Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crack propagation

Academic literature on the topic 'Crack propagation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Crack propagation"

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Peng, Yanyan, Xiao Cheng, Nan Song, Qi Qin, Xiaoyun Zhang, and Manchao He. "Study on Crack Propagation and Coalescence in Fractured Limestone Based on 3D-DIC Technology." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062007.

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To deeply understand the influence of crack inclination angle on crack propagation and coalescence in fractured limestone, uniaxial compression tests were carried out on limestone specimens with prefabricated cracks. The strain field evolution diagram of the failure process of the specimens was obtained using 3D digital image correlation technology (3D-DIC technology). This, in combination with the crack propagation diagram, was used to analyze the entire failure process of the limestone specimens. The test results show that the evolution process of the principal strain field agrees well with the process of crack initiation, propagation, and coalescence. The crack development process is the process of the high strain zones consistently propagating and also the process of micro-cracks appearing, developing, and nucleating to form macro-cracks. With the increase in the parallel crack inclination angle, the stress concentration zone of the intermediate crack transfers from both ends of the crack to the middle. Meanwhile, the coalescing crack type between the parallel crack and the intermediate crack changes from a coexisting tensile crack and tensile-shear crack to a single tensile crack. With the increase in the parallel crack inclination angle, the failure of the fractured limestone specimens changes from simple splitting or tensile failure to the coexistence of tensile-shear fracture and splitting. 3D-DIC technology provides an effective method to study crack propagation and coalescence during rock failure.
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Liu, Bang, Zheming Zhu, Ruifeng Liu, Lei Zhou, and Duanying Wan. "Study on the Fracture Behavior of Cracks Emanating from Tunnel Spandrel under Blasting Loads by Using TMCSC Specimens." Shock and Vibration 2019 (May 20, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2308218.

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Radial cracks may exist around tunnel edge, and these cracks may propagate and weaken tunnel stability under nearby blasting operations. In order to study the blast-induced fracture behavior of radial cracks emanating from a tunnel spandrel, a tunnel model containing a spandrel crack (TMCSC) with different inclination angles was proposed in this paper. Crack propagation gauges (CPGs) and strain gauges were used in the experiments to measure crack initiation moment and propagation time. Finite difference models were established by using AUTODYN code to simulate crack propagation behavior and propagation path. ABAQUS code was used to calculate dynamic stress intensity factors (SIFs). The results show that (1) crack inclination angles affect crack initiation angles and crack propagation lengths significantly; (2) critical SIFs of both mode I and mode II decrease gradually with the increase of the crack propagation speed; (3) the dynamic energy release rates vary during crack propagation; and (4) there are “crack arrest points” on the crack propagation paths in which the crack propagation speed is very small.
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Xu, Xiaoqing, Bohan Liu, and Yibing Li. "Investigation on Dynamic Propagation Characteristics of In-Plane Cracks in PVB Laminated Glass Plates." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1468390.

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Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) laminated glass has been widely used as an important component of mechanical and construction materials. Cracks on PVB laminated glass are rich in impact information, which contribute to its impact resistance design. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation model describing PVB laminated glass under impact loading is firstly established and validated qualitatively and quantitatively compared with the corresponding experimental results recorded by the high-speed photography system. In the meantime, the extended finite element method (XFEM) is introduced to analyze the crack propagation mechanism of laminated glass based on dynamic stress intensity factors (DSIFs) and propagations of stress waves. Parametric studies are then carried out to investigate the influence of five critical parameters, that is, plate dimension, crack length, impact energy, glass properties, and PVB properties, on crack propagation characteristics of laminated glass. Results show that the interaction between crack tip and stress waves as well as the propagations of stress waves corresponds to the fluctuations of DSIFs at crack tip. Both the structure and material variables are proven to play a very important role in glass cracking DSIFs and thus govern the crack propagation behavior. Results may provide fundamental explanation to the basic crack propagation mechanism on radial cracks in PVB laminated glass under impact loading conditions, thus to instruct its impact design improvement.
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Wang, Siyao, and Shaowei Hu. "Experimental Study of Crack Propagation in Cracked Concrete." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 12, 2019): 3854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203854.

