Journal articles: 'Crassostrea – Diseases – Environmental aspects'

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Correa, Juan A., and Pablo A. S�nchez. "Ecological aspects of algal infectious diseases." Hydrobiologia 326-327, no. 1 (July 1996): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00047792.

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Aral, Sevgi Okten. "Behavioral Aspects of Sexually Transmitted Diseases." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 27, no. 6 (July 2000): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-200007000-00005.

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Van Minh, Hoang, Dao Lan Huong, Kim Bao Giang, and Peter Byass. "Economic aspects of chronic diseases in Vietnam." Global Health Action 2, no. 1 (November 11, 2009): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v2i0.1965.

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Andersson, Emma R., and Ansgar W. Lohse. "Advances in genetic, epigenetic and environmental aspects of rare liver diseases." European Journal of Medical Genetics 65, no. 2 (February 2022): 104411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104411.

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Yamamoto, Kazuya. "Environmental aspects of skin diseases in children: management of common problems." Clinics in Dermatology 21, no. 4 (July 2003): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0738-081x(03)00046-4.

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Yutani, Chikao. "Pathological Aspects of Venous Diseases Including Pulmonary Embolism." Japanese Journal of Phlebology 21, no. 1 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7134/phlebol.21-1-1.

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Takken, Willem. "Chemical ecology of insect vectors: temporal, environmental and physiological aspects." Trends in Parasitology 21, no. 2 (February 2005): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2004.11.005.

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Gromakina, E. V., N. V. Tyunina, E. D. Egorova, and E. A. Sozurakova. "Pathogenetic aspects of cataract in comorbid conditions." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2022-5-65-68.

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Relevance. Research by ophthalmologists, biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, physiologists have shown the significance of xeno- and endobiotic effects on the induction of cataracts and other degenerative diseases of the structures and membranes of the eye. Objective research goal was an evaluation of comorbid background in people of different ages with a diagnosis of senile cataract. Material and methods an analysis of the case histories of 173 patients of an independent sample with a diagnosis of "senile cataract" admitted for planned inpatient surgical treatment was carried out. The evaluation was carried out by decades of human life: younger than 40 years old, 41–50 years old, 51–60 years old, 61–70 years old, 71–80 years old and over 80 years old. The Charlson method was used to calculate the comorbidity index. Results patients who had senile cataract and concomitant somatic diseases, the most frequent- diseases of the cardiovascular system – 129 (74.6 %); violation of carbohydrate metabolism – 35 (20.2 %); diseases of the central nervous system – 33 (19.1 %); musculoskeletal system – 30 (17.3 %); diseases of the respiratory system – 19 (11.0 %). Conclusions. 1. A human's age of 51–60 years should be considered critical for the occurrence of senile cataract. 2. In the decade of life 51–60 years, there is an increase in persons with senile cataract by 3.3 and the frequency of concomitant somatic pathology (according to the index of comorbidity) by 2.25. Keywords: senile cataract, age, somatic diseases, index of comorbidity

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Khutoryanina, I. V., and T. I. Tverdohlebova. "Toxocarosis in the South of Russia: epidemiological and environmental aspects." Infekcionnye bolezni 19, no. 2 (2021): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-109-112.

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Toxocarosis is a widespread parasitic infection and a significant healthcare challenge. Humans can be infected through contacts with animals and soil contaminated by eggs of Toxocara сanis. Children aged 3–5 years are particularly vulnerable population because of their active contact with soil. Veterinary specialists, people working in dog shelters, zoos, groceries, and people who have gardens are also at risk of infection. Objective. To analyze the epidemiological situation of toxocarosis in the South of Russia. Materials and methods. The Laboratory of Sanitary and Parasitological Monitoring, Medical Parasitology, and Immunology of Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, has been continuously monitoring the situation with parasitoses in the Southern Federal District for many years. A total of 1,026 samples of soil were collected in 2012–2020. We performed serological and epidemiological examination for toxocarosis among residents of this Federal District. Results. We found that the number of seropositive individuals and soil contamination with the eggs of Toxocara spp. in the Southern Federal District were high and were not consistent with the official figures of toxocarosis incidence. This suggests that the true level of toxocarosis incidence is significantly higher than that officially reported for this territory. Conclusion. Our study confirmed that environment contamination with the eggs of Toxocara spp. is the main risk factor for toxocarosis in humans. Key words: toxocarosis, Toxocara spp., epidemiological situation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sanitary and parasitological examination, soil

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Farooq, Aamir. "Environmental Aspects of Toll Plazas & Vehicular Pollution." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39121.

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Abstract: The study aims to encapsulate the effects of toll plazas on environment. It is intended to outline various environmental aspects that are of serious concern and should be looked upon necessarily to curtail their long term ill effects on environment and humans. The rapid development in urban India has resulted in a tremendous increase in the number of motor vehicles. Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans. Adverse effects range from nausea, difficulty in breathing and skin irritations, birth defects, immunosuppression and cancer. Air pollution, particularly in the form of particulate matter, is a serious challenge in India, and transportation is a significant factor in the nation’s air quality problems. According to the 2017 Global Burden of Disease, some 1.1 million people in India die prematurely each year from diseases directly related to air pollution, making it the fifth leading cause of death in the country. Transportation sources account for approximately a third of PM pollution in India, and a somewhat higher proportion of nitrogen oxides, another set of compounds harmful to human health. Because its vehicle fleet is small relative to its large population, India has very low per capita transportation emissions. But that fleet is growing rapidly: total vehicle sales (including motorcycles) increased from about 10 million in 2007 to over 21 million in2016, and the total number of vehicles on the road is expected to nearly double to about 200 million by 2030. All these situations indicate that air pollution becoming a major problem in Indian context and there is an essential need to build up healthy environment and increase the level of research around the world. The study is based on the case study results from one of the toll plaza’s (KACHKOOT TOLL PLAZA) in j&k,India .. Keywords: (Air pollution, Vehicular emission, Carcinogenicity ,Air Quality Index, Toll, Diseases)

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Spottke, EA, V. Mylius, D. Claus, C. Grothe, D. Heuss, R. Kiefer, T. Klockgether, et al. "PNL12 HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION AND SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES." Value in Health 7, no. 6 (November 2004): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)66117-7.

