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Academic literature on the topic 'Crash injuries Psychological aspects'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Crash injuries Psychological aspects"

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Kelleher, John C. "Psychological aspects of hand injuries." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 85, no. 3 (March 1990): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199003000-00062.

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Patankar, Aneesh G., Melissa A. Christino, and Matthew D. Milewski. "Psychological Aspects of Adolescent Knee Injuries." Clinics in Sports Medicine 41, no. 4 (October 2022): 595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2022.05.003.

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Meyer, Therese M. "Psychological aspects of mutilating hand injuries." Hand Clinics 19, no. 1 (February 2003): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0712(02)00056-2.

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Doohan, Isabelle, Ulf Björnstig, Ulrika Östlund, and Britt-Inger Saveman. "Exploring Injury Panorama, Consequences, and Recovery among Bus Crash Survivors: A Mixed-Methods Research Study." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 2 (January 30, 2017): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16001485.

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AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore physical and mental consequences and injury mechanisms among bus crash survivors to identify aspects that influence recovery.MethodsThe study participants were the total population of survivors (N=56) from a bus crash in Sweden. The study had a mixed-methods design that provided quantitative and qualitative data on injuries, mental well-being, and experiences. Results from descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were interpreted and integrated in a mixed-methods analysis.ResultsAmong the survivors, 11 passengers (20%) sustained moderate to severe injuries, and the remaining 45 (80%) had minor or no physical injuries. Two-thirds of the survivors screened for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) risk were assessed, during the period of one to three months after the bus crash, as not being at-risk, and the remaining one-third were at-risk. The thematic analysis resulted in themes covering the consequences and varying aspects that affected the survivors’ recoveries. The integrated findings are in the form of four “core cases” of survivors who represent a combination of characteristics: injury severity, mental well-being, social context, and other aspects hindering and facilitating recovery. Core case Avery represents a survivor who had minor or no injuries and who demonstrated a successful mental recovery. Core case Blair represents a survivor with moderate to severe injuries who experienced a successful mental recovery. Core case Casey represents a survivor who sustained minor injuries or no injuries in the crash but who was at-risk of developing PTSD. Core case Daryl represents a survivor who was at-risk of developing PTSD and who also sustained moderate to severe injuries in the crash.ConclusionThe present study provides a multi-faceted understanding of mass-casualty incident (MCI) survivors (ie, having minor injuries does not always correspond to minimal risk for PTSD and moderate to severe injuries do not always correspond to increased risk for PTSD). Injury mitigation measures (eg, safer roadside material and anti-lacerative windows) would reduce the consequences of bus crashes. A well-educated rescue team and a compassionate and competent social environment will facilitate recovery.DoohanI,BjörnstigU,ÖstlundU,SavemanBI.Exploring injury panorama, consequences, and recovery among bus crash survivors: a mixed-methods research study.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(2):165–174.
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Ardern, Clare L., Joanna Kvist, and Kate E. Webster. "Psychological Aspects of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries." Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine 24, no. 1 (March 2016): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2015.09.006.

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Partridge, Clare. "Spinal cord injuries: aspects of psychological care." British Journal of Nursing 3, no. 1 (January 13, 1994): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.1994.3.1.12.

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Turner, Patricia A., and Nevine Georggi. "Analysis of Alcohol-Related Motorcycle Crashes in Florida and Recommended Countermeasures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1779, no. 1 (January 2001): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1779-25.

