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Naranjo, Arlene, Meredith S. Irwin, Michael D. Hogarty, Susan L. Cohn, Julie R. Park, and Wendy B. London. "Statistical Framework in Support of a Revised Children's Oncology Group Neuroblastoma Risk Classification System." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 2 (December 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.17.00140.
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Purpose The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) Staging System (INRGSS) was developed through international consensus to provide a presurgical staging system that uses clinical and imaging data at diagnosis. A revised Children's Oncology Group (COG) neuroblastoma (NB) risk classification system is needed to incorporate the INRGSS and within the context of modern therapy. Herein, we provide statistical support for the clinical validity of a revised COG risk classification system. Patients and Methods Nine factors were tested for potential statistical and clinical significance in 4,569 patients diagnosed with NB who were enrolled in the COG biology/banking study ANBL00B1 (2006-2016). Recursive partitioning was performed to create a survival-tree regression (STR) analysis of event-free survival (EFS), generating a split by selecting the strongest prognostic factor among those that were statistically significant. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was applied to obtain the most parsimonious model for EFS. COG patients were risk classified using STR, LASSO, and per the 2009 INRG classification (generated using an STR analysis of INRG data). Results were descriptively compared among the three classification approaches. Results The 3-year EFS and overall survival (± SE) were 72.9% ± 0.9% and 84.5% ± 0.7%, respectively (N = 4,569). In each approach, the most statistically and clinically significant factors were diagnostic category (eg, NB, ganglioneuroblastoma), INRGSS, MYCN status, International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification, ploidy, and 1p/11q status. The results of the STR analysis were more concordant with those of the INRG classification system than with LASSO, although both methods showed moderate agreement with the INRG system. Conclusion These analyses provide a framework to develop a new COG risk classification incorporating the INRGSS. There is statistical evidence to support the clinical validity of each of the three classifications: STR, LASSO, and INRG.
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Tuncer, Murathan, Nesrin Akbulut, Miraç Savaş Turhan, and Yakup Ari. "Time-Varying Network Connectedness Between the Organizational Ecology of Transportation and Storage Firms and Macroeconomic Variables." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 22, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2022-0027.
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Abstract Research background: Environmental factors are not adequately addressed in organizational ecology studies. At the same time, it is known that the theory has not received enough attention except for North America, which is the emerging point. Purpose: We aim to examine macroeconomic connectedness between the organizational ecology of transportation and storage firms and macroeconomic variables such as price and production indexes. Research methodology: This paper discusses the relation among the following variables within the framework of macroeconomic connectedness via organizational ecology theory. The variables are FOUNDINGS, DISBANDINGS, TRNSP-CPI, PPI IPI and ENERGY. We use the TVP-VAR based Diebold-Yılmaz Connectedness approach in the analysis of the data. Results: DISBANDING is the net transmitter throughout the entire period. FOUNDING is mainly a net shock receiver during the COVID-19 period and transmitter in other periods. TRANS-CPI and PPI are risk receivers throughout the entire period, and even the shocks they transmit increased in the post-2018 period. ENERGY and IPI are in shock receiver status throughout the entire period. The received shocks of IPI from others have decreased with the effect of the lockdown experienced during the COVID-19 period. Novelty: The investors can hedge against risk by looking at industry production capacity and the number of firm closures, considering the net bilateral link between the indices, and calculating the appropriate time period for establishing a firm. Connectedness indices vary considerably over the sampling period, which indicates that investors must dynamically adjust their position in the industry.
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Malaivongs, Sasawat, Supaporn Kiattisin, and Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard. "Cyber Trust Index: A Framework for Rating and Improving Cybersecurity Performance." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 11174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111174.
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Cybersecurity risk is among the top risks that every organization must consider and manage, especially during this time wherein technology has become an integral part of our lives; however, there is no efficient and simplified measurement method that organizations or regulators could use, as frequently as they need, to evaluate and compare the outcome of cybersecurity efforts that have been put in place. Consequently, this has resulted in an absence of critical data for cybersecurity improvement. This research proposes a Cyber Trust Index (CTI), a novel and simplified framework for evaluating, benchmarking, and improving organizations’ cybersecurity performance. Methods: The researchers analyzed prominent scientific research papers and widely used security standards to develop baseline security controls that serve as a measurement foundation. Then, they identified Control Enablers and Capability Tiers that were used as base measures and measurement methods. The CTI framework was evaluated by experts and tested with 35 organizations from the critical information infrastructure (CII) sector, as well as other generic sectors, in Thailand to confirm its validity and reliability in real organization settings and identify the priorities and factors that can contribute to better cybersecurity performance. Results: The CTI has two key elements: the baseline controls and rating methods. The baseline controls comprise 12 dimensions, 25 clusters, and 70 controls. The rating methods utilize five control enablers and five capability tiers to compute scores. A binary questionnaire is used to capture data for the rating process. Based on a statistical analysis of CTI results from 35 pilot organizations, 28.57% are in the beginner group with high-risk exposure, 31.43% are in the leader group with low-risk exposure, and 40% of organizations are in between (the intermediate and advanced groups). Two key factors distinguish between the beginner and leader groups: (1) an internal factor, which is the Control Enablers; and (2) an external factor, which is the influence of a cyber regulating body. Our study confirms that Control Enablers in higher Tiers will help organizations achieve better cybersecurity performance (R = 0.98021) and highlights the significance of cyber regulating bodies by showing a shear difference of 197.53% in cyber performance between highly regulated and low-regulated industries. Conclusions: This research reveals key insights into the importance of Control Enablers, which are the internal factors that organizations must leverage to drive better cybersecurity performance, and the positive return on enforcement, which emphasizes the need for cyber regulating bodies. The CTI framework has proven to be valid and efficient for measuring cybersecurity performance. At the very least, a step-wise roadmap is provided for organizations and regulators to adopt and adapt the CTI framework for their cybersecurity measurement and improvement mission.
