Journal articles on the topic 'Crash injuries Sex differences'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Crash injuries Sex differences.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Crash injuries Sex differences.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ma, X., P. W. Laud, F. Pintar, J.-E. Kim, A. Shih, W. Shen, S. B. Heymsfield, D. B. Allison, and S. Zhu. "Obesity and non-fatal motor vehicle crash injuries: sex difference effects." International Journal of Obesity 35, no. 9 (January 11, 2011): 1216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.270.
Full text
2
Feler, Joshua, Adrian A. Maung, Rick O'Connor, Kimberly A. Davis, and Jason Gerrard. "Sex-based differences in helmet performance in bicycle trauma." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, no. 10 (April 7, 2021): 994–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-215544.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesTo determine the existence of sex-based differences in the protective effects of helmets against common injuries in bicycle trauma.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, we identified patients 18 years or older in the 2017 National Trauma Database presenting after bicycle crash. Sex-disaggregated and sex-combined multivariable logistic regression models were calculated for short-term outcomes that included age, involvement with motor vehicle collision, anticoagulant use, bleeding disorder and helmet use. The sex-combined model included an interaction term for sex and helmet use. The resulting exponentiated model parameter yields an adjusted OR ratio of the effects of helmet use for females compared with males.ResultsIn total, 18 604 patients of average age 48.1 were identified, and 18% were female. Helmet use was greater in females than males (48.0% vs 34.2%, p<0.001). Compared with helmeted males, helmeted females had greater rates of serious head injury (37.7% vs 29.9%, p<0.001) despite less injury overall. In sex-disaggregated models, helmet use reduced odds of intracranial haemorrhage and death in males (p<0.001) but not females. In sex-combined models, helmets conferred to females significantly less odds reduction for severe head injury (p=0.002), intracranial bleeding (p<0.001), skull fractures (p=0.001), cranial surgery (p=0.006) and death (p=0.017). There was no difference for cervical spine fracture.ConclusionsBicycle helmets may offer less protection to females compared with males. The cause of this sex or gender-based difference is uncertain, but there may be intrinsic incompatibility between available helmets and female anatomy and/or sex disparity in helmet testing standards.
3
Bang, Felix, Steven McFaull, James Cheesman, and Minh T. Do. "The rural–urban gap: differences in injury characteristics." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 39, no. 12 (December 2019): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.39.12.01.
Full textAbstract:
Background Injuries are among the top 10 leading causes of death in Canada. However, the types and rates of injuries vary between rural versus urban settings. Injury rates increase with rurality, particularly those related to motor vehicle collisions. Factors such as type of work, hazardous environments and longer driving distances contribute to the difference in rural and urban injury rates. Further examination of injuries comparing rural and urban settings with increased granularity in the nature of injuries and severity is needed. Methods The study population consisted of records from the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (eCHIRPP) from between 2011 and July 2017. Rural and urban status was determined based on postal codes as defined by Canada Post. Proportionate injury ratios (PIRs) were calculated to compare rural and urban injury rates by nature and severity of injury and sex, among other factors. Results Rural injuries were more likely to involve multiple injuries (PIR = 1.66 for 3 injuries) and crush injuries (PIR = 1.72). More modestly elevated PIRs for rural settings were found for animal bites (1.14), burns (1.22), eye injuries (1.32), fractures (1.20) and muscle or soft tissue injuries (1.11). Injuries in rural areas were more severe, with a higher likelihood of cases being admitted to hospital (1.97), and they were more likely to be due to a motor vehicle collision (2.12). Conclusion The nature of injuries in rural settings differ from those in urban settings. This suggests a need to evaluate current injury prevention efforts in rural settings with the aim to close the gap between rural and urban injury rates.
4
Gray, Shannon, and Alex Collie. "O3B.1 Burden of work absence due to compensable road traffic crashes in victoria, australia." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A23.2—A24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.62.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundThe burden of road traffic crashes (RTC) is commonly reported using fatalities and hospital admissions. Disruption to regular activities, such as work, is rarely reported, yet known to have significant economic and human costs. In the state of Victoria, Australia, people injured and unable to work due to RTC may have treatment and income support provided either through the RTC compensation system or through workers’ compensation. By examining data from both systems, this study sought to determine the rate (per 1 00 000 working population) of RTC injury resulting in work absence, and to quantify the amount of working time lost to RTC injury.MethodsData from each compensation system were harmonised. Analysis included claims from RTCs that occurred between July 1 2003 and June 30 2013 by 15–65 year olds who received at least one day of income support. Fatalities and rejected claims were excluded. Time lost was calculated as the total weeks of income support. Non-parametric tests were performed to determine differences between exposure variables (e.g. male versus female).ResultsThere were 36 640 workers meeting inclusion criteria (average 305 cases per month; mean rate per month of 11.6 per 1 00 000 working population). A total of 1,121,863 lost working weeks were compensated, with a median of 10 weeks. Thirty-two percent of cases did not have a record of attending hospital. The lowest median duration of time loss was among those involved in a train or tram crash (2.9 weeks) and the highest among those with quadriplegia (142.2 weeks). Duration of income support was significantly different within age, sex, injury type, severity, crash type, and compensation system groups.ConclusionsResults showed that RTC injuries of all severities caused considerable work absence. Measures of work absence can complement existing measures of RTC burden.
5
XIAO, YINGNI, HELAI HUANG, YONG PENG, and XINGHUA WANG. "A STUDY ON MOTORCYCLISTS HEAD INJURIES IN CAR–MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENTS BASED ON REAL-WORLD DATA AND ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 18, no. 04 (June 2018): 1850036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519418500367.
Full textAbstract:
Accident data had shown that as one of the most vulnerable road users, the risk of motorcyclist casualties due to head injuries is extremely high in motorcycle accidents. The objective of this study was to analyze motorcyclist head injury based on epidemiological statistical analysis and car–motorcycle accident reconstruction using real world accident data, and obtain a comprehensive understanding about safety effects of helmets on motorcyclists head injury. In epidemiological data analysis of this study, odds ratios (ORs) was applied to identify differences in injuries between helmeted and unhelmeted motorcyclists. Two vehicle–motorcycle collisions with detailed information were reconstructed by using PC-Crash simulation and MADYMO reconstruction. Furthermore, the head injury reconstruction using MADYMO outputs as boundary conditions was accomplished and analyzed with respect to 1st principal strain, Von Mises stress, coup pressure, countercoup pressure at the cerebrum. The results indicated that unhelmeted motorcyclists were more likely to suffer head injury, serious and fatal injury, and tend to take equal responsibility or more. 1st principal strain was reduced from 0.44 to 0.25 for Case 1, and from 0.16 to 0.10 for case 2 when including a helmet. Von Mises stress were reduced from 30.37[Formula: see text]kpa to 19.51[Formula: see text]kpa for Case 1 and from 3.42[Formula: see text]kpa to 3.03[Formula: see text]kpa for case when including a helmet, which meant a reduction of the risk of concussion. But the motorcyclist in Case 2 experienced a lower percentage increase in coup pressure and countercoup pressure. This study provided comprehensive knowledge on motorcyclists head injuries and the effectiveness of helmets as well as contributing to develop the injury prevention measures and protection devices of motorcyclists.
6
Lin, Cindy Y., Ellen Casey, Daniel C. Herman, Nicole Katz, and Adam S. Tenforde. "Sex Differences in Common Sports Injuries." PM&R 10, no. 10 (March 14, 2018): 1073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.03.008.
Full text
7
Lee, Brian Ho-Yin, and Joseph L. Schofer. "Restraint Use and Age and Sex Characteristics of Persons Involved in Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1830, no. 1 (January 2003): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1830-02.