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Although much progress has been made in reducing alcohol-related crash fatalities involving motor vehicles, the same success has not been demonstrated with motorcycles. Because the problem associated with drinking and riding is significant in Florida, the Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUTR) conducted a comprehensive analysis of motorcycle-alcohol crashes from 1993 to 1997 to understand how and why these crashes occur. CUTR also surveyed states about alcohol programs that target motorcyclists to gather information on potential countermeasures to reduce motorcycle-alcohol injuries and deaths in Florida. The study examined human-related and physical aspects of alcohol-related motorcycle crashes over the 5-year period to help establish an identity for this crash type. Examined human-related crash aspects included age and gender, alcohol use, licensing status, and helmet usage. Physical crash aspects examined included temporal patterns—time of day, day of week, and monthly trends—and contributing factors—first harmful event, road, environmental, and human factors—that cause bodily injuries or property damage. Major study recommendations include increasing efforts to get more motorcyclists properly licensed, greater exposure of messages to motorcyclists about the dangers of drinking and riding, and focused statewide public education and information campaigns. The study concludes with five major categories of countermeasures and recommendations to address the motorcycle-alcohol problem, including public information and education campaigns, promotional activities, enforcement efforts, community-based interventions, and data-collection needs.
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HAESE, JULIA B. "Psychological Aspects of Hand Injuries their Treatment and Rehabilitation." Journal of Hand Surgery 10, no. 3 (October 1985): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681_85_80044-9.

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Psychological factors related to the treatment and rehabilitation of hand-injured patients were identified by interviewing of thirty patients under treatment. Findings were compared with those reported in the literature. Concern for inactivity, desire to return to work, and effort toward recovery were identified as significantly common factors; pain and fear of disfigurement were not. Patients perceived themselves as making the greatest effort toward recovery but not that this was the most important factor in the recovery process. Responsibility varied significantly among the early, middle, and final phases of treatment. The results of the investigation were discussed in relation to hand-rehabilitation and implications for counselling and occupational therapy.
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HAESE, J. "Psychological aspects of hand injuries their treatment and rehabilitation." Journal of Hand Surgery: British & European Volume 10, no. 3 (October 1985): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(85)80044-9.

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Larson, Gerald A., Chad Starkey, and Leonard D. Zaichkowsky. "Psychological Aspects of Athletic Injuries as Perceived by Athletic Trainers." Sport Psychologist 10, no. 1 (March 1996): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.10.1.37.

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This study investigated the perceptions of certified athletic trainers concerning their attitudes, beliefs, and application of a variety of psychological strategies and techniques used in the treatment and rehabilitation of athletic injuries. The Athletic Training and Sport Psychology Questionnaire (ATSPQ) was adapted from instruments developed by Wiese, Weiss, and Yukelson (1991) and Brewer, Van Raalte, and Linder (1991). The ATSPQ, a letter of introduction, and a self-addressed stamped envelope were distributed to 1,000 certified athletic trainers randomly selected from the membership database maintained by the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA). Only 482 (48.2%) of these questionnaires returned were usable. 47% of athletic trainers who responded believe that every injured athlete suffers psychological trauma. 24% reported that they have referred an athlete for counseling for situations related to their injury, and 25% reported that they have a sport psychologist as a member of their sports medicine team. This study concludes that future education of athletic trainers should address the psychological aspects of injury treatment as well as the development of a sport psychology referral network.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crash injuries Psychological aspects"

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Ribbe, David Paul. "Chronic psychological and psychophysiological sequelae among adolescents following a traumatic bus crash." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40472.

