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1

Wang, Xu, Peimin Zhu, Timothy M. Kusky, Na Zhao, Xiaoyong Li, and Zhensheng Wang. "Dynamic cause of marginal lithospheric thinning and implications for craton destruction: a comparison of the North China, Superior, and Yilgarn cratons." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 11 (November 2016): 1121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0110.

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We present a comparative tectonic analysis of the North China Craton (NCC), which has lost parts of its root, with the Yilgarn and Superior cratons, which preserve their roots. We compare the geophysical structure and tectonic histories of these cratons to search for reasons why some cratons lose their roots, while others retain them. Based on the comparison and analysis of geological, geophysical, and geochemical data, it is clear that the lithospheric thinning beneath craton margins is a common phenomenon, which may be caused by convergence between plates. However, craton destruction is not always accompanied by lithospheric thinning, except for cratons that suffered subduction and collision from multiple sides. The Western Block (also known as the Ordos Block) of the NCC, Yilgarn and Superior cratons have not experienced craton destruction; the common ground among them is that they are surrounded by weak zones (e.g., mobile belts or orogens) that sheltered the cratons from deformation, which contributes greatly to the long-term stability of the craton. Subduction polarity controlled the water released by the subducting plate, and if subducting plates dip underneath the craton, they release water that hydroweakens the overlying mantle, and makes it easy for delamination or sub-continental lithospheric mantle erosion to take place in the interior of the craton. Thus, subduction polarity during convergence events is an important element in determing whether a craton retains or loses its root.
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2

Wu, Fu-Yuan, Jin-Hui Yang, Yi-Gang Xu, Simon A. Wilde, and Richard J. Walker. "Destruction of the North China Craton in the Mesozoic." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 47, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060342.

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The North China Craton (NCC) was originally formed by the amalgamation of the eastern and western blocks along an orogenic belt at ∼1.9 Ga. After cratonization, the NCC was essentially stable until the Mesozoic, when intense felsic magmatism and related mineralization, deformation, pull-apart basins, and exhumation of the deep crust widely occurred, indicative of destruction or decratonization. Accompanying this destruction was significant removal of the cratonic keel and lithospheric transformation, whereby the thick (∼200 km) and refractory Archean lithosphere mantle was replaced by a thin (<80 km) juvenile one. The decratonization of the NCC was driven by flat slab subduction, followed by a rollback of the paleo-Pacific plate during the late Mesozoic. A global synthesis indicates that cratons are mainly destroyed by oceanic subduction, although mantle plumes might also trigger lithospheric thinning through thermal erosion. Widespread crust-derived felsic magmatism and large-scale ductile deformation can be regarded as petrological and structural indicators of craton destruction. ▪ A craton, a kind of ancient continental block on Earth, was formed mostly in the early Precambrian (>1.8 Ga). ▪ A craton is characterized by a rigid lithospheric root, which provides longevity and stability during its evolutionary history. ▪ Some cratons, such as the North China Craton, can be destroyed by losing their stability, manifested by magmatism, deformation, earthquake, etc.
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3

Zhu, Rixiang, Hongfu Zhang, Guang Zhu, Qingren Meng, Hongrui Fan, Jinhui Yang, Fuyuan Wu, Zhiyong Zhang, and Tianyu Zheng. "Craton destruction and related resources." International Journal of Earth Sciences 106, no. 7 (February 13, 2017): 2233–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-016-1441-x.

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4

Li, Sheng-Rong, and M. Santosh. "Metallogeny and craton destruction: Records from the North China Craton." Ore Geology Reviews 56 (January 2014): 376–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.03.002.

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5

Zhu, RiXiang, YiGang Xu, Guang Zhu, HongFu Zhang, QunKe Xia, and TianYu Zheng. "Destruction of the North China Craton." Science China Earth Sciences 55, no. 10 (September 30, 2012): 1565–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-012-4516-y.

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6

He, Lijuan. "Thermal regime of the North China Craton: Implications for craton destruction." Earth-Science Reviews 140 (January 2015): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.10.011.

