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Academic literature on the topic 'CPV-T'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "CPV-T"

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Hussain, M. Imtiaz, Gwi Hyun Lee, and Jun-Tae Kim. "Simulation and Model Validation of a Multi-Concentration Points Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal System." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2018.2388.

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In this study, the transient behavior of a concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPV/T) system is assessed using one-dimensional mathematical model. The model is based on the heat balance of the concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) solar cells, receiver pipe, thermal fluid, insulation, and the storage tank attached to PV/T system via insulated pipes. The mathematical model was developed and solved using ordinary differential equation solvers in MATLAB® computer program. The interdependence thermo-electric dynamic responses of the CPV/T system were modeled and analyzed by considering two cases such as with and without glass enclosure around the receiver. The electrical and thermal efficiencies are evaluated as the function of enclosure effect, beam solar radiation, and circulating fluid flow rate. For the purpose of model validation, experimental measurements of the CPV/T system were performed. Satisfactory agreements were found between the experimental data and the predicted results. The developed dynamic model is most suitable to predict and evaluate the performance of a point-focused CPV/T system.
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Renno, Carlo. "Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of a Linear Focus CPV/T System for Cogeneration Purposes." Energies 11, no. 11 (October 31, 2018): 2960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112960.

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The knowledge of the actual energy performances of a concentrating photovoltaic and thermal (CPV/T) system with a linear focus optics, allows to evaluate the possibility of adopting this type of system for cogeneration purposes. Hence, the main aim of this paper is the design, realization, setting and modeling of a linear focus CPV/T system in the high concentration field. An experimental linear focus CPV/T plant was created in order to determine its electrical and thermal performance under different working conditions in terms of environment temperature, sunny and cloudy conditions, focal length, etc. Moreover, a theoretical model of the linear focus CPV/T system was also studied. This model evaluates the temperatures of the working fluid that flows in the cooling circuit of the CPV/T system under several operating conditions. The temperatures of the triple junction (TJ) cells, experimentally evaluated referring to different solar radiation and atmospheric conditions, were considered as the input data for the model. The values of the fluid temperature, theoretically and experimentally determined, were thus compared with good agreement. The electrical production of the CPV/T system depends generally on the TJ cell characteristics and the concentration factor, while the thermal production is above all linked to the system configuration and the direct normal irradiance (DNI) values. Hence, in this paper the electric power obtained by the linear-focus CPV/T system was evaluated referring to the cogeneration applications, and it was verified if the TJ cell and the cooling fluid reach adequate temperature levels in this type of system, in order to match the electrical and the thermal loads of a user.
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Renno, Carlo, Alessandro Perone, Diana D’Agostino, and Francesco Minichiello. "Experimental and Economic Analysis of a Concentrating Photovoltaic System Applied to Users of Increasing Size." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 4968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164968.

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The costs of concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) and concentrating photovoltaic and thermal (CPV/T) systems are highly reduced in the last years because of their increasing diffusion. The unit power cost also depends on the plant size. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to analyze the feasibility of a CPV/T system adopted for users with increasing sizes located in Salerno (Italy): the house, the hotel, and the food industry. An experimental model was developed for an accurate evaluation of the electrical and thermal powers supplied by the CPV/T system when direct normal irradiation (DNI) and environmental temperature vary. A modular configuration of a line-focus CPV/T system was sized to match the electrical and thermal loads of each user. The current economic results, together with a forecast till the year 2025, were discussed. In 2025, for the same CPV system adopted for the domestic user, the net present value (NPVs) are expected to increase by 6.7% and 13% in pessimistic and optimistic scenarios, respectively, with reductions of its discounted payback period (DPBP) of 16% and 30%. For the same CPV systems adopted for the other two users, the NPVs are expected to increase by about 4.2% and 8.4% in pessimistic and optimistic scenarios, respectively, with decreases of its DPBP of 14% and 27%.
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Renno, Carlo. "Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of the Working Fluid Temperature Levels in a CPV/T System." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 14, 2020): 3077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123077.

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A linear focus Concentrator Photovoltaic and Thermal (CPV/T) system can match the thermal demands of a user. The evaluation of the cooling fluid temperature levels of a CPV/T system is fundamental to understand if this system is capable of satisfying the typical thermal requirements of a residential user (heating, cooling and domestic hot water). First, an experimental line-focus CPV/T system, realized in the Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics of the University of Salerno (Italy), has allowed to determine the cooling fluid temperature at the CPV/T system outlet. Successively, the cooling fluid temperatures, experimentally obtained, have been compared with the same temperatures calculated by means of a theoretical model under the same operation conditions. A deviation in terms of the percentage relative error between theoretical and experimental results included between about 0.5% and 5%, has been found. The goodness of the theoretical–experimental comparison in terms of the temperature of the operation fluid at the CPV/T system outlet has represented a fundamental point to evaluate theoretically, by means of the TRNSYS software, the other levels of temperature of an integrated system, constituted by CPV/T system, thermal tank and user, for different temporal scenarios (hourly, weekly, monthly and yearly). The input data of the TRNSYS model are: Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), Triple-Junction (TJ) cell temperature and environmental conditions. A tank model is also adopted to satisfy the thermal energy demand peaks, and the temperature stratification in the tank linked to the CPV/T system, as function of the height, is obtained in winter and summer. It is important to define these thermal levels to verify if a CPV/T system is capable to satisfy the residential user energy demands or a thermal energy integration is necessary in some periods of the year. A good stratification has been noted in the summer season, with temperature values that are variable between about 40 and 90 °C. From April to October, the tank average temperature is generally resulted about 10 °C higher than the temperature required by the fluid sent to the residential user, and a very low integration is then necessary. It has been verified that the CPV/T system covers a large part of the thermal energy needs of the residential user during the year; the coverage is limited only in the winter months.
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Renno, Carlo, Fabio Petito, Diana D’Agostino, and Francesco Minichiello. "Modeling of a CPV/T-ORC Combined System Adopted for an Industrial User." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2020): 3476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133476.

