Journal articles on the topic 'Craft Specialists'
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1
Bernier, Hélène. "Craft Specialists at Moche: Organization, Affiliations, and Identities." Latin American Antiquity 21, no. 1 (March 2010): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.21.1.22.
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AbstractThis article examines the organization of specialized craft production at the urban site of Moche, known as the capital of the Southern Moche state. Recent excavations in workshop contexts revealed that the urban population of Moche was in part composed of ceramists, metallurgists, and lapidaries. These craft specialists played a significant role in the economic, political, and religious spheres of the Moche polity. Data obtained during excavations of workshops and domestic compounds are used to analyze the context, scale, and intensity of craft production, taking into account the nature of the goods produced and the identity of consumers. The discussion also considers the integration of craft specialists into the daily life and social structure at the site of Moche. Excavations showed that while urban craft specialists were not independent, they were not tightly controlled by a centralized ruling elite. They produced symbolic goods in various small to middle-scale workshops integrated into residential units, under the direct authority of urban leaders taking advantage of this particular organization of semi-attached craft production in various status-building strategies.
2
Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. "The Multiple Identities of Aztec Craft Specialists." Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 8, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ap3a.1998.8.1.145.
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Spielmann, Katherine A. "Ritual Craft Specialists in Middle Range Societies." Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 8, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ap3a.1998.8.1.153.
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Vlasyuk, Olena. "PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF ARTS AND CRAFTS." Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no. 13 (March 9, 2016): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2016.13.171553.
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The article analyzes the state of Ukrainian art education. The basic ways and prospects of training in higher art’s education in Rivne State Humanitarian University at the Department of fine and decorative art are observed. The question of artistic staff training in Ukraine is very interesting in the context of Ukrainian national school of fine and decorative art. The need for professional training in the field of decorative art was caused by its historical traditions, its aesthetic and practical importance for professional artists and for ordinary people.Therefore, it is possible to solve this problem by integrating the historical experience accumulated and effective approaches to teaching arts and crafts. Thus, there is a clear need for a study towards arts and craft’s professional training and optimal ways of its realization.Educational activities of Department of fine and decorative art of Rivne State Humanitarian University are analyzed in this article.Contemporary tradition of sharing the experience of artistic activity while studying is observed; it is advisable to turn to the works of scientists, which were elaborated during historical practice of training of masters of Arts and crafts. In historical retrospective all these researches kept to the actual ideas about the need for the future artist-craftsmen capacity mastering by taking into consideration the craft traditions and direct involvement into the production process under the guidance of experienced teachers. Their skills and personal qualities will positively affect the student’s success. In addition, the information stated in their works, shows, that the dominant teaching of arts and crafts was a practical component, conducted for a long time by involving students in to the manufacturing process and practical production technology.Professional training of artists and craftsmen in Ukraine is based both on European and national traditions and was conducted in the early twentieth century mainly in departments of arts and crafts in cooperatives, in crafts, stationary craft educational workshops, mobile model studios, art schools (including artistic and industrial schools). Due to the links between folk and professional art, the links between crafts and fine arts, various methodological grounds are available; the students master the technology of decorative and craft products making, they also receive some knowledge of the theory and practice of handicrafts, technological processes of drawing, composition, drawing, secondary and special disciplines.The results of the current research towards the problems of artist-master of arts and crafts training coincides with the thoughts of the scholars, who believe this phenomenon to be complex, ambivalent socio-pedagogical phenomenon, that combines the personal, ethnology and authentic aspects and requires conciliation with the principles of ethnology studies.In Rivne State Humanitarian University at the Department of fine and decorative art future specialist’s training is implemented during educational process, aimed to transforming of the professional activity experience, preserved by humanity, on to subjective, individual heritage, which enables the exteriorization of professional experience, it’s transformation in to individual-psychological heritage and at the same time enables formation of the future artist and master of arts and crafts as a subject of art reproduction of material world in decorative and applied products on the base of comprehension of cultural and historical experience of production and materialization of national art ideas and values.Future professionals of arts and crafts training introduced in Rivne State Humanitarian University was meant to provide a broad range of opportunities to gain knowledge and skills, that enable the personal realization while constant process of improvement, strengthening the ability to search and find the up-to-date information, to learn inspired and excited with the joy of creation.This article does not elaborate all aspects of the problem. Further researches of the questions, concerning the teaching and training of future professionals of arts and crafts have great prospects.
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Jaanus, Marja-Leena. "Here a stitch, there a stitch: a committee working on specialised terminologies for craft studies." Studia Vernacula 8 (November 13, 2017): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2017.8.216-218.
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“Here a stitch, there a stitch“ is something one is likely to utter while working with their hands and demonstrating a particular technique. Specialised terminology facilitates professional communication, so that each “here“ and “there“ has an exact equivalent, a term based on agreement between professionals in the field.
The committee of specialised terminologies in craft studies was established by the Estonian Native Crafts Department at the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy on 29th April 2016 to tackle these very problems and to reach agreement upon precise terminology. As specialised terminology is created by professionals in the field, the committee is made up of lecturers specialising in craftwork, handicraft scholars, and guest specialists whose particular field is under discussion.
The committee has so far met on three occasions and has addressed the general terms of handicraft studies, but the suggestions made by MA students, to whom specialised terminology is essential when writing their theses, have also been discussed.
Terms which have received approval from the committee will be included in the term database ‘Specialised Terminology of Craft Studies’, which can be found along with other term databases at the Institute of the Estonian Language’s website: term.eki.ee. Everyone who uses handicraft terminology is welcome to suggest new terms to the committee.
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Jaanus, Marja-Leena. "Here a stitch, there a stitch: a committee working on specialised terminologies for craft studies." Studia Vernacula 8 (November 13, 2017): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2017.8.216-218.
Full textAbstract:
“Here a stitch, there a stitch“ is something one is likely to utter while working with their hands and demonstrating a particular technique. Specialised terminology facilitates professional communication, so that each “here“ and “there“ has an exact equivalent, a term based on agreement between professionals in the field.
The committee of specialised terminologies in craft studies was established by the Estonian Native Crafts Department at the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy on 29th April 2016 to tackle these very problems and to reach agreement upon precise terminology. As specialised terminology is created by professionals in the field, the committee is made up of lecturers specialising in craftwork, handicraft scholars, and guest specialists whose particular field is under discussion.
The committee has so far met on three occasions and has addressed the general terms of handicraft studies, but the suggestions made by MA students, to whom specialised terminology is essential when writing their theses, have also been discussed.
Terms which have received approval from the committee will be included in the term database ‘Specialised Terminology of Craft Studies’, which can be found along with other term databases at the Institute of the Estonian Language’s website: term.eki.ee. Everyone who uses handicraft terminology is welcome to suggest new terms to the committee.
7
Summatavet, Kärt. "Wrapped in a rainbow: Inspiration and innovation through traditional crafts." Craft Research 10, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/crre_00006_1.
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Abstract Craft artists can be simultaneously mythical poets and SciFy specialists, whose craft skills from the past act as a tool-kit to overcome the borders between past and future, to predict and create imaginary new worlds and to point towards solutions for the future. The Nordic culture and its craft tradition is a wise model for future generations in tackling climate change, social problems and waste. While current design students are outstandingly talented and skilful users of digital tools of virtual reality, problems arise when perfect virtual images have to be transformed into real 3D models, prototypes and products. Designers who are trained to combine craft skills and experiential knowledge with digital reality and computer-assisted tools appear to have an advantage in innovation because they can predict and overcome the flaws that digital reality overlooks.
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Hirth, Kenneth G. "The Economy of Supply: Modeling Obsidian Procurement and Craft Provisioning at a Central Mexican Urban Center." Latin American Antiquity 19, no. 4 (December 2008): 435–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1045663500004375.