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The intersection of cracks has an important role in the key technology of hydraulic fracturing for enhancing the recovery of tight hydrocarbon reservoirs. On the basis of digital image correlation technology, three-point bending tests of concrete beams with an edge crack and a central preset crack were conducted to investigate the propagation of cracks after intersection in concretes. Concrete beams with cracks of different positions, lengths, and approach angles were tested, and results were analyzed. In conclusion, the crack positions, crack lengths, and approach angles significantly influence the crack propagation in naturally cracked concrete. A large distance between the crack tip and central point at the preset transverse crack and crack length indicate a high possibility of the edge crack vertically crossing the preset crack. In particular, the crack restarts from the preset crack tip after intersection when the distance between two cracks is smaller than 30 mm and when the preset crack length is smaller than 40 mm. A large approach angle corresponds to a large carrying capacity of the beam and a high possibility of the crack propagating perpendicularly. An improved criterion of restart cracking after interaction is proposed, and the restart points of all tested beams are predicted and compared with the experimental results. A good agreement is observed, which proves that this criterion is reliable.
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Takagaki, Masakazu, and Toshiya Nakamura. "Fatigue Crack Modeling and Simulation Based on Continuum Damage Mechanics." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 1 (March 10, 2006): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2388993.

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Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation based on fracture mechanics and the conventional finite element method requires a huge amount of computational resources when the cracked structure shows a complicated condition such as the multiple site damage or thermal fatigue. The objective of the present study is to develop a simulation technique for fatigue crack propagation that can be applied to complex situations by employing the continuum damage mechanics (CDM). An anisotropic damage tensor is defined to model a macroscopic fatigue crack. The validity of the present theory is examined by comparing the elastic stress distributions around the crack tip with those obtained by a conventional method. Combined with a nonlinear elasto-plastic constitutive equation, numerical simulations are conducted for low cycle fatigue crack propagation in a plate with one or two cracks. The results show good agreement with the experiments. Finally, propagations of multiply distributed cracks under low cycle fatigue loading are simulated to demonstrate the potential application of the present method.
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Sun, Yazhen, Ting Yan, Changyu Wu, Xiaofang Sun, Jinchang Wang, and Xuezhong Yuan. "Analysis of the Fatigue Crack Propagation Process of the Stress-Absorption Layer of Composite Pavement Based on Reliability." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112093.

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The stress-absorption layer in cement concrete pavement delays the development of reflection cracks and is good at fatigue resistance. Laboratory investigations of the anti-crack performance of the high viscous asphalt sand stress-absorption layer (HVASAL) and rubber asphalt stress-absorption layer (RASAL) were carried out by force-controlled fatigue crack propagation tests, for which three types of overlay structures with three types of pre-crack (i.e., the middle crack, the side crack, and the 45° inclined crack) were designed. A probability model was established to describe the propagation of the fatigue cracks. The fatigue crack propagation, the fatigue life, the crack propagation rate, and the crack propagation mechanism of the three types of overlay structure were compared and analyzed. The results show that the stress-absorption layers have good anti-crack fatigue performance, and that the RASAL is better than the HVASAL. The crack propagation patterns of the three types of overlay structure were found. In the double logarithmic coordinate, the curves of the three types of cracks are straight lines with different intercepts and slopes. The probability model quantifies the relationship between the crack propagation rate and ∆K. The influences of the three types of crack on the fatigue properties of the asphalt overlays are different.
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Wang, Xi Shu, Jing Hong Fan, Bi Sheng Wu, and Ying Li. "Effects of Distance and Alignment Holes on Fatigue Crack Behaviors of Cast Magnesium Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.13.