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The increasing energy demand encourages the use of photovoltaic solar systems coupled to organic rankine cycle (ORC) systems. This paper presents a model of an ORC system coupled with a concentrating photovoltaic and thermal (CPV/T) system. The CPV/T-ORC combined system, described and modeled in this paper, is sized to match the electrical load of a medium industrial user located in the South of Italy. A line-focus configuration of the CPV/T system, constituted by 16 modules with 500 triple-junction cells, is adopted. Different simulations have been realized evaluating also the direct normal irradiance (DNI) by means of the artificial neural network (ANN) and considering three input condition scenarios: Summer, winter, and middle season. Hence, the energy performances of the CPV/T-ORC system have been determined to evaluate if this integrated system can satisfy the industrial user energy loads. In particular, the peak power considered for the industrial machines is about 42 kW while other electrical, heating or cooling loads require a total peak power of 15 kW; a total electric average production of 7500 kWh/month is required. The annual analysis shows that the CPV/T-ORC system allows satisfying 100% of the electric loads from April to September; moreover, in these months the overproduction can be sold to the network or stored for a future use. The covering rates of the electrical loads are equal to 73%, 77%, and 83%, respectively for January, February, and March and 86%, 93%, and 100%, respectively for October, November, and December. Finally, the CPV/T-ORC combined system represents an ideal solution for an industrial user from the energy point of view.
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Renno, Carlo, Alessandro Perone, Diana D’Agostino, and Francesco Minichiello. "Performance Evaluation of a Linear CPV/T System in Different Working Conditions." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 2115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052115.

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The performance of Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal (CPV/T) systems is also linked to climatic conditions. In this paper, the main purpose is to determine the energy and economic performance of a line-focus CPV/T system used for a residential user, considering three cities with different weather conditions: Amsterdam (The Netherlands), Marrakech (Morocco), and Salerno (Italy). A modular configuration of a CPV/T system, with a concentration factor equal to 90 and module of 60 Triple-Junction (TJ) cells, is considered. The electrical power is linked to the values of TJ cell temperature and concentrated radiation by an experimental model. Electric production is highly influenced by the TJ cell temperature values. Hence, Marrakech presents lower power generation in summer than Amsterdam, 126 W, and 134 W respectively; in winter season the trend is reversed. However, the electric production in Marrakech will be higher because presents a higher number of daylight hours than other cities considered. The CPV/T system electrical and thermal producibility is evaluated for each city and for typical winter and summer sunny days, together with the modules number able to obtain the investment profitability.
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Meng, Xian-long, Fu-Peng Ren, Peng Zhang, and Zi-xuan Tang. "Trough-Type Free-Form Secondary Solar Concentrator for CPV/T Application." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 8023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218023.

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Imaging concentrators like the parabolic trough solar concentrators have been widely employed for energy production in solar power plants. The conventional imaging solar concentrators form a non-uniform Gaussian distribution on receiving absorbers yielding the highest temperatures. The traditional CSP system normally truncated a peripheral region of heat flux to better use the central part. CPV/T systems using the waste heat recovery method can largely improve the total efficiency. However, for the CPV module, the coolant temperature was usually below 80 °C, which limited the applications of the thermal cycle such as the ORC system. In this article, a novel trough-type free-form secondary solar concentrator (TFSC) for PV/Thermal hybrid application has been proposed. Different from other CPV/T concepts using a combined PV panel and cooling tunnel/tube, the current concept separates the receiver in two parts. The secondary free-form reflector is generated by the geometric construction method, resulting in uniform heat flux in the edge region and high concentration in the central region. Through the ray tracing method, the optical properties have been verified. Sensitivity analysis of the concentrating structure is also conducted. The results provide supports for the design and applications of novel CPV/T systems.
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Mukhopadhyay, Hirak K., Mangadevi Nookala, Nobal RK Thangamani, Amsaveni Sivaprakasam, Prabhakar X. Antony, Jacob Thanislass, Mouttou V. Srinivas, and Raghavan M. Pillai. "Molecular characterisation of parvoviruses from domestic cats reveals emergence of newer variants in India." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 8 (August 19, 2016): 846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16661375.

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Objectives The present study was undertaken to characterise the viral polypeptide 2 (VP2) gene of parvovirus from domestic cats in India. Methods The faecal samples from diarrhoeic/healthy domestic cats were collected from different geographical regions of India for screening by PCR assay followed by sequence analysis of the VP2 gene. Results Canine parvovirus (CPV)/feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) infections were found in 12 (11.3%) of 106 faecal samples tested. Two new CPV-2a (297Ala and Asn426) and three FPV strains were identified by VP2 gene analysis. Several unique and existing amino acid mutations were found, suggesting continuous evolution and emergence of newer variants. The phylogenetic analysis of the CPV sequences revealed that the two new CPV-2a strains from Mumbai (MC8) and Puducherry (P15) were clustered together in a single clade but had evolved independently and were ancestrally related to Chinese CPV-2a isolates. The FPV sequences (T-C-6 and T-C-1) from Thrissur, Kerala, formed a different clade (FPV clade) and were closely related to each other and had an ancestral relationship with an FPV isolate from the USA. Another FPV isolate from Goa (GC1) was positioned in the same clade but had evolved independently. Conclusions and relevance Detection of CPV in both diarrhoeic/healthy cats and the occurrence of FPV infection in a vaccinated cat provide new insights into parvovirus infections in cats in India.
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Elsheniti, Mahmoud Badawy, Abdulrahman AlRabiah, Hany Al-Ansary, Zeyad Almutairi, Jamel Orfi, and Abdelrahman El-Leathy. "Performance Assessment of an Ice-Production Hybrid Solar CPV/T System Combining Both Adsorption and Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Systems." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 17, 2023): 3711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043711.