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This study examined chronic psychological and psychophysiological post-traumatic sequelae among eleven adolescent survivors of a fatal bus crash by means of a multimethod strategy. Measures included a structured DSM-m-R post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) interview using the Diagnostic Interview for Children and AdolescentsRevised (DICA-R), self-report measures of PTSD symptoms with the Reaction Index, and the Impact of Events Scale. Other measures of stress-related symptomatology included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Fear Survey Schedule-IT, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Anxiety Frequency Index, and Beck Depression Inventory. In addition, heart rate (HR) reactivity to mental arithmetic (MA), demographic questions, and crash questions was assessed. Survivors were compared to control subjects matched for age, gender, race, and socioeconomic status, among other demographic characteristics. Multivariate analyses of the psychiatric interview data indicated that survivors evidenced significantly higher levels of past PTSD symptoms experienced after the crash, with a significant group by gender interaction, F (3,17) = 5.22, P = .01. Current (past month) levels of PTSD symptoms were also significantly higher among survivors four years after the crash, F (3,17) = 8.82, P < .01, although PTSD symptomatology decreased overall during that time, F (3,17) = 15.52, P < .01. Survivors and controls did not differ significantly on other measures of PTSD and other stress-related symptomatology. Repeated measures analyses of HR response scores revealed greater HR reactivity to questions about the crash among survivors, F (1, 14) = 18.55, P < .01, and by gender, F (1, 14) = 5.21, P = .04. Similar analyses found greater variability in survivors' HR standard deviations (an index of autonomic lability) F (1,14) = 5.21, P = .03 in response to the crash interview. Survivors' HR did not differ from controls' on the MA task. Findings are discussed theoretically and methodologically within the contexts of neurological and conditioning models of PTSD. No relationship between HR reactivity and psychiatric symptomatology was found. Furthermore, this investigation did not fmd support for the neurological kindling theory. Areas of future research using psychophysiological assessment are proposed to more specifically elicit autonomic arousal. Detailed case studies of four individual response patterns are included as a heuristic for further physiological research and for clinical applications with adolescent trauma victims.
Ph. D.
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Kivioja, Jouko. "Patient-related aspects on WAD /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-956-0/.

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Tse, Yuen-kwan. "Impact of traumatic events on patients with physical injuries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29759304.

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Webb, Scott A. "Psychological care of the injured athelte [sic]." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1036199.

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This study has examined the aspect of psychological care for the injured athlete at the Division 1A collegiate level. The specific areas examined were those of the mental impact of injury, services available, potential barriers, funding, and referrals. An additional aspect of this study that was examined was differences between conferences in the psychological care practices of the injured athlete. It was found that the largest barrier to successful psychological rehabilitation of the injured athlete was athlete compliance, despite support from others and available services. No significant differences were found to exist between conferences and the psychological care of the injured athlete.
School of Physical Education
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Wong, Pui-Ying. "Attention deficits after mild head injury." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2972661X.

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杜明德 and Beng-teck Benedict Taw. "The socio-economic impact of mild head injury in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41650840.

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Jackson, Stacy. "Self-Efficacy and Fears of Pain and Injury in Gymnastics and Tumbling: Does a Previous Injury Matter?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33172/.

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The purpose of this study was to explore whether a previous gymnastic or tumbling injury influences gymnasts' and tumblers' self-efficacy, motivation, competition anxiety, and fears of pain and injury. Participants (N = 105) completed survey packets during practice which contained demographic questions and questionnaires that measure self-efficacy for physical abilities and exercise, self-motivation, risk of injury, pain catastrophizing, and sport anxiety. Results of a one-way ANOVA indicated that gymnasts and tumblers who experienced a previous injury were significantly different than those who had not experienced an injury on their self-efficacy for physical abilities (p = .007), self-motivation (p = .007), and perceived risk of reinjury (p = .018). Specifically, these findings indicate that gymnasts and tumblers with previous injuries experience higher levels of self-efficacy for physical abilities, self-motivation, and perceived risk of reinjury. Implications for coaches, gymnasts, and tumblers include: creating an open and comfortable environment to discuss pain and injury, developing strategies to break the negative cycle of fear of injury, and fostering a positive rehabilitation process. In the future, researchers should examine the influence that gender and type of competition has on self-efficacy, self-motivation, perceived risk of reinjury, pain perceptions, and competition anxiety of those who have experienced sport-related injuries, as compared to those who have not experienced these types of injuries. Researchers should also examine how the type of injury, whether it is a first time injury versus a reinjury, influences perceptions of pain and fears directly following the injury.
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Bergandi, Thomas A. "Attentional style as a predictor of athletic injury." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/414555.

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Fore, Todd A. "Predicting Workers' Compensation Claims and On-the-Job Injuries Using Four Psychological Measures." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278884/.