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To study the fatigue microcrack initiation and propagation behaviors of cast magnesium alloys, the small fatigue crack propagation tests were carried out using the in-situ observation with scanning electron microscope (SEM). All initiations and propagations of fatigue small cracks focused on effects of the interaction of artificial two small holes, which there are the different distances and alignments of two small holes. The results indicate that the fatigue small cracks of cast magnesium alloys occurred mainly at the defects or root of notch but the early stage crack propagations were influenced on the distance and alignment between two small holes. For cast AM50 and AM60B alloys, the fatigue small cracking prior to occurred at the weak dendrite boundary and had some concomitances such as the plastic deformation on surface of α-Mg phase. For AZ91 alloy, the fatigue cracking characterization depended mainly on the brittle properties of β-Mg17Al12 phase, which the multi cracks occurred at the boundaries of β-Mg17Al12 phase. The effect of notch on the fatigue cracking behavior becomes weaker when the radius of notch is over 3-4 times than that of average α-Mg grain size. The fatigue crack propagation behaviors varied with the different arrangements of two small holes. The effects of distance and alignment of two small holes on the fatigue crack propagation behaviors are also obvious.
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Tong, Fengzhuang, Liang Gao, Xiaopei Cai, Yanglong Zhong, Wenqiang Zhao, and Yichen Huang. "Experimental and Theoretical Determination of the Frost-Heave Cracking Law and the Crack Propagation Criterion of Slab Track with Water in the Crack." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (October 29, 2019): 4592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214592.

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Crack propagation produced by frost heave affects the durability of slab-track structures in high-humidity and cold regions in China. This work is intended to reveal the evolution laws of frost-heave crack propagation, establish evaluation criteria for crack propagation, and investigate factors involved in frost-heave crack propagation. Firstly, by preparing slab-track specimens with initial cracks, an experiment of frost-heave crack propagation was designed. The process of frost-heave crack propagation was carried out by means of digital image correlation (DIC) technology and acoustic emission (AE) technology, respectively. These experiments revealed the evolution laws of generalized strain and AE events’ location during crack initiation and propagation, respectively, and the key parameters of micro-crack initiation strain and unstable propagation strain were obtained. By using theoretical and experimental analysis, a double-strain criterion for frost-heave crack propagation was proposed. Finally, factors involved in frost-heave crack propagation were investigated. The results show that crack initiation can be reflected by the crack-tip strain. The average micro-crack initiation strain and unstable propagation strain were found to be 224 με and 243 με, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the frost-heave crack propagation was caused by an ice plug which formed at the crack opening. When the crack width is larger than 2.7 mm and the external temperature is lower than −6.6 °C, cracks propagate easily under the frost-heave force.
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Yang, Hang, Weiqing Zhang, Ning Wang, and Rulong Tan. "Analysis of crack propagation and life estimation of spiral bevel gears with root cracks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2787, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2787/1/012032.

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Abstract In order to study the effect of tooth root cracks on the fatigue life of spiral bevel gears, a certain spiral bevel gear was taken as the research object, and the mechanism of tooth root fatigue cracks was analyzed based on crack propagation theory; By combining the extended finite element method and the level set method, an initial crack propagation finite element model is established. The crack location of the gear teeth is determined through static analysis of the gear pair, and the influence of alternating loads on the initiation and propagation life of tooth surface cracks is studied. The analysis results indicate that the number of load cycles required for each crack propagation after its first occurrence gradually decreases; The crack propagation path of gear cracks under fatigue load is consistent with the actual tooth surface fracture surface; Realize life estimation from crack propagation to fracture failure.
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Buck, Otto. "Crack Formation and Propagation." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 8 (August 1989): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400061911.

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After Griffith's explanation of the decrease in the strength of a loaded material containing a disbonded area (a crack), it took about another quarter century before “Fracture Mechanics” as an engineering discipline became established. At that time it was the catastrophic failure of the Liberty ships and the basic contributions by Irwin2 that created a high interest in the quantification of the process by which a crack will grow. A series of accidents involving bridges, pressure vessels, generator rotors, aircraft, etc., contributed greatly — not only to further research but also to the opinion that cracks are basically “bad” and should be avoided under all circumstances.I started to become acquainted with cracks in the early 1970s. The U.S. Air. Force had recently lost a few F-lll aircraft in southeast Asia due to wing-box cracking. In reaction, the Air Force decided that the new bomber, the B1, should be designed according to fatigue and fracture criteria. Since the materials were specified mostly by metallurgical engineers, they had to become concerned with the effects, for example, of the materials' microstructures on fatigue and crack propagation. At the same time, the interest in crack formation began to evolve.Furthermore, the capabilities for quantitative nondestructive evaluation of a structure in service increased sharply since it was realized that we have to live with cracks and that not all cracks are necessarily “bad.”
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crack propagation"

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Hodgkins, Andrew D. "Crack propagation in nuclear graphite." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488486.

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Dumpleton, P. "Fatigue crack propagation in polyethylene." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373987.