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The technology of a hybrid solar concentration photovoltaic/thermal (CPV/T) system is an efficient way of converting solar energy to heat and electrical power, in which overall energy-extraction efficiency is at its highest. In this study, numerical dynamic simulation models were developed for a hybrid solar CPV/T system and an adsorption refrigeration system (ARS). Under the climatic conditions of Riyadh all year round, the electrical and thermal powers generated by the CPV/T system were used to estimate the ice production of both the vapor compression refrigeration system (VCS) and the ARS. The CPV/T system can provide a thermal energy of 37.6 kWh and electrical energy of 24.7 kWh a day on average over the year using a 12.5 m2 facing area of Fresnel lenses. The ARS employed an advanced approach which used Maxsorb III adsorbent packed in two aluminum foam beds. An optimum cycle time of the ARS was adapted for each month to match the variation in the thermal energy, while a variable-speed compressor was chosen for the VCS. Due to its higher coefficient of performance (COP), the proposed solar hybrid system can produce 494.4 kg of ice per day while sharing 84.5% of the VCS. The average solar COP over the year of the hybrid system can attain 0.875, which represents a promising value for a solar ice-production system.
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Renno, C., S. Miranda, and F. Petito. "Inefficiencies analysis of a point-focus CPV∕T system." International Journal of Green Energy 13, no. 9 (December 16, 2015): 918–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2015.1112286.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CPV-T"

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Davila-Peralta, Christian, Justin Hyatt, Dan Alfred, Morgan Struble, Frank Sodari, and Roger Angel. "Dish-based CPV-T for rooftop generation." AMER INST PHYSICS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626483.

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Hybrid CPV-T with combined electrical and thermal output is well suited to solar generation from fixed limited areas, such as on the roof of an industrial or commercial facility with need for heat. This application will become especially attractive once overall electrical conversion efficiency of 40% is reached, as is projected for REhnu CPV systems using multijunction cells of 50% efficiency, anticipated in a few years. We outline here a configuration of dishbased CPV trackers optimized for close packing on a flat roof in a triangular grid, with a mirror area-to-ground area ratio of 50%. When the geometry of shadowing averaged over a year is taken into account, 80% of all the sunlight that would strike the rooftop is directed into the receivers. Such an array on a given area of flat roof will generate more electrical energy than would be possible with conventional PV panels, even if covering the entire rooftop, because of silicon's relative inefficiency. For example, in Tucson, the annual average global flux of 5.7 kWh/m2/day on a horizontal surface covered with 22% silicon modules will yield 1.25 kWh/m2/day. We show that a CPV system collecting 80% of all the direct sunlight of 7.0 kWh/m2 and converting it with 40% efficiency will yield 2.24 kWh/m2/day of rooftop area, nearly twice as much4. Thermal power will double again the total energy yield A dual axis CPV-T tracker designed specifically very close spacing has been built to carry a single dish mirror of the standard type used in REhnu's M-8 generator, described by Stalcup et al in these proceedings1,2. Sunlight is collected and focused by a single square paraboloidal mirror, 1.65 x 1.65 m with focal length of 1.5 m. For closest possible packing without mechanical interference, and for broad distribution of load on a rooftop, the mirror and receiver are mounted to a C-ring structure, configured such that the elevation and azimuth axes intersect at a virtual pivot, at the center of the sphere that just clears the receiver and the corners of the mirror. Initial tests of closed loop tracking show an accuracy of 0.03 degrees rms under calm conditions, and 0.04 degrees rms in 6 m/sec wind.
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Stalcup, Thomas, Roger Angel, Andrew Geary, Frank Sodari, Matt Rademacher, Andy Whiteside, John Will, Nick Didato, and Peter Strittmatter. "On-grid performance of REhnu’s 8-mirror CPV-T tracker." AMER INST PHYSICS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626484.

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REhnu has built and tested two 6 kW CPV-T trackers using dish-receiver architecture. In these trackers, only the light collection elements are large, namely mirrors on dual axis trackers. The inherently small parts, the multijunction cells, are packaged in a small, inexpensive receiver at each mirror focus. Optics in the receiver apportion the intensely focused sunlight equally to many cells, for high optical efficiency and simplified manufacture. Heat is removed by recirculated liquid. The tracker carries eight 2.7 m(2) mirrors and receivers. The CSTC DC efficiency of the individual mirror receiver units is measured at 32.5%. When used for electrical generation alone, the tracker system delivers an AC electrical output of 6.27 kW to the grid, referenced to a solar flux of 1 kW/m(2) DNI and 20 degrees C ambient temperature, corresponding to a total CSOC system efficiency of 29.1%, matching the best grid-connected system efficiency reported for any CPV system4. When used to generate also a thermal output of 9 kW at 64 degrees C, the electrical efficiency of the tracker was reduced by 0.8%, while the total efficiency, thermal plus electrical, rose to 77%.
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Hayakawa, M., and A. I. Sanda. "Searching for T, CP, CPT, and ΔS = ΔQ rule violations in the neutral K meson system: A guide." The American Physical Society, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7157.

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Fernandes, Gilson. "Rede local de processadores de uma CPA-T." [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261556.