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Sorge, Antonia, Giovanni Borrelli, Emanuela Saita, and Raffaella Perrella. "Violence Risk Assessment and Risk Management: Case-Study of Filicide in an Italian Woman." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 6967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19126967.
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Background: At an international level, the risk assessment and management process of violent offenders follows a standard method that implies well-defined theoretical models and the use of scientifically validated tools. In Italy, this process is still highly discretionary. The aim of this study is to highlight the advantages deriving from the use of risk assessment tools within the framework of a single case study; Methods: Recidivism risk and social dangerousness of an Italian woman perpetrator of filicide were assessed through the administration of the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) instrument supported by Historical Clinical Risk-20 Version 3 (HCR-20 V3); Results: The administration of LS/CMI showed that, in this single case, the subcomponents represent a criminogenic risk/need factor are: Family/Marital, Companions, Alcohol and Drug Problem and Leisure; while constituting strengths: employment and the absence of a Pro-criminal Orientation and an Antisocial Pattern; Conclusions: Data collected through LS/CMI indicated life areas of a single case, which should be emphasised not only to assess the risk of re-offending and social dangerousness but also for a social rehabilitation programme more suited to the subject. This study demonstrates that the LS/CMI assessment tool is suitable for the Italian context.
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Han, Hannah, Fan Yang, Sarah Murray, Gaspar Mbita, Maggie Bangser, Katherine Rucinski, Albert Komba, et al. "Characterizing a sexual health and HIV risk stratification scale for sexually active adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Tanzania." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): e0248153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248153.
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Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15 to 24 years face disproportionately high risks of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A sexual health risk stratification tool can support the development and implementation of tailored HIV and STI prevention services for sub-groups of at-risk AGYW. Data were collected among sexually active AGYW aged 15 to 24 years in Tanzania between April 2015 and March 2017. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to construct and assess the latent structure of a ten-item scale for rapid assessment of sexual health risks. Items with high factor loadings and minimal cross loadings were retained in the final scale. Scale performance was appraised against condomless sex (defined as unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse) reported by AGYW for construct validity. A three-factor structure of vulnerability to HIV among AGYW was supported with subscales for socioeconomic vulnerability; lack of adult support; and sexual behavioral risks. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test, root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index, and Tucker-Lewis index indicated a strong goodness-of-fit of the three-factor scale. Cronbach alphas (0.55 for socioeconomic vulnerability, 0.55 for lack of support, and 0.48 for sexual risk) indicated sub-optimal internal consistency for all sub-scales. The factor-item and factor-factor correlations identified in these analyses were consistent with the conceptual framework of vulnerability of HIV infection in AGYW, suggesting good construct validity. The scale also demonstrated a statistically significant association with condomless sex and could be potentially used for sexual health risk stratification (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.23). The sexual health and HIV risk stratification scale demonstrated potential in identifying sexually active AGYW at high risk for HIV and other STIs. Ultimately, all AGYW in Tanzania are not at equal risk for HIV and this scale may support directing resources towards those at highest risk of HIV.
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Niu, Lixia, Jin Zhao, and Jinhui Yang. "Risk Assessment of Unsafe Acts in Coal Mine Gas Explosion Accidents Based on HFACS-GE and Bayesian Networks." Processes 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020554.
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Even in the context of smart mines, unsafe human acts are still an important cause of coal mine gas explosion accidents, but there are few models to analyze unsafe human acts in coal mine gas explosion accidents. This study tries to solve this problem through a risk assessment method of unsafe acts in coal mine gas explosion accidents based on Human Factor Analysis and Classification system (HFACS-GE) and Bayesian networks (BN). After verifying the reliability of HFACS-GE framework, a BN model of risk factors of unsafe acts was established with the Chi-square test and odds ratios analysis. After reasoning analysis, risk paths and key risk factors of unsafe acts were obtained, and preventive measures were granted. Based on the analysis of 100 coal mine gas explosion cases, the maximum probability of five kinds of unsafe acts of employees is 38%. Among the 22 risk factors, the mental state of employees has the greatest influence on the habitual violation of regulations, and the sensitivity value is 12.7%. This study can provide technical assistance for the risk management of unsafe acts in coal mine gas explosions.
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Ba, Hung, and Tran Huynh. "Money laundering risk from emerging markets: the case of Vietnam." Journal of Money Laundering Control 21, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-09-2017-0050.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply the framework Price (2008) and HSBC Money Laundering Risk Procedures 2016 for estimating the risk contribution of each individual customer in Vietnamese banking system using the information from the survey in South East region in Vietnam in general and Ho Chi Minh city in specific. Design/methodology/approach Based on the collected data from the survey, the Money Laundering Risk Score (MLRS) is calculated for each customer who is using the services and products of Vietnamese commercial banks by the enhanced measurement model of Christopher Price, the ordinary least squares and three variations of logistic regression model. Findings This paper proposes an appropriate estimation of the money laundering risk (MLR) for personal customer using the most significant factors that affects MLR and suggests practical recommendations for commercial banking system. Practical implications This paper suggests an intuitive method to estimate the contribution of each customer factor on their MLRS. Originality/value The higher respondent’s group of age lead to the higher MLR occurred in the financial market. Follow the works of Wolfsberg et al. (2006), Sathan and Mahendhiran (2007), Usman Kemal (2014) and Reganati and Oliva (2017), this paper also confirms negative relationship between MLR with the respondent’s group of salary and the academic level. This indicated that the lower amount of money the respondents earn and lower academic level they were, the higher degree of MLR.