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Hejman, Ulf. "On initiation of chemically assisted crack growth and crack propagation paths of branching cracks in polycarbonate." Licentiate thesis, Malmö högskola, Teknik och samhälle, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-7790.

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Stress corrosion, SC, in some cases gives rise to stress corrosion cracking, SCC, which differs from purely stress intensity driven cracks in many aspects. They initiate and grow under the influence of an aggressive environment in a stressed substrate. They grow at low load and may branch. The phenomenon of SCC is very complex, both the initiation phase and crack extension itself of SCC is seemingly associated with arbitrariness due to the many unknown factors controlling the process. Such factors could be concentration of species in the environment, stress, stress concentration, electrical conditions, mass transport, and so on.In the present thesis, chemically assisted crack initiation and growth is studied with special focus on the initiation and branching of cracks. Polycarbonate plates are used as substrates subjected to an acetone environment. Experimental procedures for examining initiation and branching in polycarbonate are presented. An optical microscope is employed to study the substrate.The attack at initiation is quantified from pits found on the surface, and pits that act as origin for cracks is identified and the distribution is analysed. A growth criterion for surface cracks is formulated from the observations, and it is used to numerically simulate crack growth. The cracks are seen to coalesce, and this phenomenon is studied in detail. Branching sites of cracks growing in the bulk of polycarbonate are inspected at the sample surface. It is found that the total width of the crack branches are approximately the same as the width of the original crack. Also, angles of the branches are studied. Further, for comparison the crack growth in the bulk is simulated using a moving boundary problem based algorithm and similar behaviour of crack branching is found.
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Leaity, Grant Philip. "Residual stresses and fatigue crack propagation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293635.

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Viesca, Lobaton Gabriel D. "Fatigue crack propagation in plastic fields." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301842.

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胡思來 and See-loi Wu. "Numerical analysis of dynamic crack propagation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208459.

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Abdul-Salam, Ezzet Hameed. "Fatigue crack propagation in mild steel." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291749.

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Al-Falou, Ahmed Amir. "A theoretical analysis of crack propagation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624858.

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Hafezi, M. H., R. Alebrahim, and T. Kundu. "Crack propagation modeling using Peridynamic theory." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622515.

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Crack propagation and branching are modeled using nonlocal peridynamic theory. One major advantage of this nonlocal theory based analysis tool is the unifying approach towards material behavior modeling- irrespective of whether the crack is formed in the material or not. No separate damage law is needed for crack initiation and propagation. This theory overcomes the weaknesses of existing continuum mechanics based numerical tools (e.g. FEM, XFEM etc.) for identifying fracture modes and does not require any simplifying assumptions. Cracks grow autonomously and not necessarily along a prescribed path. However, in some special situations such as in case of ductile fracture, the damage evolution and failure depend on parameters characterizing the local stress state instead of peridynamic damage modeling technique developed for brittle fracture. For brittle fracture modeling the bond is simply broken when the failure criterion is satisfied. This simulation helps us to design more reliable modeling tool for crack propagation and branching in both brittle and ductile materials. Peridynamic analysis has been found to be very demanding computationally, particularly for real-world structures (e.g. vehicles, aircrafts, etc.). It also requires a very expensive visualization process. The goal of this paper is to bring awareness to researchers the impact of this cutting-edge simulation tool for a better understanding of the cracked material response. A computer code has been developed to implement the peridynamic theory based modeling tool for two-dimensional analysis. A good agreement between our predictions and previously published results is observed. Some interesting new results that have not been reported earlier by others are also obtained and presented in this paper. The final objective of this investigation is to increase the mechanics knowledge of self-similar and self-affine cracks.
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Wu, See-loi. "Numerical analysis of dynamic crack propagation /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12354569.

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Books on the topic "Crack propagation"

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Revill, G. W. An automatic crack measuring system using the direct-current potential-difference method. Melbourne: Aeronautical Research Laboratories, 1985.

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Orange, Thomas W. Elevated temperature crack propagation. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Lewicki, David G. Gear crack propagation investigations. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Hudak, S. J. A comparison of single-cycle versus multiple-cycle proof testing strategies. Huntsville, Ala: George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1990.

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M, Fisher Douglas, Holka Donna, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Variables controlling fatigue crack growth of short cracks. [Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1986.