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Orientador: Michel Daoud Yacoub
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo:Devido a redução nos custos dos processadores, causada pela evolução tecnológica, ocorreu uma revolução nos sistemas de controle e de processamento. Os sistemas de controle que tradicionalmente eram quase que exclusivamente centralizados, passaram a ser preteridos em função dos sistemas distribuídos. Os sistemas distribuídos propiciam uma capacidade de processamento ampliável, teoricamente infinita, pela agregação de novas unidades de processamento, além de prover um nível de confiabilidade superior ao dos sistemas centralizados convencionais. O propósito desta tese é descrever a arquitetura e a implementação de uma rede local de processadores particular que caracteriza um sistema distribuído. O objetivo imediato deste desenvolvimento foi servir como suporte ao controle de uma central CPA-T (central temporal com controle por programa armazenado) de grande porte (Sistema TRÓPICO RA). Como resultado obteve-se uma estrutura de controle que atendeu a todos os requisitos especificados. Além disso, a sua flexibilidade é tal que a mesma solução permite ser utilizada em outras aplicações onde seja necessário um sistema de comunicação entre processadores com características como alta performance, modularidade, confiabilidade, com a vantagem de utilizar-se um reduzido número de componentes de fácil aquisição no mercado
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
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Kranzer, Katharina Theresa. "Direkte und indirekte Effekte von CpG-Oligodeoxynukleotiden auf humane T-Lymphozyten." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964644800.

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Scherer, Barbara Marion. "Effekt von CpG-Oligonukleotiden auf die Funktion humaner T-Zellen und NK-Zellen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972046356.

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Soares, Aurore. "Etude des symetries t et cpt dans les desintegrations semileptoniques des kaons neutres." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066392.

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Cette these a ete realisee au sein de l'experience cplear situee aupres de l'anneau d'accumulation d'antiprotons, lear, du cern. Cette experience est destinee a l'etude des symetries cp, t et cpt. Grace a une methode interferometrique entre les k0 et les k0bar produits dans les annihilations au repos proton-antiproton, cplear mesure les parametres de violation de cp, t et cpt a partir des desintegrations des kaons neutres dans les modes deux pions, trois pions et semileptonique. Ce memoire traite de l'etude des desintegrations semileptoniques et de la mesure des parametres de violation de t et cpt. Il commence par une rapide presentation des symetries discretes c, t, p, cp et cpt. Le formalisme des kaons neutres est ensuite developpe. Puis l'ensemble du dispositif experimental, comprenant le detecteur et le systeme de selection en ligne, est presente. Pour finir, la selection et l'analyse des evenements semileptoniques sont developpees et suivies d'une presentation et discussion des resultats obtenus
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Fazano, Laura. "Um sistema baseado em conhecimento para dimensionamento e configuração de centrais telefonicas CPA-T." [s.n.], 1991. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261396.

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Orientador: Fernando A. C. Gomide
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: Um dos principais ramos da Inteligência Artificial é o de Sistemas Baseados em Conhecimento. Dentre esses, uma das principais áreas de atuação é a de configuração de equipamentos de grande porte, envolvendo grande quantidade de componentes e de diferentes combinações entre esses componentes. Este trabalho descreve o SSEA, Sistema de Suporte à Engenharia Aplicada, um sistema baseado em conhecimento para dimensionamento e configuração de centrais telefônicas CPA-T da família TRÓPICO RA. É descrito todo o processo de desenvolvimento do sistema, desde a Especificação de Requisitos até a implementação e testes do protótipo
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Cioffi, Romulo. "Metodologia para a criação de produtos e serviços aplicada ao desenvolvimento de uma CPA-T." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261557.

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Orientador: Michel Daoud Yacoub
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: A Rede de Telecomunicações passa por transformações que conduzem a expressivas mudanças em vários setores da vida humana. É toda uma evolução, e revolução, motivada pelo interesse por novos negócios e pela capacidade inventiva do ser humano, onde buscam-se oferecer serviços de comunicação em geral: voz, dados e imagens. O mercado de telecomunicações toma-se dia a dia mais exigente, seus valores são universais e a competição para atendê-Io é cada vez mais global. A finalidade desta tese é apresentar uma Metodologia para a Criação de Produtos e Serviços aplicável em qualquer nível de rede. Essa metodologia foi usada na prática do desenvolvimentodo SistemaTrópico-RA, que é um componente da Rede de Telecomunicações. Mas, neste trabalho de tese, ela será demonstrada na criação de produtos software. A sua generalidadeé tal que ela poderia contribuir também para o desenvolvimentode outras várias aplicações. Os fornecedores de produtos e serviços para a Rede de Telecomunicações, por exemplo, estão em busca de metodologias que cumpram com o requisito de economia, ou seja, qualidade a baixo custo. O conceito de Rede Inteligente foi criado para racionalizar a disponibilidade de novos serviços na Rede de Telecomunicações. A metodologia proposta neste trabalho poderia ser usada para essa aplicação. Neste caso ela proveria um suporte a todas as fases do desenvolvimento de um novo serviço, desde a sua criação até a operação e manutenção, acelerando-se a oferta de novos serviços para a Rede Inteligente
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Moreno, Puerto Jose. "Performance Evaluation of the Solarus AB Asymmetric Concentrating Hybrid PV/T Collector." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17096.