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This article examines the way that obsidian craftsmen at Xochicalco, Mexico obtained the raw material needed to produce prismatic blades at the site between A.D. 650 and 900. The paper models seven different forms of direct, indirect, and institutional procurement that craftsmen could have used to obtain this obsidian. These seven procurement models are evaluated using two types of information collected from four domestic workshops: (1) source analysis (NAA, PIXE) to identify where obsidian came from, and (2) technological analysis to determine the form in which obsidian entered workshops. The results indicate that Xochicalco craftsmen most likely were provisioned through itinerant craftsmen who periodically visited Xochicalco. Pressure cores nearing exhaustion were sold to Xochicalco craftsmen who rejuvenated them to produce additional prismatic blades using a hand-held blade removal technology. The results indicate that: (1) different forms of craft provisioning can be differentiated when multiple forms of data are incorporated into the distributional approach, (2) independent domestic craft specialists were the foundation for Mesoamerican economy and were individually responsible for the procurement of raw materials and the distribution of finished products, and (3) neither state institutions, nor the elite who directed them, were involved in the procurement of obsidian for craft specialists who produced valued tools.
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Topi, John R., Christine S. VanPool, Kyle D. Waller, and Todd L. VanPool. "THE ECONOMY OF SPECIALIZED CERAMIC CRAFT PRODUCTION IN THE CASAS GRANDES REGION." Latin American Antiquity 29, no. 1 (December 11, 2017): 122–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.62.
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Recent analyses use geometric morphometrics (GM), the quantitative study of shape and its variation, to examine aspects of the archaeological record. Our research builds on such applications to examine the organization of production by applying GM analysis to whole ceramic vessels from the Casas Grandes culture of northwest Mexico. We quantify variation in vessel shape and size and conclude that specialists made at least some of the Ramos and Babicora Polychromes, but that the other Casas Grandes ceramic types were generally made by nonspecialists. This bolsters arguments for Medio period (AD 1200 to 1450) specialized production above the household level but indicates that specialized production was limited to a subset of economically valuable goods. We further suggest some Ramos Polychrome was made by attached specialists associated with elites at Paquime, the religious center of the Medio period, whereas some Babicora Polychrome was made by independent specialists. The analysis contributes to three important anthropological topics: (1) the study of the Medio period Casas Grandes culture, and by extension the organization of production in mid-level hierarchically organized societies; (2) geometric morphometric analysis of archaeological collections; and (3) the Standardization Hypothesis and the relationship between artifact standardization and the organization of production.
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Ashby, Steven P., Ashley N. Coutu, and Søren M. Sindbæk. "Urban Networks and Arctic Outlands: Craft Specialists and Reindeer Antler in Viking Towns." European Journal of Archaeology 18, no. 4 (2015): 679–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957115y.0000000003.
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This paper presents the results of the use of a minimally destructive biomolecular technique to explore the resource networks behind one of the first specialized urban crafts in early mediaeval northern Europe: the manufacture of composite combs of deer antler. The research incorporates the largest application of species identification by peptide mass fingerprinting (ZooMS) to a mediaeval artefact assemblage: specifically to collections of antler combs, comb manufacturing waste, and raw antler from Ribe, Aarhus, and Aggersborg. It documents the early use of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) antler, from the 780s AD at the latest, presenting the earliest unambiguous evidence for exchange-links between urban markets in the southern North Sea region and the Scandinavian Peninsula. The results demonstrate that the common conceptual distinction between urban hinterlands and long-distance trade conceals a vital continuity. Long-range networks were vital to urban activities from the first appearance of towns in this part of the world, preceding the historically documented maritime expansion of the Viking Age. We consequently suggest that urbanism is more appropriately defined and researched in terms of network dynamics than as a function of circumscribed catchment areas or hinterlands.
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Segal, Eliezer. "The Exegetical Craft of the Zohar: Toward an Appreciation." AJS Review 17, no. 1 (1992): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009400011946.
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As a consequence of the specialization that thrives in current humanistic studies, it is not surprising that scholarship has tended to classify the literary creations of the past into fixed compartments. In the study of medieval Judaism, it is particularly common to follow the traditional division of disciplines into philosophy, Kabbalah, and rabbinism—a categorization that was indeed promoted by the medievals themselves. Following this way of thinking, the study of Rashi's biblical commentaries would be assigned to one class of scholars devoted to the study of rabbinic Judaism; Maimonides' Guide of the Perplexed to experts in Jewish philosophy; and the Zohar to yet a third group consisting of specialists in Jewish mysticism.
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Julie Hruby. "Crafts, Specialists, and Markets in Mycenaean Greece. The Palace of Nestor, Craft Production, and Mechanisms for the Transfer of Goods." American Journal of Archaeology 117, no. 3 (2013): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3764/aja.117.3.0423.
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Inomata. "The Power and Ideology of Artistic Creation: Elite Craft Specialists in Classic Maya Society." Current Anthropology 42, no. 3 (2001): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3596621.
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Haaland, Gunnar, and Randi Haaland. "God of war, worldly ruler, and craft specialists in the Meroitic Kingdom of Sudan." Journal of Social Archaeology 7, no. 3 (October 2007): 372–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605307081397.
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Shafer, Harry J., and Thomas R. Hester. "Maya Stone-Tool Craft Specialization and Production at Colha, Belize: Reply to Mallory." American Antiquity 51, no. 1 (January 1986): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280402.
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The definition and existence of specialized chert tool workshops and workshop deposits at Colha, Belize are addressed in this reply. Density estimates are provided for workshop deposits along with revised production estimates for the Late Preclassic Period. A pattern is beginning to emerge in the Maya lowlands with regards to communities of craft specialists; they appear to have been in settlements surrounding the larger centers, not in the major centers themselves.
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Bock, Mary. "Looking Up, Talking Back: Voice and Visibility as a Digital Human Right." Surveillance & Society 18, no. 3 (August 19, 2020): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v18i3.14088.
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This essay draws from capabilities theory to argue that visual literacy, which combines technical skills, knowledge, and ethics, is an essential human capability in the digital age. It builds on the idea of democratic voice to posit that individuals need to control the way they are seen and to visually account for their lives in order to achieve a balanced system of “veillance.” Human beings are surveilled at unprecedented rates in the digital age. In conversation with Gates, who describes the way forensic specialists are learning to mine visual archives to craft coherent crime-solving narratives; Ristovska, who points out that court officials remain overly wedded to logocentric logic; and Spiesel, who reminds us of the dangers of naive realism, this essay focuses on the right of those who are watched to craft their own sousveillance while also understanding the power, limits, and ethical implications of visual communication.
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Kästik, Helen. "Digitaalsed käsitöökogukonnad / Digital craft communities." Studia Vernacula 9 (November 6, 2018): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2018.9.207-215.
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While technological advances provide new freedoms and opportunities, they can also lead to insecurity or to a feeling of being left behind. This paradox motivated Swedish, Estonian and Italian crafts organisations to jointly develop a training course to increase the digital confidence of crafters. The educational programme was put together and carried out in the framework of the project EUdigiTAC – Digitally Crafting New Communities of Practice. The project was funded over two years (1st May 2016 – 30th April 2018) by the EU Creative Europe programme.
The goal of the project was to encourage crafters from different generations to use digital tools. This change was especially vital to middle-aged or elderly experts of crafts heritage: IT offers a much more efficient means for the description of handicraft than slower alternatives, such as books or magazines. The project involved the development of an educational programme uniting textile crafters with skilled multimedia specialists. Unconstrained discussions in small groups allowed each master of crafts to find the best means and channel for presenting their work through media. In Estonia, the focus was on audiovisual methods. Things that are difficult to describe in words are much easier to present in videos. The use of social media allows simultaneously you to share your knowledge with a large number of people. Even language barriers can be broken: a crafts video does not necessarily require verbal instructions or comments.