Full textAbstract:
The lap and shoulder belt combination can reduce the risk of fatal motor vehicle crash injuries to front-seat occupants by 45% and the risk of moderate-to-critical injuries by 50%. The significant life- and cost-saving potentials of these restraining devices, installed in virtually every vehicle in the United States, are well recognized, but the benefits come only from their actual use. Identified are two demographic characteristics of unrestrained persons involved in fatal crashes, age and sex, to provide a basis for targeting educational and promotional efforts to encourage restraint use among the most vulnerable groups. Analyses are based on 1996 to 2000 crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, compared with exposure data from the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey. This study found that the risk of sustaining fatal injuries in a vehicle crash is reduced by 54% when occupant restraints are used. A much higher proportion of young males in the 16 to 19 and 20 to 24 age groups involved in fatal crashes do not use restraints, about 1.72 and 1.69 times greater, respectively, than those who do use restraints. While females in these age groups are also overrepre-sented, the extent of this excess is less than that of males. This underscores the need to find ways to educate young people, especially young males, about the benefits of restraint use.
8
Oganesyan, Ruben, Mark Anderson, Joseph Simeone, Connie Chang, and Miho Tanaka. "Sex Differences In Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries." Journal of Women's Sports Medicine 2, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53646/jwsm.v2i1.11.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Acute tears of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) have been more commonly reported in males than females, with males constituting between 60 and 84% of isolated and combined PCL injuries. However, there is a paucity of studies comparing the injury patterns between males and females. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in patterns of isolated PCL tears and associated injuries between males and females on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Patients with PCL tears were identified through an institutional database. Two musculoskeletal imaging radiologists independently reviewed each case to describe injury patterns as well as the presence and severity of concurrent injuries. After applying exclusion criteria, male and female cohorts were compared for differences in injury patterns and the presence of concurrent injuries. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess for differences in injury patterns related to age. RESULTS: A search yielded 322 consecutive patients with PCL injury. After reviewing MRI exams and applying exclusion criteria, the cohorts included 79 patients (21 female and 58 male). Overall, females with PCL tears were more likely to sustain concurrent injuries to the posteromedial corner (71.4% vs. 25.9%, p < 0.001), anterior cruciate ligament (14.3% vs. 0%, p = 0.003), partial injury to the medial collateral ligament (23.8% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.037), and lateral meniscus (38.1% vs. 3.5%, p < 0.001). Comparison of patients with Grade 3 PCL injuries showed that this type of injury occurred at a greater age in females when compared to males (46.0±22.1 vs. 32.3±13.5, p=0.019). Regression analysis between age and injury pattern in patients with Grade 3 PCL tears revealed significant findings only in female patients, with a positive correlation between age and distal location of the PCL tear (R2 = 0.5937, p = 0.003). We also observed significant negative correlations between age and associated injuries of the ACL (R2 = 0.3623, p = 0.038), and lateral retinaculum (R2 = 0.3325, p = 0.049). CONCLUSION: We observed significant sex differences in the number and type of accompanying injuries with acute PCL injuries. Complete PCL injuries were found to occur at a greater age in females, with an age-dependent distribution of PCL injury location and number of accompanying injuries. Further studies are needed to understand the role of these findings in the treatment and outcomes after PCL injury.
9
Carter, Cordelia W., Mary Lloyd Ireland, Anthony E. Johnson, William N. Levine, Scott Martin, Asheesh Bedi, and Elizabeth G. Matzkin. "Sex-based Differences in Common Sports Injuries." Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 26, no. 13 (July 2018): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/jaaos-d-16-00607.
Full text
10
Matzkin, Elizabeth, and Kirsten Garvey. "Sex Differences in Common Sports-Related Injuries." NASN School Nurse 34, no. 5 (March 28, 2019): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942602x19840809.
Full textAbstract:
Sex plays a role in mediating different susceptibilities and outcomes of disease and injury. Sports injuries are included in this phenomenon, as recent research demonstrates that males and females show differences in incidences of varying injuries, presentations of injury, and treatment outcomes. Incidence of certain sports injuries like anterior cruciate ligament injury or patellofemoral pain syndrome may vary widely between male and female athletes, with female athletes being more susceptible to anterior cruciate ligament injury and patellofemoral pain syndrome. Treatment outcomes for males and females may also vary widely. For example, males have a higher risk of recurrent shoulder instability compared with females. These variances among incidence and outcome following certain injuries highlight the necessity of understanding these differences to provide quality care. It is especially important for the school nurse to be aware of these sex differences as they are well positioned to make youth athletes and their families aware of the varying injury susceptibilities among them.
11
Zynda, Aaron J., Jie Liu, Meagan J. Sabatino, Jane S. Chung, Shane M. Miller, Philip L. Wilson, and Henry B. Ellis. "SEX AND AGE-BASED DIFFERENCES IN PEDIATRIC BASKETBALL INJURIES." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (April 1, 2020): 2325967120S0015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00158.
Full textAbstract:
Background: There is limited epidemiologic data on pediatric basketball injuries and the correlation of these injuries with sex-based differences pre- and post-adolescence. Purpose: To describe sex and age-based injury rates associated with common pediatric basketball injuries. Methods: A descriptive epidemiology study was conducted utilizing publicly available injury data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) and participation data from the National Sporting Goods Association (NSGA). Data on pediatric basketball injuries from January 2012 – December 2018 in patients ages 7-17 years were extracted and used to calculate national injury incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Over 7 years, 9,582 basketball injuries were reported annually in the NEISS in pediatric patients 7-17 years old, which corresponds to an annual national estimate of 294,920 visits. The 5 most common diagnoses were ankle strain/sprain (17.7%), finger strain/sprain and finger fracture (12.1%), concussion/head injury (9.4%), knee strain/sprain (4.5%), and facial laceration (3.3%). There was a notable increase in injury rate in adolescents when compared with childhood ages; 7- to 11-year-old category accounted for 19.1% of estimated injuries (56,242 injuries per year) and the 12- to 17-year-old category accounted for 80.9% (238,678 injuries per year). While boys accounted for the majority of injuries in both age groups [72.6% of all injuries (40,824 injuries per year) in the 7- to 11-year-old category and 74.4% of all injuries (177,572 injuries per year) in the 12- to 17-year-old category], overall, there was no significant difference in injury rate between boys and girls (boys: 91 injuries per 100,000 athlete days, 95% CI = 73-109; girls: 110 injuries per 100,000 athlete days, 95% CI = 92-128; p=0.140). Overall injury rates across the two age groups are reported in Table 1. Head injuries/concussions were a frequent cause of presentation (second only to finger injuries) in 7- to 11-year-olds, and occurred at a similar rate in girls and boys. In adolescents, ankle injuries were the most common injury overall, but there was a most notable increase in the rate of girls’ head and knee injury compared with their boy counterparts within these ages (Table 1). Conclusions: Ankle injuries continue to be the most predominant pediatric basketball injury. However, disproportionate rates of girls’ head and knee injuries during adolescent basketball suggest that style of play and knee injury prevention programs should target girls participating in youth basketball. [Table: see text]
12
Edison, Bianca R., Nirav Pandya, Neeraj M. Patel, and Cordelia W. Carter. "Sex and Gender Differences in Pediatric Knee Injuries." Clinics in Sports Medicine 41, no. 4 (October 2022): 769–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2022.06.002.
Full text
13
Renninger, Christopher H., Grant Cochran, Trevor Tompane, Joseph Bellamy, and Kevin Kuhn. "Injury Characteristics of Low-Energy Lisfranc Injuries Compared With High-Energy Injuries." Foot & Ankle International 38, no. 9 (July 10, 2017): 964–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100717709575.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Lisfranc injuries result from high- and low-energy mechanisms though the literature has been more focused on high-energy mechanisms. A comparison of high-energy (HE) and low-energy (LE) injury patterns is lacking. The objective of this study was to report injury patterns in LE Lisfranc joint injuries and compare them to HE injury patterns. Methods: Operative Lisfranc injuries were identified over a 5-year period. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, injury pattern, associated injuries, missed diagnoses, clinical course, and imaging studies were reviewed and compared. HE mechanism was defined as motor vehicle crash, motorcycle crash, direct crush, and fall from greater than 4 feet and LE mechanism as athletic activity, ground level twisting, or fall from less than 4 feet. Thirty-two HE and 48 LE cases were identified with 19.3 months of average follow-up. Results: There were no differences in demographics or missed diagnosis frequency (21% HE vs 18% LE). Time to seek care was not significantly different. HE injuries were more likely to have concomitant nonfoot fractures (37% vs 6%), concomitant foot fractures (78% vs 4%), cuboid fractures (31% vs 6%), metatarsal base fractures (84% vs 29%), displaced intra-articular fractures (59% vs 4%), and involvement of all 5 rays (23% vs 6%). LE injuries were more commonly ligamentous (68% vs 16%), with fewer rays involved (2.7 vs 4.1). Conclusions: LE mechanisms were a more common cause of Lisfranc joint injury in this cohort. These mechanisms generally resulted in an isolated, primarily ligamentous injury sparing the lateral column. Both types had high rates of missed injury that could result in delayed treatment. Differences in injury patterns could help direct future research to optimize treatment algorithms. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
14
Snyder, C. L. "Sex-Related Differences in Self-Inflicted Injuries Among Youth." AAP Grand Rounds 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.24-3-38.