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The energy sector is currently in a state of change as conventional energy sources are questioned by the need of new clean and sustainable energy sources to satisfy the global energy demand in the long term. Renewable energies respond to this increasing demand and solar energy is an advanced example of them. Photovoltaic modules are experiencing a steady reduction in their production costs. It is needed that this trend continues and, along with it, their propagation and expansion in the market continues. One way of reducing production costs is by using inexpensive light concentrators to increase the output of the costly photovoltaic cell. In this respect, the Solarus AB hybrid PV/T collector has been designed based on this principle. This collector is a CPC (Compound Parabolic Collector) and belongs to the MaReCo (Maximum Reflector Collector) family. The aim of this thesis is to deeply investigate this technology in two main areas. Firstly, the collector will be tested both electrically and thermally in order to evaluate its performance. To do so, a solar test rig has been built and connected at the building Hall 45 of Högskolan i Gävle, Gävle, Sweden. The second main area of investigation of this thesis is to determine the optimal price for the Solarus AB hybrid PV/T collector in order to be competitive in the solar energy market. This study will be based in the current market prices of photovoltaic and thermal collectors. Regarding the electrical performance of the collector, the results obtained show that the front side of the receiver produces more electricity throughout the day than the reflector side. This has guided Solarus AB to decide to change the design of its receiver to improve its performance. With the current design, it has been obtained a peak power at STC of 220W. In relation with the thermal part, the heat losses of the collector have been estimated obtaining a U value of 6,8W/(m2*K), a thermal optical beam efficiency of 63,5% and a total optical beam efficiency of 74,5%. The price market study of photovoltaic and thermal collector has shown that 2m2 of the Solarus AB hybrid PV/T collector produces approximately the same annual electricity and heat as 1,1m2 of a photovoltaic module with an efficiency of 15,5% and a flat plate collector of 0,85m2 of aperture area. According to the market study, its cost is equivalent to 190€ for the PV module and 220€ for the flat plate collector. This means that the price of the Solarus AB hybrid PV/T collector should be lower than 410€.
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Books on the topic "CPV-T"

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T, Day, Pey J, and Tucker C, eds. CPVE computer profiling program by T Day, J Pey and C Tucker. Chelmsford: Essex Institute of Higher Education, 1987.

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Gleim, Irvin N. Cpa Review Financial 2012 Ed T. Brand: Gleim Publications, Inc., 2012.

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Atkisson, RM. Modern Internal Auditing CPE IM T/a. Halsted Press, 1986.

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Gleim. Cpa Examination Review 17e Tm T/A. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1992.

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Williams, Richard H. 1998 Cpe Program T/A GAAP Update Service. Magic Carpet Books, 1997.

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Georgiades. 1998 Cpe Program T/A Ggaap Update Servic. Red Wagon Books, 1997.

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Peter. Mktg Mgmt Cps Sel T&C Au Ed. Irwin, 1994.

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Bailey, Larry P. 1998 Cpe Program T/A GAAS Update Service. Magic Carpet Books, 1997.

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Litty, Lenny. Notebook: Dinosaur T-Rex Hates CPR - Notebook and Journal. Independently Published, 2020.

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Erickson. Cps Micro Ap W/Dos50/Wp51/Db4/Qp4 T. Irwin, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "CPV-T"

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Baqi, Shaimaa Abdel, Ahmed Hassan, and Ali Hassan Shah. "Performance Optimization of Concentrated Photovoltaic-Thermal (CPV-T) System Employing Phase Change Material (PCM) in Hot Climate." In Renewable Energy and Sustainable Buildings, 579–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18488-9_46.

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Fiorenza, Giuseppe, Giovanni Luigi Paparo, Felice Apicella, Nicola Bianco, and Giorgio Graditi. "An Innovative Dynamic Model for the Performance Analysis of a Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal (CPV/T) Solar Collector." In Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol II, 337–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18215-5_30.

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Henley, Ernest M. "CP, T, and CPT Symmetries." In CP Violation in Particle, Nuclear and Astrophysics, 4–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47895-7_2.

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Zavrtanik, Danilo. "CPLEAR Experiment at CERN: CP, T, and CPT Measurements in the Neutral Kaon System." In International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, 794–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59982-8_142.

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Heeg, K. "CpG DNA Co-Stimulates Antigen-Reactive T Cells." In Immunobiology of Bacterial CpG-DNA, 93–105. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59672-8_6.

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Lee, T. D. "An Elementary Discussion of Possible Non-Invariance Under T, CP and CPT in Hyperon Decays." In Selected Papers, 391–402. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5400-3_35.

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Rischin, Danny. "Biomarkers for Immune Modulatory Treatment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 83–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_6.

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AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the standard of care for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). However, only a minority of patients respond, hence the search for predictive biomarkers. Potential predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors discussed in this chapter include (1) Immune checkpoint ligand expression e.g., PD-L1, (2) biomarkers of a T-cell inflamed tumour microenvironment (TME) such as gene expression profiles of activated T cells, (3) biomarkers of tumour neoepitope burden such as tumour mutation burden (TMB) and (4) multidimensional quantitative techniques. At present only PD-L1 expression has been shown to have clinical utility in head and neck cancer. It enriches for populations more likely to respond, but the false positive predictive value remains high. In the pivotal Keynote−048 trial that established a role for pembrolizumab (anti-PD1) monotherapy and pembrolizumab + chemotherapy as treatment options in first-line R/M HNSCC, primary endpoints included overall survival in defined subgroups based on PD-L1 expression. In this trial the combined positive score (CPS) was used which takes into account PD-L1 expression in tumour and immune cells. Based on this trial regulatory approvals for first-line pembrolizumab in R/M HNSCC require assessment of PD-L1 expression using the CPS. Finally we discuss emerging evidence that locoregionally advanced HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers that have high expression of CD103 positive CD8 T cells have an excellent prognosis and features that suggest increased probability of responding to anti-PD1/PD-L1, raising the possibility of incorporating these immune therapies as part of a de-escalation trial strategy.
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Dickinson, Jennet Elizabeth. "Measurement of CP Properties in $$t\bar{t}H$$ and tH." In ATLAS Measurements of the Higgs Boson Coupling to the Top Quark in the Higgs to Diphoton Decay Channel, 163–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86368-5_12.

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Dickinson, Jennet Elizabeth. "CP-Sensitive Categorization of $$t\bar{t}H(\gamma \gamma )$$ Events." In ATLAS Measurements of the Higgs Boson Coupling to the Top Quark in the Higgs to Diphoton Decay Channel, 141–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86368-5_11.

