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Journal articles on the topic 'CRASP'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hammerschmidt, Claudia, Teresia Hallström, Christine Skerka, Reinhard Wallich, Brian Stevenson, Peter F. Zipfel, and Peter Kraiczy. "Contribution of the Infection-Associated Complement Regulator-Acquiring Surface Protein 4 (ErpC) to Complement Resistance ofBorrelia burgdorferi." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/349657.

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Borrelia burgdorferievades complement-mediated killing by interacting with complement regulators through distinct complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins (CRASPs). Here, we extend our analyses to the contribution of CRASP-4 in mediating complement resistance ofB. burgdorferiand its interaction with human complement regulators. CRASP-4 (also known as ErpC) was immobilized onto magnetic beads and used to capture proteins from human serum. Following Western blotting, factor H (CFH), CFH-related protein 1 (CFHR1), CFHR2, and CFHR5 were identified as ligands of CRASP-4. To analyze the impact of native CRASP-4 on mediating survival of serum-sensitive cells in human serum, aB. gariniistrain was generated that ectopically expresses CRASP-4. CRASP-4-producing bacteria bound CFHR1, CFHR2, and CFHR5 but not CFH. In addition, transformed spirochetes deposited significant amounts of lethal complement components on their surface and were susceptible to human serum, thus indicating that CRASP-4 plays a subordinate role in complement resistance ofB. burgdorferi.

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Wallich, Reinhard, Joseph Pattathu, Veronique Kitiratschky, Christiane Brenner, Peter F. Zipfel, Volker Brade, Markus M. Simon, and Peter Kraiczy. "Identification and Functional Characterization of Complement Regulator-Acquiring Surface Protein 1 of the Lyme Disease Spirochetes Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 4 (April 2005): 2351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.4.2351-2359.2005.

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ABSTRACT Complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1 (CRASP-1) is the dominant factor-H-like protein 1 (FHL-1)- and factor-H-binding protein of Borrelia burgdorferi and is suggested to contribute to persistence of the pathogen. The prototype CRASP-1 of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (CRASP-1Bb) has been formerly characterized. As shown recently, serum-resistant Borrelia afzelii strains express a unique FHL-1 and factor H-binding protein, designated CRASP-1Ba. Here, we describe for the first time the isolation and functional characterization of the gene encoding the full-length CRASP-1Ba of 28 kDa, which, upon processing, is predicted to be 26.4 kDa. CPASP-1Ba of B. afzelii spirochetes is associated with a genetic locus encoding the orthologous gbb54 gene family that maps to the linear plasmid of approximately 54 kb. Ligand affinity blotting techniques demonstrate that both native and recombinant CRASP-1Ba molecules strongly bind to FHL-1 and much more weakly to factor H. The FHL-1 and factor-H-binding site in CRASP-1Ba is shown to be localized to a 12-amino-acid residue domain at the C terminus of the protein. For comparison, the corresponding cspA-like gene(s) of a serum-sensitive Borrelia garinii strain has also been cloned and characterized. Most notably, two CRASP-1-related B. garinii proteins were identified; however, both molecules bind only weakly to FHL-1 and not at all to factor H. The present identification of the binding site of CRASP-1Ba represents an important step forward in our understanding of the pathogenesis of Lyme disease and may be helpful to design therapeutic regimens to interfere with complement evasion strategies of human pathogenic Borrelia strains.

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3

von Lackum, Kate, Jennifer C. Miller, Tomasz Bykowski, Sean P. Riley, Michael E. Woodman, Volker Brade, Peter Kraiczy, Brian Stevenson, and Reinhard Wallich. "Borrelia burgdorferi Regulates Expression of Complement Regulator-Acquiring Surface Protein 1 during the Mammal-Tick Infection Cycle." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 11 (November 2005): 7398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.11.7398-7405.2005.

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ABSTRACT During the natural mammal-tick infection cycle, the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi comes into contact with components of the alternative complement pathway. B. burgdorferi, like many other human pathogens, has evolved the immune evasion strategy of binding two host-derived fluid-phase regulators of complement, factor H and factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1). The borrelial complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1 (CRASP-1) is a surface-exposed lipoprotein that binds both factor H and FHL-1. Analysis of CRASP-1 expression during the mammal-tick infectious cycle indicated that B. burgdorferi expresses this protein during mammalian infection, supporting the hypothesized role for CRASP-1 in immune evasion. However, CRASP-1 synthesis was repressed in bacteria during colonization of vector ticks. Analysis of cultured bacteria indicated that CRASP-1 is differentially expressed in response to changes in pH. Comparisons of CRASP-1 expression patterns with those of other infection-associated B. burgdorferi proteins, including the OspC, OspA, and Erp proteins, indicated that each protein is regulated through a unique mechanism.