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Pražák, Dominik, Vítězslav Suchý, Markéta Šafaříková-Pštroszová, Kateřina Drbálková, Václav Sedlák, Šejla Ališić, Anatolii Bescupscii, and Vanco Kacarski. "A training centre for intraocular pressure metrology." Acta IMEKO 11, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v11i4.1300.
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The eye-tonometers are the important medical devices with measuring function which are necessary for the screenings of the intraocular hypertension (a serious risk factor for the glaucoma). However, it is not an easy task to ensure their correct metrological traceability. There is needed not only a wide range of various equipment but also the relevant know-how. Hence, a training centre for this quantity was established at the Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) within the framework of a smart specialisation concept for the intraocular pressure (IOP) metrology. The paper briefly outlines its history, scope, methodologies and future development plans
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Panayotova, Marinela, Nikolay Stoyanov, and Svetlana Bratkova. "Review of worldwide experience and the European legislation related to groundwater pollution assessment. Pollution indices and criteria." Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 33, no. 1 (2019): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/igh.33.1.51.
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A brief review of the European legislation related to groundwater protection and the legislation’s transposition in Bulgaria has been made. The existence of the necessary regulatory framework for ensuring groundwater protection has been pointed out. The basic guidance documents that help to meet the requirements set out in the Water Framework Directive and its daughter directives are outlined. The worldwide scientific experience regarding introduction of different indices and criteria for assessing the groundwater pollution is briefly presented and discussed. The outlined indexes and criteria include the contamination factor (Cfi), the degree of contamination (Cd), the modified degree of contamination (mCd), the contamination index (CI), the metal pollution index (MPI), the groundwater risk index (GRID), the pollution load index (PLI), the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), the heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), the Nemerow index (PI), the elemental (metal) contamination index (ECI) and the overall metal contamination index (MCI).
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Fiore, Marco, Max Almond, Francesco Barretta, Dario Callegaro, Chiara Colombo, Stefano Radaelli, Sandro Pasquali, et al. "Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma (RPS): Recent outcome improvement and refinement of treatment strategies at a single institution." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 11041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.11041.
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11041 Background: Extended surgery in retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) has resulted in less recurrences and better survival. We investigated whether outcome further improved, after the recent understanding of behavior of different RPS subtypes and introduction of multimodal therapies. Methods: Consecutive primary RPS operated at a single center were analyzed comparing 3 periods (2002-2006; 2007-2011; 2012-2016). Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS), crude cumulative incidence (CCI) of local recurrence and distant metastasis (LR, DM) for each subgroup: well differentiated (WDLPS), dedifferentiated G2 (G2DDLPS), G3 (G3DDLPS) liposarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Secondary endpoints: morbidity and post-relapse OS. Fisher/Chi-squared and Cochran–Armitage trends test were used. Survival was analysed by Kaplan-Meier/Cox PH or CCI/Fine Gray models in the competitive risk framework and compared with log-rank/Wald Gray tests. Multivariable analyses were performed. Results: Overall 437 RPS were operated: 82, 128 and 227 in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd period. Median follow-up was 125, 86 and 39 months. Complete resection (R0/R1) improved from 93.9% to 98.2% (p=0.059), median number of resected organs increased from 2 to 4 (p<.0001). Postoperative morbidity did not change (18.3%, 16.4%, 22.5%; p=0.269). Administration of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (CT) differed over time according to different subtypes. 5-yr OS improved (63.2% to 74.7%, p=0.005), along with a non-significant reduction in LR CCI (18.2% to 16.4%, p=0.379) and no change in DM CCI. At multivariable analysis, study period remained an independent prognostic factor for OS among the other known risk factors (3rd vs 1st period HR: 0.33, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed the following associations with better prognosis: 1. Improvement in 5-yr OS (from 55.0% to 70.7%, p=0.024) and LR (from 45.0% to 19.8%, p=0.060) in G2DDLPS, associated with more organs resected 2. Improvement in 5-yr OS (from 18.2% to 49.7%, p=0.035) and DM (from 70.0% to 19.8%; p=0.015) in G3DDLPS, associated with more anthracycline-based CT 3. A better 2-yr post-relapse OS (from 46.3% to 65.2%, p=0.122). Conclusions: OS of patients with DDLPS improved over time: in G2 this was associated with a refinement in the surgical approach, while in G3 with a more liberal use of anthracycline-based CT. New available therapies for recurring RPS may also have extended post-relapse OS. Prospective studies on perioperative CT for high risk RPS subtypes are eagerly awaited.
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Dorman, Hillary, Rebecca Allen, Patricia Parmelee, and Lisa McGuire. "An Examination of the Meikirch Model’s Multidimensional Definition of Health and Aging." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1200.