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Gérard, Jean-Marc. "CP- and T- Violations in the Standard Model." In Quantitative Particle Physics: Cargèse 1992, 149–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2944-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "CPV-T"

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Everett, V., J. Harvey, S. Surve, E. Thomsen, M. Vivar, M. Fuentes, S. Rahman, Y. Osorio Mayon, and A. Blakers. "Hybrid CPV-T micro-concentrator system." In 2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2011.6186112.

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Davila-Peralta, Christian, Justin Hyatt, Dan Alfred, Morgan Struble, Frank Sodari, and Roger Angel. "Dish-based CPV-T for rooftop generation." In 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-13). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5001440.

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Macias, Marianela Machuca, Thiago Henrique Sanaiotto Schmidt, Vinicius de Sousa Britto, Taygoara Oliveira, and Antonio Brasil Junior. "Modelling and Simulation of a CPV/T System." In 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-2262.

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Stalcup, Thomas, Roger Angel, Andrew Geary, Frank Sodari, Matt Rademacher, Andy Whiteside, John Will, Nick Didato, and Peter Strittmatter. "On-grid performance of REhnu’s 8-mirror CPV-T tracker." In 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-13). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5001411.

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Wiesenfarth, Maike, Joachim Went, Armin Bösch, Alexander Dilger, Thomas Kec, Achim Kroll, Joachim Koschikowski, and A. W. Bett. "CPV-T mirror dish system combined with water desalination systems." In 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-12). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4962076.

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Evan-Iwanowski, Ross M., Chu Ho Lu, and Germain L. Ostiguy. "On the Fundamental Issues in Nonstationary Dynamics and Chaos." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0086.

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Abstract In nonstationary (NS) systems some control parameters (CPs) have the following forms: CP(t) = CP0 + ψ(t), where CP0 = const, and ψ(t) are arbitrary functions of t. Other arbitrary functions which play a pivotal role in the NS systems are the parameter functions ϕ(CP) = 0, CP = {CP1, CP2...CPn}. While the functions ψ(t) determine the time directions of the NS dynamical behavior, the functions ϕ(CP) = 0 determine the paths for the CPs to follow. The NS processes are permanently transient due to the functions ψ(t) and/or ϕ(CP) = 0, and for that reason, they can be extremely complex. Clearly then, it is essential to address the fundamental problems of cohesion and definitness of these processes. Using select examples, these issues have been studied in this presentation and have been resolved in positive. Specifically, the following have been demonstrated: (1) convergence (definitivness) of the NS logistic map and the softening Duffing oscillator to an NS limit motion (2) the appearance of a sequence of similar attractors for different NS bifurcations (3) the effects of different parameter paths, ϕ(CP) = 0, in the period doubling region of the Duffing oscillator (4) the effects of linear and cyclic paths in transition through the Ueda bifurcation regions. The results obtained show considerable complexity of the NS dynamic and chaotic responses (5) for exponential ψ(t), the Lorenz “weather” three-term model exhibit a periodic “window” in the chaotic range for an extended value of t. (6) the effects of different ψ(t) in the typical codimension one bifurcations (7) the ST chaos may be created or annihilated by injection of NS inputs (8) an efficient and fast stabilization, i.e., reduction of ST vibration to near the static equilibrium in a short time, can be accomplished by NS changes of the parameters of the system.
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Hagfarah, Ayman, and Mehdi Nazarinia. "Fundamental Study for the Power Tower’s High Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal-Combined Thermal Receiver." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59051.

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The present study introduces fundamental aspects of a novel concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) technology. The technology is based on combining CPV/T receiver along with a solar thermal receiver. The combination is referred to as a High Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal - Combined receiver or HCPV/T-CT. The receiver is allocated in lieu of the conventional solar thermal receivers in the solar tower power plant schemes. The plant is designed to generate electricity and thermal energy simultaneously prior to integration with the conventional water desalination plant. The centralized generation in the CPV/T-CT receiver will remarkably simplify the complexity of the conventional solar power plants, and eliminate the piping networks’ energy losses in the CPV/T Dish tracking plants. The viability of the HCPV/T-CT power tower plant has also been investigated by; firstly, designing and simulating the plant performance using the System advisor model (SAM) software, and secondly, designing a prototype receiver and then deriving a mathematical model. The Levelised Cost Of Electricity/Energy (LCOE) was found to be 0.119 $/kWhe and 0.021 $/kWhe for electricity and energy generation, respectively, while the photovoltaic cells temperature maintained below the 90 °C.
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Mojumder, Juwel Chandra, Saiied Aminossadati, and Christopher R. Leonardi. "Modelling of selective nanofluids under radiation in a CPV/T collector." In 22nd Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC2020. Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/d43e050.

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Escarra, Matthew D., Daniel Codd, Fletcher Miller, James Ermer, Vince Romanin, Brian C. Riggs, John Robertson, et al. "A Hybrid CPV/T System Featuring Transmissive, Spectrum-Splitting Concentrator Photovoltaics." In 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2018.8547930.

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Tamaki, Ryo, Takeshi Toyoda, Yoichi Tamura, Akinari Matoba, Toshiharu Minamikawa, Misato Imai, Masayuki Tokuda, Megumi Masui, and Yoshitaka Okada. "Hybrid photovoltaic and thermoelectric module for CPV-T with heat exchange applications." In 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-14). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5053553.

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Reports on the topic "CPV-T"

1

Aubert, B. Search for T, CP and CPT Violation in B0-B0bar Mixingwith Inclusive Dilepton Events. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878344.

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Kirkby, David P. Limits on the Lifetime Difference of Neutral B Mesons and on CP, T, and CPT Violation in B0-B0bar Mixing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812978.