Full text
15
Chandran, Avinash, Mary Barron, Beverly Westerman, and Loretta DiPietro. "Sex Differences In Head Injuries Among Collegiate Soccer Players." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 859–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000519322.29431.b2.
Full text
16
Breen, Jan Mario, Pål Aksel Næss, Christine Gaarder, and Arne Stray-Pedersen. "Autopsy findings in drivers and passengers from fatal motor vehicle collisions: limited differences in injury patterns and toxicological test results." Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology 17, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12024-021-00359-z.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe performed a retrospective study of the injuries and characteristics of occupant fatalities in motor vehicle collisions in southeast Norway. The goal was to provide updated knowledge of injuries sustained in modern vehicles and detect possible differences in injury pattern between drivers and passengers. Forensic autopsy reports, police, and collision investigation reports from 2000 to 2014 were studied, data extracted and analyzed.A total of 284 drivers, 80 front-seat passengers, and 37 rear-seat passengers were included, of which 67.3% died in front collisions, 13.7% in near-side impacts, 13.5% in rollovers and 5.5% in other/combined collisions. Overall, 80.5% died within one hour after the crash. The presence of fatal injuries to the head, neck, thorax and abdomen were observed in 63.6%, 10.7%, 61.6% and 27.4% respectively. All occupants with severe injuries to the head or neck had signs of direct impact with contact point injuries to the skin or skull. Injuries to the heart and spleen were less common in front-seat passengers compared to drivers. Seat belt abrasions were more common and lower extremity fractures less common in both front-seat and rear-seat passengers compared to drivers. Blood alcohol and/or drug concentrations suggestive of impairment were present in 30% of all occupants, with alcohol more often detected among front-seat passengers compared to drivers.Few driver-specific and passenger-specific patterns of injury could be identified. When attempting to assess an occupant’s seating position within a vehicle, autopsy findings should be interpreted with caution and only in conjunction with documentation from the crash scene.
17
Berkson, MD, Eric. "Editorial Commentary: Moving on from studying only the ACL: The importance of sex differences in other orthopaedic injuries." Journal of Women's Sports Medicine 2, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53646/jwsm.v2i1.25.
Full textAbstract:
Our understanding of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has advanced to the point where we understand female-specific predisposing factors to injuries; we have begun to alter surgical reconstructive procedures for women; and we can leverage enhanced sex-specific understandings to improve rehabilitation and even to prevent injuries. While study of sex-specific differences in posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries has just begun, it is our responsibility within the field of sports medicine to continue to advance our understanding of sex differences in PCL and other orthopaedic injuries and to promote future studies examining this topic.
18
Valasek, Amy Elizabeth, Julie A. Young, Lihong Huang, Bhavna Singichetti, and Jingzhen Yang. "Age and Sex Differences in Overuse Injuries Presenting to Pediatric Sports Medicine Clinics." Clinical Pediatrics 58, no. 7 (March 22, 2019): 770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922819837360.
Full textAbstract:
Pediatric overuse injuries present with a gradual mechanism of onset and an underlying pathogenesis of microtrauma. We evaluated the clinical presentation of pediatric sports injuries to determine if differences exist between age and sex. A retrospective chart review was performed over a 6-year period; 6593 overuse injuries were included with the mean age of 13.4 years. Males presented with a greater proportion of apophysis, physis, and articular cartilage injuries ( P < .01). Females presented with greater bone, tendon, and “other” injuries ( P < .01). Children <9 years of age demonstrated apophysis and physis injuries. Conversely, children older than 15 years of age presented with tendon, bone, bursa, and other ( P < .01) overuse injuries. A significant number of pediatric athletes in this cohort reported playing through pain prior to clinical evaluation. Injury prevention programs need to educate children, and a red flag should be raised when pediatric athletes are participating with pain.
19
Huang, Herman F., J. Richard Stewart, and Charles V. Zegeer. "Evaluation of Lane Reduction “Road Diet” Measures on Crashes and Injuries." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1784, no. 1 (January 2002): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1784-11.
Full textAbstract:
“Road diets” are often conversions of four-lane undivided roads into three lanes (two through lanes plus a center turn lane). The fourth lane may be converted to bicycle lanes, sidewalks, or on-street parking. Road diets are sometimes implemented with the objective of reducing vehicle speeds as well as the number of motor vehicle crashes and injuries. A study was conducted to investigate the actual effects of road diets on motor vehicle crashes and injuries. Twelve road diets and 25 comparison sites in California and Washington cities were analyzed. Crash data were obtained for these road diet (2,068 crashes) and comparison sites (8,556 crashes). A “before” and “after” analysis using a “yoked comparison” study design found that the percent of road diet crashes occurring during the “after” period was about 6% lower than that of the matched comparison sites. However, a separate analysis in which a negative binomial model was used to control for possible differential changes in average daily traffic, study period, and other factors indicated no significant treatment effect. Crash severity was virtually the same at road diets and comparison sites. There were some differences in crash type distributions between road diets and comparison sites, but not between the “before” and “after” periods. Conversion to a road diet should be made on a case-by-case basis in which traffic flow, vehicle capacity, and safety are all considered. It is also recommended that the effects of road diets be further evaluated under a variety of traffic and roadway conditions.
20
Barendrecht, Maarten, Carl C. Barten, Willem van Mechelen, Evert Verhagen, and Bouwien C. M. Smits-Engelsman. "Injuries in Physical Education Teacher Students: Differences between Sex, Curriculum Year, Setting, and Sports." Translational Sports Medicine 2023 (January 5, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8643402.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Injury risk is high in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) students. Insights into specific injury locations per sex, setting, sports, and curriculum year are needed to develop preventive measures. Purpose. To compare injury distributions by body locations in PETE students and how these distributions differ by sex, type, onset, curriculum year, settings, or sports. Methods. In a historical cohort study over 14 years, data from 2899 students (male 76.2%, n = 1947) enlisted in the first three years of a PETE curriculum were analysed. Injuries reported at the institution’s medical facility were categorised per sex, body location, onset, type, setting, sports, and curriculum year. Results. Forty-three percent (n = 1247) of all students (female 54.9%, n = 523, male 37.2%, and n = 429) reported a total of 2129 injuries (freshmen 56.4%; 2nd year 28.2%; 3rd year 15.5%). The most prevalent sudden onset injury locations (63.4% of all injuries) were the ankle (32.5%) and knee (16.6). The most prevalent gradual onset injuries were the lower leg (27.8%) and knee (25.2%). Joint/ligament injuries (45.8%) and muscle/tendon injuries (23.4%) were the most prevalent injury types. Proportions for injury locations and injury types differed significantly between curriculum years. Injury prevalence per setting and sport differed significantly between the sexes. Injury locations differed significantly between sports and between the sexes per sport. Conclusion. A differential approach per injury location, onset, type, sex, setting, sports, and curriculum year is needed to develop adequate preventive measures in PETE studies. The engagement of precurricular, intracurricular, and extracurricular stakeholders is needed in the development of these measures.
21
Ijaz, Muhammad, Lan Liu, Yahya Almarhabi, Arshad Jamal, Sheikh Muhammad Usman, and Muhammad Zahid. "Temporal Instability of Factors Affecting Injury Severity in Helmet-Wearing and Non-Helmet-Wearing Motorcycle Crashes: A Random Parameter Approach with Heterogeneity in Means and Variances." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 10526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710526.