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Sourcebook on fatigue crack propagation: Thresholds and crack closure. Warley, West Midlands: Engineering Materials Advisory Services, 1993.

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Newman, J. C. Small-crack effects in high-strength aluminum alloys: A NASA/CAE Cooperative program. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1994.

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Abdul-Salam, Ezzet Hameed. Fatigue crack propagation in mild steel. Salford: University of Salford, 1991.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Corrosion fatigue crack propagation in metals. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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G, Lewicki David, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Three-dimensional gear crack propagation studies. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crack propagation"

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Friedman, Avner. "Crack propagation modeling." In Mathematics in Industrial Problems, 23–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8454-0_3.

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Sumi, Yoichi. "Fatigue Crack Propagation." In Mathematical and Computational Analyses of Cracking Formation, 69–90. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54935-2_5.

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Alderliesten, René. "Fatigue Crack Propagation." In Fatigue and Fracture of Fibre Metal Laminates, 175–220. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56227-8_9.

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Verreman, Yves. "Short Crack Propagation." In Fatigue of Materials and Structures, 269–309. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118623435.ch7.

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Gdoutos, E. E. "Crack Speed During Dynamic Crack Propagation." In Problems of Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue, 365–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2774-7_79.

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Yuan, Huang. "Mixed mode crack propagation." In Numerical Assessments of Cracks in Elastic-Plastic Materials, 223–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45882-1_5.

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Sumi, Yoichi. "Simulation of Crack Propagation." In Mathematical and Computational Analyses of Cracking Formation, 195–221. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54935-2_10.

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Hills, D. A., and D. Nowell. "Analysis of crack propagation." In Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 169–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8281-0_8.

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Saimoto, Akihide. "Control of Crack Propagation." In Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses, 721–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2739-7_631.

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Carpinteri, Alberto. "Mixed-Mode Crack Propagation." In Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 179–236. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2026-5_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crack propagation"

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Aihara, Shuji, Kazuki Shibanuma, Yasuhito Imai, Taishi Fujishiro, and Takuya Hara. "Evaluation on Dependence of Ductile Crack Propagation Resistance on Crack Velocity." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90637.

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Plastic strains were measured near a propagating ductile crack in drop-weight tear tests (DWTT). Plastic work evaluated from the plastic strains agreed with crack propagation energy evaluated from dynamic load versus displacement curve. Furthermore, plastic strains were measured near a propagating ductile crack in a full-scale burst tested pipes. Plastic work of the burst pipe was found to be much larger than that of the DWTT. Values of the plastic work of the DWTT and the burst pipe were plotted against crack velocity to construct crack resistance curve. Reason to the increased crack resistance with crack velocity was understood as a dependence of plastic strain distribution on crack velocity by elasto-plastic dymanic finite element analysis.
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Gotoh, Jin’ichiro, Saburo Usami, and Hiroshi Morita. "Main Surface Crack Propagation and Crack Initiation and Propagation on Counter Plain Surface Under Cyclic Bending." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2715.

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Cyclic bending is a dominant loading mode in structures sustaining thermal loads. Under cyclic bending loads, a crack also initiates and propagates on the counter surface while the main crack grows. And then, these cracks meet and penetrate the thickness of the component. Numerical analysis was performed for the evaluation of the main elliptical crack propagation and crack initiation and propagation at the counter surface under cyclic out-of-plane bending. An inelastic three-dimensional finite element analysis took crack opening and closure into account. When the front surface is in tension, the main crack opens and the compressive strain on the counter surface increases. Thus, deeper the main crack, larger the total strain range on the counter surface and this stimulates crack initiation on the counter surface. As the main crack propagates, the J-integral range at the deepest point decreases for deeper than 40 % of the plate thickness, and the crack grows slower. On the other hand, the J-integral range of the counter surface crack increase rapidly and crack propagation rate of the counter crack becomes larger than that of the main crack. Both the cracks on front and counter surfaces meet near 2/3 of the plate thickness of the component. The calculated crack propagation rates in both longitudinal and depth directions of the main and the counter surface cracks based on the J-integral ranges are close to the experimental ones.
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Doi, Hiroaki, and Kisaburo Azuma. "Simulation on Propagation and Coalescence of Fatigue Crack by Automatic Three-Dimensional Finite Element Crack Propagation System." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63151.