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Nagy, György, Peter C. Huszthy, Even Fossum, Yrjö Konttinen, Britt Nakken, and Peter Szodoray. "Selected Aspects in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases." Mediators of Inflammation 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/351732.

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Autoimmune processes can be found in physiological circumstances. However, they are quenched with properly functioning regulatory mechanisms and do not evolve into full-blown autoimmune diseases. Once developed, autoimmune diseases are characterized by signature clinical features, accompanied by sustained cellular and/or humoral immunological abnormalities. Genetic, environmental, and hormonal defects, as well as a quantitative and qualitative impairment of immunoregulatory functions, have been shown in parallel to the relative dominance of proinflammatory Th17 cells in many of these diseases. In this review we focus on the derailed balance between regulatory and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Additionally, we depict a cytokine imbalance, which gives rise to a biased T-cell homeostasis. The assessment of Th17/Treg-cell ratio and the simultaneous quantitation of cytokines, may give a useful diagnostic tool in autoimmune diseases. We also depict the multifaceted role of dendritic cells, serving as antigen presenting cells, contributing to the development of the pathognomonic cytokine signature and promote cellular and humoral autoimmune responses. Finally we describe the function and role of extracellular vesicles in particular autoimmune diseases. Targeting these key players of disease progression in patients with autoimmune diseases by immunomodulating therapy may be beneficial in future therapeutic strategies.

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Dozie, Ikechukwu N. S., Celestine O. E. Onwuliri, Bertram E. B. Nwoke, and Viola A. Onwuliri. "Clinical and parasitological aspects of onchocercal skin diseases in Nigeria." Tropical Doctor 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0049475054620626.

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An assessment of onchocercal skin disease (OSD) conducted in 38 rural communities in the Imo River Basin, Nigeria, between March 1999 and September 2000, showed that depigmentation (DPM) was the most prevalent lesion in persons with skin microfilariae (mf) (26.3%), followed by chronic papular onchodermatitis (CPOD) (18.1%) and acute papular onchodermatitis (APOD) (15.5%). There was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in sex-related prevalence of OSD. While CPOD, lichenified onchodermatitis (LOD) and DPM were more prevalent in subjects over 30 years old, APOD was associated more with those aged less than 30 years. OSD occurred with concomitant itching in nearly 50% of subjects. The geometric mean intensity of infection was 13 mf/mg per skin snip.

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Sheikh, Saba, Safia, Ejazul Haque, and Snober S. Mir. "Neurodegenerative Diseases: Multifactorial Conformational Diseases and Their Therapeutic Interventions." Journal of Neurodegenerative Diseases 2013 (December 30, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/563481.

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Neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial debilitating disorders of the nervous system that affect approximately 30 millionindividuals worldwide. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases are the consequence of misfolding and dysfunctional trafficking of proteins. Beside that, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and/or environmental factors strongly associated with age have also been implicated in causing neurodegeneration. After years of intensive research, considerable evidence has accumulated that demonstrates an important role of these factors in the etiology of common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the extensive efforts that have attempted to define the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration, many aspects of these pathologies remain elusive. However, in order to explore the therapeutic interventions directed towards treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, neuroscientists are now fully exploiting the data obtained from studies of these basic mechanisms that have gone awry. The novelty of these mechanisms represents a challenge to the identification of viable drug targets and biomarkers for early diagnosis of the diseases. In this paper, we are reviewing various aspects associated with the disease and the recent trends that may have an application for the treatment of the neurodegenerative disorders.

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Banks, Daniel E. "Clinical Aspects of Asbestos-Related Diseases—What Are the Unresolved Topics?" Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 56 (October 2014): S8—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000000242.

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Coyle, M. B., and B. A. Lipsky. "Coryneform bacteria in infectious diseases: clinical and laboratory aspects." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 3, no. 3 (1990): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.3.3.227-246.1990.

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Modak, Tejashree H., and Marta Gomez-Chiarri. "Contrasting Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotic and Pathogenic Bacteria on Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Larvae." Vaccines 8, no. 4 (October 6, 2020): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040588.