Full textAbstract:
Not wearing a helmet, not properly strapping the helmet on, or wearing a substandard helmet increases the risk of fatalities and injuries in motorcycle crashes. This research examines the differences in motorcycle crash injury severity considering crashes involving the compliance with and defiance of helmet use by motorcycle riders and highlights the temporal variation in their impact. Three-year (2017–2019) motorcycle crash data were collected from RESCUE 1122, a provincial emergency response service for Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The available crash data include crash-specific information, vehicle, driver, spatial and temporal characteristics, roadway features, and traffic volume, which influence the motorcyclist’s injury severity. A random parameters logit model with heterogeneity in means and variances was evaluated to predict critical contributory factors in helmet-wearing and non-helmet-wearing motorcyclist crashes. Model estimates suggest significant variations in the impact of explanatory variables on motorcyclists’ injury severity in the case of compliance with and defiance of helmet use. For helmet-wearing motorcyclists, key factors significantly associated with increasingly severe injury and fatal injuries include young riders (below 20 years of age), female pillion riders, collisions with another motorcycle, large trucks, passenger car, drivers aged 50 years and above, and drivers being distracted while driving. In contrast, for non-helmet-wearing motorcyclists, the significant factors responsible for severe injuries and fatalities were distracted driving, the collision of two motorcycles, crashes at U-turns, weekday crashes, and drivers above 50 years of age. The impact of parameters that predict motorcyclist injury severity was found to vary dramatically over time, exhibiting statistically significant temporal instability. The results of this study can serve as potential motorcycle safety guidelines for all relevant stakeholders to improve the state of motorcycle safety in the country.
22
Chen, Song, and Ma. "Investigation on the Injury Severity of Drivers in Rear-End Collisions Between Cars Using a Random Parameters Bivariate Ordered Probit Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 23, 2019): 2632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142632.
Full textAbstract:
The existing studies on drivers’ injury severity include numerous statistical models that assess potential factors affecting the level of injury. These models should address specific concerns tailored to different crash characteristics. For rear-end crashes, potential correlation in injury severity may present between the two drivers involved in the same crash. Moreover, there may exist unobserved heterogeneity considering parameter effects, which may vary across both crashes and individuals. To address these concerns, a random parameters bivariate ordered probit model has been developed to examine factors affecting injury sustained by two drivers involved in the same rear-end crash between passenger cars. Taking both the within-crash correlation and unobserved heterogeneity into consideration, the proposed model outperforms the two separate ordered probit models with fixed parameters. The value of the correlation parameter demonstrates that there indeed exists significant correlation between two drivers’ injuries. Driver age, gender, vehicle, airbag or seat belt use, traffic flow, etc., are found to affect injury severity for both the two drivers. Some differences can also be found between the two drivers, such as the effect of light condition, crash season, crash position, etc. The approach utilized provides a possible use for dealing with similar injury severity analysis in future work.
23
Quatman, Carmen E., Gregory D. Myer, Jane Khoury, Eric J. Wall, and Timothy E. Hewett. "Sex Differences in “Weightlifting” Injuries Presenting to United States Emergency Rooms." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23, no. 7 (October 2009): 2061–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b86cb9.
Full text
24
Pakgohar, Alireza, and Mojtaba Kazemi. "An examination of accident severity differences between male and female drivers, Using Logistic Regression Model." Civil Engineering Journal 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2015): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2015-00000003.
Full textAbstract:
One person in every 2539 people gets killed and one in every 253 suffers injuries due to driving crashes each year in Iran. Such that driving incidents are second rank factor of death and the first rank reason for lost lifetimes in this country. 60% of total incidents which lead to deaths or injuries are actually driving incidents in Iran. That is while the same ratio is only 25% worldwide average. In this article, we report a probabilistic relationship between vehicle drivers’ gender and severity of the accidents. The model accuracy rate is more than 91%. Coefficient values show that if an crash happens and all other variables are under control, the probability of suffering injuries for a man is 1.597 times more than for a woman (1.40 – 1.79, 99% CI) in comparison with the case that the person does not get injured at all. Similarly, the probability of death for a man is 1.462 times higher than for a woman (1.13-1.79, 90% CI) again in comparison with case of no injury at all.
25
Piasecki, Dana P., Kurt P. Spindler, Todd A. Warren, Jack T. Andrish, and Richard D. Parker. "Intraarticular Injuries Associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear: Findings at Ligament Reconstruction in High School and Recreational Athletes." American Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 4 (July 2003): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310042101.
Full textAbstract:
Background Despite research on the increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament tears in female athletes, few studies have addressed sex differences in the incidence of associated intraarticular injuries. Hypothesis When patients are stratified by sport and competition level, no sex differences exist in either the mechanism of injury or pattern of intraarticular injuries observed at anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Two hundred twenty-one athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction met our inclusion criteria of anterior cruciate ligament tear as a singular event without reinjury or history of prior injury or surgery in either knee. Data were collected on competition level (high school, amateur), sport (basketball, soccer, skiing), mechanism of injury, articular cartilage injuries, and meniscal tears. Data were statistically analyzed by sex with the chi-square test and Student's t-test. Results High school athletes had no significant sex differences in mechanism of injury. Female soccer athletes had fewer medial meniscal tears than did male athletes, and female basketball players had fewer medial femoral condyle injuries. At the amateur level, female basketball players had more contact injuries, an earlier onset of swelling, and fewer lateral meniscal tears than did male players. Conclusion At the high school level, male and female athletes shared a common mechanism of injury, and yet the female athletes had fewer intraarticular injuries in basketball and soccer. If such intraarticular injuries prove to be a significant risk factor for poor long-term outcome, women may enjoy a better prognosis after reconstruction.
26
Chen, Yikai, Kai Wang, Mark King, Jie He, Jianxun Ding, Qin Shi, Changjun Wang, and Pingfan Li. "Differences in Factors Affecting Various Crash Types with High Numbers of Fatalities and Injuries in China." PLOS ONE 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2016): e0158559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158559.
Full text
27
Gupta, Andrew, Lauren Pierpoint, Dawn Comstock, and Michael Saper. "SEX DIFFERENCES IN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES AMONG US HIGH SCHOOL SOCCER PLAYERS: AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 3_suppl (March 1, 2019): 2325967119S0015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00157.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common among adolescent athletes, with soccer being the sport most frequently implicated in girls’ ACL injuries. The current literature on ACL injuries, while extensive, lacks a comprehensive study of ACL injuries in United States (US) high school soccer players. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of ACL injuries among US high school soccer players. METHODS ACL injury and athlete exposure (AE) data for US high school soccer players were obtained from the internet-based National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance System, High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) dataset collected from school years 2007-2008 through 2016-2017. Injury rates were calculated as the number of ACL injuries per 100,000 AEs. Subgroup differences were evaluated with rate ratios (RRs) or injury proportion ratios (IPRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). Subgroup differences were examined with independent t-tests. Comparisons of categorical data (i.e., mechanism of injury) were performed using Pearson’s?2 tests. RESULTS The number of ACL injuries reported to High School RIO corresponded to weighted national estimates of 41,205 (95% CI = 33,321 – 48,730) ACL injuries in boys’ soccer and 110,029 (95% CI = 95,349 – 124,709) in girls’ soccer during the study period. ACL injury rates were significantly higher in girls’ soccer (13.23 per 100,000 AEs) than boys’ soccer (4.35 per 100,000 AEs) (RR = 3.04, 95% CI = 2.35 – 3.98) and were significantly higher in competition compared to practice for both girls (RR = 14.77, 95% CI = 9.85 – 22.15) and boys (RR = 8.69, 95% CI = 5.01 – 15.08). A greater proportion of ACL injuries were due to player-player contact in boys (48.6%) compared to girls (30.1%) (IPR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.08 – 2.42). There was no statistical difference in the proportion of ACL injuries managed surgically in boys and girls (84% vs. 78%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There are sex-based differences in mechanism of injury and ACL injury rate in high school soccer players. In addition, boys and girls showed higher rates of injury during competition. This study suggests several areas for targeted evidence-based ACL injury prevention strategies in US high school soccer players.