Special attention was paid to three types of videos: those documenting the work of a master in the course of field work, training videos, and promotional videos. In the field of traditional crafts, personal development often means doing fieldwork in the workshops of experienced artisans. Good videos require a skilful interviewing technique which directs the conversation, but a purely verbal interview will be less than informative without a simultaneous demonstration of hands-on work and tacit knowledge. The second genre emphasised by our crafters was that of preparing training materials, as these are often required when presenting workshops or training courses. Audiovisual training materials can also be used in the general promotion of your work or crafting technique, enabling the audience to distinguish genuine handicraft from mass production and teaching them to value the work of a master more highly. Promotional videos allow craft entrepreneurs to draw new participants to their events or workshops, as well as to introduce their work or company. In addition to shooting and editing videos, it is also important to focus on what should be done with the end result: where and to whom the video should be shown, and how followers might be gained on social media.
All this international experience-sharing was important in creating an interactive web platform which crafters could continue to use after the end of the project. All the relevant materials can be found at the project website at http://eudigitac.eu/. Experience gained through the project was used in preparing guidance materials for other organisations seeking to carry out similar training courses or projects related to the development of crafts and digital skills. The most important result of the project, however, was the general increase in awareness and digital confidence among the crafters involved – moving them from ‘This is way over my head’ to ‘This could work; it is well worth a try’.
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Kästik, Helen. "Digitaalsed käsitöökogukonnad / Digital craft communities." Studia Vernacula 9 (November 6, 2018): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2018.9.207-215.
Full textAbstract:
While technological advances provide new freedoms and opportunities, they can also lead to insecurity or to a feeling of being left behind. This paradox motivated Swedish, Estonian and Italian crafts organisations to jointly develop a training course to increase the digital confidence of crafters. The educational programme was put together and carried out in the framework of the project EUdigiTAC – Digitally Crafting New Communities of Practice. The project was funded over two years (1st May 2016 – 30th April 2018) by the EU Creative Europe programme.
The goal of the project was to encourage crafters from different generations to use digital tools. This change was especially vital to middle-aged or elderly experts of crafts heritage: IT offers a much more efficient means for the description of handicraft than slower alternatives, such as books or magazines. The project involved the development of an educational programme uniting textile crafters with skilled multimedia specialists. Unconstrained discussions in small groups allowed each master of crafts to find the best means and channel for presenting their work through media. In Estonia, the focus was on audiovisual methods. Things that are difficult to describe in words are much easier to present in videos. The use of social media allows simultaneously you to share your knowledge with a large number of people. Even language barriers can be broken: a crafts video does not necessarily require verbal instructions or comments.
Special attention was paid to three types of videos: those documenting the work of a master in the course of field work, training videos, and promotional videos. In the field of traditional crafts, personal development often means doing fieldwork in the workshops of experienced artisans. Good videos require a skilful interviewing technique which directs the conversation, but a purely verbal interview will be less than informative without a simultaneous demonstration of hands-on work and tacit knowledge. The second genre emphasised by our crafters was that of preparing training materials, as these are often required when presenting workshops or training courses. Audiovisual training materials can also be used in the general promotion of your work or crafting technique, enabling the audience to distinguish genuine handicraft from mass production and teaching them to value the work of a master more highly. Promotional videos allow craft entrepreneurs to draw new participants to their events or workshops, as well as to introduce their work or company. In addition to shooting and editing videos, it is also important to focus on what should be done with the end result: where and to whom the video should be shown, and how followers might be gained on social media.
All this international experience-sharing was important in creating an interactive web platform which crafters could continue to use after the end of the project. All the relevant materials can be found at the project website at http://eudigitac.eu/. Experience gained through the project was used in preparing guidance materials for other organisations seeking to carry out similar training courses or projects related to the development of crafts and digital skills. The most important result of the project, however, was the general increase in awareness and digital confidence among the crafters involved – moving them from ‘This is way over my head’ to ‘This could work; it is well worth a try’.
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Kgatuke, Matholo, Dorothy Hardy, Katherine Townsend, Eloise Salter, Tina Downes, Karen Harrigan, Susan Allcock, and Tilak Dias. "Exploring the Role of Textile Craft Practice in Interdisciplinary E-Textiles Development through the Design of an Illuminated Safety Cycling Jacket." Proceedings 32, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019032012.
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Most E-textile research tends to fall within the arts or science disciplinary boundaries, despite E-textiles themselves being interdisciplinary in nature. This work explores how contemporary woven textile practice methodologies can play a role within interdisciplinary research, expanding the creative and technical applications of materials and technologies. A team of electronics, textiles, and fashion specialists was formed to design and make an illuminated jacket for use by cyclists. The jacket incorporated bespoke woven panels that integrated electronic yarns within the pattern. The development of this prototype raised questions about the use of craft practice methodologies in the development of new E-textiles.
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Stepanova, S. Ye. "PROFESSIONAL AND DOMESTIC: COGNITIVE INFLUENCE IN PICTURES AND ECHO PICTURES OF THE WORLD." Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, no. 29 (November 9, 2022): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2022.29.262413.
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The purpose of this research is to identify the ways and mechanisms of the influence of professional discourse on the formation and development of professional language pictures of the world, as well as the formation of echo-pictures of the world of people close to these specialists based on their language picture of the world. The object of the study is the speech of the tailor Emmanuel Solovey and his wife Rosa – the main characters of Vera Inber’s story “Solovey and Rosa”; Olga Plemyannikova and men close to her of various professions – characters in Anton Chekhov’s story “Sweetheart”; a young novice doctor from Mikhail Bulgakov’s autobiographical story “Towel with a rooster”. The result of our observations allows us to draw a number of conclusions. Professional pictures of the world develop with the improvement of the skills of their carriers and have a direct influence on the formation of language pictures of the world of specialists in a certain field of knowledge or craft, and indirect influence through professional echo pictures of the world and language pictures of the world of people who surround these specialists: family members, friends. These influences are reflected in the speech of specialists and family members, other people close to them in various language means. Most often, such influences are evidenced by group or individual comparative turns, idioms, metaphors, metonymies, synonyms, antonyms, personifications that reflect the professional knowledge and skills of the speaker, as well as his family members and close friends.
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Kuijpers, Maikel H. G. "The Bronze Age, a World of Specialists? Metalworking from the Perspective of Skill and Material Specialization." European Journal of Archaeology 21, no. 4 (November 3, 2017): 550–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2017.59.
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This article starts from the observation that the social persona of ‘specialist’ is an important analytical unit in archaeology, typically to model social (craft) organization from a Marxist perspective. This has caused this concept to solidify around economic rather than material concerns. I argue that the ‘specialist’ has become too much an ideational concept that is no longer accurately rooted in archaeological artefacts. Hence, through a brief exploration of Early Bronze Age axes, my aim is to highlight technical skill and use this to reveal different levels of material specialization. On this basis, I suggest moving beyond the umbrella term of ‘specialist’ and using four, more precise analytical units that are better equipped to accommodate the qualitative diversity of material cultures: the amateur, showing basic knowledge but little refinement; the craftsperson, producing well-made practical objects; the master, striving for perfection and setting the norm; and the virtuoso, taking risks in creating original and unique products.
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Morozova, Еkaterina V., and Maria V. Gromova. "Craft schools of tsarist Russia and their role in the development of domestic textile industry of the 19th century." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 59 (2021): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-59-307-320.