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This study assessed the predictive validity of four independent factors (Rotter Locus of Control Scale, Safety Locus of Control, Organizational Attribution Style Questionnaire, and Rosenburg Self-Esteem Scale) in the establishment of a measure of safety consciousness in predicting on-the-job injuries and the filing of workers' compensation claims. A 125-item questionnaire was designed and administered to assess participants' disposition on each of the four psychological dimensions, demographic data and on-the-job injury information.
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Shapcott, Erin J. B. "Explanatory style and concussed athletes." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83840.

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Those with an optimistic explanatory style have generally been linked with improved mental and physical health across a variety of chronic and serious conditions. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of explanatory style on sport related concussions. University varsity athletes (n = 348) from six interdependent team sports at two universities completed both the Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Sport History Questionnaire to examine personality variables and concussion rehabilitation. Overall, the findings indicated that explanatory style did not influence concussion recovery. However, it did effect concussion prevalence, with pessimists experiencing significantly more concussions. Furthermore, various gender differences were demonstrated for concussion prevalence and recovery. The current results help understand the psychology of concussions, as well as concussion prevention efforts and management strategies.
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Books on the topic "Crash injuries Psychological aspects"

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Lowenstein, L. F. The psychological aspects of personal injuries. Chichester: Barry Rose Law Publishers, 2002.

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Hanley, Paul F. Using crash costs in safety analysis. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa, Public Policy Center, 2004.

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Crash TV: Filosofia dell'odio televisivo. Roma: Coniglio, 2009.

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Sharon, Smith Betty, ed. Coping with sports injuries. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1992.

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Farelli, Anthony D. Sport participation: Health benefits, injuries and psychological effects. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publisher's, Inc., 2011.

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Shel, Taylor, ed. Psychological approaches to sports injury rehabilitation. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1997.

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Johnson, Urban. The long term injured competitive athlete: A study of psychosocial risk factors. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1997.

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Trieschmann, Roberta B. Spinal cord injuries: Psychological, social and vocational rehabilitation. 2nd ed. New York, New York: Demos, 1988.

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Trieschmann, Roberta B. Spinal cord injuries: Psychological, social, and vocational rehabilitation. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y: Demos, 1988.

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Baker, Kathryn S. Brain injuries: New research. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crash injuries Psychological aspects"

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Weber, Johanna, and Manfred Wegner. "Psychological aspects in Handball Injuries." In Handball Sports Medicine, 639–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55892-8_45.

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Podlog, Leslie, John Heil, Stefanie Podlog, and Chris Hammer. "Historical perspectives of athletic injuries and concussions." In Psychological Aspects of Sport-Related Concussions, 8–19. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351200516-2.

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Kristianssen, Ann-Catrin. "Establishing Vision Zero in New York City – The Story of a Pioneer." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_20-1.

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AbstractVision Zero was established in 2014 as the foundation of the New York City road safety policy. The purpose of this chapter is to understand why and how Vision Zero was introduced as well as by whom and with what tools. The chapter focuses on understanding this policy change in New York City and is based on a document study and 18 semi-structured interview with 19 respondents city administration staff, researchers, media, and NGOs. The analysis is made by looking closer at the state of four aspects by the time of the establishment of Vision Zero – problem framing, policy formulation, political actors, and proposed solutions. This theoretical framework is mainly based on the work of John Kingdon (Agenda, Alternatives, and Public Policies. Little, Brown, Boston, 1984) and Michael Howlett (Public Policy Adm 34(4):405–430, 2019). The chapter states that there were several factors leading to the adoption of Vision Zero. First, the road safety problems were not as serious as in many other regions of the USA, but compared to other major cities in the western world, the fatalities and serious injuries in New York City were deemed unacceptable by politicians, NGOs, and the public. The imminent problem on the ground was further emphasized by several high-profile cases of child fatalities in traffic crashes. Second, the Vision Zero policy or philosophy was a coherent and above all a successfully tested policy based on a scientific foundation. The credit for introducing Vision Zero in the New York City context is given to non-governmental organizations such as Transportation Alternatives and Families for Safe Streets and specific public administrators in key positions. These actors were all searching for new solutions, and as the politicians placed road safety high on the agenda, a window of opportunity was opened to Vision Zero. In addition, politicians, with the support and pressure from NGOs, established a policy program based on Vision Zero, and this program further established a belief in Vision Zero as a credible way forward. There was and is criticism directed towards the policy based on equity and that Vision Zero risks strengthening discriminatory structures. The basic idea of adapting the physical infrastructure to accommodate human mistakes is challenging in many American contexts, but in a diverse city such as New York, this approach may be able to address equity, according to several respondents, if based on solid crash data. The Vision Zero in New York City differs from the original Swedish version in mainly two ways: the focus in New York on law enforcement and on the behavior of the individual road user.
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Kristianssen, Ann-Catrin. "Establishing Vision Zero in New York City: The Story of a Pioneer." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 571–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_20.