28
Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Francis N. P. Monteiro, M. Arun, and G. Pradeep Kumar. "Mesiodistal width of canines: a tool for sex determination." Medicine, Science and the Law 52, no. 1 (November 25, 2011): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/msl.2011.010152.
Full textAbstract:
Teeth, in the living as well as the dead, are the most useful objects in the field of forensic investigation. Their ability to survive in situations like mass disasters makes them important tools in victim identification. Though the morphology and structure is similar in both men and women, there are subtle differences. Variation in dental size can give a clue about differences between the sexes. Many authors have measured the crowns of teeth in both men and women and found certain variations. Canines, reported to survive air crash and hurricane disasters, are perhaps the most stable teeth in the oral cavity because of the labiolingual thickness of the crown and the root anchorage in the alveolar process of the jaws. Measurement of mesiodistal width of the mandibular and maxillary canines provides good evidence of sex identification due to dimorphism.
29
van der Worp, Maarten P., Dominique S. M. ten Haaf, Robert van Cingel, Anton de Wijer, Maria W. G. Nijhuis-van der Sanden, and J. Bart Staal. "Injuries in Runners; A Systematic Review on Risk Factors and Sex Differences." PLOS ONE 10, no. 2 (February 23, 2015): e0114937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114937.
Full text
30
Matteucci, Michael J., Jennifer E. Hannum, Robert H. Riffenburgh, and Richard F. Clark. "Pediatric sex group differences in location of snakebite injuries requiring antivenom therapy." Journal of Medical Toxicology 3, no. 3 (September 2007): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03160919.
Full text
31
Kerbel, Yehuda E., Christopher M. Smith, John P. Prodromo, Michael I. Nzeogu, and Mary K. Mulcahey. "Epidemiology of Hip and Groin Injuries in Collegiate Athletes in the United States." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 232596711877167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118771676.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Hip and groin pain is a common complaint among athletes. Few studies have examined the epidemiology of hip and groin injuries in collegiate athletes across multiple sports. Purpose: To describe the rates, mechanisms, sex-based differences, and severity of hip/groin injuries across 25 collegiate sports. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data from the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years were obtained from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA ISP). The rate of hip/groin injuries, mechanism of injury, time lost from competition, and need for surgery were calculated. Differences between sex-comparable sports were quantified using rate ratios (RRs) and injury proportion ratios (IPRs). Results: In total, 1984 hip/groin injuries were reported, giving an overall injury rate of 53.06 per 100,000 athlete-exposures (AEs). An adductor/groin tear was the most common injury, comprising 24.5% of all injuries. The sports with the highest rates of injuries per 100,000 AEs were men’s soccer (110.84), men’s ice hockey (104.90), and women’s ice hockey (76.88). In sex-comparable sports, men had a higher rate of injuries per 100,000 AEs compared with women (59.53 vs 42.27, respectively; RR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.28-1.55]). The most common injury mechanisms were noncontact (48.4% of all injuries) and overuse/gradual (20.4%). In sex-comparable sports, men had a greater proportion of injuries due to player contact than women (17.0% vs 3.6%, respectively; IPR, 4.80 [95% CI, 3.10-7.42]), while women had a greater proportion of injuries due to overuse/gradual than men (29.1% vs 16.7%, respectively; IPR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.46-2.06]). Overall, 39.3% of hip/groin injuries resulted in time lost from competition. Only 1.3% of injuries required surgery. Conclusion: Hip/groin injuries are most common in sports that involve kicking or skating and sudden changes in direction and speed. Most hip/groin injuries in collegiate athletes are noncontact and do not result in time lost from competition, and few require surgery. This information can help guide treatment and prevention measures to limit such injuries in male and female collegiate athletes.
32
Gupta, Andrew S., Lauren A. Pierpoint, R. Dawn Comstock, and Michael G. Saper. "Sex-Based Differences in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Among United States High School Soccer Players: An Epidemiological Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 232596712091917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120919178.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common among high school athletes, with sex-based differences accounting for higher injury rates in girls. Previous epidemiological studies on ACL injuries focusing on adolescent athletes have looked at injuries across multiple sports, but few have analyzed ACL tears in solely high school soccer athletes. Purpose: To examine sex-based differences in the epidemiology of ACL injuries among high school soccer players in the United States (US). Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: ACL injury data for US high school soccer players were obtained from the internet-based National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study’s High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) system. Athletic trainers from a random sample of 100 high schools from 8 strata based on US Census geographic region reported data for athlete-exposures (AEs) (practice or competition) and ACL injuries from 2007 through 2017. Injury rates were calculated as the number of ACL injuries per 100,000 AEs. Subgroup differences were evaluated with rate ratios (RRs) or injury proportion ratios (IPRs) and 95% CIs. Statistical differences in demographics between groups were examined using independent t tests. Comparisons of categorical data (ie, level of play) were performed using the Wald chi-square test. Results: The reported number of ACL injuries corresponded to weighted national estimates of 41,025 (95% CI, 33,321-48,730) ACL injuries in boys’ soccer and 110,028 (95% CI, 95,349-124,709) in girls’ soccer during the study period. The rate of injuries was higher in girls’ soccer (13.23/100,000 AEs) than boys’ soccer (4.35/100,000 AEs) (RR, 3.04 [95% CI, 2.35-3.98]). The rate of ACL injuries was higher in competition compared with practice for girls (RR, 14.77 [95% CI, 9.85-22.15]) and boys (RR, 8.69 [95% CI, 5.01-15.08]). Overall, a smaller proportion of ACL injuries were caused by player-player contact for girls (30.1%) compared with boys (48.6%) (IPR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.41-0.93]). Conclusion: ACL injury rates and patterns in high school soccer players differed between sex, type of exposure (practice vs competition), and mechanism of injury.
33
Huang, Cheng-Yong. "Risk Factors Analysis of Car Door Crashes Based on Logistic Regression." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 10423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810423.
Full textAbstract:
Unlike door crash accidents predominantly involving bicycles in Australia, the UK, and other Western countries, cases in Taiwan are far more fatal as they usually involve motorcycles. This is due to the unique anthropogeography and transportation patterns of Taiwan, particularly the numbers of motorcycles being twice that of cars. Both path analysis and multivariate logistic regression methods were adopted in this study. The multivariate logistic regression analysis results have shown that the main risk factors causing serious injuries in door crashes include winter, morning, male motorcyclists, heavy motorcycles, and the left sides of cars. Regarding the gender differences in motorcyclists, it appears that female motorcyclists have higher door crash accident rates, while the odds of severe injury and fatality in male motorcyclists are 1.658 times greater than that of female motorcyclists. The risk factors derived from the multivariate logistic regression analysis were further discussed and analysed. It was found that the causes of serious injuries and deaths stemming from door crashes were related to the risk perception ability, reaction ability, visibility, and riding speed of the motorcyclists. Therefore, suggestions on risk management and accident prevention were proposed using advocacy through the 3E strategies of human factors engineering design.
34
Frej, D., M. Jaśkiewicz, P. Kubiak, A. Zuska, and D. Więckowski. "Frontal collision simulation in laboratory conditions." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1247, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1247/1/012026.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The article presents the displacement of individual body parts of volunteers during a controlled crash test at low speed. The crash test stand used is equipped with a vehicle seat with standard seat belts, which moves along the ramp rails. The stand enables both front, side and rear crash tests. The stand enables crash tests from 5 km/h to 20 km/h. The aim of the research is to compare the displacements of individual parts of the volunteers’ body, taking into account the division into sex. A study carried out on 130 volunteers (80 men and 50 women), at a collision speed of 15 km/h, showed slight differences in the trajectory of the volunteers’ head movement. Before the study, the volunteers were measured and weighed, and then assigned to the appropriate population percentile. Volunteers were classified into a given percentile group on the basis of the mean of 15 anthropometric dimensions of individual body parts. The obtained results are the basis for building a physical model of a dummy.
35
Mauntel, Timothy C., Eric G. Post, Darin A. Padua, and David R. Bell. "Sex Differences During an Overhead Squat Assessment." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 31, no. 4 (August 2015): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0272.