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7

Zhu, Ri-Xiang, Jin-Hui Yang, and Fu-Yuan Wu. "Timing of destruction of the North China Craton." Lithos 149 (September 2012): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.05.013.

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8

Gao, Shan, JunFeng Zhang, WenLiang Xu, and YongSheng Liu. "Delamination and destruction of the North China Craton." Science Bulletin 54, no. 19 (June 17, 2009): 3367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-009-0395-9.

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9

He, Chuansong, M. Santosh, and Qiong-Yan Yang. "Gold metallogeny associated with craton destruction: A geophysical perspective from the North China Craton." Ore Geology Reviews 75 (June 2016): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.12.004.

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10

Liu, Junlai, Mo Ji, Jinlong Ni, Liang Shen, Yuanyuan Zheng, Xiaoyu Chen, and John P. Craddock. "Inhomogeneous thinning of a cratonic lithospheric keel by tectonic extension: The Early Cretaceous Jiaodong Peninsula–Liaodong Peninsula extensional provinces, eastern North China craton." GSA Bulletin 133, no. 1-2 (May 7, 2020): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35470.1.

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Abstract The mechanisms of lithospheric thinning and craton destruction have been hotly debated in the last decades. The Early Cretaceous Jiaodong and Liaodong extensional provinces (JEP and LEP, respectively) of the eastern North China craton are typical areas where the cratonic Archean lithosphere has been intensely extended and thinned. Various extensional structures, e.g., metamorphic core complexes (MCCs), low-angle detachment faults, and extensional basins, characterize the Early Cretaceous crustal deformation of the two provinces. However, profound differences exist in structural development and related magmatic activities between the two provinces. Distributed small-scale extensional basins were formed in association with exhumation of the Liaonan and Wanfu MCCs in the LEP, whereas the major Jiaolai Basin was developed coevally with exhumation of the Wulian, Queshan, and Linglong MCCs in the JEP. Sr-Nd isotope compositions of volcanic rocks from the basins of the two provinces are compatible with syntectonic magmatic activities of evolving magma sources in the LEP, but multiple and hybrid magma sources in the JEP. It is shown, from variations in structural styles, plutonic and volcanic activities, and thermal evolution of the two extensional provinces, that two stages (ca. 135–120 Ma and 120–100 Ma) of tectonic extension affected the JEP and LEP in the Early Cretaceous. We demonstrate that regional tectonic extension (parallel extension tectonics, or PET) is responsible for the formation of major extensional structures and the occurrence of the magmatic associations. Progressive wide rifting by coupled crust-mantle detachment faulting of a hot LEP lithosphere was accompanied by evolving magma sources from dominant ancient crust and enriched mantle to juvenile crust. Two stages of narrow rifting of a cold JEP lithosphere led to early crustal detachment faulting transitioning to late crust-mantle faulting, which resulted in intense magmatic activity from hybrid to multiple magma sources. These processes contributed to destruction of the craton, with thinning of its lithospheric keel and local transformation of the nature of the lithospheric mantle. It is expected that such a model is also applicable to interpretation of tectonic extension of contiguous areas of the North China craton and the remobilization of other cratons.
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11

He, Xiao-Fang, M. Santosh, and Sohini Ganguly. "Mesozoic felsic volcanic rocks from the North China craton: Intraplate magmatism associated with craton destruction." Geological Society of America Bulletin 129, no. 7-8 (February 23, 2017): 947–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b31607.1.

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12

Xu, Xiaobing, Liang Zhao, Kun Wang, and Jianfeng Yang. "Indication from finite-frequency tomography beneath the North China Craton: The heterogeneity of craton destruction." Science China Earth Sciences 61, no. 9 (July 18, 2018): 1238–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-017-9201-y.

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13

Zhang, Hong-Fu, Ri-Xiang Zhu, M. Santosh, Ji-Feng Ying, Ben-Xun Su, and Yan Hu. "Episodic widespread magma underplating beneath the North China Craton in the Phanerozoic: Implications for craton destruction." Gondwana Research 23, no. 1 (January 2013): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2011.12.006.