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The paper examines the features of establishing of the education system and training for the needs of textile production in pre-revolutionary Russia. Early 19 century is characterized by a rapid growth of already existing manufactories and emergence of new ones. This situation caused intense competition among their owners. Understanding the importance of education among workers comes first to the most advanced of industrialists. Representatives of large enterprises saw that education may increase labor productivity, reduce the number of accidents at work caused by drunkenness or a low technical culture, reduce the number of theft of factory products, and improve mutual understanding between manufacturers and workers. Besides, the paramount task was to provide textile manufactories with their own, domestic qualified specialists capable of understanding technological processes of creating fabrics, as well as designing highly artistic printed drawings for various purposes. All this prompted many owners of textile industries to open schools at factories, where not only children of workers of enterprises, but also the workers themselves, who showed interest in self-development and advanced training, could be trained. Throughout the 19 century, industrial enterprises opened schools and craft schools that trained specialists to meet their own needs of enterprises. A special place in the series of factory schools is occupied by educational institutions of art and industrial direction. Here the foundations of the national secondary and higher professional education were laid. The curricula and programs of craft educational institutions took into account the experience of secondary art and industrial educational institutions. At school, in addition to general subjects, they studied linear drawing (i.e. drawing) and pattern drawing. Future masters learnt to analyze the best samples, fostering analytical thinking. The combination of theory and practice in the training system became the start for developing project creativity.
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de Moraes Farias, P. F. "History and Consolation: Royal Yorùbá Bards Comment on Their Craft." History in Africa 19 (1992): 263–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172001.
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As court musicians and specialists of the past, the Arókin of Òyó have been used as a source for Yorùbâ history, but their own views on the uses of historical information have not been investigated. For the first time a sample of these views is published here. It comes from an interview with a group of Arókin, in which they offered descriptions and other representations of the nature of their expertise. This evidence sheds light on how the Arókin have traditionally deployed historical precedent and accounted for historical innovation. They ground the resort to the past primarily on the social need to offer consolation (itùnû) to the ruler, i.e., to cool down his personal grief. It is from this that they derive the need to relate and assimilate events, so as to explain the meaning (itumòo) of present happenings. They emphasize, above the supplying of etiology and legitimation, the restoration of equanimity against grief and anger.Arókin tradition compares the overwhelming power of song to the overwhelming power of grief. It stresses raw personal emotion as a cultural force, both as a source of disruption and as a trigger for efforts to make sense of the world with the help of the past, or with the help of newly-imported frames of explanation. The management of the king's (but also, in exceptional circumstances, of the people's) emotions requires history, and may require religious innovation. The king's grief at the loss of his children is liable to have violent, and culturally far-reaching, consequences. Despite obvious differences, this has significant points of contact with Rosaldo's account of the rage of the bereaved and “the cultural force of emotions” in connection with the Ilongot of northern Luzon, in the Philippines.
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Hayashida, Frances M. "Style, Technology, and State Production: Inka Pottery Manufacture in the Leche Valley, Peru." Latin American Antiquity 10, no. 4 (December 1999): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971961.
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According to historical sources, the Inka relocated groups of craft specialists to provincial centers to manufacture goods for the state. Recent fieldwork in the Leche Valley on the north coast of Peru provides insights into the organization and technology of pottery production at these centers. While Inka style jars were added to their repertories, potters continued to manufacture vessels in local styles using local techniques. These results caution against a reliance on style in identifying products made in administered contexts, and question the equivalence of style with polity in the Inka provinces. They also highlight a need to critically evaluate Inka cultural policies and the significance of subject styles in the empire.
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Drakopoulou Dodd, Sarah, Juliette Wilson, Ciáran Mac an Bhaird, and Angelo P. Bisignano. "Habitus emerging: The development of hybrid logics and collaborative business models in the Irish craft beer sector." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 36, no. 6 (January 29, 2018): 637–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242617751597.
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This article analyses data from 25 Irish craft beer entrepreneurs supplemented by associated web and press material, to explore how habitus emerges in a nascent entrepreneurial field. Welter’s frame of entrepreneurial contexts – business, social, spatial and institutional – is combined with Bourdieusian theory to explain the emergence of habitus. Findings show that emerging habitus is enacted through hybridisation of diverse global and local field logics, via the adoption, development and extension of their logics. It is also path-dependent on the life and career histories of a critical mass of habitus members, previously exposed to these fields. The study shows both local and global strategies of collective resource sharing – a novel approach to tackling the resource paucity typically faced by partitioned specialists facing large-scale generalists.
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ALEKSANDROVA, E. G. "Some features of work with traces of crimes committed with using unmanned aerial vehicles in the territories of correctional institutions." Ius Publicum et Privatum 1, no. 11 (March 31, 2021): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2713-2811-2021-1-93-96.
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The article is devoted to such an investigative action as an inspection of the scene of the incident as part of the investigation of crimes committed when using unmanned aerial vehicles in the territories of correctional institutions. The necessity of attracting specialists from various fields of science, technology and craft is substantiated in order to identify a larger number of traces and prevent their loss. The list of objects and traces that can potentially be found during the inspection of the scene is presented. An algorithm for conducting an inspection of the scene is given taking into account the specifics of the commission of a crime using an unmanned aerial device. Effective ways of preserving traces for the subsequent appointment of forensic enquiries are proposed
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Smetnik, Alexander. "Long-Term Storage and Radioactive Waste Retrieval from Historical Radon-Type Storage Facility." MRS Advances 5, no. 5-6 (December 23, 2019): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.479.
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ABSTRACTWithin the framework of the IAEA project “CRAFT” (2011-2014), specialists of JSC “VO “Safety” participated in working group “Safety assessment of the Radon-type facilities”. The IAEA GSG-3 methodology was used in order to address the issue of safety assessment of radioactive waste removal from historical near-surface storage facility of the Radon type. SAFRAN tool (Sweden) was used for safety assessment of a historical Radon type storage facility. Practical experience of SAFRAN application has shown that it can play a significant role in managing records and knowledge on radioactive waste, nuclear facility site, characteristics of geological environment and safety barriers. It can provide reliable long-term storage and effective management of safety related records for the purposes of safety reassessments, review and supervision.
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Stępnikowski, Andrzej. "5TH LEVEL OF POLISH QUALIFICATION FRAMEWORK IN THE CONTEXTS OF EDUCATION AND LABOUR MARKET." Polityka Społeczna 553, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1368.
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Social sciences acknowledge certain group of trades as “professions”. They are connected with professional identification and ethics. Those competencies together with readiness for continuous education and critical thinking are ingredients of modern professional. 5. Level of Polish Qualification Framework stands as a symbol of professionalism and readiness for constant self-development. That kind of abilities should characterize craft-masters and future graduates of post-liceum schools. There is a need for further development of curricula of those graduates as they should represent much higher level of competencies than technicians. They should be called masters, technologists and qualified specialists. This article should give the reader some knowledge on the specifics of full and partial qualifications destined for 5th level of Polish Qualification Framework, especially that some of new implemented solutions are not sufficiently developed yet
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Kozuch, Laura. "Shell bead crafting at Greater Cahokia." North American Archaeologist 43, no. 1 (October 23, 2021): 64–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01976931211048205.
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Shell beads were important to Mississippians, and thousands of beads were found mostly associated with burials. Here I synthesize data on shell bead workshops from Greater Cahokia, along with crafting techniques. Different bead types required different tools, which, in conjunction with shell remains, allow the differentiation of columella versus disk bead workshops. Perishable drill tips were probably used. Bead size standardization is distinguished from craft specialization, and time spent on crafting indicates full-time specialists. Expeditions to get lightning whelk shells from the Gulf of Mexico were a part of the operational chain. The resources spent traveling to obtain shells, large workshop areas, time spent crafting beads, ethnohistoric accounts of shell barter, and the roles lightning whelk artifacts had/have in helping souls travel during liminal situations such as transitioning to death, all underscore the importance of Mississippian shell beads.