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Verification analyses of the CRACK-FEM developed to predict the propagation of age-related cracks detected in complicated-shaped components of nuclear power plants are presented. Four fatigue crack propagation tests for plate specimens with one and two initial surface cracks subjected to cyclic tensile and bending load respectively are simulated using the CRACK-FEM, and the analysis results are compared with the experimental data of the tests in literature. For the specimens with one crack, the relation between the number of load cycles and the crack size obtained by the analyses agrees with the experimental data. For the specimens with two cracks, the analysis results until the crack coalescence and the timing of the crack coalescence obtained by the analyses agree with the experimental data. In tensile fatigue test for specimen with two cracks, the relation between the number of load cycles and the crack size after the crack coalescence obtained by the analysis almost agrees with the experimental data, although a little difference of analysis from the experimental data is seen. However, in bending fatigue test for specimen with two cracks, the analysis results for all the number of load cycles show good agreement with the experimental data.
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Fonzo, Andrea, Andrea Meleddu, Massimo Di Biagio, Gianluca Mannucci, Giuseppe Demofonti, Clifford W. Petersen, and Nicholas E. Biery. "Crack Propagation Modeling and Crack Arrestor Design for X120." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10319.

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The new, higher grade pipeline steels provide an opportunity to reduce pipeline costs by enabling a shift to higher pressure at reasonable wall thickness. However, these higher operating stresses place greater demands on the pipeline, particularly when a running fracture is considered. Several studies have shown that intrinsic arrest cannot be counted on for these grades under all operating conditions. In such cases, crack arrestors will be needed. This paper presents results obtained using CSM’s proprietary PICPRO® finite element code to predict the performance of crack arresters on X120 pipes, and shows that the predictions agree well with full-scale experimental results obtained in arrestor trials.
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Kitamura, Kazuhiro, and I. L. Maksimov. "Temperature-Dependent Micro-Crack Propagation." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2733.

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The crack-lattice trapping phenomenon introduce by R. Thomson et al[1] is studied for the conditions of the Frenkel-Kontrova-type experiment. By using a new method, which allows further model extension for a finite temperature case we are able to describe an equilibrium crack energetics for arbitrary externa conditions and ascertain the crack propagation conditions. Specifically, the system free energy F as a function of nonlinear bond displacement ul for an external forces P and for a finite temperature T is found. The equilibrium values for the displacement ul = ul* and for G* = G(ul*), are obtained. The free-energy barrier height G = Gmax − G* dependence upon P and T is determined. With the help of the exact solution of the equilibrium equations we obtained the free energy as function of crack length G(l,T,P). We found that local free energy barriers take place for every crack length l, which is in contrast to the Thomson model. From the microscopic viewpoint it means that crack advance is controlled by local free energy barriers. We found that near the equilibrium length the crack energy barrier is relatively high, while far from equilibrium crack position, energy barrier height decreases to a finite value. It is worth to note that the barrier height monotonically decrease with the increase of the environment temperature. On the basis of our model the temperature dependence of the crack surface energy will be found, the global energetics of the crack will be described.
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Nakanishi, Shin, Fuminori Iwamatsu, Masaki Shiratori, and Hisao Matsushita. "Estimation of Fatigue Crack Propagation of Subsurface Cracks by “SCAN”." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93248.

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The authors have proposed an influence function method to calculate stress intensity factor, K, of the surface cracks. This method makes the calculating task easier for arbitrarily distributed surface stresses. They have developed the database of influence coefficients, Kij, for various types of surface cracks through a series of finite element analyses.[1] They also have developed a software system “SCAN” (Surface Crack Analysis), from the database. The K values of surface cracks can be evaluated immediately, and further, fatigue crack propagation can be simulated easily with a personal computer. A fatigue crack often initiates from a defect located at the subsurface of a structural member. In this case, it is important to account for the fatigue life from the initiation of a subsurface crack to its propagation into a surface crack. However, since it is difficult to simulate this process precisely, the authors have proposed a simple model about the transition from a subsurface crack into a surface crack based upon ASME CODE SECTION XI [2] and WES 2805 STANDARD. [3] They have developed a SCAN system – Subsurface Crack Version-. They calculated the fatigue life for some models of subsurface cracks and compared the quantitative differences between two standards.
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Lotsberg, Inge, and Mamdouh M. Salama. "Crack Propagation Versus Crack Initiation Lives of FPSO Weld Details." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20944.