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4

Kraiczy, Peter, Christine Skerka, Volker Brade, and Peter F. Zipfel. "Further Characterization of Complement Regulator-Acquiring Surface Proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 7800–7809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.12.7800-7809.2001.

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ABSTRACT The three genospecies Borrelia burgdorferi,Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia afzelii, all causative agents of Lyme disease, differ in their susceptibilities to human complement-mediated lysis. We recently reported that serum resistance of borrelias correlates largely with their ability to bind the human complement regulators FHL-1/reconectin and factor H. To date, two complement regulator-acquiring-proteins (CRASP-1 and CRASP-2) have been identified in serum-resistant B.afzelii isolates (P. Kraiczy, C. Skerka, M. Kirschfink, V. Brade, and P. F. Zipfel, Eur. J. Immunol. 31:1674–1684, 2001). Here, we present a comprehensive study of the CRASPs detectable in both serum-resistant and intermediate serum-sensitive B. afzelii and B. burgdorferi isolates. These CRASPs were designated according to the genospecies either as BaCRASPs, when derived fromB. afzelii, or as BbCRASPs, for proteins identified in B. burgdorferi isolates. Each borrelial isolate expresses distinct CRASPs that can be differentiated by their mobility and binding phenotypes. A detailed comparison reveals overlapping and even identical binding profiles for BaCRASP-1 (27.5 kDa), BbCRASP-1 (25.9 kDa), and BbCRASP-2 (23.2 kDa), which bind FHL-1/reconectin strongly and interact weakly with factor H. In contrast, two B. afzelii proteins (BaCRASP-4 [19.2 kDa] and BaCRASP-5 [22.5 kDa]) and three B. burgdorferi proteins (BbCRASP-3 [19.8 kDa], BbCRASP-4 [18.5 kDa], and BbCRASP-5 [17.7 kDa]) bind factor H but not FHL-1/reconectin. Most CRASPs bind both human immune regulators at their C-terminal ends. Temperature-dependent up-regulation of CRASPs (BaCRASP-1, BaCRASP-2, and BaCRASP-5) is detected in low-passage borrelias cultured at 33 or 37°C compared with those cultured at 20°C. The characterization of the individual CRASPs on the molecular level is expected to identify new virulence factors and potential vaccine candidates.

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5

Rossmann, Evelyn, Veronique Kitiratschky, Heidelore Hofmann, Peter Kraiczy, Markus M. Simon, and Reinhard Wallich. "Borrelia burgdorferi Complement Regulator-Acquiring Surface Protein 1 of the Lyme Disease Spirochetes Is Expressed in Humans and Induces Antibody Responses Restricted to Nondenatured Structural Determinants." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 12 (September 25, 2006): 7024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01028-06.

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ABSTRACT Borrelia burgdorferi complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1 (CRASP-1), the dominant factor H and FHL-1-binding protein of the Lyme disease spirochete B. burgdorferi, is implicated in pathogen persistence and was recently reported to be nonimmunogenic in humans. Here we show that serum samples from Lyme disease patients contain antibodies with exclusive specificity for nondenatured structural determinants of CRASP-1.

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6

Li, Yiming, Aike Guo, and Hao Li. "CRASP: CFP reconstitution across synaptic partners." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 469, no. 3 (January 2016): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.011.

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7

Baggs, James, Kelly M. Hatfield, Hannah Wolford, Babatunde Olubajo, Sujan Reddy, Natalie McCarthy, Prabasaj Paul, et al. "916. National Estimates of the Proportion of Bacterial Pathogens Expressing Resistant Phenotypes in US Hospitals, 2012-2017." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S492—S493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1104.