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Several Vibrio spp. cause acute and severe mortality events in hatcheries where larvae of bivalve mollusks are reared, potentially leading to subsequent shortage of bivalve seed for the grow-out industry. In particular, strains of Vibrio coralliilyticus have been identified as a major cause of disease in Pacific, Crassostrea gigas, and eastern, C. virginica, oyster hatcheries in the USA of America. Probiotic bacteria are an inexpensive, practical, and natural method of disease control. Previous research shows that pretreatment of larval oysters with probiotic bacteria Bacillus pumilus RI06–95 (RI) and Phaeobacter inhibens S4 (S4) significantly decreases mortality caused by experimental challenge with the bacterial pathogen V. coralliilyticus RE22 (RE22). This study aims to characterize the immune response of 6–10-day-old eastern oyster larvae to experimental challenge with pathogen V. coralliilyticus RE22 and probionts RI and S4. Treatments included (a) pathogen and probiont exposure at a concentration of 5 × 104 CFU per mL (~2500 bacterial cells per larva) for a duration of 6 h, (b) probiont exposure at the same concentration for a duration of 24 h, and (c) probiont RI daily treatment of larvae in the hatchery for 4, 11, and 15 days. Differential gene expression analysis compared pathogen or probiotic-treated transcriptomes to unexposed controls. Probiotic and pathogen treatment led to upregulation of transcripts coding for several immune pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in environmental sensing and detection of microbes in oyster larvae. Larval oyster responses to pathogen RE22 suggested suppression of expression of genes in immune signaling pathways (myd88, tak1, nkap), failure in upregulation of immune effector genes, high metabolic demand, and oxidative stress that potentially contributed to mortality. On the other hand, the transcriptomic response to probiotic bacteria RI and S4 suggested activation of immune signaling pathways and expression of immune effectors (e.g., Cv-spi2, mucins and perforin-2). These key features of the host immune response to probiotic bacteria were shared despite the length of probiotic exposure, probiotic species, and the type of environment in which exposures were conducted. This study suggests that pre-exposure of eastern oyster larvae to probiotics for 6–24 h prior to pathogenic challenge leads to a robust and effective immune response that may contribute to protecting larvae from subsequent challenge with V. coralliilyticus RE22. This research provides new insights into host-microbe interactions in larval oysters that could be applied in the management of vibriosis in bivalve hatcheries.

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Lapinskaitè, Genovaitè S., and J. S. Bingham. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Lithuania: Some Epidemiological and Social Aspects." International Journal of STD & AIDS 10, no. 10 (October 1999): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462991913097.

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With political, economical and social changes in Lithuania following the break-up of the Soviet Union, the health-care system has changed. The old Soviet system has been abandoned and it has taken time to re-establish a system under the new government. Resources are limited in most aspects of health care, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This has, also limited the development of education packages on STIs which are so important when trying to combat the spread of HIV infection. Notifications of syphilis, in Lithuania, have increased 52 fold between 1990 and 1996 although, since then, the incidence has started to decrease. Syphilis has been more reliably notified than other STIs and serves as the most reliable indicator of STI trends.

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Invernizzi, Federica, Marta Cilla, Silvia Trapani, Maria Guarino, Valentina Cossiga, Martina Gambato, Maria Cristina Morelli, Filomena Morisco, Patrizia Burra, and Annarosa Floreani. "Gender and Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Relevant Aspects in Clinical Practice." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060925.

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Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) include autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. The etiologies of AILD are not well understood but appear to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. AILDs commonly affect young individuals and are characterized by a highly variable clinical course. These diseases significantly influence quality of life and can progress toward liver decompensation or the onset of hepatocellular or cholangiocarcinoma; a significant number of patients eventually progress to end-stage liver disease, requiring liver transplantation. In this review, we focus on the sex characteristics and peculiarities of AILD patients and highlight the relevance of a sex-specific analysis in future studies. Understanding the sex differences underlying AILD immune dysregulation may be critical for developing more effective treatments.

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Paul, John. "Microbiological aspects." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 91, no. 6 (November 1997): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90500-9.

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Sadykhov, F. G. "MODERN ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSTICS OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND." BULLETIN OF SURGERY IN KAZAKHSTAN, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35805/bsk2022iv052.

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Objective.This research ismeant to study the features of the clinical course and to developanoptimal algorithm for the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiddiseases. Material and methods.The work is based on the examination and treatment data of 481 patients with autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, treated in the clinic.Diagnosis and treatment results of 481 patients were analyzed to develop an optimal algorithm for diagnosingautoimmune thyroiditis.The differential diagnostic capabilities of clinical, laboratory, and morphological examination methods of patients withautoimmune thyroiddiseases have been specified.The study of long-term results of treatment was carried out on 340patients, taking into account the various methods of treatment they underwent. Results.The analysis of existing diagnostic tools and methods allowed us to develop an optimal algorithm for diagnosingautoimmune thyroiddiseases, which is a complex of clinical, laboratory, and morphological methods that can reliably verify the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis. Based on the examination results, it is possible to predict the likelihood of surgical treatment and to identify a group of patients in whom autoimmune processes can progress in the thyroid residue, contributing to the development of postoperative recurrence of the disease or causing its atrophy. Conclusion. Based on the study’s results, a rational algorithm for diagnostic search has been developed. The proposed algorithm allows, in the shortest possible time, to identify the presence of a form of autoimmune thyroiddisease and to determine the optimal tactics to treat patients withautoimmune thyroiditis based on clinical, laboratory, immunological tests and instrumental examinations.

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Ahmad, Tauseef, Muhammad Khan, Haroon, Taha Hussein Musa, Saima Nasir, Jin Hui, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales. "COVID-19: Zoonotic aspects." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 36 (July 2020): 101607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101607.

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Klochkova, Irina S., Ludmila I. Astafyeva, Boris A. Kadashev, Yuliya G. Sidneva, and Pavel L. Kalinin. "Pathogenetic aspects of cachexia." Obesity and metabolism 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet10173.