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14

He, Xiao-Fang, Airi Kobayashi, M. Santosh, and Toshiaki Tsunogae. "Crust–mantle interaction and craton destruction: evidence from Late Mesozoic plutons in the North China Craton." Journal of the Geological Society 174, no. 6 (July 11, 2017): 1070–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2017-007.

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15

Ling, Ming-Xing, Yin Li, Xing Ding, Fang-Zhen Teng, Xiao-Yong Yang, Wei-Ming Fan, Yi-Gang Xu, and Weidong Sun. "Destruction of the North China Craton Induced by Ridge Subductions." Journal of Geology 121, no. 2 (March 2013): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/669248.

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16

Dave, Riddhi, and Aibing Li. "Destruction of the Wyoming craton: Seismic evidence and geodynamic processes." Geology 44, no. 11 (September 23, 2016): 883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g38147.1.

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17

Tang, Yan-Jie, Hong-Fu Zhang, M. Santosh, and Ji-Feng Ying. "Differential destruction of the North China Craton: A tectonic perspective." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 78 (December 2013): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.11.047.

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18

Yang, Fan, M. Santosh, and Sung Won Kim. "Mesozoic magmatism in the eastern North China Craton: Insights on tectonic cycles associated with progressive craton destruction." Gondwana Research 60 (August 2018): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2018.04.003.

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19

Kusky, Timothy M., Brian F. Windley, Lu Wang, Zhensheng Wang, Xiaoyong Li, and Peimin Zhu. "Flat slab subduction, trench suction, and craton destruction: Comparison of the North China, Wyoming, and Brazilian cratons." Tectonophysics 630 (September 2014): 208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.05.028.

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20

Zhou, Zhonghe, Qingren Meng, Rixiang Zhu, and Min Wang. "Spatiotemporal evolution of the Jehol Biota: Responses to the North China craton destruction in the Early Cretaceous." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 34 (August 16, 2021): e2107859118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107859118.

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The Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota is a terrestrial lagerstätte that contains exceptionally well-preserved fossils indicating the origin and early evolution of Mesozoic life, such as birds, dinosaurs, pterosaurs, mammals, insects, and flowering plants. New geochronologic studies have further constrained the ages of the fossil-bearing beds, and recent investigations on Early Cretaceous tectonic settings have provided much new information for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of the biota and dispersal pattern of its members. Notably, the occurrence of the Jehol Biota coincides with the initial and peak stages of the North China craton destruction in the Early Cretaceous, and thus the biotic evolution is related to the North China craton destruction. However, it remains largely unknown how the tectonic activities impacted the development of the Jehol Biota in northeast China and other contemporaneous biotas in neighboring areas in East and Central Asia. It is proposed that the Early Cretaceous rift basins migrated eastward in the northern margin of the North China craton and the Great Xing’an Range, and the migration is regarded to have resulted from eastward retreat of the subducting paleo-Pacific plate. The diachronous development of the rift basins led to the lateral variations of stratigraphic sequences and depositional environments, which in turn influenced the spatiotemporal evolution of the Jehol Biota. This study represents an effort to explore the linkage between terrestrial biota evolution and regional tectonics and how plate tectonics constrained the evolution of a terrestrial biota through various surface geological processes.
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21

Zhang, Junfeng, Chao Wang, and Yongfeng Wang. "Experimental constraints on the destruction mechanism of the North China Craton." Lithos 149 (September 2012): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.03.015.

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22

Liao, Jie, Qin Wang, Taras Gerya, and Maxim D. Ballmer. "Modeling Craton Destruction by Hydration-Induced Weakening of the Upper Mantle." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 122, no. 9 (September 2017): 7449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014157.

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23

Yang, Fan, M. Santosh, and Li Tang. "Extensive crustal melting during craton destruction: Evidence from the Mesozoic magmatic suite of Junan, eastern North China Craton." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 157 (May 2018): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.07.010.