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Abstract The present study used the CDC’s 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the Meikirch model’s theoretical definition of health and aging. This biopsychosocial and ecological framework considers the dynamic interplay between an individual’s biology, health behavior and health potential, social surroundings, physical environment, and demands of living on both mental and physical health outcomes. A total sample of 96,568 adults were included with a mean age of 66.05 years (SD = 9.91). Individuals were classified in the following age groups: 43% middle-aged (45-64 years), 33% young-old (65-74 years), and 25% old-old adults (75+ years). The sample was largely female (61%), Non-Hispanic White (86%), and urban (67%). A CFA and WLSMV estimation was used to assess each latent construct. The overall SEM model was found to be a good fit (RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.94, TLI=0.90), explained a significant portion of the variance in the health outcome (65%), and appeared to mimic prior literature on health variable relationships. An important finding within this study suggests the significant relationship between education, personally acquired potential, and health outcome variables. Underscoring health education and health literacy interventions may positively promote a person’s health behavior, resource access, and health outcomes across the lifespan. The Meikirch model can be used as a framework in public health interventions to better understand health adaptation, as well as behavioral risks and systematic hurdles. Overall, the study emphasizes how understanding health is not exclusively an individual hurdle to tackle, but a communal goal.
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Diehl, Katharina, Tatiana Görig, Rüdiger Greinert, Eckhard W. Breitbart, and Sven Schneider. "Trends in Tanning Bed Use, Motivation, and Risk Awareness in Germany: Findings from Four Waves of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring (NCAM)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203913.
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Indoor tanning is an important risk factor for the development of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. With our nationally representative monitoring, we aimed at describing tanning bed use, user characteristics, reasons for use, and risk awareness over time. In the framework of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring (NCAM), we collected representative data on 12,000 individuals aged 14 to 45 years in annual waves of n = 3,000 participants in Germany between 2015 and 2018. We used descriptive statistics and chi²-tests to uncover group differences. To compare data from the different waves, we calculated confidence intervals. The use of tanning beds decreased from 2015 (11.0%, 95%-CI: 9.9%–12.1%) to 2018 (8.8%, 95%-CI: 7.8%–9.8%). However, this decrease did not affect all subgroups. For instance, there was an (non-significant) increase in minors and the prevalence remained stable for individuals with immigrant background and males. Attractiveness was an important reason for tanning bed use in each wave. Over time, there was an increase in medical-related reasons for use. Furthermore, monitoring showed a decrease in risk awareness regarding tanning bed use and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While it is a positive development that the overall use of tanning beds in Germany has decreased over time, the increasing use by minors despite the legal ban is alarming. Due to the declining risk awareness it is necessary to implement prevention and education campaigns specifically targeted at this group.
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Sukhai, Anesh, Rajen Govender, and Ashley van Niekerk. "Fatality risk and issues of inequity among vulnerable road users in South Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): e0261182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261182.
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Background Contextual effects from the physical and social environment contribute to inequitable protection for a large proportion of road users, especially in low- and middle-income countries like South Africa where distorted urban planning and socio-spatial disparities from the apartheid era prevail. Objectives This paper examines the differentiated risk of road traffic crashes and injuries to vulnerable road users in South Africa, including pedestrians, females and users of some modes of public transport, in relation to characteristics of the crashes that proxy a range of contextual influences such as rurality and socio-economic deprivation. Methods The study is based on a descriptive analysis of 33 659 fatal crashes that occurred in South Africa over a three-year period from 2016–2018. Measures of simple proportion, population-based fatality rate, “impact factor” and crash severity are compared between disaggregated groups using Chi-Square analysis, with the Cramer’s V statistic used to assess effect size. Results and significance Key findings show a higher pedestrian risk in relation to public transport vehicles and area-level influences such as the nature of roads or extent of urbanity; higher passenger risk in relation to public transport vehicles and rurality; and higher risk for female road users in relation to public transport vehicles. The findings have implications for prioritising a range of deprivation-related structural effects. In addition, we present a “User-System-Context” conceptual framework that allows for a holistic approach to addressing vulnerability in the transport system. The findings provide an important avenue for addressing the persistently large burden of road traffic crashes and injuries in the country.
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Váchal, Jan, and Jarmila Straková. "Enterprise Architecture within the Process of Permanent Change." SHS Web of Conferences 61 (2019): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196101029.
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Permanent changes that happen within the external surroundings of an enterprise, respectively within the macro-environment, significantly influence its efficiency and behaviour. The framework for these changes is made up by Enterprise Architecture (EA). Impacts of these changes are distinct in both, the internal environment of an enterprise as well as in its mid-environment, being of dynamic nature, and their elimination is a basic assumption of keeping the enterprise's competitiveness. The article focuses on analysing the macro-environment factors' influence on the changes in enterprise EA from the perspective of their sector differentiation. Tests have been carried out both ways – for chosen macro-environment factors, as well as macro-environment areas as a whole. The research survey was carried out on a file of 456 enterprises from the whole of the Czech Republic, out of which the production and industry sectors included 187 enterprises, and the service sector 255 enterprises. Pearson's chi-quadrate test was used as a statistical method. At the same moment, macro-environment factor prediction was tested, respectively the importance attached by top managers to the individual macro-environment factors in the future. Research results have proven a significant sector differentiation from the perspective of macroenvironment factors' impact on EA, while a greater influence of these factors has been indicated mainly in the service sector. It may be assumed that top managers begin to prove a risk symptom caused by a change in the economic cycle.
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Kantipudi, Suvarna Jyothi, Sushma Vishwanathan, Kannan G K, Jayakumar Menon, and Sathianathan N. "A protocol of a cross sectional study to assess depression in antenatal mothers." Indian Journal of Mental Health and Neurosciences 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32746/ijmhns.2019.v2.i1.15.