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AbstractVision Zero was established in 2014 as the foundation of the New York City road safety policy. The purpose of this chapter is to understand why and how Vision Zero was introduced as well as by whom and with what tools. The chapter focuses on understanding this policy change in New York City and is based on a document study and 18 semi-structured interview with 19 respondents city administration staff, researchers, media, and NGOs. The analysis is made by looking closer at the state of four aspects by the time of the establishment of Vision Zero – problem framing, policy formulation, political actors, and proposed solutions. This theoretical framework is mainly based on the work of John Kingdon (Agenda, Alternatives, and Public Policies. Little, Brown, Boston, 1984) and Michael Howlett (Public Policy Adm 34(4):405–430, 2019). The chapter states that there were several factors leading to the adoption of Vision Zero. First, the road safety problems were not as serious as in many other regions of the USA, but compared to other major cities in the western world, the fatalities and serious injuries in New York City were deemed unacceptable by politicians, NGOs, and the public. The imminent problem on the ground was further emphasized by several high-profile cases of child fatalities in traffic crashes. Second, the Vision Zero policy or philosophy was a coherent and above all a successfully tested policy based on a scientific foundation. The credit for introducing Vision Zero in the New York City context is given to non-governmental organizations such as Transportation Alternatives and Families for Safe Streets and specific public administrators in key positions. These actors were all searching for new solutions, and as the politicians placed road safety high on the agenda, a window of opportunity was opened to Vision Zero. In addition, politicians, with the support and pressure from NGOs, established a policy program based on Vision Zero, and this program further established a belief in Vision Zero as a credible way forward. There was and is criticism directed towards the policy based on equity and that Vision Zero risks strengthening discriminatory structures. The basic idea of adapting the physical infrastructure to accommodate human mistakes is challenging in many American contexts, but in a diverse city such as New York, this approach may be able to address equity, according to several respondents, if based on solid crash data. The Vision Zero in New York City differs from the original Swedish version in mainly two ways: the focus in New York on law enforcement and on the behavior of the individual road user.
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Grunert, Brad K., Jo M. Weis, and Kimberly J. Anderson. "Psychological Aspects of Mutilating Hand Injuries." In The Mutilated Hand, 509–18. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-56053-446-4.50041-1.

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Phillips, Claire. "Burn injuries: psychological and social aspects." In Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine, 572–76. Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511543579.130.

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Cockerill, Ian M. "Psychological aspects of sports injuries and overtraining." In Physiotherapy: a Psychosocial Approach, 302–12. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-0176-4.50025-4.

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Granacher, Robert P., Danielle B. Kushner, and Jacob C. Holzer. "Clinical Psychiatric and Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Lone-Actor Terrorism." In Lone-Actor Terrorism, 40–56. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190929794.003.0004.

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Individuals who engage in violence defined as “lone-actor terrorism” vary widely—in background, ideology, and the etiological “drive” of their behavior, methodology, and geographic site of the index incident. In addition to these factors, clinical variables are present in at least some if not most cases. These variables include clinical conditions such as schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders, personality disorders, traumatic brain injuries, autistic spectrum disorders and substance abuse, adjustment difficulties, and psychological trauma. This chapter reviews two important areas: the first section explores a limited number of cases with respect to clinical aspects to highlight the variance in clinical aspects, and the second section reviews different mechanisms, as found in some conditions, which may be relevant in individual cases of lone-actor terrorism.
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Podlog, Leslie, Stefanie Podlog, and Jeffrey G. Caron. "Injury and Concussion." In Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology, 293–307. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197512494.003.0021.