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Yefimov, Mykola. "Use of special knowledge in investigation of anti-morality crimes." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 2, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-2-268-274.
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The scientific article deals with some aspects of the investigation of crimes against morality. The peculi-arities of the use of special knowledge in the investigation of this category of criminal offenses are con-sidered. The author emphasizes that during criminal proceedings at the stage of both pre-trial investigation and in court, questions may arise, which, due to their narrow specialization and unlawful nature, may not be within the power of the investigator and the court. In such cases, other participants in the criminal process are involved in the process of proving - persons who have special knowledge sufficient to make a qualified solution to the problem. It is noted that special knowledge is a set of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the field of science, technology, arts, crafts obtained as a result of vocational training and professional education used for the prevention and investigation of criminal offenses. The view is maintained that the following should be attributed to independent forms of the use of specialized knowledge: the direct application of specialized knowledge in science, technology, art and craft by the judge himself; appointment of examinations; appointment of audits; knowledge that is inherent in various types of professional activity, except knowledge that is professional for the investigator and the judge, and is used in the investigation of crimes and criminal proceedings in court in order to facilitate the establishment of the truth of the case in cases, forms and procedures determined by criminal- procedural legislation; consulting assistance of a specialist without involving him personally in court actions; expert's participation in court actions. It is emphasized that specialized knowledge can be used directly and indirectly by an authorized person. Based on the analysis of judicial investigative practice, the following were distinguished among the main forms of use of special knowledge in the investigation of crimes against morality: direct (use of special knowledge by investigators in carrying out individual procedural actions); mediated (appointment of forensic expertise and involvement of relevant specialists in individual procedural actions).
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Sarangi, Asha. "Lloyd and Susanne Rudolph: In Memoriam." Studies in Indian Politics 4, no. 2 (December 2016): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321023016665558.
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Lloyd and Susanne Rudolph were globally acclaimed scholars of India at the University of Chicago where they spent nearly four decades of their lives teaching and researching on India and South Asia. Their numerous works done in this intellectual partnership of more than six decades produced paradigmatic shift both methodologically and thematically in the study of Indian society and politics, more specifically about the nature of Indian state and its democratic institutionalism. Their critical concern for India about its experiments with democratic institutions and modernity of tradition was in consonance with their convictions about the durability of Indian social ethos and structures of social and political life. They belonged to the first generation of ‘area specialists’ who returned to their subjects of inquiry regularly with a critical gaze and newer perspectives over the years. For them, the field of study became an intellectual habitus that they nurtured with great discipline, care, conscience and craft.
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McTaggart, Nicholas Alan. "Follow the money to achieve success: achievable or aspirational." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-03-2017-0022.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the extent to which organised crime and the environment have altered in relation to money laundering and terrorist financing and to explore whether strategies to “follow the money” have been successful. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on personal analysis and involvement as a practitioner in law enforcement and includes a broad literature review on the subject of terrorist financing and money laundering. Findings Money laundering, terrorist financing and economic crime activity are being disguised in the “noise” of business by specialists that have become very adept at their craft. Financial institutions and lawmakers have invested heavily in countering money laundering and terrorist financing. However, its real effectiveness is somewhat doubtful. Originality/value This paper serves to stimulate further discussion and research on how all actors can increase collaboration and co-operation to increase the effectiveness of disruption strategies associated with these classes of crime.
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Shir-Aslan Karimov. "PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGEMENT IN MIXED MARTIAL ARTS – STATUS QUO AND WAYS FOR IMPROVEMENTS." Scientific News of Academy of Physical Education and Sport 3, no. 1 (July 14, 2021): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28942/ssj.v3i1.306.
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Modern PR is virtual technologies for controlling the communicative sphere and managing the media. In this work, we will consider the specifics of PR in the Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) industry. It is worth noting that this is an absolutely new and unexplored species, because there are practically no specialists in it. Nevertheless, the MMA sphere is now in great demand, it has become a full-fledged part of the martial arts industry. It follows from this that the relevance of this thesis arose because the development of the sphere and the positive dynamics of the growth of the popularity of our fighters in the West are obvious. Names such as Khabib Nurmagomedov [9], Petr Yan [9], Rafael Fiziev [11], Tofiq Musaev [6], Fedor Emilianenko [2] created the "boom" of Post-Soviet fighters in America, which is a mecca and standard of the sports industry. But for these fighters it took too much time to get into it, most of which was wasted. Therefore, the necessity of creation of the high level Azerbaijan industry of combat sport came only today when some of our athletes became leaders in the world. There are really many good fighters in Azerbaijan, but they do not develop fully in their craft because there are no specialists who would help them. Our thesis will explain why no one wants to engage in MMA fighters and how to make more professsionals appear in this matter.
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Blyzniuk, M., and N. Vakulenko. "ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE ALL-UKRAINIAN CENTER OF EMBROIDERY AND CARPET WEAVING IN RESHETYLIVKA: HISTORICAL MILESTONES AND PROSPECTS." Ukrainian professional education, no. 8 (November 25, 2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2519-8254.2020.8.239446.
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The article describes the origins and prospects of the All-Ukrainian Center for Embroidery and Carpet Making in Reshetylivka, Poltava region. Its creation contributes to the implementation of state policy in the field of culture and provides the basis for the revival and preservation of embroidery and carpet weaving traditions as the oldest artistic craft. There is a problem of public awareness of the elements of intangible cultural heritage. The reason is the lack of information sources, communication technologies, and educational activities on relevant topics, as well as insufficient motivation to study these issues.
It is emphasized that at the present stage of development of society in the world cultural space, there are significant changes associated with the comprehensive process of globalization, under the pressure of which languages disappear, traditions are forgotten and lost, weakened local cultures are on the verge of extinction. Traditional branches of Ukrainian culture contribute to the preservation of national identity, are a consolidating factor in the development of the nation, as well as an essential component of economic development.
It is emphasized that due to the efforts of talented people, who make up the cultural center of Reshetylivka, the technology of «white-on-white embroidery» in 2017 was included in the National Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine, and «traditions of plant carpet weaving» of Reshetylivka was also included in the National Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine in 2018. On October 3, 2018, in accordance with the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 987, the state non-profit institution «All-Ukrainian Center of Embroidery and Carpet Making» was established in Reshetylivka on the basis of a former factory; this center of embroidery and carpet weaving is a cultural, educational, artistic, and research institution of culture, which belongs to the sphere of management of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine.
In the future, it is planned to study the history of famous Ukrainian families, dynasties, individual masters of embroidery, carpet weaving, weaving, publishing periodicals, scientific works on folk arts and crafts of embroidery and carpet heritage; participation in the training of scientific staff, in particular, craft researchers, museum specialists, culturologists, technology teachers; production of products and souvenirs decorated with artistic and national embroidery (clothing, interior, and ceremonial fabrics, hats, table and bedding accessories), manufacturing of carpets and artistic weaving products.
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Tulentaeva, K. A. "PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALIZED SECONDARY EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN (20-30S OF THE XX CENTURY)." History of the Homeland 99, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_3_106.