Full textAbstract:
A disparity exists between the rates of male and female lower extremity injuries. One factor that may contribute to this disparity is high-risk biomechanical patterns that are commonly displayed by females. It is unknown what biomechanical differences exist between males and females during an overhead squat. This study compared lower extremity biomechanics during an overhead squat and ranges of motion between males and females. An electromagnetic motion tracking system interfaced with a force platform was used to quantify peak lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during the descent phase of each squat. Range of motion measurements were assessed with a standard goniometer. Differences between male and female kinematics, kinetics, and ranges of motion were identified with t tests. Males displayed greater peak knee valgus angle, peak hip flexion angle, peak vertical ground reaction forces, and peak hip extension moments. Males also displayed less active ankle dorsiflexion with the knee extended and hip internal and external rotation than females. No other differences were observed. The biomechanical differences between males and females during the overhead squat may result from differences in lower extremity ranges of motion. Therefore, sex-specific injury prevention programs should be developed to improve biomechanics and ranges of motion.
36
Thompson, Trevor, Damian Poulter, Clare Miles, Marco Solmi, Nicola Veronese, André F. Carvalho, Brendon Stubbs, and Ergun Y. Uc. "Driving impairment and crash risk in Parkinson disease." Neurology 91, no. 10 (August 3, 2018): e906-e916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006132.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesTo provide the best possible evidence base for guiding driving decisions in Parkinson disease (PD), we performed a meta-analysis comparing patients with PD to healthy controls (HCs) on naturalistic, on-the-road, and simulator driving outcomes.MethodsSeven major databases were systematically searched (to January 2018) for studies comparing patients with PD to HCs on overall driving performance, with data analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsFifty studies comprising 5,410 participants (PD = 1,955, HC = 3,455) met eligibility criteria. Analysis found the odds of on-the-road test failure were 6.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.79–10.03) times higher and the odds of simulator crashes 2.63 (95% CI 1.64–4.22) times higher for people with PD, with poorer overall driving ratings also observed (standardized mean differences from 0.50 to 0.67). However, self-reported real-life crash involvement did not differ between people with PD and HCs (odds ratio = 0.84, 95% CI 0.57–1.23, p = 0.38). Findings remained unchanged after accounting for any differences in age, sex, and driving exposure, and no moderating influence of disease severity was found.ConclusionsOur findings provide persuasive evidence for substantive driving impairment in PD, but offer little support for mandated PD-specific relicensure based on self-reported crash data alone, and highlight the need for objective measures of crash involvement.
37
Kantaros, Eve, and Haylee Borgstrom. "Sex-Specific Differences in Perceived Injury Management and Prevention in High School Student-Athletes." Journal of Women's Sports Medicine 1, no. 1 (September 26, 2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53646/jwsm.v1i1.3.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Sport-related injuries are common among high school student-athletes with specific sex disparities in injury risk. Many of these injuries may be avoidable with the use of injury prevention programs (IPPs). Sex differences in injury management and return to sport are not well understood. PURPOSE: To determine sex-specific differences in self-reported injury management and prevention strategies in high school student-athletes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, survey-based study. METHODS: An anonymous 13-item electronic survey was distributed to all students in a private high school in December 2019 with responses recorded over a one-month study period. Primary outcomes were sex-specific differences in self-reported outcome measures assessing student-athlete experience during injury recovery and familiarity with IPPs. Groups were evaluated via descriptive statistics and differences between groups were compared. RESULTS: From a total of 190 responses, 106 were included in the analysis (63F, 43M, mean age 16.7 years). Female athletes reported decreased exposure to injury prevention training (44.4% vs 69.8%, p=0.01) and practice-based utilization of IPPs (23.8% vs 55.8%, p=0.001) compared to male athletes. Overall, reported utilization of IPPs was low regardless of sex at less than 40% for all athletes. Nearly 85% of female athletes compared to 51% of male athletes felt they could benefit from IPPs (p=0.001), yet fewer than half of female athletes reported ever having training in injury prevention. There were no statistically significant differences in measures of injury management or return to sport between sexes. Females reported similar major impact of injury on life and future plans compared to male athletes. CONCLUSIONS: Male athletes were 1.6x more likely to report injury prevention training and 2.4x more likely to report practice-based utilization of IPPs compared to female athletes. Sex-specific differences in injury management and return to sport were not identified. Better incorporation of IPPs, specifically at the high-school level, may help to address sex disparities in preventable sport-related injuries and allow student-athletes to maximize the myriad benefits of sport participation.
38
Hollander, Karsten, Anna Lina Rahlf, Jan Wilke, Christopher Edler, Simon Steib, Astrid Junge, and Astrid Zech. "Sex-Specific Differences in Running Injuries: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression." Sports Medicine 51, no. 5 (January 12, 2021): 1011–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01412-7.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Running is a popular sport with high injury rates. Although risk factors have intensively been investigated, synthesized knowledge about the differences in injury rates of female and male runners is scarce. Objective To systematically investigate the differences in injury rates and characteristics between female and male runners. Methods Database searches (PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, SPORTDiscus) were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using the keywords “running AND injur*”. Prospective studies reporting running related injury rates for both sexes were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the risk ratios (RR) for the occurrence of injuries in female vs. male runners. Potential moderators (effect modifiers) were analysed using meta-regression. Results After removal of duplicates, 12,215 articles were screened. Thirty-eight studies were included and the OR of 31 could be pooled in the quantitative analysis. The overall injury rate was 20.8 (95% CI 19.9–21.7) injuries per 100 female runners and 20.4 (95% CI 19.7–21.1) injuries per 100 male runners. Meta-analysis revealed no differences between sexes for overall injuries reported per 100 runners (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.90–1.10, n = 24) and per hours or athlete exposure (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69–1.27, n = 6). Female sex was associated with a more frequent occurrence of bone stress injury (RR (for males) 0.52, 95% CI 0.36–0.76, n = 5) while male runners had higher risk for Achilles tendinopathies (RR 1. 86, 95% CI 1.25–2.79, n = 2). Meta-regression showed an association between a higher injury risk and competition distances of 10 km and shorter in female runners (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.69). Conclusion Differences between female and male runners in specific injury diagnoses should be considered in the development of individualised and sex-specific prevention and rehabilitation strategies to manage running-related injuries.
39
Datta, Tapan K., David Feber, Kerrie Schattler, and Sue Datta. "Effective Safety Improvements Through Low-Cost Treatments." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1734, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1734-01.
Full textAbstract:
A vast majority of traffic crashes in urban areas occur at signalized intersections. Roadway geometry, traffic control, adjacent land uses, and environmental factors at intersections often contribute to the high incidence of traffic crashes and injuries. A public-private partnership project to identify high-crash and high-risk locations in the city of Detroit was initiated in 1996. Eighteen candidate sites were selected, and an extensive engineering study was conducted to develop countermeasures to help alleviate the traffic crash problem at the selected sites. The Automobile Association of America, Michigan, was the private partner in this joint venture and, in partnership with the city of Detroit, was a major contributor to covering the cost of improvements. The selection of countermeasures was based on state-of-the-art methodology and analysis, and implementation of the selected countermeasures at some of the sites was undertaken as the initial phase of the project. A comprehensive before-and-after evaluation study was performed at three of the improved sites. The study revealed that the safety improvements that were implemented lowered both crash and severity experience. The differences between the before and after crash frequencies proved to be statistically significant. Additionally, a benefit-cost analysis at the study locations indicated extraordinary results. This research presents the evaluation study results and discusses the countermeasures and improvements that were the most successful in mitigating traffic crash problems at the selected study locations.
40
Soames Job, R. F., and William M. Wambulwa. "Features of Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries making Road Safety more Challenging." Journal of Road Safety 31, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-20-00258.