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The relevance of cachexia syndrome is determined by its high prevalence in clinical practice. It accompanies the course of not only oncological diseases, but also the majority of chronic somatic pathologies, such as chronic heart failure, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimers disease and others. It is known that even a slight weight loss in patients can determine an unfavorable prognosis of the underlying disease and reduce the effectiveness of therapy, and sometimes it becomes the direct cause of death of the patient. Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome, which is based on a violation of the central regulation of metabolism. The dangerous combination of decreased appetite (anorexia) and increased metabolism is the result of an imbalance in energy exchange. Treatment of cachexia syndrome is ineffective and limited in means. Given the progressive and irreversible nature of this syndrome, early diagnosis and prevention of its development are the primary task of the doctor. The article describes the main pathogenetic aspects of the development of cachexia syndrome. They can be common in different diseases. The article discusses the difficulties of diagnosing cachexia syndrome, the possibilities and prospects of treatment.

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Savilov, Evgeny D., N. I. Briko, and S. I. Kolesnikov. "EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE PRESENT." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-2-134-139.

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Now there is taken place forming of the new active risk factor contributing to the evolution of the epidemic process, namely, the technogenic environmental pollution as the manifestation of the scientific and technical progress which is closely connected with globalization processes. For the preservation of the own species for all history of the development, the human was to force to adapt to regular impact on the habitat of the negative natural factors promoting global changes of climatic conditions surrounding it. However, this feature cannot actively be shown to technogenic risk factors because this influence not only constantly changes, but also continuously increases at the expense of the constantly increasing number of the alien chemicals coming to the biosphere. Environmental pollution by industrial wastes results in significant differences in levels of the incidence of infectious diseases with its higher rates in territories of ecological trouble. Besides, in ecologically unfavorable conditions the instability of development of the epidemic process is revealed (shortening of long-term cycles and considerably bigger fluctuation band of incidence concerning the line of a trend in the years of its cyclical upswings). Technogenic pollution leads to a more severe clinical course of the infectious process, its longer duration, more frequent occurrence of complications, synchronization of process and lengthening of the convalescence period, promotes comorbidity formation. In ecologically unfavorable conditions the level of collective immunity against infections controlled with immune preventive measures in almost healthy children of school age is significantly lower, than in comparison group, which reduces the epidemiological efficiency of vaccine prevention. In the urbanized territories also a change of degree of pathogenicity takes place due to an increase in resistance of pathogens to antibacterial drugs that provide infections advantage for more wide circulation and promotes the growth of infectious pathology. All above-stated has allowed concretizing in the presented review its purpose as displays of an infectious pathology on organismal and population levels in the conditions of technogenic environmental contamination.

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Czerwaty, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Piszczatowska, Jacek Brzost, Nils Ludwig, Mirosław J. Szczepański, and Karolina Dżaman. "Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis." Diagnostics 12, no. 10 (September 29, 2022): 2361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102361.

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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is related to persistent inflammation with a dysfunctional relationship between environmental agents and the host immune system. Disturbances in the functioning of the sinus mucosa lead to common clinical symptoms. The major processes involved in the pathogenesis of CRS include airway epithelial dysfunctions that are influenced by external and host-derived factors which activate multiple immunological mechanisms. The molecular bases for CRS remain unclear, although some factors commonly correspond to the disease: bacterial, fungal and viral infections, comorbidity diseases, genetic dysfunctions, and immunodeficiency. Additionally, air pollution leads increased severity of symptoms. CRS is a heterogeneous group of sinus diseases with different clinical courses and response to treatment. Immunological pathways vary depending on the endotype or genotype of the patient. The recent knowledge expansion into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CRS is leading to a steadily increasing significance of precision medicine in the treatment of CRS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the immunological aspects of CRS, which are essential for ensuring more effective treatment strategies.

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Ling, Oliver Hoon Leh, Siti Nur Afiqah Mohamed Musthafa, Muhammad Solahuddin Hamzah, Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi, and Nurul Ashikin Mabahwi. "Health and Physical Activity in Urban Neighbourhoods. Case Study: Shah Alam City, Selangor, Malaysia." Built Environment Journal 17, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v17i2.8438.

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Environmental health is referring to the health of people in relation to environmental quality. Due to rapid urbanisation, more people are living in urban neighbourhoods. Urban planning and design aspects including the neighbourhood environment are potentially affecting the human healthy lifestyle and health condition. Thus, the relationship between Malaysian neighbourhood environmental aspects and human health has become the concern of this research. One of the neighbourhood units in Shah Alam city had been chosen as the study area for this purpose. Questionnaire survey had been carried out to examine the health condition and physical activeness of residents. Besides, the perception of residents on the quality of neighbourhood environmental aspects also had been collected in the questionnaire survey. The health condition of residents was measured by non-communicable diseases (NCD) and the physical activeness was measured in duration as well as the frequency of physical exercise activities. The study found that the quality of neighbourhood environmental aspects significantly increased the physical activeness of respondents. The physical activeness was positively associated with human health as measured in NCD (heart diseases and high blood pressure, HBP). It shows that neighbourhood environmental (physical and social) aspects are potentially affecting the healthy life of people living in the neighbourhood.Keywords: Healthy life, Neighbourhood environment, Non-communicable diseases (NCD), Physical activeness, Quality.

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Chuprov, A. D., and E. K. Malgina. "Modern Aspects of Etiopathogenetic Treatment of Ophthalmodemodicosis (Literature Review)." Ophthalmology in Russia 15, no. 2S (July 28, 2018): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2018-2s-281-285.