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Documentation of a long crack propagation phase is important for planning a sound inspection program for fatigue cracks in FPSOs. Test results of full scale FPSO weld details have shown that fatigue lives of FPSO details are governed by crack propagation and that crack propagation lives are several times that of the crack initiation life. However, some analysis packages predict a short crack propagation life until failure compared to the crack initiation life. These predictions are not consistent with full scale test results and thus cannot be relied on in developing inspection strategy. The reason for this inconsistency in analysis as compared with test results may be due to limitations in the analysis program packages. The paper presents analysis of fatigue testing data on several full scale FPSO weld details. The paper also discusses the effect of “shake-down’ that is not simulated in the full scale constant amplitude testing and would even lead to longer crack propagation lives under the actual long term loading on FPSOs.
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Kunaporn, Chalitphan, Mahendra Singh, Mayuresh Patil, and Rakesh Kapania. "Random Crack Propagation Analysis of a Beam with a Crack." In 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
18th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
12th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-2940.

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Kim, Donghyun, Andrew Mawer, Glenn Y. Masada, and Tess J. Moon. "Modeling and Analysis of Crack Growth in SnPb and SnAgCu Solder Joints in PBGA Packages: Part II — Crack Propagation." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43237.

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Part II of this paper describes an experimental and analytical study of crack propagation in SnPb and SnAgCu solder joints in 357-PBGA packages exposed to 30-minute thermal cycles of 0 to 100°C. Experimental results show that cracks propagate faster at the package interface than at the board interface; secondary cracks from at the package interface, but grow much slower than the primary cracks; and crack growth rates in SnPb joints are about 50% larger than in SnAgCu joints. A crack propagation model, developed using the fracture mechanics approach, calculates the energy release rate at the crack tip. Using this rate and experimental crack length data, crack propagation rates were computed. Simulation results show the effects of solder type and aging conditions on crack propagation rates and the effects of the number of cracks in a joint on crack propagation life.
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Cui, Wei, and Jianjun Wang. "Probabilistic Analysis of Gas Turbine Disk Multi-Crack Propagation." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45439.

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An approach of predicting probabilistic life of multi-source surface crack growth problem is described in the paper. Multi-source circumferential surface cracks occur occasionally on aircraft engine turbine disk. A serious of semi-elliptical cracks which located in a certain radius but different circumferential position on turbine disk was caused by low-cycle fatigue. The residual life should be predicted according to the damage tolerance design theory. A typical turbine disk was studied as a numerical example by using finite element method. The existing experimental result in literature shows that the surface crack propagates faster on circumferential direction than on axial direction, and the surface cracks are going to merge on circumferential direction, which made the multi-crack a closed ring crack. The experiment shows that the multi-cracks would merge into a 2/3 circle crack after certain number cycles which agrees the numerical simulation. Then the crack model was reasonable simplified to axial direction 2-D crack problem in meridian plane of turbine disk. This 2-D axisymmetric simplification significantly reduces the probabilistic analysis computational time. The randomness of materials, load and geometric imperfection is considered in sensitivity analysis by using response surface method. Then the probabilistic life is predicted by considering the major random variables of initial crack length and engine speed. The probabilistic life analysis result is also compared with the existing experimental results.
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Reports on the topic "Crack propagation"

1

Heller, R. A. Statistical Treatment of Crack Propagation Data. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada410537.

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Zheng. L51791 Environmental Low-pH SCC-Effects on Crack Propagation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010172.