Full textAbstract:
Low- and Middle-Income Countries suffer the large majority (93%) of global road crash deaths and face particular challenges in managing this crisis. This paper presents global data and trends revealing underlying features of the problem for LMICs. LMICs are commonly grouped and described together in road safety commentaries, yet appreciation of the substantial differences between LICs and MICs is vital. While global deaths per 100,000 people have stabilized during the UN Decade of Road Safety, the population rate has increased in LICs (by 8.2%), while decreasing in HIC and MIC. LICs have less resources to address road safety and younger populations adding to risk. Wide variations on road safety performance exist within country income groups, with some of this variance occurring systematically between regions. Absolute numbers of deaths are increasing due to increasing population and increasing vehicle fleets in LMICs compared with HICs. The capacity of MICs, and especially LICs, to manage road safety is hampered by poor crash data to guide action as well less available funding and resources to achieve safer road engineering, safer vehicles, and protect the large proportions of vulnerable road users. Road crash deaths and injuries are retarding the economic growth of LMICs and investing road safety is a costeffective means by which LMICs can move towards becoming HICs. Vital opportunities for cost-effective savings of lives and debilitating injuries in LMICs include better management of speed (especially through infrastructure), improving safety infrastructure for pedestrians, increasing seatbelt use, and shifting travel from motorcycles to buses through provision of Bus Rapid Transit systems.
41
Lin, Heng-Yu, Jian-Sing Li, Chih-Wei Pai, Wu-Chien Chien, Wen-Cheng Huang, Chin-Wang Hsu, Chia-Chieh Wu, Shih-Hsiang Yu, Wen-Ta Chiu, and Carlos Lam. "Environmental Factors Associated with Severe Motorcycle Crash Injury in University Neighborhoods: A Multicenter Study in Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 10274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610274.
Full textAbstract:
University neighborhoods in Taiwan have high-volume traffic, which may increase motorcyclists’ risk of injury. However, few studies have analyzed the environmental factors affecting motorcycle crash injury severity in university neighborhoods. In this multicenter cross-sectional study, we explored the factors that increase the severity of such injuries, especially among young adults. We retrospectively connected hospital data to the Police Traffic Accident Dataset. Areas within 500 m of a university were considered university neighborhoods. We analyzed 4751 patients, including 513 with severe injury (injury severity score ≥ 8). Multivariate analysis revealed that female sex, age ≥ 45 years, drunk driving, early morning driving, flashing signals, and single-motorcycle crashes were risk factors for severe injury. Among patients aged 18–24 years, female sex, late-night and afternoon driving, and flashing signals were risk factors. Adverse weather did not increase the risk. Time to hospital was a protective factor, reflecting the effectiveness of urban emergency medical services. Lifestyle habits among young adults, such as drunk driving incidents and afternoon and late-night driving, were also explored. We discovered that understanding chaotic traffic in the early morning, flashing signals at the intersections, and roadside obstacles is key for mitigating injury severity from motorcycle crashes in university neighborhoods.
42
Kuwahara, Ayumu, Masahito Hitosugi, Arisa Takeda, Seiji Tsujimura, and Yasuhito Miyata. "Comparison of the Injury Mechanism between Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women Vehicle Passengers Using Car Crash Test Dummies." Healthcare 10, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050884.
Full textAbstract:
This paper analyzes the kinematics and applied forces of pregnant and non-pregnant women dummies sitting in the rear seat during a frontal vehicle collision to determine differences in the features of abdominal injuries. Sled tests were conducted at 29 and 48 km/h with pregnant and non-pregnant dummies (i.e., MAMA IIB and Hybrid III). The overall kinematics of the dummy, resultant acceleration at the chest, transrational acceleration along each axis at the pelvis, and loads of the lap belt and shoulder belt were examined. The belt loads were higher for the MAMA IIB than for the Hybrid III because the MAMA IIB had a higher body mass than the Hybrid III. The differences in the lap belt loads were 1119 N at 29 km/h and 1981–2365 N at 48 km/h. Therefore, for restrained pregnant women sitting in the rear seat, stronger forces may apply to the lower abdomen during a high-velocity frontal collision. Our results suggest that for restrained pregnant women sitting in the rear seat, the severity of abdominal injuries and the risk of a negative fetal outcome depend on the collision velocity.
43
Hurtubise, Johanna M., Cheryl Beech, and Alison Macpherson. "Comparing Severe Injuries by Sex and Sport in Collegiate-Level Athletes: A Descriptive Epidemiologic Study." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 20, no. 4 (July 2015): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2014-0090.
Full textAbstract:
Context:There is a lack of research on sex differences for severe injuries across a variety of sports at the collegiate level.Objective:To compare differences in injury severity and concussion between sexes and collegiate sports.Design:Descriptive epidemiological study.Participants:1,657 injuries were analyzed from collegiate teams at York University.Data Collection and Analysis:Injuries were assessed by a certified or student athletic therapist and were categorized based on degree of tissue and/or joint damage as either severe or nonsevere. Severe injuries included those with third degree damage, while all others were classified as nonsevere. Injury severity was compared between the sexes and across different sports using Pearson chisquare analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess the relative contribution of each covariate.Results:Males sustained 1,155 injuries, with 13.3% of them being severe, while females sustained only 502 injuries, 17.7% of which were severe. The odds of sustaining severe injuries among female athletes are 1.4 times the odds of male athletes (OR: 1.40, CI 1.05−1.86). Eleven percent of all female injuries were concussions—significantly more than males (χ2 = 11.03, p = .001). The odds of female athletes having a concussion are 1.9 times the odds of a male athlete (OR: 1.85, CI 1.28−2.67).Conclusion:Based on our analysis, females are at an increased risk of sustaining a severe injury, particularly concussions. These findings highlight the need for future research into sex and sport-specific risk factors. This may provide information for health care professionals, coaches, and athletes for the proper prevention, on-field care, and treatment of sport injuries.
44
O'Sullivan, Lucy, and Miho J. Tanaka. "Sex-based Differences in Hamstring Injury Risk Factors." Journal of Women's Sports Medicine 1, no. 1 (September 26, 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53646/jwsm.v1i1.8.
Full textAbstract:
Hamstring injuries (HSI) are common in a number of different sports and can confer a significant burden to both male and female athletes. Though research on HSIs in the female athlete population is lacking, current literature suggests male athletes are between two to four times more likely than female athletes to sustain an HSI. Despite this discrepancy, the role of intrinsic sex differences in HSI risk factors has not been previously explored. This review aims to summarize these sex-based differences in HSI risk factors and their influence on the lower rate of HSIs seen in female athletes as compared to male athletes. Women exhibit increased hamstring flexibility and decreased hamstring musculotendinous stiffness as compared to men; women are also shown to be more resistant to skeletal muscle fatigue. Sex differences in the hamstring to quadriceps ratio and certain lower limb morphologies may also contribute to the sex discrepancy in HSI rates. This remains an area for future research in order to understand the multifaceted nature of HSI injury risk factors and optimize HSI rehabilitation and prevention programs for both male and female athletes.
45
Weaver, Jessica L., Keith R. Miller, Matthew Benns, and Brian G. Harbrecht. "Moped Crashes are Just as Dangerous as Motorcycle Crashes." American Surgeon 84, no. 6 (June 2018): 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481808400626.
Full textAbstract:
Mopeds’ (MP) limited speed gives the impression that they are safer than motorcycles (MCs), but factors other than speed may contribute to crash outcome. Records of patients involved in MC or MP crashes evaluated at the University of Louisville Hospital emergency department between 2010 and 2014 were reviewed. Among patients who required hospital admission, the frequency of rib fractures, hemo- or pneumothorax, abdominal injury, extremity injury, and vertebral body fractures were greater in the MC group, whereas head and facial injuries were more common in the MP group. Positive toxicology screens were equivalent (MC 51.8% vs MP 56.8%, P = 0.25), and fewer MP riders wore helmets (33.8% vs 9.2%, P < 0.01). The injury severity score for MC was higher (15.2 vs 13.9, P = 0.039), but mortality was equivalent between groups (7.5 vs 7.6%, P = 0.98). Among patients discharged from the emergency department with minor injuries, frequency of all injury types were equivalent. Although MC patients had a statistically higher injury severity score, differences were clinically similar with equal mortality rate. Moped riders are just as likely to suffer death or serious injury after a crash compared with MC riders, and injury prevention efforts should be aimed at both groups.
46
Cullen, Patricia, Holger Möller, Mark Woodward, Teresa Senserrick, Soufiane Boufous, Kris Rogers, Julie Brown, and Rebecca Ivers. "Are there sex differences in crash and crash-related injury between men and women? A 13-year cohort study of young drivers in Australia." SSM - Population Health 14 (June 2021): 100816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100816.