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Background: Maternal depression is associated with a number of adverse maternal outcomes such as preterm birth, maternal dysfunction, maternal suicide and perinatal outcomes such as low birth weight, lower rates of breastfeeding, increase in diarrheal disease, hospitalisations, poor emotional, social development, lower academic achievements in adolescence and future mental health problems for the children of the mothers. Maternal depression has rightly been identified as a priority mental health condition and large scale community interventions in low and middle income countries (including India) have been shown in RCTs to be effective in not only improving maternal depression but also improve the perinatal outcomes. Given the scale, severity of the problem and strength of evidence available for effective interventions in the Indian context, there is a great opportunity for implementation research in this area. As a first step there is a need to understand the prevalence of the problem and associated risk factors in our context. Aim: Aim of this study to understand the prevalence of maternal depression and associated risk factors among antenatal mothers attending Sri Ramachandra Medical College (SRMC) Obstetrics outpatient department. Methods: A cross-sectional design will be employed for determining the prevalence, while a case control framework will be used for the risk factor analysis. Antenatal mothers will be startified according to the trimester of the pregnancy. Semi-structured socio demographic proforma; Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 Tamil version), Generalised Anxiety Scale (Tamil Version) and Brief COPE (Tamil version) questionnaire will be administered for antenatal mothers who offer informed consent. Those who score above 10 points on the PHQ scale will be interviewed using the MINI diagnostic interview schedule for clarifying diagnosis. Those who are diagnosed with depression will be referred to the SRMC psychiatry department for treatment & follow up. Analysis: Statistical analysis is to be done using computer software, to assess the prevalence of antenatal depression and the associated risk factors. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the sample. Mean, standard deviation and range will be employed to describe continuous variables, while frequency distributions will obtained for categorical variables. The chi square and fisher’s exact tests will be used to assess the significance of associations between categorical variables. Multivariate analysis will be performed using stepwise backward logistic regression models
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Lee, Karla A., Heather Shaw, Véronique Bataille, and Paul Nathan. "Campylobacteriosis following immunosuppression for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related toxicity." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, no. 2 (October 2020): e000577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-000577.
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Five patients receiving checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (CPI) under our care across two cancer centers over a 12-month period have subsequently developed campylobacterosis. All had received immune-suppressive treatment for CPI-related colitis in the weeks or months preceding the detection of Campylobacter infection, with negative stool cultures at presentation of CPI-related colitis. The immune-suppression required to treat CPI-related toxicity may lead to an increased risk of enteric infection within the gut. While the underlying immune and biologic mechanisms are not well understood, perturbation of the gut microbiota is an increasingly recognized factor capable of influencing CPI-mediated immune reconstitution and response to therapy. Clinicians should be aware that worsening of colitic symptoms in patients with a history of treatment for CPI-related colitis may be due to enteric infection, and not simply a relapse/deterioration of a previously treated CPI-related colitis. Judicious infectious disease evaluation is necessary for patients receiving CPIs as symptoms can mimic immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Furthermore, the benefits of immune-suppressive therapy for the treatment of presumptive irAEs must be weighed against the possible increased risk for either enteric infection or opportunistic infection. Prospective studies are required to investigate microbiome perturbations, resulting from immune-suppression, and guide future treatment of this patient cohort.
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Ransenberg, Dan, Philip Hodges, and Andy Hunt. "LDI in a Risk Factor Framework." Journal of Investing 21, no. 2 (May 31, 2012): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/joi.2012.21.2.105.
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Pardee, Timothy S., Lance D. Miller, Kristin Pladna, Scott Isom, Leslie Renee Ellis, Dmitriy Berenzon, Dianna Howard, et al. "TCA Cycle Inhibition By Cpi-613 Increases Sensitivity to Chemotherapy in Older and Poor Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 4062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4062.4062.
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Abstract Background: CPI-613 is a first in class agent that inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and a-ketogluterate dehydrogenase. We have previously shown CPI-613 inhibits mitochondrial respiration, causes phosphorylation of PDH, activation of adenosine monophosphate activated kinase (AMPK) in AML cells and was well tolerated by patients with myeloid malignancies. Methods: We completed a phase I trial of CPI-613 in combination with high dose cytarabine (HiDAC) and mitoxantrone for relapsed or refractory AML patients. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted on a subset of patient samples to explore gene expression profiles associated with response. To explore genetic determinants of response, Cas-9 expressing AML cells were used to knock out p53 and AMPK. Results: In the phase I trial 67 patients were enrolled and 62 were evaluable. One patient died before completion of therapy, three died prior to the day 14 nadir marrow and one patient with accelerated phase CML was enrolled in error. The median age was 60 years (range 21-79). In patients with relapsed disease the median duration of CR1 was 11.2 months. Cytogenetics were poor risk in 27 patients, intermediate in 33, and good in 6. In the 62 evaluable patients the results were as follows. The overall response rate was 50% (26CR+5CRi) with a median survival of 6.7 months. Response was significantly associated with survival with a median survival of 13.2 months in responders compared to 3 months for all others. In patients ≥60 years old the CR/CRi rate was 47% (15/32) with a median survival of 6.9 months. This was not significantly different from patients younger than 60 years old. Surprisingly, the response rate for patients with poor risk cytogenetics was 46% (9CR+2CRi/24) with a median survival of 5.5 months. In a historical cohort, only 19% (3/16) of patients with poor risk cytogenetics responded with a median survival of 2.8 months (Figure 1). The most common toxicities of CPI-613 were diarrhea and nausea. Thirteen patients (21%) went on to allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Several patients had blood samples taken before and after CPI-613 infusion. Three of these patients had increased phosphorylation of PDH consistent with its inhibition. Additionally, two patients demonstrated a robust phosphorylation of AMPK