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This is the final report of a research project, PR-230-9413, funded by PRCl on the environmental effects on the propagation of transgranular stress corrosion cracks (TGSCC) of linepipe steels in soil environments of near-neutral pH. Supervision by the Ad Hoc Group on this project, chaired initially by Matt Cetiner of TransCanada PipeLines and then by Paul Wong of NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd., set the objectives and the scope of the work and was an integral component in the completion of this research. Three full-size ERW pipes, 508 mm (20 inches) diameter, hot-rolled Grade 359 (X-52), and a gravel-type soil were used. The pipe had been manufactured in the late 1950s and had been in service in a natural gas transmission pipeline for about 38 years. Crack growth was measured as a function of environmental variables and of loading severity, at the free corrosion potential (F. C. P.), at potentials anodic to F.C.P. and at cathodic potentials. At the free corrosion potential, the crack growth rate was found to be influenced by carbon dioxide. Growth rates of cracks with direct carbon dioxide admission tended to be higher than growth rates of other cracks.
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Malik. L51877 Crack Arrest Toughness to Avoid Dynamic Ductile Fracture in Gas Transmission Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010192.

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Design against long ductile fracture propagation in gas pipelines involves an analysis of the balance between driving force, derived from the gas pressure, and the fracture resistance of the material. Initially, the shelf energy in the Charpy test was successfully used as a measure of fracture propagation resistance. As material strength, pipe diameter and operating pressures increased and required greater fracture propagation resistance, the limitations of the Charpy energy approach became increasingly apparent. This limitation for modern steels is due to the fact that the Charpy test involves significant energy absorption contributions from processes not related to fracture propagation. If an energy-balance approach is to be maintained, and if material resistance is to be measured in a fairly simple laboratory notch bend test (e.g. Charpy or drop-weight tear), the problem reduces to the isolation of the propagation energy absorption per unit of crack advance. To resolve crack propagation energy, a novel modification was evaluated for both Charpy and DWTT specimens by employing a back-slot including a snug fitting shim to replace the removed material. In most cases, this modification was effective in curtailing the load-displacement trace when the propagating crack interacted with the slot on the backside of the specimen. It is also noted that this approach did not affect the initial portion of the load-displacement history and thus allowed crack propagation energies to be resolved.
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Demofonti, G., and P. E. O'Donoghue. L41065 Ductile Fracture Propagation Model Development. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011698.

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The objectives of this work are (1) to relax the restriction of steady-state crack growth in the dynamic ductile fracture propagation code PFRAC so that nonsteady crack propagation and arrest processes can be rigorously modeled, and (2) extend the critical crack tip opening angle fracture toughness database to other X60 to X80 grades of line pipe steels.
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5

Belytschko, Ted. Crack Propagation by Element-Free Galerkin Methods. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada329723.

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6

Blumenthal, Saul, and Prem Goel. Fatigue Crack Propagation: Probabilistic Modeling and Statistical Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada195885.

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Chell. L51760 Low-pH SCC-Mechanical Effects on Crack Propagation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010364.

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The objective of this project was to determine the roles and synergistic effects of pressure, pressure fluctuations, and hydrotesting on low-pH stress corrosion crack (SCC) growth. The project consisted oth three tasks: 1) to prepare test specimens and experimental apparatus and to establish a standard test protocol for conducting cyclic load tests and analyzing the test data; 2) to evaluate the effects of frequency, R ratio, and waveform on SCC growth in low pH environments; and 3) to evaluate the influence of hydrostatic pipeline testing on subsequent SCC growth in low-pH environments.
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Landis, Chad M., and Thomas J. Hughes. Phase-Field Modeling and Computation of Crack Propagation and Fracture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada603638.

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Mei, Zequn. Fatigue crack propagation in austenitic stainless steels at cryogenic temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6950500.

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Hair. L52003 Application of the Crack Layer Theory for Understanding and Modeling of SCC in High Pressure. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010893.

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A stochastic features of SCC colony, such as corrosion pit distribution, SC crack initiation from the pits and SC crack aspect ratio, SC crack cluster formation, SC cluster interaction and instability, are observed and characterized. A concept of a single crack equivalent to a cluster of cracks is introduced to simplify computational work on clusters evolution and instability. Various criteria of equivalence for different stages of clusters evolution are discussed. An accelerated test with a number of accelerating factors has been designed and performed for simulation of individual SC crack growth. Corrosion products at each stage of single crack propagation are investigated by means of Raman and FTIR analysis. The crack layer theory is adopted for modeling of SC crack growth. It provides the formalism for modeling of the effect of such processes as electro-chemical reactions, hydrogen embrittlement, and mechanical loading rates on crack growth rate. Finally, a computer simulation of SC crack growth was performed and validated by the available set of experimental data.
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