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The article discusses the process of formation and development of specialized secondary education in the 20-30s of the last century in Kazakhstan. Specialized secondary education is a complex phenomenon, therefore the author analyzes the training of some types of middle-level professional personnel in the Kazakh region. It is known that for the Bolsheviks, one of the prerequisites for the creation of Soviet power was the fight against illiteracy. Therefore, the article, firstly, analyzes the training of teachers who led the campaign against illiteracy and traces the significant results achieved in such a complex matter. Secondly, the multifaceted aspects of the problem of training agricultural specialists, promoted by the policy of the Bolsheviks, the so-called "deployment of the traditional craft of the Kazakh region" are revealed. It is a fact that, when for centuries, being exposed to such diseases as cholera, smallpox, tuberculosis and others, the Kazakh people suffered, and a merciless deathclaimed a large number of inhabitants. Therefore, thirdly, the ways of deciding the power of the Soviets in the training of professional doctors in the first quarter of the twentieth century are being determined. Communists in the course of industrialization in Soviet Kazakhstan, giving priority to ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, coal and oil industries, made efforts to train mid-level industry specialists. The types of professional specialties and methods of their training are analyzed. Fifth, the implementation of the Bolsheviks' slogan about the "education of the national cadres of the proletariat" in the main branches of production is traced.
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Reinhart, Katrinka. "Rethinking urbanism in the early Bronze Age of China: The role of craft specialists and community politics in the social construction of Yanshi Shangcheng." Archaeological Research in Asia 14 (June 2018): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2017.04.002.
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Boone, David. "Prosthetists and orthotists: An evolution from mechanic to clinician." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 44, no. 6 (November 6, 2020): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364620968643.
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Fifty years ago, the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics was founded in recognition that this unique niche in rehabilitation would benefit from multidisciplinary interactions between specialists in engineering, therapy, and medicine.Since then, field evolved from having a craft orientation toward a technology and clinical specialty. This anniversary provides an opportunity to look back on advances in prosthetics and orthotics, and the clear impact they have had on changing the skills needed by the prosthetist/orthotist as new technology and techniques have emerged. The balance has clearly shifted from mechanical skills to clinical care. The training and skills of the prosthetist/orthotist remain unique and valued in the rehabilitation team, and the primary motivation remains the same as it has been since the creation of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics: the application of external devices where they are suitable to address the many varied needs of persons with disability. This historical perspective puts into context why and how the profession has changed, while also reinforcing that it is the goals set for restoring patient functions that best defines what it is to be a prosthetist/orthotist, not the means we use.
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Steel, Louise. "Kitchenalia in Bronze Age Cyprus." Gastronomica 16, no. 3 (2016): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2016.16.3.79.
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This article explores the materiality of food production and consumption within the household in Bronze Age Cyprus. The focus is on embodied encounters with the “stuff of food”—the pots, pans, and other kitchen implements that were used on a daily basis—and how these shaped people's lives. Throughout the Early and Middle Bronze Ages, generations of families on Cyprus used Red Polished pottery to serve and consume food and drink: the round-bottomed pots were not designed to be laid on a table, indicative of the development of very specific customs of dining at home. The very limited range of pottery (wares and forms) available to the Early-Middle Cypriot householder suggests a monotone cultural experience. The introduction of vessels with flat bases or ring bases at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age might indicate a move to dining around a table—a radically different engagement with the physical, material world that undoubtedly affected social relations. This was accompanied by radical shifts in production practices—a move away from household production into the realm of craft specialists—alongside which there was an explosion in the range of tableware for consumption of food and drink and of utilitarian wares used within the kitchen. This article interrogates the implied transformations in the cultural knowledge embedded within people's engagement with their material world and the very different visual and tactile experiences involved in the daily use of pottery in the Late Bronze Age Cypriot household.
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Bellini, Federico. "Cormac McCarthy's Poetics of Craftsmanship." Cormac McCarthy Journal 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/cormmccaj.20.1.0065.
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ABSTRACT “The work is everything,” says Ben, the main character of McCarthy's play The Stonemason, summing up his grandfather Papaw's view of the craft of the stonemason as the ground of beauty, justice, and truth. Judging from McCarthy's inclination to indulge in extended descriptions of all sorts of labors and crafts he must, at least in part, agree with his character. As has been noted elsewhere, craftsmanship is a privileged theme in Cormac McCarthy's oeuvre, and the available archival material proves that the author has always been meticulous in gathering information about the crafts he has set himself to describe, undertaking extensive bibliographical research in all technical aspects and at times seeking help from specialist advisers. Relying on some manuscripts and letters held at the Wittliff Collections in San Marcos, Texas, this article investigates the way McCarthy collaborated with two specialist medical advisers, Dr. Oren Ellis and Dr. Barry King, in the writing of a scene of his novel The Crossing. The intention is to provide insight into McCarthy's creative process and to further understand the way descriptions of crafts integrate within his overall poetics in what can be defined as an attempt to oversaturate the representation of reality.
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Shah, Shalini. "Evidence-Based Risk Mitigation and Stratification during COVID-19 for Return to Interventional Pain Practice: American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) Guidelines." Pain Physician 4S;23, no. 8;4S (August 14, 2020): S161—S182. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2020/23/s161.
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Background: Chronic pain patients require continuity of care even during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has drastically changed healthcare and other societal practices. The American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) has created the COVID-ASIPP Risk Mitigation and Stratification (COVID-ARMS) Return to Practice Task Force in order to provide guidance for safe and strategic reopening. Objectives: The aims are to provide education and guidance for interventional pain specialists and their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic that minimizes COVID-related morbidity while allowing a return to interventional pain care. Methods: The methodology utilized included the development of objectives and key questions with utilization of trustworthy standards, appropriate disclosures of conflicts of interest, as well as a panel of experts from various regions, specialities, and groups. The literature pertaining to all aspects of COVID-19, specifically related to epidemiology, risk factors, complications, morbidity and mortality, and literature related to risk mitigation and stratification were reviewed. The principles of best-evidence synthesis of available literature and grading for recommendations as described by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), typically utilized in ASIPP guideline preparation, was not utilized in these guidelines due to the limitation based on lack of available literature on COVID-19, risk mitigation and stratification. Consequently, these guidelines are considered evidence-informed with the incorporation of the best-available research and practice knowledge. Results: Numerous risk factors have emerged that predispose patients to contracting COVID-19 and/or having a more severe course of the infection. COVID-19 may have mild symptoms, be asymptomatic, or may be severe and life-threatening. Older age and certain comorbidities, such as underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disease, have been associated with worse outcomes. In pain care, COVID-19 patients are a heterogeneous group with some individuals relatively healthy and having only a short course of manageable symptoms, while others become critically ill. It is necessary to assess patients on a case-by-case basis and craft individualized care recommendations. A COVID-19 ARMS risk stratification tool was created to quickly and objectively assess patients. Interventional pain specialists and their patients may derive important benefits from evidenceinformed risk stratification, protective strategies to prevent infection, and the gradual resumption of treatments and procedures to manage pain. Limitations: COVID-19 was an ongoing pandemic at the time these recommendations were developed. The pandemic has created a fluid situation in terms of evidence-informed guidance. As more and better evidence is gathered, these recommendations may be modified. Conclusions: Chronic pain patients require continuity of care, but during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, steps must be taken to stratify risks and protect patients from possible infection to safeguard them from COVID-19-related illness and transmitting the disease to others. Pain specialists should optimize telemedicine encounters with pain patients, be cognizant of risks of COVID-19 morbidity, and take steps to evaluate risk-benefit on a case-by-case basis. Pain specialists may return to practice with lower-risk patients and appropriate safeguards. Key words: Cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, interventional pain management, COVID risk factors, diabetes, hypertension, interventional pain care, novel coronavirus, obesity, SARS-nCoV2, steroids
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Kopchuk-Kashetska, Mariia, Olha Klymyshyn, Oksana Semak, Iryna Yaroshenko, and Andreja Olha Maslii. "Modern Psychological and Teaching Technologies for Implementing the Educational Process in Higher Educational Institutions of Ukraine." Journal of Curriculum and Teaching 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jct.v11n3p73.