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Abstract Background In 2019, CDC updated national estimates of antibiotic resistance. In this abstract we provide national estimates of and trends in proportion of bacterial pathogens expressing resistant phenotypes (%R), specifically: MRSA, VRE, CRE, ESBL, CRAsp, and MDR Pseudomonas, see Figure. Methods We measured incidence of clinical cultures yielding the bacterial species of interest among hospitalized adults in hospitals submitting data to the Premier Healthcare Database, Cerner Health Facts and BD Insights Research Database from 2012- 2017. Community-onset (CO) cultures were obtained ≤ day 3 of hospitalization; hospital-onset (HO) were obtained ≥ day 4. We determined hospital-specific %R for each species. We generated national estimates using a raking procedure to generate weighted adjustments to match the distribution for all U.S. acute care hospitals based on U.S. census division, bed size, teaching status, and urban/rural designation. We applied a weighted means survey procedure to calculate national estimates for each year. We used weighted multivariable logistic regression adjusting for hospital characteristics to examine trends. Results From 2012-2017, the overall number of hospitals contributing data was 890 (over 20% of U.S. hospital hospitalizations annually). National estimates and trends of %R are shown in the Figure. Between 2012-2017, significant annual decreases in %R were observed for MRSA, VRE, CRAsp, and MDR Pseudomonas. CRE %R did not change. Overall ESBL %R increased by 44% (CO=49% increase, HO=27% increase). Conclusion Reductions in %R were observed among MRSA, VRE, CRAsp, and MDR Pseudomonas, suggesting that prevention efforts focused in health care settings are having a disproportionate effect on resistant strains. However, %R remains unacceptably high for all pathogens we studied, and %R among ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae has increased, most prominently among CO infections. Continued focus on currently recommended intervention strategies as well as new ones for community onset infections is needed. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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8

Hammerschmidt, C., C. Skerka, B. Stevenson, P. Zipfel, and P. Kraiczy. "Role of CRASP-4 in complement resistance of B. burgdorferi." Molecular Immunology 48, no. 14 (August 2011): 1697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2011.06.317.

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9

Kupka, Danny, Shanshan Luo, Uta-Christina Hippler, Ralf Hoffmann, Bernhard Hube, Stefan Rupp, and Peter F. Zipfel. "Candida albicans CRASP binds anaphylatoxin C3a and inhibits C3a mediated immune effector functions." Molecular Immunology 47, no. 13 (August 2010): 2243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2010.05.140.

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10

Afonnikov, D. A., and N. A. Kolchanov. "CRASP: a program for analysis of coordinated substitutions in multiple alignments of protein sequences." Nucleic Acids Research 32, Web Server (July 1, 2004): W64—W68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh451.

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11

Kraiczy, Peter, Kristina Hartmann, Jens Hellwage, Christine Skerka, Michael Kirschfink, Volker Brade, Peter F. Zipfel, Reinhard Wallich, and Brian Stevenson. "Immunological characterization of the complement regulator factor H-binding CRASP and Erp proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi." International Journal of Medical Microbiology Supplements 293 (April 2004): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1433-1128(04)80029-9.

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12

Krauniewski, Andrzej, and Jerzy Wonicki. "The CRASP Research Institute: A Response to the Need for Informed Policy in Higher Education and Research." Higher Education in Europe 25, no. 4 (December 2000): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03797720120037859.

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13

Kraiczy, Peter, Evelyn Rossmann, Volker Brade, Markus M. Simon, Christine Skerka, Peter F. Zipfel, and Reinhard Wallich. "Binding of human complement regulators FHL-1 and factor H to CRASP-1 orthologs of Borrelia burgdorferi." Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 118, no. 21-22 (November 2006): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0691-1.

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14

Kanwal, Afia, and Wasima Shehzad. "Effective Intervention across Socioeconomic Classes for Improvement in Language Outcomes." Journal of Education and Training Studies 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2016): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i1.1913.

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Students in higher education bring with them a difference of linguistic abilities that is often due to the difference in socioeconomic status and early schooling. The lack of linguistic capacity hampers academic pace and introduces discrepancies in performance of learners. This paper examines the persistence of socioeconomic diﬀerences being translated in educational institutes and their influence on language outcomes and it investigates the role of effective intervention through an action research model by Zuber-Skerritt (1992) called CRASP. It is an experimental study based on a sample of 300 engineering students which examines initial and final evaluation of language proficiency through intervention. The tools used to gather data include demographics, language test of writing and speaking skills and sequential assessment. The results showed that intervention is helpful for enhancing language proficiency nonetheless; the improvement rate is nearly negligible and requires a long-term plan to impact early disadvantage of exposure.

