International SOC Conference (SOCC). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socc.2007.4545441.

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"[CRC 2020 Title page]." In 2020 5th International Conference on Control, Robotics and Cybernetics (CRC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crc51253.2020.9253452.

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"[CRC 2020 Front cover]." In 2020 5th International Conference on Control, Robotics and Cybernetics (CRC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crc51253.2020.9253477.

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"[CRC 2020 Copyright notice]." In 2020 5th International Conference on Control, Robotics and Cybernetics (CRC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crc51253.2020.9253478.

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Reports on the topic "CRC"

1

COORDINATING RESEARCH COUNCIL INC ATLANTA GA. 1987 CRC Octane Number Requirement Survey. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada201482.

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CRC Aviation Fuels Handbook - 4th Edition. Chair Tedd Biddle. Coordinating Research Council, Inc., May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21813/crcreportno663.

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COORDINATING RESEARCH COUNCIL INC ATLANTA GA. CRC Octane Number Requirement Survey 1990. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241366.

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Wasserman, David. Polar Coding with CRC-Aided List Decoding. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625869.

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Lines, Lisa M., Florence K. L. Tangka, Sonja Hoover, and Sujha Subramanian. People with Colorectal Cancer in SEER-Medicare: Part D Uptake, Costs, and Outcomes. RTI Press, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0037.2005.

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Limited information exists about enrollment in Part D prescription coverage by Medicare beneficiaries with cancer. Part D coverage may increase access to medicines. This study evaluated patterns of Part D uptake and costs and assessed the effects of coverage on hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) use among people with colorectal cancer (CRC). We analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked data on fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries with at least 36 months of follow-up who were diagnosed with CRC at any point from January 2007 through December 2010, and a matched cohort of beneficiaries without cancer. Dual (Medicare/Medicaid) enrollees were excluded because they are automatically enrolled in Part D. Among beneficiaries with CRC (n=12,774), 39 percent had complete Part D coverage, defined as coverage in the diagnosis year and 2 subsequent years; the rate was 38 percent in the matched comparison cohort (P=.119). Among those with complete Part D coverage, there was no significant difference in annual prescription drug costs between people with CRC ($3,157, 95% confidence interval [CI]: $3,098–$3,216) and without ($3,113, 95% CI: $3,054–$3,172). Among people with CRC, odds of ED use ranged from unchanged to marginally higher for those with no or partial Part D coverage, (adjusted odds ratio: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00–1.18), compared with those with complete Part D coverage. Lack of continuous Part D coverage was associated with more ED use among Medicare FFS beneficiaries with CRC in 2007–2013. Among people with Part D coverage, prescription drug costs varied little between those with CRC and matched beneficiaries without cancer.
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Alleman, T. L. Blender Pump Fuel Survey: CRC Project E-95. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1020607.

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Williams, A., and T. L. Alleman. Blender Pump Fuel Survey: CRC Project E-95-2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132181.

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Alleman, Teresa L. Survey of Flex Fuel in 2014. CRC Project E-85-3. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1215093.

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Alleman, Teresa L. National 2010-2011 Survey of E85: CRC Project E-85-2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1032668.

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Mariner, Paul E., Emily R. Stein, Elena Arkadievna Kalinina, Teklu Hadgu, Carlos F. Jove-Colon, and Eduardo Basurto. US Sections Prepared for Future NEA Crystalline Club (CRC) Report on Status of R&D in CRC Countries Investigating Deep Geologic Disposal in Crystalline Rock. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1435901.

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