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The relevance of the subject under study lies in the use of the latest educational technologies in higher educational institutions of Ukraine. As a consequence, the study focuses on the concept of teaching technology in the psychological and educational literature and on identifying the most optimal teaching programme for institutions of higher education for the implementation of modern innovative technologies. The above listed objectives determine the purpose of this study — to establish and test a curriculum for the implementation of modern psychological and teaching technologies of the educational process in Ukrainian universities. The leading methods included the organisation of experimental research on the development and modelling of the curriculum using the latest technologies. During the establishing and controlling stages of this study, the cross-sectional method was employed to learn the features and regularities of the mental development of higher education students, using the latest psychological and teaching technology in education. The results of the study consider the present-day requirements and demonstrate the necessity of incorporating such technologies as self-development and distance learning. The programme includes recommendations for the most successful implementation of the educational process, guided by the student's personality. The main idea of this programme is “the students are taught by themselves, not by the teacher”. The significance of the results of this study is valuable for conscious students, teachers inspired by their craft, and Ukrainian universities that strive to fill the labour market with prominent specialists, as opposed to graduates with a “plastic diploma”.
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Aoyama, Kazuo. "Microwear Analysis in the Southeast Maya Lowlands: Two Case Studies at Copan, Honduras." Latin American Antiquity 6, no. 2 (June 1995): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972148.
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Based on the results of 267 replication experiments with obsidian, chalcedony, and agate tools conducted with a range of working materials, I have classified use-wear patterns using Keeley's high-resolution approach to establish a framework for interpretation of stone-tool use. This paper describes the results of microwear analysis of two assemblages of lithic artifacts from the late Late Classic period (A. D. 763-850) at Copán, western Honduras, and shows how the use-wear data can be interpreted within the archaeological contexts and help to investigate how ancient complex societies functioned as well as how and why they changed. Microwear analysis of chipped-stone artifacts collected in front of Structure 10L-16 and artifacts from Structure 10L-22A show clear differences between the two assemblages. In accordance with the archaeological, epigraphic, and iconographic evidence, the low use-intensity of chipped stone from the first structure could have originated from special use such as ritual, production of marine shell ornaments, etc., during the reign of Yax Pac. Marine shell craft production may have been carried out by members of the royal family or attached specialists serving the ruler. The relatively high use-intensity observable in the second assemblage may reinforce the hypothesis that the building was a Classic Maya popol na (council house) in which feasts or banquets were prepared. If this was the case, use-wear data might support epigraphic and iconographic evidence that suggests the weakening and eventual demise of centralized political authority at Copán in the ninth century.
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Seregin, N. N., E. A. Narudtseva, A. N. Chistyakova, and S. S. Radovsky. "Yuan time metal mirror from the collection of the Altai State Museum of Local Lore." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 1(52) (February 26, 2021): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2021-52-1-4.
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This article is concerned with the Chinese metal mirror, which, as it has been found during the study, has been stored for a long time in the collection of the Altai State Museum of Local Lore, but as yet has not attracted the attention of specialists and has not been introduced into scientific discourse. A special research has been required to determine the time and circumstances of its arrival to the museum, which involved working with the documentation of the Altai State Museum of Local Lore, stored both within the institute and in the State Archives of the Altai Territory. It has been concluded, that the mirror represents an occasional find and it came to the mu-seum in the first quarter of the 20th century from the Yenisei Province (currently, the southwestern part of Kras-noyarsk District. The article presents a detailed morphological characteristic of this artifact. The basis of the com-position in the ornamented part of the mirror is a stylized image of a single dragon. Its mouth is trying to grasp the holder, which symbolizes the “fire pearl”. The analysis of the specialised literature and catalogues showed that in Chinese mirrors such composition appeared only during the Tang Dynasty (618–907) and continued to exist dur-ing the Song Period (907–1279). It has been determined that the composition presented on such objects was reproduced for several centuries (Jin, Liao, and Yuan Dynasties), undergoing transformations associated with stylistic nuances (details of the image, shape of mirror, presence or absence of inscriptions) and size and quality of the objects. Based on the obtained data, the mirror from the Altai State Museum of Local Lore has been attrib-uted to the Yuan dynasty period. There are almost no analogies to such objects in Northern and Central Asia, despite the significant number of mirrors of the Mongolian time stored in collections of Siberian museums. There-fore, it seems possible to acknowledge the rarity of these very specimens; the fragmentarity of their distribution could possibly be explained by peculiarities of the history of specific craft centers that have yet to be investigated.
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Lummis, Geoffrey William, Julia Elizabeth Morris, and Graeme Lock. "The Western Australian Art and Crafts Superintendents’ advocacy for years k-12 Visual Arts in education." History of Education Review 45, no. 1 (June 6, 2016): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-12-2014-0045.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to record Visual Arts education in Western Australia (WA) as it underwent significant change between 1967 and 1987, in administration, policy, curriculum and professional development. Design/methodology/approach – A narrative inquiry approach was utilized to produce a collective recount of primary Visual Arts teacher education, based on 17 interviews with significant advocates and contributors to WA Visual Arts education during the aforementioned period. Findings – This paper underscores the history of the role of Western Australian Superintendents of Art and Crafts and the emergence of Visual Arts specialist teachers in primary schools, from the successful establishment of a specialist secondary Visual Arts program at Applecross Senior High School, to the mentoring of generalist primary teachers into a specialist role, as well as the development and implementation of a new Kindergarten through to Year 7 Art and Crafts Syllabus. It also discusses the disestablishment of the WA Education Department’s Art and Crafts Branch (1987). Originality/value – The history of primary Visual Arts specialists and advocacy for Visual Arts in WA has not been previously recorded. This history demonstrates the high quality of past Visual Arts education in WA, and questions current trends in pre-service teacher education and Visual Arts education in primary schools.
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Dianov, Sergei Aleksandrovich, Olga Georgievna Poluyanova, and Viktor Petrovich Chegodaev. "Geocultural branding as a tool for solving the crisis state of the socio-economic sphere of a rural settlement." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 1 (January 2022): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2022.1.37740.
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In this article, geocultural branding of territories is considered in the context of the theory of political management, which can be used in solving the problems of the socio-economic sphere of rural settlement. In the scientific literature, insufficient attention is paid to the branding of Russian rural settlements. Individual stories can be found only in the publications of specialists in the field of marketing territories. According to the author's point of view, a progressive solution that allows creating conditions for sustainable socio-economic development in a rural settlement is the development and implementation of a geocultural branding strategy for the settlement. On the example of the village of Bard, a large rural settlement of the Perm Region, measures for the development of a geocultural strategy and brand are proposed. Among the image resources of the village, unique natural places, craft traditions, national ornaments, mythologems of the Tulva district, as well as art objects as an organic part of the public spaces of the settlement are singled out separately. The historical personality of the Tatar poet Gabdulla Tukai (the beginning of the XX century) is proposed as the "genius of the place". The geocultural brand "Barda ‒ mirror of the Perm land" was developed based on the poetic creativity of G. Tukai. Barda can really be considered a mirror of the Permian land. Good-neighborly relations between ethnic communities have historically developed here, religious tolerance has taken place in everyday life, traditional types of economy and life have developed. The concept of geocultural branding of territories was used as a methodological basis (D.N. Zamyatin).
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Забайкин, Ю. В., Е. В. Красавина, И. А. Хашева, and В. А. Сологуб. "Economic education of children and youth as a factor of social protection in historiography." Management of Education, no. 2(48) (April 14, 2022): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/q4544-8251-4963-d.