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Demodicosis is one of most spread dermatosis. Blepharitis of Demodectic etiology occupy from 39 to 88% among all inflammatory diseases of the eyelids. The disease is widespread, 89% of patients are parasite carriers, despite the fact that most of them do not feel any manifestations of this pathology. The effect of predisposing factors such as chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver, endocrine pathology, undernutrition, unhealthy habits etc. promote the development of Demodicosis. According to some authors, the mite of Demodex genus is a potentially pathogenic saprophyte microorganism, showing its pathogenic activity under certain conditions. According to Russian studies, infection with Demodex is up to 92%, but it is not always Demodicosis, the manifestations of it depend not only on the number of individuals, but also on the state of immunodefence. In recent years, cases of mite detection in humans have increased. Perhaps, this is facilitated by the environmental problem associated with environmental pollution, including air pollution, and the growth of chronic diseases, especially digestive diseases, endocrine diseases — diabetes mellitus. The reason for this, as a rule, is an unhealthy way of life and nutrition. Despite the variety of drugs with specific and symptomatic effect, the treatment of eye Demodicosis is ineffective. This is caused by the duration of therapy, noncompliance of treatment and hygiene standards, the prescription of symptomatic drugs that do not have acaricidal action, the lack of chronic diseases treatment, and the need for comprehensive treatment of eye Demodicosis by an ophthalmologist and facial skin — by a dermatologist. The lack of knowledge of etiopathogenesis and the insufficient effectiveness of Demodex therapy methods contribute to its chronically recurrent course with impairment of the severity of clinical manifestations and are a significant psychotraumatic factor for patients that leads to the development of psychoasthenic state and neuroses and indicates the medico-social significance of the problem of this Dermatosis.

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Martínez-Pulgarín, Dayron F., Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury, Wilmer E. Villamil-Gomez, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, Gabriela M. Blohm, and Alberto E. Paniz-Mondolfi. "Ophthalmologic aspects of chikungunya infection." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 14, no. 5 (September 2016): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.05.008.

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Schmidt, Ulrike, Florian Holsboer, and Theo Rein. "Epigenetic Aspects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Disease Markers 30, no. 2-3 (2011): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/343616.

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Development of psychiatric diseases such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) invokes, as with most complex diseases, both genetic and environmental factors. The era of genome-wide high throughput technologies has sparked the initiation of genotype screenings in large cohorts of diseased and control individuals, but had limited success in identification of disease causing genetic variants. It has become evident that these efforts at the genomic level need to be complemented with endeavours in elucidating the proteome, transcriptome and epigenetic profiles. Epigenetics is attractive in particular because there is accumulating evidence that the lasting impact of adverse life events is reflected in certain covalent modifications of the chromatin.In this review, we outline the characteristics of PTSD as a stress-related disease and survey recent developments revealing epigenetic aspects of stress-related disorders in general. There is also increasing direct evidence for gene programming and epigenetic components in PTSD. Finally, we discuss treatment options in the light of recent discoveries of epigenetic mechanisms of psychotropic drugs.

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Despommier, Dickson. "Toxocariasis: Clinical Aspects, Epidemiology, Medical Ecology, and Molecular Aspects." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 16, no. 2 (April 2003): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.16.2.265-272.2003.

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SUMMARY Toxocariasis is caused by a series of related nematode species (ascarids) that routinely infect dogs and cats throughout the world. The eggs from these ascarids are common environmental contaminants of human habitation, due largely to the fact that many kinds of dogs and cats serve as pets, while countless others run wild throughout the streets of most urban centers. The eggs, present in dog and cat feces, become infectious within weeks after they are deposited in the local environment (e.g., sandboxes, city parks, and public beaches, etc.). Humans, particularly children, frequently ingest these eggs by accident and become infected. Infection in humans, in contrast to their definitive hosts, remains occult, often resulting in disease caused by the migrating larval stages. Visceral larva migrans (VLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM) are two clinical manifestations that result in definable syndromes and present as serious health problems wherever they occur. Diagnosis and treatment of VLM and OLM are difficult. These issues are summarized in this review, with emphasis on the ecology of transmission and control of spread to both humans and animals through public health initiatives employing treatment of pets and environmental intervention strategies that limit the areas that dogs and cats are allowed within the confines of urban centers.

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Payton, Laura, and Damien Tran. "Moonlight cycles synchronize oyster behaviour." Biology Letters 15, no. 1 (January 2019): 20180299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0299.

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Organisms possess endogenous clock mechanisms that are synchronized to external cues and orchestrate biological rhythms. Internal timing confers the advantage of being able to anticipate environmental cycles inherent in life on Earth and to prepare accordingly. Moonlight-entrained rhythms are poorly described, being much less investigated than circadian and circannual rhythms synchronized by sunlight. Yet focus on these lunar rhythms is highly relevant to understanding temporal organization of biological processes. Here, we investigate moonlight cycle effects on valve activity behaviour of the oyster Crassostrea gigas . Our results show that oysters modulate valve behaviour according to both intensity and direction of the lunar illumination cycle. As a consequence, valve opening amplitude is significantly increased at third quarter Moons (decreasing lunar illumination) compared with first quarter Moons (increasing lunar illumination) despite identical lunar illumination, and this indicates that oyster modulation of valve behaviour by moonlight cycles is not a direct response to lunar illumination. We propose that oysters use moonlight cycles to synchronize behaviour and also other physiological and ecological aspects of this benthic mollusc bivalve.

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Bezrukova, Galina A., Vladimir F. Spirin, and Tamara A. Novikova. "Current aspects of occupational hearing loss in agricultural workers." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 1109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-10-1109-1114.