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15

Luo, Shanshan, Andrea Hartmann, Hans-Martin Dahse, Christine Skerka, and Peter F. Zipfel. "Immune evasion of the human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans: Candida CRASP-2 blocks the complement cascade at multiple steps." Molecular Immunology 46, no. 14 (September 2009): 2857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.295.

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16

Siegel, Corinna, Teresia Hallström, Christine Skerka, Hannes Eberhardt, Barbara Uzonyi, Tobias Beckhaus, Michael Karas, et al. "Complement Factor H-Related Proteins CFHR2 and CFHR5 Represent Novel Ligands for the Infection-Associated CRASP Proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi." PLoS ONE 5, no. 10 (October 20, 2010): e13519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013519.

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17

Hallström, Teresia, Corinna Siegel, Christine Skerka, Volker Brade, Brian Stevenson, Reinhard Wallich, Peter Kraiczy, and Peter Zipfel. "Virulence-associated CRASP proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi bind distinct members of the human factor H protein family and extracellular matrix components." Molecular Immunology 45, no. 16 (October 2008): 4167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2008.08.215.

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18

Hallström, Teresia, Matthias Mörgelin, Anja Kunert, Katja Köhler, Christine Skerka, and Peter F. Zipfel. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa CRASP-2 is a novel multifunctional surface protein that binds Factor H, Factor H related protein 1 and plasminogen." Molecular Immunology 46, no. 14 (September 2009): 2835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.233.

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19

Hallström, Teresia, Melanie Uhde, Matthias Mörgelin, Christine Skerka, and Peter F. Zipfel. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa CRASP-2 is a surface protein that uses the human terminal complement regulator vitronectin for protection against complement-mediated attack." Molecular Immunology 47, no. 13 (August 2010): 2237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2010.05.121.

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20

Kraiczy, Peter, Johanna Schreiber, Christine Skerka, Katrin Haupt, Volker Brade, Reinhard Wallich, and Peter F. Zipfel. "Assessment of the regions within complement regulator-acquiring surface protein (CRASP)-2 of Borrelia burgdorferi required for interaction with host immune regulators FHL-1 and factor H." International Journal of Medical Microbiology 298 (September 2008): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.12.008.

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21

Hammerschmidt, Claudia, Corinna Siegel, Christine Skerka, Reinhard Wallich, Peter F. Zipfel, and Peter Kraiczy. "Ectopic expression of CRASP-1 orthologs of diverse serum-resistant borreliae efficiently protect serum-sensitive Borrelia garinii from complement-mediated lysis by interacting with human complement factor H and FHL1." Molecular Immunology 46, no. 14 (September 2009): 2853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.282.

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22

Liu, Jiaxin, and Dongliang Lei. "Managerial ability and stock price crash risk – the role of managerial overconfidence." Review of Accounting and Finance 20, no. 2 (August 21, 2021): 167–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/raf-05-2020-0111.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the relation between managerial ability and stock price crash risk, conditional on managerial overconfidence. In addition, conditional on managerial overconfidence, the authors investigate the effect of managerial ability on firms’ choice of bad news hoarding channels, which result in a stock price crash. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 24,289 firm-years from companies listed on Compustat and CRSP from 1994 to 2018, the authors conduct panel regression analysis. Findings The authors find that managerial ability is positively associated with stock price crash risk only when managerial overconfidence is high. Furthermore, the authors find that managerial ability seems to exacerbate (attenuate) the bad news withholding by the overconfident managers using the earnings guidance (earnings management) channel. The authors find limited evidence that high-ability managers are likely to withhold bad news through the overinvestment channel and “other channels” when managers are overconfident. Finally, the authors find that the joint effect of managerial overconfidence and managerial ability on firms’ crash risk is more pronounced when there is a material weakness in firms’ internal controls, high investor belief heterogeneity and high information asymmetry. However, this effect appears to dissipate during the recent financial crisis in 2008. Originality/value This research reveals that managerial ability is costly to firms by engendering bad news hoardings and stock price crash risk when managers are overconfident. It also sheds light on how managerial overconfidence and managerial ability affect managers’ choice of bad news withholding channels and stock price crash risk. Finally, the paper is of practical value to the board of directors in selecting the prospective executives.