Full text
47
Jones, Jacob, Luke Radel, Kyle Garcia, David Soma, and Dai Sugimoto. "Sex and Age Comparisons of Pediatric Track & Field Hurdle Injuries." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 5_suppl2 (May 1, 2022): 2325967121S0044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00441.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Track & field has more participants compared to any other high school sport and continues to gain popularity among middle school aged kids. Among many events, hurdles is unique because there is continued running with repeated jumping over an apparatus. Although serious injury has been anecdotally reported, there are few studies describing pediatric hurdle injuries including sex and age differences. Purpose: To investigate hurdle-related injury types and body locations based on age and sex among children and adolescents. Methods: Hurdle related injury data was extracted from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), which represents emergency room visits. The search period was a 10-years (2008-2017). The eligibility criteria was < 18 years of age. Injuries were then classified based upon injury type and body location(s) involved. A chi-square (x2) analysis was employed to assess proportional differences of top three hurdle related injury types and body locations by age (<14 years vs. >15 years) and sex (male vs. female). Statistical significance was set as p<0.05. Results: A total of 749 cases related to hurdle injuries were extracted. Among recorded 749 injuries, traumatic fractures (N=218, 29.1%), joint sprain (N=191, 25.5%), and contusion/hematoma/bruise (N=78, 10.4%) were found as the top three most commonly sustained injuries. Chi-square (x2)analysis found more traumatic fractures in <14 years (34.1%) compared to >15 years (21.5%, p=0.001) while more joint sprain was identified in >15 years (29.6%) than <14 years (22.8%, p=0.036). Regarding sex comparisons, males had more traumatic fractures (35.1%) than females (24.3%, p=0.001). Conversely, females sustained more joint sprains (29.1%) and contusion/hematoma/bruise (12.7%) than males (joint sprain, 21.0%, p=0.012; contusion/hematoma/bruise, 7.5%, p=0.020). The top 3 injured body locations were ankle (N=140, 18.7%), knee (N=120, 16.0%), and wrist (N=69, 9.2%). No differences were found between body locations and age; however, statistical differences were detected by sex comparisons. Ankle injury was more common in females (24.0%) than males (12.0%, p=0.001). Yet, injury at wrist was more prevalent in males (11.7%) compared to females (7.2%, p=0.034). Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that hurdle injury types seen in the emergency room differ by sex and age: more fractures are seen in males and younger pediatric populations while more sprains are seen in females and older adolescents. These findings may be helpful in event planning and may also play a role in injury prevention.
48
Wright, Aidan P., Aaron J. Zynda, Jane S. Chung, Philip L. Wilson, Henry B. Ellis, and Shane M. Miller. "PEAK LOWER EXTREMITY SOCCER INJURIES OCCUR IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING GROWTH IN ADOLESCENTS: AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEW OF EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISITS." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (April 1, 2020): 2325967120S0021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00214.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Soccer has become the most popular youth sport in the world. Within the last decade, there has been limited epidemiologic research on pediatric soccer-related injuries based on sex and age. PURPOSE: To examine trends associated with soccer injuries presenting to emergency departments and to describe differences in injury pattern and location based on sex and age during periods of growth. METHODS: An epidemiologic study was conducted utilizing publicly accessible data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). The NEISS compiles Emergency Department (ED) data on all injuries presenting to the approximately 100 participating network hospitals in the United States. Information on all soccer-related injuries occurring in ages 7-19 from January 2009 – December 2018 was extracted and summary statistics were calculated. RESULTS: Approximately 54,287 pediatric soccer-related injuries were identified. The average age for all injuries was 13.3 years, and males (60.50%) presented more often than females (39.50%). Concussions and head injuries (15.57%) were most commonly reported overall, with a greater percentage occurring in females than males (17.44% vs. 14.35%). The ankle (15.3%) was the second most common injury location with females also presenting more commonly than males (18.71% vs. 13.62%). Age and sex-based evaluation noted peaks in lower extremity injuries in females younger than in males. Both ankle (F=13-15 years, M=15-17 years) and knee (F=14 years, M=16 years) injuries peaked at ages coinciding with recognized sex-based lower extremity skeletal maturity (Figure 1). CONCLUSION: Peak pediatric soccer-related ankle and knee injuries presenting to emergency departments occur at different ages in females and males and appear to, on average, coincide with maturation (age 14 in females and 16 in males). Lower extremity injuries significantly increase nearing the completion of lower extremity growth, and may indicate appropriate timing for differential sex-specific injury prevention programs within soccer. [Figure: see text]
49
Brown, Peter R. "Short- and long-term demographic changes in house mouse populations after control in dryland farming systems in Australia." Wildlife Research 33, no. 6 (2006): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06026.
Full textAbstract:
In Australia, outbreaks of house mice (Mus domesticus) cause significant damage to agricultural crops. Rodenticides are used to reduce damage to crops, but the demographic consequences of applying rodenticides are poorly understood. Furthermore, it is not known whether the reduction induced by rodenticides would be similar to that of a natural crash in abundance at the end of mouse outbreaks. I compared the demographic responses of populations of mice to broad-scale field application of fast-acting, acute rodenticides (strychnine and zinc phosphide) in three grain-growing regions of Australia on baited and unbaited sites through live-trapping of mouse populations before baiting and up to four months after baiting. The reductions in population density in each region immediately after baiting were <40%, 92% and 98%. There were few consistent changes in demographic responses across the three regions for bodyweight (no change, increased or decreased), proportion of juveniles (increased or decreased), sex ratio (no change or bias towards females), survival (no change or decreased) and relative body condition (no change or increased). The differences in demographic responses appeared to be related to differences in the efficacy of the rodenticide. A natural crash in densities occurred over a 2–4-week period after baiting and induced a >85% decline in population densities across all regions on baited and unbaited sites. The natural crash caused increases and decreases in bodyweights, a reduction in the proportion of juveniles, male bias, poor survival and poor relative body condition. Poor survival was the only demographic parameter that was consistent for baiting and the natural crash. Five of seven demographic responses for mice during the natural crash were similar to those found in the literature for the decline phase of cyclic vole and lemming populations in the Northern Hemisphere. These results raise the question of whether mouse populations should be baited if a natural crash would occur anyway, but the timing of the natural crash is always uncertain and rodenticides are inexpensive.
50
Lievers, W. Brent, Katie A. Goggins, and Peter Adamic. "Epidemiology of Foot Injuries Using National Collegiate Athletic Association Data From the 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015 Seasons." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-560-18.
Full textAbstract:
Context Researchers analyzing data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program have not considered the differences in foot injuries across specific sports and between males and females. Objective To describe the epidemiologic differences in rates of overall foot injuries and common injuries among sports and between sexes. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Online injury-surveillance data from 15 unique sports involving males and females that demonstrated 1967 injuries over 4 821 985 athlete-exposures. Patients or Other Participants Male and female athletes competing in National Collegiate Athletic Association sports from the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 seasons. Main Outcome Measure(s) Foot injury rates (per 10 000 athlete-exposures) and the proportion of foot injuries were calculated for each sport. The effect of sex was calculated using Poisson-derived confidence intervals for 8 paired sports. A risk analysis was performed using a 3 × 3 quantitative injury risk-assessment matrix based on both injury rate and mean days of time loss. Results Foot injury rates differed between sports, with the highest rates in female gymnastics, male and female cross-country, and male and female soccer athletes. Cross-country and track and field had the highest proportions of foot injuries for both female and male sports. The 5 most common injuries were foot/toe contusions, midfoot injuries, plantar fascia injuries, turf toe, and metatarsal fractures. Only track and field athletes demonstrated a significant sex difference in injury rates, with female athletes having the higher rate. The quantitative injury risk-assessment matrix identified the 4 highest-risk injuries, considering both rate and severity, as metatarsal fractures, plantar fascia and midfoot injuries, and foot/toe contusions. Conclusions Important differences were present among sports in terms of injury rates, the most common foot injuries, and the risk (combination of frequency and severity) of injury. These differences warrant further study to determine the mechanisms of injury and target intervention efforts.