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Introduction. Agricultural workers belong to the cohort of increased risk of developing occupational hearing loss (OHL). When studying occupational sensorineural hearing loss (SHL), researchers usually limit themselves to stating its share in the structure of occupational diseases without a comprehensive analysis of the initiating occupational factors and the relationship between the development of the disease with the age of employees and occupational experience. Materials and methods. The study is based on data on working conditions and occupational diseases by type of economic activity “Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming” in the Saratov region from 2000 to 2019. The assessment of the factors of working conditions was carried out using the methods of the current hygienic classification. Generally accepted indicators were used to characterize occupational diseases. Linear regression analysis and polynomial equations were used to describe trend models of the prevalence of occupational diseases. Calculations and data analysis was carried out based on Microsoft Excel and Statistica application software packages. Results. Occupational hearing loss occupied the fourth rank after dorsopathies, vibration disease and chronic brucellosis in the nosological structure of accumulated occupational diseases. The level of primary incidence of SHL was in the range of 0.11 - 0.71 per 10000 workers. All cases of OHL were detected in agricultural machine operators whose harmful working conditions were characterized by a synergy of industrial noise (classes 3.1-3.3) and general vibration (classes 2-3.2). For the most part, SHL was diagnosed in workers aged 50 to 60 years with a work experience of 8 to 42 years in the profession and acted as the second or third concomitant occupational disease associated with dorsopathy, vibration disease or bronchopulmonary diseases. Conclusion. The absence of a statistically significant decrease in the level of PPP among agricultural workers during the observation period indicates the insufficient effectiveness of preventive measures to minimise occupational noise exposure.

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Wray, C., and J. A. Morris. "Aspects of colibacillosis in farm animals." Journal of Hygiene 95, no. 3 (December 1985): 577–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002217240006068x.

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It has been known for a considerable time thatEscherichia coli, although a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract, can also be associated with a variety of pathological conditions in man, farm animals and poultry.When Escherich (1885) isolated from the faeces of a newborn baby an organism which is now accepted asE. coli, he considered it to be a harmless saprophyte. Laruelle (1889) was the first to suggest the possible pathogenicity of this organism, while Jensen (1893) showed that it was the cause of white scour in calves. The development of reliable serological methods facilitated the differentiation of strains and numerous workers have demonstrated an association between certain serological types ofE. coliand various disease conditions in animals. Enteric diseases in young animals are an important cause of mortality and economic loss to the farming community.

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Kot-Bryćko, Katarzyna, and Franciszek Pietraszkiewicz. "Psychological Aspects of Ostaoarthritis." Polish Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8910.

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Osteoarthritis is the commonest condition affecting joints. The number of patients suffering from joint pain and progressive disability has been growing, especially in the most developed countries. It is also the major cause of pain and deterioration of the patient’s quality of life, being among the 10 diseases worldwide, generating the highest social costs. Pain and disability, often leading to permanent disability entail numerous adverse consequences, not only of physical ones but also of psychological and social nature. The feeling of loneliness, helplessness and uselessness as well as anxiety and depression symptoms significantly affect the patient’s quality of life which should be perceived in multiple aspects in order to achieve the expected success in treatment. The need for holistic approach to frequently long-lasting treatment of a somatic condition, requiring treatment of concomitant mental disorders (anxiety, depression, etc.) is rarely implemented in practice, even if the disorders are properly diagnosed. However, good communication between the patient and the physician is a nonspecific factor in the course of treatment, which affects the patient’s motivation to undergo treatment and full adherence to physician’s recommendation. Regretfully. Despite the progress in the knowledge of the incidence of mental disorders and chronic conditions (including osteoarthritis) and implementation of this knowledge to standard medical procedures, in practice these recommendations are marginally followed, both by the therapists and patients themselves.

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Delisle, Lizenn, Marianna Pauletto, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Bruno Petton, Luca Bargelloni, Caroline Montagnani, Fabrice Pernet, Charlotte Corporeau, and Elodie Fleury. "High temperature induces transcriptomic changes in Crassostrea gigas that hinder progress of ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1) and promote survival." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 20 (August 17, 2020): jeb226233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.226233.

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ABSTRACTOf all environmental factors, seawater temperature plays a decisive role in triggering marine diseases. Like fever in vertebrates, high seawater temperature could modulate the host response to pathogens in ectothermic animals. In France, massive mortality of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, caused by the ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is markedly reduced when temperatures exceed 24°C in the field. In the present study we assess how high temperature influences the host response to the pathogen by comparing transcriptomes (RNA sequencing) during the course of experimental infection at 21°C (reference) and 29°C. We show that high temperature induced host physiological processes that are unfavorable to the viral infection. Temperature influenced the expression of transcripts related to the immune process and increased the transcription of genes related to the apoptotic process, synaptic signaling and protein processes at 29°C. Concomitantly, the expression of genes associated with catabolism, metabolite transport, macromolecule synthesis and cell growth remained low from the first stage of infection at 29°C. Moreover, viral entry into the host might have been limited at 29°C by changes in extracellular matrix composition and protein abundance. Overall, these results provide new insights into how environmental factors modulate host–pathogen interactions.

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Tamponi, Claudia, Stephane Knoll, Gabriele Tosciri, Francesco Salis, Giorgia Dessì, Maria Grazia Cappai, Antonio Varcasia, and Antonio Scala. "Environmental Contamination by Dog Feces in Touristic Areas of Italy: Parasitological Aspects and Zoonotic Hazards." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103, no. 3 (September 2, 2020): 1143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0169.

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Maleyev, V. V. "Selected aspects of infectious disease evolution in the modern world." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 27, no. 4 (August 14, 2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2020-27-4-18-26.