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23

Han, Youil, and Eunji Lee. "CRAST: Crash-resilient data management for a key-value store in persistent memory." IEICE Electronics Express 15, no. 23 (2018): 20180919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.15.20180919.

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24

Olubajo, Babatunde, Sujan Reddy, Hannah Wolford, Kelly Hatfield, John Jernigan, and James Baggs. "Burden and Trends of Hospital-Associated Community-Onset (HACO) Infections From Antibiotic Resistant and Nonresistant Bacteria." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.661.

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Background: Studies on the effectiveness of hospital-based interventions often measure hospital-onset infections as the outcome of interest. However, hospital-associated infections may manifest after patient discharge (classified as hospital-associated community-onset, HACO), and the epidemiology may vary by antibiotic resistance (AR) profile. We examined the epidemiology and trends of HACO infections of AR and non–antibiotic-resistant (non-AR) bacteria. Methods: We included clinical community-onset (CO) cultures (obtained sooner than or on day 3 of hospitalization) yielding the bacterial species of interest among hospitalized patients in 260 hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database from 2012 to 2017. HACO infections were defined as CO cultures in a patient who had a previous hospitalization in the same hospital within 30 days. We examined methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus spp (VRE), carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Klebsiella spp, and Enterobacter spp) (CRE), extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance suggestive of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production in Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter spp (CRAsp), and carbapenem resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). We described the proportion of CO infections that were HACO, the proportion of HACO infections from sterile sites, overall HACO rates, and annual trends for sensitive and resistant phenotypes. Generalized estimating equation regression models that accounted for hospital-level clustering were used to estimate annual trends controlling for hospital characteristics and month of discharge. Results: The rate of HACO infections by pathogen ranged from 0.78 to 38.76 per 10,000 hospitalizations; 7%–34% were sterile site infections (Table 1). For each bacterial pathogen, a significantly higher proportion of AR CO infections had a previous hospitalization compared to non-AR CO infections (all χ2, P < .05). The annual trends for AR and non-AR HACO infections between 2012 and 2017 were significantly decreasing for most pathogens, except ESBL HACO infections. Conclusions: Even when using a definition limited to readmission to the same hospital, HACO infections occur commonly with differing rates by pathogen and antibiotic resistance profile. Although these rates are decreasing for most of the pathogens studied, improving surveillance and identifying prevention strategies for these infections are necessary to further reduce the burden of hospital-associated infections.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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25

McVea, Harry. "CREDIT RATING AGENCIES, THE SUBPRIME MORTGAGE DEBACLE AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: THE EU STRIKES BACK." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 59, no. 3 (July 2010): 701–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589310000278.

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AbstractThe global financial crisis has served to highlight serious weaknesses in global governance, revealing fault lines in the international financial architecture and its accompanying regulatory apparatus. Most glaringly, the spotlight has fallen on Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs)—key governance agencies in the pre-crisis domestic and international regulatory structures, and ones directly linked to the subprime mortgage debacle. The aim of this article is to provide a critical appraisal of CRAs as a mechanism of global governance in the light of their role in the subprime mortgage debacle and to evaluate the case for stricter regulation of CRAs. In this respect, special emphasis is placed on the recent EU attempt—by way of a new Regulation on Credit Rating Agencies—to bring rating agencies within the regulatory fold. It is argued that while the EU Regulation has serious implications for the operation of CRAs within the Community, the reform measure is potentially illustrative of a growing dissonance between EU and US responses to global governance issues more generally.‘[Securitisation led to the belief among many that] poor quality assets … assembled as a portfolio … could somehow by alchemy be converted into something stronger than they were’.1‘The crap had become cake.’2‘In January 2008, there were 12 triple A-rated companies in the world. At the same time, there were 64,000 structured finance instruments, like CDO tranches, rated triple A.’3

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Jovall, Ola. "ICONE15-10474 AIRPLANE CRASH SIMULATIONS." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2007.15 (2007): _ICONE1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2007.15._icone1510_254.

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Moncy, Ms Donna Mary. "Muscle Cramp Management: Intra-Dialytic Stretching Exercise." International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Research 4, no. 2 (September 3, 2017): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.201717.