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Начало ХХ века было переломным этапом общественной и экономической борьбы на землях СССР. После Первой мировой войны проблема восстановления хозяйства призвала к жизни необходимость подготовки квалифицированных специалистов. Прогрессивная интеллигенция края разрабатывала теоретические и практические шаги, направленные на привлечение обедневших крестьянско-ремесленных слоев к экономической самочинности и Самопомощи. Педагоги рассматривали профессиональное экономическое образование, торговое обучения и овладения делом банкинга молодежи как важный фактор социальной защиты, социальной независимости человека, а в будущем – создания России. Целью нашего исследования стало изучение вклада интеллигенции в теорию и практику экономического образования детей и молодежи в первой трети ХХ века, применение методов психологических исследований в профессиональной ориентации, развитии экономического образования, приобретения новых профессий как фактора социальной защиты в социальноэкономических условиях послевоенных лет. The beginning of the twentieth century was a turning point in the social and economic struggle on the lands of the USSR. After the First World War, the problem of restoring the economy brought to life the need to train qualified specialists. The progressive intelligentsia of the region developed theoretical and practical steps aimed at attracting impoverished peasant-craft layers to economic self-responsibility and self-help. Teachers considered professional economic education, trade training and mastering the business of banking for young people as an important factor of social protection, social independence of a person, and in the future – the creation of Russia. The purpose of our research was to study the contribution of the intelligentsia to the theory and practice of economic education of children and youth in the first third of the twentieth century, the use of psychological research methods in vocational guidance, the development of economic education, the acquisition of new professions as a factor of social protection in the socio-economic conditions of the postwar years.
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Khubaeva, Lana K. "Vladikavkaz Loris-Melikov Vocational School." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-4-73-77.
Full textAbstract:
Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-Melikov is a person who has gone down in the history of Vladikavkaz by many good deeds that have left a rich cultural and historical mark forever. He took the most active part, including financially, in the organization and functioning of a number of charitable and social and cultural institutions, donating significant sums from his own capital and income. The craft school of pre-revolutionary Vladikavkaz survived all epochs of political transformations and military events. Thanks to the vocational school, production on the territory of Ossetia developed successfully since there were high-quality trained cadres in a new direction, but functions to this day, preserving the memory of Mikhail Tarielovich as its founder. The financial investment and the capital left by Loris-Melikov in his will served as the basis for the functioning of the school during the first few decades since its opening. The difficult periods in which the educational authorities were forced to change the rules of admission in connection with those and other reasons causing financial difficulties are also briefly touched upon. The article provides information on income in the form of interest deducted by the bank and the expenses of these amounts for the needs of the school, including scholarships for students. The content of the publication will make it possible to trace the expansion of directions in the training of specialists due to the opening in different years of new departments, with a narrow specificity. The publication will allow you to have an idea of the urban life of this period, since it partly reflects the life of the inhabitants who turned to the workshops of the vocational school for household services, which the school was quite capable of providing conclusion, we are talking about the post-revolutionary activities of the school based already on the Soviet education system.
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Zhuparova, A. S., and A. K. Kozhakhmetova. "Creative industries in developing countries: experience of Kazakhstan." Central Asian Economic Review, no. 4 (October 11, 2021): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2021-4-100-110.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose of the research. The aim of the study is to identify the characteristics of creative industries in a developing country like Kazakhstan and derive the main obstacles.Research methodology. In this study, a descriptive analysis of the creative industries in Kazakhstan was carried out on the basis of a qualitative study (interview), in which 84 representatives of the following spheres took part: performing arts (26 %), design (20 %), craft (14 %), software and computer systems (13 %), music (13 %), cinematography (6 %), architecture (3 %), television and radio (2 %), interactive entertainment programs (3 %).Originality / value of the research. The concept of creative industries is gaining in importance and infl uence in both developed and developing countries. The results of the study are valuable for both academic and political spaces, enriching the literature with theoretical and practical recommendations for improving the development of creative industries.The results of the study. As a result of the study, codes were identifi ed, united into groups that formed the following categories: business model, motivation, fi nancing, technology, networks, barriers, position of Kazakhstan and COVID-19, according to which a qualitative analysis of domestic creative industries was carried out. As a result, the decoding of each code revealed that the bulk of the industry representatives (38 %) are individual entrepreneurs, 31 % are freelancers, 21 % are LLP representatives; the main source of funding are the representatives of the industry themselves (65 %), lending (17 %) and government support (6 %), which indicates a low involvement of government agencies in the development and support of creative industries. To eliminate barriers to development, it was proposed to increase the level of state involvement in the form of fi nancial and legal support, to establish communications with foreign representatives to exchange experience and improve the qualifi cations of domestic specialists, etc.
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Agratina, Elena E. "Royal Free School of Drawing by Jean-Jacques Bachelier: Development of Education and Craftwork in France." Observatory of Culture 17, no. 5 (November 12, 2020): 538–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2020-17-5-538-549.
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For the first time in Russian, the article reconstructs the history of the free school of drawing founded by the French artist and talented teacher J.-J. Bachelier (1724—1806); analyzes the charter and rules of this institution, its educational programs and practical activities; determines the role in the development of artistic craft in France. The article’s subject matter is multidisciplinary and is located at the intersection of the theory and history of art, art education and pedagogy. In view of the small number of comprehensive studies on the history of art education in France, this study expands the notion of it on the example of this educational institution. The school was opened in Paris at the initiative of J.-J. Bachelier for boys from the craftsmen environment. Although many different schools had been founded throughout France, the educational institution of Bachelier had special conditions of origin and a fortunate destiny — later it became part of the National School of Decorative Arts. From 1750, Bachelier became head of the Painting Department of the Vincennes (later Sevres) Porcelain Manufactory. According to his notes, his first concern was to make specialists. That is why he decided to organize a school where children were accepted from the age of eight and spent six years receiving the highest quality secondary art education of that time. Until now, Russian scientific literature has not paid enough attention to the history of French educational institutions in the field of art, despite the fact that France used to serve as a model for the whole of Europe in this regard. This article partially fills this gap, as well as provides a brief overview of other (less successful, but no less interesting) projects of J. Bachelier, for example, an art school for girls, the brilliant idea of which was never realized.
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Kanungo, Shibani, Jayne Barr, Parker Crutchfield, Casey Fealko, and Neelkamal Soares. "Ethical Considerations on Pediatric Genetic Testing Results in Electronic Health Records." Applied Clinical Informatics 11, no. 05 (October 2020): 755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1718753.
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Abstract Background Advances in technology and access to expanded genetic testing have resulted in more children and adolescents receiving genetic testing for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. With increased adoption of the electronic health record (EHR), genetic testing is increasingly resulted in the EHR. However, this leads to challenges in both storage and disclosure of genetic results, particularly when parental results are combined with child genetic results. Privacy and Ethical Considerations Accidental disclosure and erroneous documentation of genetic results can occur due to the nature of their presentation in the EHR and documentation processes by clinicians. Genetic information is both sensitive and identifying, and requires a considered approach to both timing and extent of disclosure to families and access to clinicians. Methods This article uses an interdisciplinary approach to explore ethical issues surrounding privacy, confidentiality of genetic data, and access to genetic results by health care providers and family members, and provides suggestions in a stakeholder format for best practices on this topic for clinicians and informaticians. Suggestions are made for clinicians on documenting and accessing genetic information in the EHR, and on collaborating with genetics specialists and disclosure of genetic results to families. Additional considerations for families including ethics around results of adolescents and special scenarios for blended families and foster minors are also provided. Finally, administrators and informaticians are provided best practices on both institutional processes and EHR architecture, including security and access control, with emphasis on the minimum necessary paradigm and parent/patient engagement and control of the use and disclosure of data. Conclusion The authors hope that these best practices energize specialty societies to craft practice guidelines on genetic information management in the EHR with interdisciplinary input that addresses all stakeholder needs.