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The article presents current views on the evolution of infectious processes and the role of infectious diseases in global healthcare. The reversion of the main components of epidemic processes leads to an atypical course of many infectious diseases and to the emergence of new transmission pathways. Urbanisation, global climate change, agroindustrial boost, migration waves and other factors provoked a cross-border expansion of many wild focal infections across countries and continents. The high morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases are determined by novel and “resurrecting” infections. The possibility of appearing both epidemic and pandemic outbreaks of emergent infections is as relevant as ever.In this context, the impact of modern scientiﬁc achievements on environmental microbiotic associations and human microbiome, as well as safety of medical technologies, is of paramount importance.Despite current progress in the drug therapy of infectious diseases, a serious emerging challenge is ampliﬁed antimicrobial resistance and drug interference.

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Guiguet Leal, Diego Averaldo, Mirna Aparecida Pereira, Regina Maura Bueno Franco, Nilson Branco, and RomeuCantusio Neto. "First report of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae) and cockles (Tivela mactroides) in Brazil." Journal of Water and Health 6, no. 4 (March 1, 2008): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2008.065.

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The consumption of oysters and cockles, which are usually eaten raw or lightly-cooked, can cause outbreaks of human diseases, especially if these shellfish are harvested from polluted areas. In Brazil data about the occurrence of pathogens, like hepatitis A virus, in shellfish have been reported but research on natural contamination for pathogenic protozoa is still non-existent. Cryptosporidium oocyst contamination of oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae) and cockles (Tivela mactroides) was evaluated during two different periods in a coastal area from São Paulo, Brazil. From June to November 2005, and from July to December 2006, 180 mollusks were harvested for tissue examination. The gills and gastrointestinal tract (n = 36 pools) were carefully extracted from the animals and homogenized in a tissue homogenizer by adding surfactant Tween 80 (0.1%). Immunofluorescence assays were performed and Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 50.0% of gill pools of cockles and 10.0% of gill pools of oysters. In order to evaluate seawater quality in shellfish growing areas, total levels of thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and enterococci were determined. This is the first time that Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in shellfish from the coastal region of Brazil, and to the best of our knowledge it is also the first report in Latin America and the case might be of public health importance, reflecting the extension of the contamination on seafood, requiring a need for quality control standards.

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Devrishov, Ruslan D., Vladimir V. Kolomin, Vladimir N. Filyaev, and Irina A. Kudryasheva. "Hygienic aspects of influence of environmental factors on formation of schoolchildren’s health." I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 27, no. 4 (January 11, 2020): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj2019274530-535.

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In the article materials showing the growing influence of both school and extra-school factors on health of children and adolescents are presented. Special attention is given to the main classes of school-related diseases. Aim. To justify reasonability of studying this problem in Astrakhan within the frames of complex approach to application of health-saving technologies. Conclusion. Problems described in the article are characteristic of practically any region of Russia, in this connection a significant number of studies are carried out in Astrakhan region devoted to issues of protection of childrens health and to investigation of exposure of children to environmental factors. With this, absence of works on evaluation of complex use of health-saving technologies in terms of their influence on health of schoolchildren, permits to consider such hygienic studies actual.

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Pandey, Chandra M. "Statistical Aspects of Community Health and Nutrition." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02.032.

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One of the most common problems with the area of health and nutritional research is the limited number of quality books available that can provide research methodology, health indicators and their trend in a single volume. Statistical Aspects of Community Health and Nutrition is a one of the problem-based text book which completely fulfils the gap and stands to our expectations. This book is a single but comprehensive resource on maternal and infant mortality, anemia especially in adolescents and women in reproductive age group and, their causes, prevention, evaluation and validation methods including 30 clusters design, logistic regression and findings of recent relevant studies. Despite above, author also discusses the food insecurity and hunger, tuberculosis, influenza like prevalent diseases, their hotspot and available estimates, techniques for analyzing multiple response data, and small area estimation.

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KRUGMAN, S. "Hepatitis B: Historical aspects." American Journal of Infection Control 17, no. 3 (June 1989): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(89)90211-3.

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Crompton, D. W. T. "Nutritional aspects of infection." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 80, no. 5 (January 1986): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(86)90368-8.

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Hanaei, Sara, Sina Abdollahzade, Alireza Khoshnevisan, Christopher K. Kepler, and Nima Rezaei. "Genetic aspects of intervertebral disc degeneration." Reviews in the Neurosciences 26, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 581–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2014-0077.

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AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the common causes of low back pain. Similar to many other multifactorial diseases, it is affected by environmental and genetic factors. Although not completely understood, genetic factors include a wide spectrum of variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, which could play a significant role in the etiology of this disease. Besides, the interactions with environmental factors could make the role of genetic factors more complicated. Genetic variations in disc components could participate in developing degenerative disc disease through altering the normal homeostasis of discs. Gene polymorphisms in disc proteins (collagens I, II, III, IX, and XI), proteoglycans (aggrecan), cytokines (interleukins I, VI, and X), enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases II, III, and IX), and vitamin D receptor seem to play considerable roles in the pathology of this disease. There are also many other investigated genes that could somehow take part in the process. However, it seems that more studies are needed to clarify the exact role of genetics in IVDD.

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Monteiro, Thamillys R. M., Katarine S. Rocha, Jacqueline Silva, Gleiciane S. S. Mesquita, Marcely K. S. Rosário, Maeli F. S. Ferreira, Betsy E. T. Honorio, et al. "Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Crassostrea spp. oysters cultured in an estuarine region in eastern Amazon." Zoonoses and Public Health 66, no. 3 (January 27, 2019): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zph.12564.

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Luz, Saturnino, and Masood Masoodian. "Exploring Environmental and Geographical Factors Influencing the Spread of Infectious Diseases with Interactive Maps." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 9990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169990.