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Cowen, Ron. "Crash." Science News 169, no. 16 (April 22, 2006): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4019212.

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Betz, Marian E. "Crash." Academic Emergency Medicine 21, no. 3 (February 13, 2014): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acem.12322.

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Morgan, Robert. "Crash." Appalachian Heritage 34, no. 2 (2006): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.2006.0051.

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Collins, Michael S. "Crash." Callaloo 25, no. 3 (2002): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2002.0119.

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Blanche, Martin Terre. "Crash." South African Journal of Psychology 27, no. 2 (June 1997): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639702700201.

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This article introduces the special edition. I characterize the edition as representing an intersection between the historical trajectories described by the South African Journal of Psychology and the ongoing series of Qualitative Methods Conferences hosted by local psychology departments. With reference to the rhetoric used to introduce previous special editions of the SAJP, the papers presented at the first and second Qualitative Methods Conferences, and the articles included in this edition, I suggest that the SAJP may be en route from a technicist understanding of knowledge accumulation to a more politically aware, contextual view, while the Qualitative Methods Conferences may be in the process of increasing academic co-optation.

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Roberts, Ian. "Crash." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 95, no. 3 (March 2002): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107680209500321.

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Roberts, I. "CRASH." JRSM 95, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.95.3.162.

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Bogard, Paul. "Crash." River Teeth: A Journal of Nonfiction Narrative 7, no. 1 (2005): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rvt.2005.0032.

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Speer Morgan. "Crash." Missouri Review 33, no. 2 (2010): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.2010.0003.

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ROQUES, Éléonore, and Nelson JACOMIN. "Crash." Terrain, Hors-série (June 10, 2021): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/terrain.21935.

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Kercheval, Jesse Lee. "Crash." New England Review 42, no. 2 (2021): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2021.0062.

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Davis, Gary A. "Crash reconstruction and crash modification factors." Accident Analysis & Prevention 62 (January 2014): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.09.027.

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ZOTIC, Vasile, Diana-Elena ALEXANDRU, and István-Oliver EGRESI. "GENERAL FEATURES OF ROAD CRASHES IN CLUJ COUNTY, ROMANIA. SPATIALITY AND CAUSALITY." Territorial Identity and Development 5, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.23740/tid120205.

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Road crashes have become a serious issue, and their negative impact, both socially and economically, has been subject to policies and programmes worldwide as well as a research topic for numerous studies in various fields. The present study aims to identify and demonstrate the persistence of certain features related to the occurrence and location of road crashes in Cluj County, Romania, which is a territory recording a constant high road crash incidence in the last decade. We used descriptive statistics to illustrate the key features of road crashes occurring in urban and rural areas, by road type, within the administrative territory of Cluj County, Romania. The analysis was focused on four main aspects: causes, effects in terms of persons injured and deaths, occurrence by road type, and location within and outside urban areas. The years 2019, 2009, and 2018 were considered as reference moments for the values recorded for all indicators in the analysis. Results showed a general trend of decrease in road crash incidence in 2019 compared to 2009, which was also confirmed by the absolute and relative increase in the period 2018-2019. The most significant decrease was found in the number of deaths, especially in the case of road cras h e soccurring on national roads and urban streets, where the incidence is still quite high. However, when ranked considering the number of crashes caused, we noted the persistence of certain categories of triggering factors for the high incidence of road crashes related to both drivers and pedestrians. Road safety is very much related to the behaviour of all participants in traffic and not so much to the road infrastructure and quality, although road capacity may be a triggering factor for drivers’ behaviour. Further measures are needed to enhance road safety and meet the European target of halving the road crash number and fatalities until 2020 and in the next decade.

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Salama, A. A., Said Broumi, and Florentin Smarandache. "Neutrosophic Crisp Open Set and Neutrosophic Crisp Continuity via Neutrosophic Crisp Ideals." International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business 6, no. 3 (June 8, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijieeb.2014.03.01.

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42

Baulig, Bianca. "Ist nach dem Crash vor dem Crash?" Bankfachklasse 40, no. 10 (October 2018): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35139-018-0103-8.

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Lei, Zheng Bao, Xiao Yuan Zhang, and Mu Xi Lei. "Overall Design Method for Large Structure Crash Testing Laboratory." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1755.