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Aubert, B. Limits on the Decay-Rate Difference of Neutral B Mesons and on CP, T, and CPT Violation in B0-B0bar Oscillations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826548.

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Aubert, B. Limits on the Decay-Rate Difference of Neutral-B Mesons and on CP, T, and CPT Violation in B0-antiB0 Oscillations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826792.

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Yeche, Christophe. Search for T and CP Violation in B0-B0bar Mixing with inclusive Dileptons Events. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808657.

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Yeche, Christophe. Study of T and CP Violation in B{sup 0}-anti-B{sup 0} Mixing with Inclusive Dilepton Events. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/787202.

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Citovsky, Vitaly, and Yedidya Gafni. Nuclear Import of the Tomato Yellow Curl Leaf Virus in Tomato Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568765.bard.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) is a major pathogen of cultivated tomato, causing up to 100% crop loss in many parts of the world. In Israel the disease is well known and has an economic significance. In recent years viral symptoms were found in countries of the "New World" and since 1997, in Florida. Surprisingly, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of TYLCV interaction with the host plant cells. This proposal was aimed at expanding our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which TYLCV enters the host cell nucleus. The main objective was to elucidate the TYLCV protein(s) involved in transport of the viral genomic DNA into the host cell nucleus. This goal was best served by collaboration between our laboratories one of which (V.C.) was already investigating the nuclear import of the T-DNA ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens, and the other (Y.G.) was studying the effect of TYLCV capsid protein (CP) in transgenic plants, hypothesizing its involvement in the viral nuclear entry. Three years of our collaborative work have provided signifcant data that strongly support our original hypothesis of the involvement of TYLCtr CP in viral nuclear import. Furthermore, our results have laid a foundation to study fundamental, but as yet practically unresolved, questions about the role ofthe host cell factors in the nuclear import of geminiviruses within their host plant. As a result, this research may lead to development of new approaches for plant protection based on control of TYLCV import to the host plant cell nucleus.
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Citovsky, Vitaly, and Yedidya Gafni. Viral and Host Cell Determinants of Nuclear Import and Export of the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Tomato Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585200.bard.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) is a major pathogen of cultivated tomato, causing up to 100% crop loss in many parts of the world. In Israel, where TYLCV epidemics have been recorded since the 1960' s, this viral disease is well known and has been of economic significance ever since. In recent years, TYLCV outbreaks also occurred in the "New World" - Cuba, The Dominican Republic, and in the USA, in Florida, Georgia and Louisiana. Thus, TYLCV substantially hinders tomato growth throughout the world. Surprisingly, however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of TYLCV interaction with the host tomato cells. The present proposal, a continuation of the project supported by BARD from 1994, expanded our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which TYLCV enters the host cell nucleus for replication and transcription and exits it for the subsequent cell-to-cell spread. Our project sought two objectives: I. To study the roles of the viral capsid protein (CP) and host cell factors in TYLCV nuclear import. II. To study the roles of CP and host cell factors in TYLCV nuclear export. Our research toward these goals have produced the following major achievements: . Developed a one-hybrid assay for protein nuclear export and import (#3 in the List of Publications). . Identified a functional nuclear export signal (NES) in the capsid protein (CP) of TYLCV (#3 in the List of Publications). . Discovered homotypic interactions between intact TYLCV CP molecules and analyzed these interactions using deletion mutagenesis of TYLCV CP (#5 in the List of Publications). . Showed developmental and tissue-specific expression of the host factor required for nuclear import of TYLCV CP, tomato karyopherin alpha 1, in transgenic tomato plants (#14 in the List of Publications). . By analogy to nuclear import of TYLCV ,identified an Arabidopsis VIPI protein that participates in nuclear import of Agrobacterium T -complexes via the karyopherin alpha pathway (#4,6, and 8 in the List of Publications). These research findings provided significant insights into (i) the molecular pathway of TYLCV entry into the host cell nucleus, and (ii) the mechanism by which TYLCV is exported from the nucleus for the cell-to-cell spread of infection. Furthermore, the obtained knowledge will help to develop specific strategies to attenuate TYLCV infection, for example, by blocking viral entry into and/or exit out of the host cell nucleus. Also, as much of our findings is relevant to all geminiviruses, new anti- TYLCV approaches developed based on the results of our research will be useful to combat other members of the Geminivirus family. Finally, in addition to the study of TYLCV nuclear import and export, our research contributed to our understanding of general mechanisms for nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins and nucleic acids in plant cells.
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Eldar, Avigdor, and Donald L. Evans. Streptococcus iniae Infections in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Toward the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575286.bard.