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24

Chen, L., M. Jiang, J. Yang, Z. Wei, C. Liu, and Y. Ling. "Presence of an intralithospheric discontinuity in the central and western North China Craton: Implications for destruction of the craton." Geology 42, no. 3 (January 10, 2014): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g35010.1.

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25

Shi, Ya-Nan, Fenglin Niu, Zhong-Hai Li, and Pengpeng Huangfu. "Craton destruction links to the interaction between subduction and mid-lithospheric discontinuity: Implications for the eastern North China Craton." Gondwana Research 83 (July 2020): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2020.01.016.

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26

Liu, Liang, Jason P. Morgan, Yigang Xu, and Martin Menzies. "Craton Destruction 1: Cratonic Keel Delamination Along a Weak Midlithospheric Discontinuity Layer." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 123, no. 11 (November 2018): 10,040–10,068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2017jb015372.

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27

Zhu, RiXiang, and TianYu Zheng. "Destruction geodynamics of the North China craton and its Paleoproterozoic plate tectonics." Science Bulletin 54, no. 19 (July 3, 2009): 3354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-009-0451-5.

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28

Zhu, RiXiang, Ling Chen, FuYuan Wu, and JunLai Liu. "Timing, scale and mechanism of the destruction of the North China Craton." Science China Earth Sciences 54, no. 6 (May 13, 2011): 789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-011-4203-4.

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29

Sun, Xiangyu, Lingqiang Zhao, Yan Zhan, Qingliang Wang, Haibo Yang, and Xuehua Liu. "Electrical structures in the central part of the North China Craton and their implications for the mechanism of Craton destruction." Tectonophysics 862 (September 2023): 229959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2023.229959.

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30

Song, Zhi-Wei, Chang-Qing Zheng, Chen-Yue Liang, Bo Lin, Xue-Chun Xu, Quan-Bo Wen, Ying-Li Zhao, Cheng-Gang Cao, and Zhi-Xin Wang. "Identification and Geological Significance of Early Jurassic Adakitic Volcanic Rocks in Xintaimen Area, Western Liaoning." Minerals 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030331.

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The Western Liaoning area, where a large number of Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanic rocks are exposed, is one of the typical areas for studying the Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific and Mongolia-Okhotsk subduction process, and lithospheric destruction of North China Craton. The identification and investigation of Early Jurassic adakitic volcanic rocks in the Xintaimen area of Western Liaoning is of particular significance for exploring the volcanic magma source and its composition evolution, tracking the crust-mantle interaction, and revealing the craton destruction and the subduction of oceanic plates. Detailed petrography, zircon U–Pb dating, geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotope studies indicate that the Early Jurassic intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks are mainly composed of trachydacites and a few rhyolites with the formation ages of 178.6–181.9 Ma. Geochemical characteristics show that they have a high content of SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, and total-alkali, typical of the high-K calc-alkaline series. They also show enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), depletion of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs), and have a high content of Sr and low content of Y and Yb, suggesting that they were derived from the partial melting of the lower crust. The εHf(t) values of dated zircons and two-stage model ages (TDM2) vary from −11.6 to −7.4 and from 1692 to 1958 Ma, respectively. During the Early Jurassic, the study area was under long-range tectonic effects with the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean and the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate, which caused the basaltic magma to invade the lower crust of the North China Craton. The mantle-derived magma was separated and crystallized while heating the Proterozoic lower crust, and part of the thickened crust melted to form these intermediate-acidic adakitic volcanic rocks.
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31

Chang, Lu, Li Ying, Chen Zhi, Liu Zhaofei, Zhao Yuanxin, and Hu Le. "Fluid Geochemistry within the North China Craton: Spatial Variation and Genesis." Geofluids 2021 (October 25, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1009766.