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In order to overcome the shortcoming in the large structure crash test such as shipping-bridge crash testing, an indoor electric traction large structure crash testing laboratory had been developed independently on the basis of the success experience in the national vehicle crash testing technology, the available traction track is 216 meters long, and the shipping-bridge crash testing, vehicle-bridge crash testing, vehicle crash testing, vehicle rolling testing, vehicle-barrier crash testing, vehicle-traffic facilities crash testing and so on could be carried out in the laboratory, the maximum traction mass could reach 18000kg, and the maximum crash speed could reach 120km/h, therefore, a effective design method for large structure crash testing laboratory had been formed. The result shows that the all meet the requirement of the pre-expected purpose.

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44

&NA;. "PRE-CRASH, CRASH, AND POST-CRASH CONVICTIONS AMONG INJURED IMPAIRED AND UNIMPAIRED DRIVERS." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 29, no. 7 (July 1989): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-198907000-00071.

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45

Yan, Xuedong, Bin Wang, Meiwu An, and Cuiping Zhang. "Distinguishing between Rural and Urban Road Segment Traffic Safety Based on Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression Models." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/789140.

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In this study, the traffic crash rate, total crash frequency, and injury and fatal crash frequency were taken into consideration for distinguishing between rural and urban road segment safety. The GIS-based crash data during four and half years in Pikes Peak Area, US were applied for the analyses. The comparative statistical results show that the crash rates in rural segments are consistently lower than urban segments. Further, the regression results based on Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) regression models indicate that the urban areas have a higher crash risk in terms of both total crash frequency and injury and fatal crash frequency, compared to rural areas. Additionally, it is found that crash frequencies increase as traffic volume and segment length increase, though the higher traffic volume lower the likelihood of severe crash occurrence; compared to 2-lane roads, the 4-lane roads have lower crash frequencies but have a higher probability of severe crash occurrence; and better road facilities with higher free flow speed can benefit from high standard design feature thus resulting in a lower total crash frequency, but they cannot mitigate the severe crash risk.

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46

Lee, Chris, Frank Saccomanno, and Bruce Hellinga. "Analysis of Crash Precursors on Instrumented Freeways." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1784, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1784-01.

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Traffic flow characteristics that lead to crashes on urban freeways are examined. Since these characteristics are observed prior to crash occurrence, they are referred to as “crash precursors.” The objectives are ( a) to explore factors contributing to changes in crash rate for individual vehicles traveling over an urban freeway and ( b) to develop a probabilistic model relating significant crash precursors to changes in crash potential. The data used to examine crash precursors were extracted from 38 loop detector stations on a 10-km stretch of the Gardiner Expressway in Toronto for a 13-month period. An aggregate log-linear model was developed relating crash rates to the selected crash precursors observed upstream of the crash site. The results of this analysis suggest that the variation of speed and traffic density are statistically significant predictors of crash frequency after controlling for road geometry, weather, and time of day. With the model, crash potential can be established based on the precursors obtained from real-time traffic data.

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Lee, Chris, Bruce Hellinga, and Frank Saccomanno. "Real-Time Crash Prediction Model for Application to Crash Prevention in Freeway Traffic." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1840, no. 1 (January 2003): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1840-08.

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The likelihood of a crash or crash potential is significantly affected by the short-term turbulence of traffic flow. For this reason, crash potential must be estimated on a real-time basis by monitoring the current traffic condition. In this regard, a probabilistic real-time crash prediction model relating crash potential to various traffic flow characteristics that lead to crash occurrence, or “crash precursors,” was developed. In the development of the previous model, however, several assumptions were made that had not been clearly verified from either theoretical or empirical perspectives. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to ( a) suggest the rational methods by which the crash precursors included in the model can be determined on the basis of experimental results and ( b) test the performance of the modified crash prediction model. The study found that crash precursors can be determined in an objective manner, eliminating a characteristic of the previous model, in which the model results were dependent on analysts’ subjective categorization of crash precursors.

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Clarke, Mary. "Clement Crisp." Dance Research: The Journal of the Society for Dance Research 21, no. 1 (2003): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1290938.

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Petersen, Rick, and La Vone Sopher. "Plane Crash." American Journal of Nursing 89, no. 10 (October 1989): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3426337.

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Chadwell, Faye. "Librarian Crisp." OLA Quarterly 12, no. 3 (2006): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7710/1093-7374.1123.

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