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Research on the psychological aspects of sport injury has flourished over the past 30 years. Evidence suggests that a variety of intra- (e.g., stress, motivation, self-efficacy beliefs) and interpersonal (e.g., patient-practitioner relationships, social support) factors play a key role in injury risk, rehabilitation, and return to play. In the present chapter, we first synthesize cutting-edge research on psychological factors influencing musculoskeletal and concussive injury risk, rehabilitation, and return to play. We argue that scholarship on the psychological aspects of sport injuries has traditionally been siloed and/or limited in focus. The second section of the chapter expounds upon five major research questions designed to advance theory, methods, and injury-related practice. These research questions are put forth in the hope that they can contribute to the continued growth and interest in research around the psychological aspects of musculoskeletal and concussive injury.
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Zalsman, Gil, Nir Madjar, and Gal Shoval. "The link between physical disorders and suicidality in children and adolescents." In Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention, edited by Danuta Wasserman and Camilla Wasserman, 587–92. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0068.

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The existence of physical disorders and disabilities has been associated with suicidal behaviour among adults. Though relatively less often studied in children and adolescents, a growing body of evidence supports a similar link in this population as well. This text describes recent studies on suicidality among young patients with diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injuries, and physical injuries. Suggested models addressing biological, psychological, and social aspects relevant to the possible pathophysiological mechanisms linking physical disorders and disabilities to suicidal behaviour in the paediatric age group are also discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Crash injuries Psychological aspects"

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Sapegina, T. A. "SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL CULTURE." In Х Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/fks-2020/55.

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The main goal of adaptive physical culture should be the socialization of a person's personality with health restrictions, raising the level of quality of life, filling it with new meaning, new emotions, feelings, and not only treatment and rehabilitation after diseases and injuries through physical exercises.
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Redkar, Sangram, Tom Sugar, Bill Dillard, and Karthik Narayanan. "Inertial Sensing of Dummy Kinematics." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87051.

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Motor vehicle crashes claim over 40,000 lives and injure over two million people each year in the United States. To reduce the number of injuries and fatalities through vehicle design improvements, it is important to study occupant kinematics and related injury mechanisms during crashes. Occupant motion in crash tests is typically measured with high speed video, spatial scanning, direct field sensing, and inertial sensing. In this work, we present simulation and testing results on inertial sensing of dummy kinematics based on a novel algorithm known as Quaternion Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Signal Processing for Biomechanics (QFLASP-B). This approach uses three angular rates and three accelerations (one gyroscope-accelerometer pair about each axis) per rigid body to compute orientations (roll, pitch and yaw), positions and velocities in the inertial (fixed) reference frame. In QFLASP-B, quaternion errors and gyro biases are calculated and used in an adaptive loop to remove their effects. The Fuzzy Estimator at the core of the algorithm consists of a fuzzification process, an inference mechanism, a Rule Base and a defuzzification process. In this paper, we examine those aspects of the QFLASP-B Fuzzy Estimator critical to accurate kinematics sensing, hardware and software implementations and experimental results compared with traditional approaches.
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Miscia, Giuseppe, Vincenzo Rotondella, Andrea Baldini, Enrico Bertocchi, and Luca D’Agostino. "Aluminum Structures in Automotive: Experimental and Numerical Investigation for Advanced Crashworthiness." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51724.