consistent with preclinical studies. The role of AMPK in response was assessed by competition assays using Cas-9 expressing AML cells that have deleted AMPK. Normal cells out-competed AMPK deleted cells when treated with CPI-613 but not when treated with cytarabine, suggesting AMPK is a specific resistance factor against TCA cycle inhibition. To explore if loss of p53 function (common in poor risk cytogenetics) affected response we tested CPI-613 alone or with an anthracycline against an AML cell line with and without p53 knockdown. Suppression of p53 function resulted in significant resistance to anthracyclines but no change in response to CPI-613; the combination enhanced cell kill over either agent alone. To gain insight into the transcriptional programs that distinguish responders from non-responders prior to treatment, we sequenced the transcriptomes of mononuclear cells from 25 baseline patient samples: 19 from bone marrow and 9 from peripheral blood. These samples corresponded to 14 responders and 11 non-responders. Analysis for enrichment of gene ontologies revealed several significant biological categories for the genes overexpressed in responders, while none were identified for the non-responders. The responders showed significant enrichment for gene categories related to immune involvement, particularly genes associated with B lymphocytes. Conclusions: TCA cycle inhibition with CPI-613 is a promising novel approach in the treatment of AML patients, especially in the elderly and those with poor risk cytogenetics. Low levels of AMPK may identify patients with an increased likelihood of response. Finally, the presence of gene expression profiles consistent with immune cells raises the possibility that in addition to direct effects on leukemia cells, TCA cycle inhibition may alter microenvironment immune responses. Figure Kaplan-Meier curves of poor risk cytogenetic patients treated with CPI-613, HiDAC and mitoxantrone (CPI-HAM) compared to a historical cohort of patients treated with HiDAC, mitoxantrone and asparaginase (HAMA). Figure. Kaplan-Meier curves of poor risk cytogenetic patients treated with CPI-613, HiDAC and mitoxantrone (CPI-HAM) compared to a historical cohort of patients treated with HiDAC, mitoxantrone and asparaginase (HAMA). Disclosures Pardee: Cornerstone Pharmaceutical: Consultancy; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Merck: Consultancy. Manuel:Novartis: Speakers Bureau.
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Yi, YuMi, and Yeon-Hwan Park. "Structural equation model of the relationship between functional ability, mental health, and quality of life in older adults living alone." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): e0269003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269003.
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Aims Living alone, a reality in an increasing number of older adults recently, is a risk factor for low quality of life. This study identified the predictors of quality of life in older adults living alone based on mental health and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Methods This secondary data analysis used information from the 2018 Assessing the Requirements of Customized Health Care and Daily Living Support Services survey (N = 1,022), collected from adults aged ≥ 65 living alone in Siheung City, South Korea, from August to October 2018. The exogenous variables were body functions (hand grip strength, timed “up and go” test score, and body mass index), daily living activities (Korean Instrumental Activities of the Daily Living Scale), social activity participation (social activity engagement, neighbor contacts, and family contacts), and participation in economic activity (frequency). The endogenous variables were mental health (Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form—Korean Version and UCLA Loneliness Scale) and quality of life (EuroQoL-5 Dimension-3 Level and EuroQoL-Visual Analog Scale). Results After modifying the hypothetical model, which had failed to satisfy the recommended fitness level, the (modified) model had good fitness indices Q (CMIN / df) 2.90, GFI 1, AGFI 1, RMSEA 0.04, CFI 0.90 and PCFI 0.53. Of the nine pathways of the modified model, five were statistically significant. Quality of life was affected by body functions, daily living activities, social activity participation, and mental health. These variables explained 68.2% of the factors affecting quality of life. Conclusions By highlighting the role of mental health, this model provides a useful framework for improving the quality of life of older adults who live alone and function at various levels in the community. Focusing on advancing mental health through body functions, daily living activities, and social activity participation can improve quality of life.
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Delahunt, Eamonn, and Alexandria Remus. "Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle Sprains and Chronic Ankle Instability." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44-18.
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Lateral ankle sprains (LASs) are a common injury sustained by individuals who participate in recreational physical activities and sports. After an LAS, a large proportion of individuals develop long-term symptoms, which contribute to the development of chronic ankle instability (CAI). Due to the prevalence of LASs and the propensity to develop CAI, collective efforts toward reducing the risk of sustaining these injuries should be a priority of the sports medicine and sports physiotherapy communities. The comprehensive injury-causation model was developed to illustrate the interaction of internal and external risk factors in the occurrence of the inciting injury. The ability to mitigate injury risk is contingent on a comprehensive understanding of risk factors for injury. The objective of this current concepts review is to use the comprehensive injury-causation model as a framework to illustrate the risk factors for LAS and CAI based on the literature.
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Yeung, Ruth M. W., and Wallace M. S. Yee. "Risk measurement framework." British Food Journal 115, no. 8 (August 2, 2013): 1073–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2011-0071.
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PurposeAdapting from the extant literature, this paper aims to present an empirical framework of risk measurement in the context of food safety risk in overseas destinations.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 715 respondents visiting Macau in October 2008 by using intercept method. Principal component analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis were utilised for data analysis.FindingsThe research yielded 12 factors, of which five factors, namely Dread, Framing effect, Controllable, Regulation and Past experience measure risk characteristics; two factors, namely Uncertainty and Consequence measure tourist risk perception, and five factors, namely Travel information, Safety assurance, Destination reputation, Marketing activities and Precaution measure risk reduction, especially related to food safety risk in international destinations.Practical implicationsThe tourist industry should understand more specifically what tourists want to know so as to devise appropriate communication management strategies at the international destination.Originality/valueThe risk measurement framework provides an insight for the development of an instrument to assess the social and economic impact on tourist perception of international travel risk.