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The North China Craton (NCC) is a typical representative of the ancient destruction craton. Numerous studies have shown that extensive destruction of the NCC occurred in the east, whereas the western part was only partially modified. The Bohai Bay Basin is in the center of the destruction area in the eastern NCC. Chemical analyses were conducted on 122 hot spring samples taken from the eastern NCC and the Ordos Basin. The δ 2 H and δ 18 O in water, δ 13 C in CO2, and 3He/4He and 4He/20Ne ratios in gases were analyzed in combination with chemical analyses of water in the central and eastern NCC. The results showed an obvious spatial variation in chemical and isotopic compositions of the geofluids in the NCC. The average temperature of spring water in the Trans-North China Block (TNCB) and the Bohai Bay Basin was 80.74°C, far exceeding that of the Ordos Basin of 38.43°C. The average δ D in the Eastern Block (EB) and the TNCB were −79.22‰ and −84.13‰, respectively. The He isotope values in the eastern region (TNCB and EB) ranged from 0.01 to 2.52, and the rate of contribution of the mantle to He ranged from 0 to 31.38%. δ 13 C ranged from −20.7 to −6.4‰ which indicated an organic origin. The chemical compositions of the gases in the EB showed that N2 originated mainly from the atmosphere. The EB showed characteristics of a typical gas subduction zone, whereas the TNCB was found to have relatively small mantle sources. The reservoir temperatures in the Ordos Basin and the eastern NCC (EB and TNCB) calculated by the K-Mg temperature scale were 38.43°C and 80.74°C, respectively. This study demonstrated clear spatial variation in the chemical and isotopic compositions of the geofluids in the NCC, suggesting the presence of geofluids from the magmatic reservoir in the middle-lower crust and that active faults played an important role in the transport of mantle-derived components from the mantle upwards.
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32

Liu, Liang, Jason P. Morgan, Yigang Xu, and Martin Menzies. "Craton Destruction 2: Evolution of Cratonic Lithosphere After a Rapid Keel Delamination Event." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 123, no. 11 (November 2018): 10,069–10,090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2017jb015374.

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33

An, Meijian, Mei Feng, and Yue Zhao. "Destruction of lithosphere within the north China craton inferred from surface wave tomography." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 10, no. 8 (August 2009): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gc002562.

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34

Zhang, Kai-Jun. "Destruction of the North China Craton: Lithosphere folding-induced removal of lithospheric mantle?" Journal of Geodynamics 53 (January 2012): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2011.07.005.

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35

Li, Zian, Lu Zhang, Ge Lin, Chongbin Zhao, and Yingjie Liang. "Lithospheric thermal evolution and dynamic mechanism of destruction of the North China Craton." International Journal of Earth Sciences 107, no. 4 (September 7, 2017): 1305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-017-1533-2.

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36

Zhang, Zhekun, Mingxing Ling, Lipeng Zhang, Saijun Sun, and Weidong Sun. "High oxygen fugacity magma: implication for the destruction of the North China Craton." Acta Geochimica 39, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11631-020-00394-7.

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37

Xu, YiGang, HongYan Li, ChongJin Pang, and Bin He. "On the timing and duration of the destruction of the North China Craton." Science Bulletin 54, no. 19 (May 8, 2009): 3379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-009-0346-5.

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38

Li, Jian-Wei, Shi-Jian Bi, David Selby, Lei Chen, Paulo Vasconcelos, David Thiede, Mei-Fu Zhou, Xin-Fu Zhao, Zhan-Ke Li, and Hua-Ning Qiu. "Giant Mesozoic gold provinces related to the destruction of the North China craton." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 349-350 (October 2012): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.06.058.

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39

He, Chuansong, Shuwen Dong, M. Santosh, Qiusheng Li, and Xuanhua Chen. "Destruction of the North China Craton: a perspective based on receiver function analysis." Geological Journal 50, no. 1 (October 10, 2013): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.2530.

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40

Li, Jie, Nan Li, Meiyun Wang, Yingxin Song, Zongyuan Tang, Pu Zhang, Guang Wang, and Lipeng Zhang. "Formation of the Miaoan Au-Polymetallic Deposit in the Northern Taihang Mountain, North China Craton: Ore Geology, Geochronological and Geochemical Perspectives." Minerals 12, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12091144.