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Environmental problems due to human activities such as deforestation, urbanisation, and large scale intensive farming are some of the major factors behind the rapid spread of many infectious diseases. This in turn poses significant challenges not only in as regards providing adequate healthcare, but also in supporting healthcare workers, medical researchers, policy makers, and others involved in managing infectious diseases. These challenges include surveillance, tracking of infections, communication of public health knowledge and promotion of behavioural change. Behind these challenges lies a complex set of factors which include not only biomedical and population health determinants but also environmental, climatic, geographic, and socioeconomic variables. While there is broad agreement that these factors are best understood when considered in conjunction, aggregating and presenting diverse information sources requires effective information systems, software tools, and data visualisation. In this article, we argue that interactive maps, which couple geographical information systems and advanced information visualisation techniques, provide a suitable unifying framework for coordinating these tasks. Therefore, we examine how interactive maps can support spatial epidemiological visualisation and modelling involving distributed and dynamic data sources and incorporating temporal aspects of disease spread. Combining spatial and temporal aspects can be crucial in such applications. We discuss these issues in the context of support for disease surveillance in remote regions, utilising tools that facilitate distributed data collection and enable multidisciplinary collaboration, while also providing support for simulation and data analysis. We show that interactive maps deployed on a combination of mobile devices and large screens can provide effective means for collection, sharing, and analysis of health data.

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Sobczyk, Mateusz, Paulina Oleksa, Piotr Wójcik, Daria Żuraw, Monika Rogowska, and Małgorzata Słaboń. "Positive and negative aspects of sauna bathing – current knowledge status." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, no. 9 (September 23, 2021): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.09.064.

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Introduction: Sauna bathing as a health-promoting activity has been known to mankind for millennia. Sauna session, which consists of alternate overheating and then rapidly cooling the body, has a beneficial effect on the health of the body confirmed by scientific research. In the last few decades, sauna bathing has become more available due to the growing market of recreational services such as water parks and sauna parks. Regular use of sauna bathing reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, mental stress, accelerates the process of regeneration after physical exertion, as well as increases resistance to the harmful effects of certain environmental factors. Despite the health benefits known for many years, the physiological mechanisms occurring in the body during sauna sessions still remain unknown. Sauna bathing treatments can be an effective complement to the process of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory tract diseases, skin diseases and many others. Material and methods: A literature analysis on sauna bathing was carried out within the Pubmed and Google scholar platforms. The following keywords were used in search: sauna bathing, infrared sauna, cardiovascular diseases. Purpose of the work: The aim of the following analysis is to present a historical outline of the use of sauna bathing, the health aspect, risks and the assumptions and indicating an important need for further research into the effects of sauna bathing on the body.

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Bista, A., T. N. Joshi, K. Biswokarma, and S. Yadav. "Agronomic and Environmental Aspects of Conservation Agriculture on Wheat Crop Production." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i2.24637.

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the major vegetable crops of Nepal. Potato is grown all over the globe and consumed as either vegetable or staple food depending upon the crop production scenario. It is also an integral part of human diet. Potato is a high nutrient mining crop and needs higher fertilization for economic tuber production. Despite sufficient application of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P2O5), low replenishment and widespread potassium deficiency are limiting the potato production in Nepalese condition. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll% was positively correlated with potassium application. Potassium alleviated stresses of frost and drought and reduced incidence of diseases like late blight, black scurf and hollow heart. Potassium also decreased the reducing sugar content and improved chips color and quality. Similarly, potassium application before harvest was found to increase storage life of potato tubers. Furthermore, potassium application significantly increased the yield of potato tubers and quality parameters such as Vitamin C content and specific gravity. Source of potassium and method of potassium application also affected growth, yield and quality parameters. Soil application of potassium in splits coupled with foliar spay was found to perform better. Optimum dose of potassium was recommended for economic tuber production Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 161-166

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Sholeh, Muhammad, Pranoto, Sri Budiastuti, and Sutarno. "Community Perspective on Environmental Pollution in the Citarum River, Karawang-West Java." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.35.

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The use of polluted Citarum River water can cause various diseases, including diarrhea, skin diseases, respiratory infections, etc. This study examines the causes of Citarum River pollution in terms of how residents care about environmental conservation aspects of the Citarum River. The researchers used qualitative methods using questionnaires to explore public perceptions. This method explores four perceptions covering four main aspects: public perception, community participation, socio-economic community, and sanitation waste aspects. Questionnaire analysis with a bivariate statistical test approach and Cronbach's alpha test has the advantage of being able to clearly describe the updated condition of the Citarum River because the data can be justified. After all, it has a high level of confidence of around 95 percent. The results showed that in terms of public perception of the Citarum River, 68% were good, while in terms of community participation in preserving the Citarum River, 26% of the people also participated well, and 32% participated moderately in the maintenance of the Citarum River. As many as 42% of the community consisting of 27% less participate and 15% do not participate. The results of the questionnaire Socio-economy of the Citarum River community are classified as having a fairly good economic condition 59% and a moderate category 41%. The waste and sanitation questionnaire results showed that public awareness about waste and sanitation was also high. 45% percent of the community has a good awareness of the environment around the Citarum River, and 38% have sufficient awareness.

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Achard, Thomas. "Some Aspects of Iodine Deficiency in Nepal." Tropical Doctor 17, no. 1 (January 1987): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947558701700104.

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Jarolímek, Jan, and Pavel Urban. "Twenty Year Development of Occupational Diseases in the Czech Republic: Medical and Geographical Aspects." Central European Journal of Public Health 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a4063.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Crassostrea – Diseases – Environmental aspects'

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