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Sagie, Shira, Michal Sarfaty, Meital Levartovsky, Hadas Gantz Sorotsky, Raanan Berger, Ruth Percik, and Moran Gadot. "RCC Real-World Data: Prognostic Factors and Risk Stratification in the Immunotherapy Era." Cancers 14, no. 13 (June 26, 2022): 3127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14133127.
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Immunotherapy has transformed the landscape of treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the last decade. Currently, prognostic risk stratification is based on the model developed in the era of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors (VEGFRi) by Heng in 2009. Our study aims to find the most relevant risk criteria for mRCC patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors (CPI). In a retrospective cohort study, laboratory, pathology, demographic, and clinical data were retrieved from electronic medical records of consecutive mRCC patients treated with CPI in a tertiary center between 2015 and 2020. An unbiased multivariate analysis was performed to define predictive variables with a bootstrap validation step. We analyzed data on 127 patients with a median follow-up of 60 months. The median overall survival (OS) since the diagnosis of metastatic disease was 57 months. The response rate for CPI was 39%. Five risk factors were correlated with worse OS: intact primary kidney tumor (HR 2.33, p = 0.012), liver metastasis (HR 3.33, p = 0.001), <one year to treatment start (HR 1.98, p = 0.029), elevated platelets (HR 3.06, p = 0.015), and Karnofsky performance status <80% (HR = 3.42, p = 0.001). The model received a C-index of 70.7 compared with a score of 62.0 for the Heng’s model. When dividing patients into “low-risk” (0–1 risk factors) and “high-risk” (2–5 risk factors), there was good separation between the groups, with an HR of 5.9 (p < 0.0001). This study presents a new prognostic model for mRCC in the immunotherapy era with improved accuracy. Further research is needed to validate this model in larger cohorts.
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Dorman, Hillary, Rebecca S. Allen, Patricia A. Parmelee, and Lisa C. McGuire. "SUBJECTIVE APPRAISALS OF PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH: EXAMINING AGE DIFFERENCES ACROSS RURAL URBAN COMMUNITIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1179.
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Abstract Using the Meikirch model as a theoretical underpinning, the present study aimed to examine population health disparities by discerning age variations within and across rural urban areas. Secondary data analysis was conducted using the CDC’s 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The study’s outcome variables included physical health and mental health burden (zero days, 1-13 days, 14+ days). A total sample of 96,568 adults were included with a mean age of 66.05 years (SD = 9.91). Individuals were classified in the following age groups: 43% middle-aged (45-64 years), 33% young-old (65-74 years), and 25% old-old adults (75+ years). The sample was largely female (61%), Non-Hispanic White (86%), and urban (67%). A series of chi-square tests of independence – post hoc tests when applicable – were completed. Overall, rural residents reported a higher prevalence of severe physical and mental health symptom burden. Regarding physical health burden, a significant difference was found within urban settings (X2(4) = 50.74, p < .001), where, unexpectedly, young-old adults reported the best physical health. Regarding mental health burden, a significant difference was found for both urban (X2(4) = 1661.72, p < .001)) and rural settings (X2(4) = 820.65, p < .001), with middle-aged adults reporting greater mental illness and the old-old adults reporting greater mental health resiliency. Findings suggest that a multidimensional framework of health usefully informs public health and clinical service interventions, identifying populations and locations in need (i.e., targeting rural physical health across age groups and mental health among the middle-age, regardless of location).
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OTTEN, A. M., R. J. REID-SMITH, A. FAZIL, and J. S. WEESE. "Disease transmission model for community-associated Clostridium difficile infection." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 6 (January 22, 2010): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268809991646.
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SUMMARYParticipating researchers and public health personnel at a Canadian workshop in 2007, noted considerable gaps in current understanding of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection (CA-CDI), specifically infection sources and risk factors. A disease transmission model for CA-CDI was requested as an initial step towards a risk assessment, to analyse infection sources and risk factors, addressing priority research areas. The developed model contains eight infection states (susceptible, gastrointestinal exposure, colonized, diseased, deceased, clinically resolved colonized, relapse diseased, and cleared) and notes directional transfers between the states. Most published research used focused on hospital-associated C. difficile infection (HA-CDI) and further studies are needed to substantiate the use of HA-CDI knowledge in the transmission of CA-CDI. The aim was to provide a consistent framework for researchers, and provide a theoretical basis for future quantitative risk assessment of CA-CDI.
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Thi Lan, Leng, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, Nguyen Dinh Trung, and Nguyen Thi Hang. "Meanings Of Weighted Beta Capm Index And Beta Derminants Of Vietcombank In Vietnam During Pre-Low Inflation Time 2011-2016 In The Concept Of Sustainability." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 08 (August 16, 2021): 497–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/08367.
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The aim of this study is to figure out the meanings of weighted beta index in bank sector and beta determinants of Vietcombank -VCB during pre-low (L) inflation period 2011-2016. In reality Vietcombank has gained many achievements but also there are certain weaknesses. Hung and Liu (2005) tested the volatility of airline betas in the capital asset pricing and three-factor pricing models, as well as exploring the potential factors affecting their values. While Fama and Frech (2004) suggest to add firm size into traditional formula of beta CAPM. The study results tell us that Market risk can increased and This may be caused by the increase in lending rate and decrease in both CPI and G (from our regression OLS). Therefore, governmental agencies need to reduce lending rate and increase GDP growth and not decreasing much CPI.
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Ullah, Sami, Amjad Ali, Mohammad Hanif, Arjun Kumar, Hafiz ud Din, and Roomisa Anis. "Risk Factor Analysis and Prevalence of the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22164557.