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Several gold ore-concentrated areas have been recognized in the destruction zone of the North China Craton (NCC). However, the deposits in the western part of the destruction zone have received less attention. Miaoan, a typical Au-polymetallic deposit in the northern Taihang Mountain, provides a good sample for deepening our understanding of the genesis of gold deposits in the western destruction zone. In this study, detailed ore geology, pyrite Rb-Sr age, trace element and S-C-O isotopes of Au-bearing ores were conducted to constrain the source of ore-forming materials and their tectonic setting. The pyrites obtain an Rb-Sr isochron age of 129.5 ± 2.5 Ma, consistent with those of magmatic rocks in this deposit, suggesting their genetic relationship. The δ34S values ranging from −5.5‰ to 1.6‰ and the high Co/Ni and Y/Ho ratios of pyrites indicate the mantle-crust mixing characteristics of ore-forming fluids. The δ13C (−6.3‰ to −2.0‰) and δ18O (9.3‰ to 17.6‰) values of Au-bearing ores and calcites suggest mixing characteristics as well. Geochronologically, the Miaoan Au-polymetallic deposit was formed during the destruction of the NCC. We propose that the Miaoan Au-polymetallic deposit is a decratonic gold deposit and that its ore-forming materials have a mixed source of mantle and crust.
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41

Vasanthi, A., A. P. Singh, Niraj Kumar, B. Nageswara Rao, A. V. Satyakumar, and M. Santosh. "Crust-mantle structure and lithospheric destruction of the oldest craton in the Indian shield." Precambrian Research 362 (August 2021): 106280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106280.

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42

He, Chuansong, M. Santosh, and Qiong-Yan Yang. "Corrigendum to “Gold metallogeny associated with craton destruction: A geophysical perspective from the North China Craton” [Ore Geol. Rev. 75 (2016) 29–41]." Ore Geology Reviews 79 (December 2016): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.05.008.

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43

Zhang, Shuan-Hong, Yue Zhao, Hao Ye, Ke-Jun Hou, and Chao-Feng Li. "Early Mesozoic alkaline complexes in the northern North China Craton: Implications for cratonic lithospheric destruction." Lithos 155 (December 2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.08.009.

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44

Tian, You, and Dapeng Zhao. "Destruction mechanism of the North China Craton: Insight from P and S wave mantle tomography." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 42, no. 6 (November 2011): 1132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.06.010.

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45

Liu, Jingao, Ronghua Cai, D. Graham Pearson, and James M. Scott. "Thinning and destruction of the lithospheric mantle root beneath the North China Craton: A review." Earth-Science Reviews 196 (September 2019): 102873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.05.017.

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46

Wang, Chao, ZhenMin Jin, Shan Gao, JunFeng Zhang, and Shu Zheng. "Eclogite-melt/peridotite reaction: Experimental constrains on the destruction mechanism of the North China Craton." Science China Earth Sciences 53, no. 6 (May 15, 2010): 797–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-010-3084-2.

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47

Xiong, XiaoLin, XingCheng Liu, ZhiMin Zhu, Yuan Li, WangSheng Xiao, MaoShuang Song, Sheng Zhang, and JinHua Wu. "Adakitic rocks and destruction of the North China Craton: Evidence from experimental petrology and geochemistry." Science China Earth Sciences 54, no. 6 (May 13, 2011): 858–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-010-4167-9.

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Wang, Kun, Liang Zhao, Xiaobing Xu, and Jianfeng Yang. "Heterogeneous destruction of the North China Craton: Coupled constraints from seismology and geodynamic numerical modeling." Science China Earth Sciences 61, no. 5 (February 5, 2018): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-017-9142-1.

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49

Zhu, Rixiang, and Yigang Xu. "The subduction of the west Pacific plate and the destruction of the North China Craton." Science China Earth Sciences 62, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 1340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-018-9356-y.

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50

Zhou, Zhonghe, Rixiang Zhu, and Qingren Meng. "Destruction of the North China Craton and its influence on surface geology and terrestrial biotas." Chinese Science Bulletin 65, no. 27 (April 2, 2020): 2955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/tb-2020-0219.

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