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Ductility of aluminum alloys is highly used in automotive applications where crashworthiness becomes relevant. Due to its physical and mechanical properties, aluminum allows structures to be designed with good capacity to absorb energy, without increasing the overall weight of cars. In particular, high elongation allows for the conversion of a great amount of kinetic energy related to crash events in plastic deformation. If this was not the case, the energy involved during an accident could interest also the occupants, causing serious injuries. During large deformation of structures, chassis components may be subjected to failure, limiting the capacity of energy absorption. Therefore, the capability to predict the behavior of structures under crash loads becomes very important during the cars design process. Under these circumstances, finite element analysis is useful to simulate the response and to validate a project. In the last few years, prediction of materials behavior has become relevant in order to simulate in the best possible way the reaction of structures under dynamic loads. Contrary to what was expected, aluminum alloy might show anisotropic behavior after manufacturing processes. Extrusion, lamination and forging processes can modify crystallography, grains shape, precipitates and dislocations structures, affecting considerably the plastic properties. Furthermore, the failure limit strictly depends on the stress-strain state in the material during the crash event. Tensile state, shear state, compressive state and mixing states generally return different failure limits. Hence, it is indispensable to arrange a huge experimental campaign to define a thorough characterization of an aluminum alloy. Finite element (FE) codes give the possibility to include all these aspects, but several parameters need to be finely tuned. By limiting the number of tests, the present work aims at obtaining the numerical-experimental correlation of some crash absorbers during an impact. Tensile and shear specimens have been cut from the extruded parts of the chassis in 0°, 45° and 90° with respect to the extrusion direction. It is possible to define a fracture locus curve that identifies the equivalent strain limit of the aluminum alloys studied. For instance, Johnson-Cook and Bao-Wierzbicki criteria for aluminum alloys have been defined starting from a complete experimental campaign. They also give approximated analytical functions to define the entire fracture locus curve depending on the stress state. Uniaxial tensile and shear failure limits are the only ones taken into account in this work. Different hypothesis have been considered to define the rest of the fracture locus. Tuning the function parameters of the chosen criteria, a failure curve for compression, shear, tensile and mixing states have been set according to the experimental tests performed. The material card obtained has been further refined during the numerical-experimental correlation of both the samples and the crash absorbers: mesh size effects have been taken into account to assess the approximations of stress and strain into shell elements. In this work, fine mesh is only used during the initial correlation of specimens. This allows for considerably reducing the computational time of FE models studied. Acceleration signals and failures have been monitored in the crash absorbers. A high correlation between the experimental and numerical tests have validated the current methodology. Because of the few experimental tests performed on samples, it is not possible to study the exact mesh scaling effects at the beginning. Further refining is needed during the correlation of the whole component to get the right failures. In any case, the error given by the experimental dispersion could compromise the correlation and this is the reason why accuracy is not always necessary during the first phases of the correlation settings.
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4

Bordegoni, Monica, Marina Carulli, and Yuan Shi. "Investigating the Use of Smell in Vehicle-Driver Interaction." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60541.

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Every year approximately more than one million people die on world’s road. Human factors are the largest contributing factors to the traffic crashes and fatality, and recent researches have identified drivers’ cognitive aspect as the major cause of human errors in 80% of crash events. Thus, the development of countermeasures to manage drivers’ cognitive aspect is an important challenge to address. Driver-Assistance Systems have been developed and integrated into vehicles to acquire data about the environment and the driver, and to communicate information to the driver, usually via the senses of vision and hearing. Unfortunately, these senses are already subjected to high demands, and the visual and auditory stimuli can be underestimate or considered as annoying. However, other sensory channels could be used to elicit the drivers’ cognitive aspect. In particular, smell can impact on various aspects of humans’ psychological state, such as people’s attention level, and can induce activation states in people. The research presented in this paper aims at investigating whether olfactory stimuli, instead of auditory ones, can be used to influence the cognitive aspect of the drivers. For this purpose, an experimental framework has been set up and experimental testing sessions have been performed. The experimental framework is a multisensory environment consisting of an active stereo-projector and a screen used for displaying a video that reproduces a very monotonous car trip, a seating-buck for simulating the car environment, a wearable Olfactory Display, in-ear earphones and the BioGraph Infiniti system for acquiring the subjects’ physiological data. The analysis of the data collected in the testing sessions shows that, in comparison to the relaxation state, olfactory stimuli are effective in increasing subjects’ attention level more than the auditory ones.
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