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In Israel and in the U.S., Streptococcus iniae is responsible for considerable losses in various fish species. Poor understanding of its virulence factors and limited know-how-to of vaccine formulation and administration are the main reasons for the limited efficacy of vaccines. Our strategy was that in order to Improve control measures, both aspects should be equally addressed. Our proposal included the following objectives: (i) construction of host-pathogen interaction models; (ii) characterization of virulence factors and immunodominant antigens, with assessment of their relative importance in terms of protection and (iii) genetic identification of virulence factors and genes, with evaluation of the protective effect of recombinant proteins. We have shown that two different serotypes are involved. Their capsular polysaccharides (CPS) were characterized, and proved to play an important role in immune evasion and in other consequences of the infection. This is an innovative finding in fish bacteriology and resembles what, in other fields, has become apparent in the recent years: S. iniae alters surface antigens. By so doing, the pathogen escapes immune destruction. Immunological assays (agar-gel immunodiffusion and antibody titers) confirmed that only limited cross recognition between the two types occurs and that capsular polysaccharides are immunodominant. Vaccination with purified CPS (as an acellular vaccine) results in protection. In vitro and ex-vivo models have allowed us to unravel additional insights of the host-pathogen interactions. S. iniae 173 (type II) produced DNA fragmentation of TMB-8 cells characteristic of cellular necrosis; the same isolate also prevented the development of apoptosis in NCC. This was determined by finding reduced expression of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane leaflet of NCC. NCC treated with this isolate had very high levels of cellular necrosis compared to all other isolates. This cellular pathology was confirmed by observing reduced DNA laddering in these same treated cells. Transmission EM also showed characteristic necrotic cellular changes in treated cells. To determine if the (in vitro) PCD/apoptosis protective effects of #173 correlated with any in vivo activity, tilapia were injected IV with #173 and #164 (an Israeli type I strain). Following injection, purified NCC were tested (in vitro) for cytotoxicity against HL-60 target cells. Four significant observations were made : (i) fish injected with #173 had 100-400% increased cytotoxicity compared to #164 (ii) in vivo activation occurred within 5 minutes of injection; (iii) activation occurred only within the peripheral blood compartment; and (iv) the isolate that protected NCC from apoptosis in vitro caused in vivo activation of cytotoxicity. The levels of in vivo cytotoxicity responses are associated with certain pathogens (pathogen associated molecular patterns/PAMP) and with the tissue of origin of NCC. NCC from different tissue (i.e. PBL, anterior kidney, spleen) exist in different states of differentiation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed the "adaptation" of the bacterium to the vaccinated environment, suggesting a "Darwinian-like" evolution of any bacterium. Due to the selective pressure which has occurred in the vaccinated environment, type II strains, able to evade the protective response elicited by the vaccine, have evolved from type I strains. The increased virulence through the appropriation of a novel antigenic composition conforms with pathogenic mechanisms described for other streptococci. Vaccine efficacy was improved: water-in-oil formulations were found effective in inducing protection that lasted for a period of (at least) 6 months. Protection was evaluated by functional tests - the protective effect, and immunological parameters - elicitation of T- and B-cells proliferation. Vaccinated fish were found to be resistant to the disease for (at least) six months; protection was accompanied by activation of the cellular and the humoral branches.
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Epel, Bernard L., Roger N. Beachy, A. Katz, G. Kotlinzky, M. Erlanger, A. Yahalom, M. Erlanger, and J. Szecsi. Isolation and Characterization of Plasmodesmata Components by Association with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Proteins Fused with the Green Fluorescent Protein from Aequorea victoria. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573996.bard.

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The coordination and regulation of growth and development in multicellular organisms is dependent, in part, on the controlled short and long-distance transport of signaling molecule: In plants, symplastic communication is provided by trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels termed plasmodesmata (Pd). Plant viruses spread cell-to-cell by altering Pd. This movement scenario necessitates a targeting mechanism that delivers the virus to a Pd and a transport mechanism to move the virion or viral nucleic acid through the Pd channel. The identity of host proteins with which MP interacts, the mechanism of the targeting of the MP to the Pd and biochemical information on how Pd are alter are questions which have been dealt with during this BARD project. The research objectives of the two labs were to continue their biochemical, cellular and molecular studies of Pd composition and function by employing infectious modified clones of TMV in which MP is fused with GFP. We examined Pd composition, and studied the intra- and intercellular targeting mechanism of MP during the infection cycle. Most of the goals we set for ourselves were met. The Israeli PI and collaborators (Oparka et al., 1999) demonstrated that Pd permeability is under developmental control, that Pd in sink tissues indiscriminately traffic proteins of sizes of up to 50 kDa and that during the sink to source transition there is a substantial decrease in Pd permeability. It was shown that companion cells in source phloem tissue export proteins which traffic in phloem and which unload in sink tissue and move cell to cell. The TAU group employing MP:GFP as a fluorescence probe for optimized the procedure for Pd isolation. At least two proteins kinases found to be associated with Pd isolated from source leaves of N. benthamiana, one being a calcium dependent protein kinase. A number of proteins were microsequenced and identified. Polyclonal antibodies were generated against proteins in a purified Pd fraction. A T-7 phage display library was created and used to "biopan" for Pd genes using these antibodies. Selected isolates are being sequenced. The TAU group also examined whether the subcellular targeting of MP:GFP was dependent on processes that occurred only in the presence of the virus or whether targeting was a property indigenous to MP. Mutant non-functional movement proteins were also employed to study partial reactions. Subcellular targeting and movement were shown to be properties indigenous to MP and that these processes do not require other viral elements. The data also suggest post-translational modification of MP is required before the MP can move cell to cell. The USA group monitored the development of the infection and local movement of TMV in N. benthamiana, using viral constructs expressing GFP either fused to the MP of TMV or expressing GFP as a free protein. The fusion protein and/or the free GFP were expressed from either the movement protein subgenomic promoter or from the subgenomic promoter of the coat protein. Observations supported the hypothesis that expression from the cp sgp is regulated differently than expression from the mp sgp (Szecsi et al., 1999). Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, it was determined that paired wall-appressed bodies behind the leading edge of the fluorescent ring induced by TMV-(mp)-MP:GFP contain MP:GFP and the viral replicase. These data suggest that viral spread may be a consequence of the replication process. Observation point out that expression of proteins from the mp sgp is temporary regulated, and degradation of the proteins occurs rapidly or more slowly, depending on protein stability. It is suggested that the MP contains an external degradation signal that contributes to rapid degradation of the protein even if expressed from the constitutive cp sgp. Experiments conducted to determine whether the degradation of GFP and MP:GFP was regulated at the protein or RNA level, indicated that regulation was at the protein level. RNA accumulation in infected protoplast was not always in correlation with protein accumulation, indicating that other mechanisms together with RNA production determine the final intensity and stability of the fluorescent proteins.
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