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Though non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated strongly with type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the NAFLD analysis in patients with Type-II DM remainders an issue. Aim: This analysis was designed to examine the pervasiveness and NAFLD risk factors in T2DM patients. Study Design: A retrospective, cross-sectional study Place and duration: In the department of Medicine, Mardan Medical Complex and Northwest General Hospital & Research Centre Hayatabad, Peshawar for six-months duration from May 2021 to October 2021. Methods: This study includes 420 patients with DM2 presented and treated for glycaemic control. Targeted patients were selected and separated using strict exclusion criteria. Patients with NAFLD (study group) and patients without NAFLD (control group) were divided into two groups. Then, comparison of thirty-four factors amid the 2 groups were done. In addition, NAFLD risk factors multivariate analysis was executed by means of logistic regression. Lastly, the combined predictive indicator (CPI) as well as the analytical significance of the biochemical predictors for NAFLD were assessed by receiver operational characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results: The general incidence of NAFLD in this study among DM2 patients was 53.6%. 17 patient target factors were recognised using univariate analysis NAFLD analysis, and eight factors turned out to be important forecasters of NAFLD by means of a binary logistic regression model. Moreover, C-peptide and CPI have augmented analytical importance for NAFLD in patients with T2DM. Conclusion: This analysis delivers a thorough analysis of NAFLD risk factors in subjects with DM2. This information can be cast-off to ensure the effective treatment and timely analysis of NAFLD. Keywords: NAFLD, metabolism, routine examination, obesity, screening, type-II diabetes
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Su, Zhenyu, and Paloma Taltavull. "Applying the Fama and French three-factor model to analyze risk/reward in the Spanish REITs: an ARDL approach." Journal of European Real Estate Research 14, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-11-2019-0043.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the risk and excess returns of the Spanish real estate investment trusts (S-REITs) using various methods, though focusing primarily on the Fama-French three-factor (FF3) model, over the period from 2007Q3 to 2017Q2. Design/methodology/approach The autoregressive distributed lag model is used for the empirical analysis to test long-term stable relationships between variables. Findings The findings indicate that the FF3 model is suitable for the S-REITs market, better explaining the S-REITs’ returns variation than the traditional single-index capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the Carhart four-factor model. The empirical evidence is reasonably consistent with the FF3 model; the values for the market, size and value are highly statistically significant over the analysis period, with 68.7% variation in S-REITs’ returns explained by the model. In the long run, the market factor has less explanatory power than the size and value factors; the positive long-term multiplier of the size factor indicates that small S-REIT companies have higher returns, along with higher risk, while the negative multiplier of the value indicator suggests that S-REITs portfolios prefer to allocate growth REITs with low book-to-market ratios. The empirical findings from a modified FF3 model, which additionally incorporates Spain’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, two consumer price index (CPI) macro-factors and three dummy variables, indicates that GDP growth rate and CPI also affect S-REITs’ yields, while investment funds with capital calls have a small influence on S-REITs’ returns. Practical implications The regression results of the standard and extended FF3 model can help researchers understand S-REITs’ risk and return through a general stock pattern. Potential investors are given more information to consider the new Spanish investment vehicle before making a decision. Originality/value The paper uses standard techniques but applies them for the first time to the S-REIT market.
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Al-Sharabi, Ali Kaid, Hussien Shuga-Aldin, Ibrahim Ghandour, and Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi. "Qat Chewing as an Independent Risk Factor for Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/317640.
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This study assessed the effect of qat chewing on periodontal health, independent of other risk factors. Four hundred qat chewers and 100 nonchewers (20–50 years) were included. Demographic data and detailed information about chewing and smoking were obtained. Periodontal status was assessed using Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The qat chewers were older, included more males and smokers, and had worse oral hygiene but higher education levels; the majority were heavy chewers (mean duration of 14.45 years and frequency of 6.10 days/week). Regression analysis identified age, oral hygiene, education level, and cigarette smoking as independent predictors of periodontal destruction. Adjusted for these, qat chewing showed marginally significant association only with CAL (OR = 4.7;P=0.049). The chewing sides showed significantly higher scores than the nonchewing sides; however, equal scores on both sides or lower scores on the chewing sides (possibly no or beneficial effect) were still observed in 50% of the chewers. Heavy qat chewing is shown here as an independent risk factor for attachment loss. However, the possibility that the habit may have beneficial effects in a subset of the chewers cannot be excluded. A holistic model that resolves the existing contradiction is presented.
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Zhu, Cong, Radhe Mohan, Steven H. Lin, Goo Jun, Ashraf Yaseen, Xiaoqian Jiang, Qianxia Wang, Wenhua Cao, and Brian P. Hobbs. "Identifying Individualized Risk Profiles for Radiotherapy-Induced Lymphopenia Among Patients With Esophageal Cancer Using Machine Learning." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 5 (September 2021): 1044–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.21.00098.
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PURPOSE Radiotherapy (RT)-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is commonly associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. Using machine learning techniques, a retrospective study was conducted for patients with esophageal cancer treated with proton and photon therapies to characterize the principal pretreatment clinical and radiation dosimetric risk factors of grade 4 RIL (G4RIL) as well as to establish G4RIL risk profiles. METHODS A single-institution retrospective data of 746 patients with esophageal cancer treated with photons (n = 500) and protons (n = 246) was reviewed. The primary end point of our study was G4RIL. Clustering techniques were applied to identify patient subpopulations with similar pretreatment clinical and radiation dosimetric characteristics. XGBoost was built on a training set (n = 499) to predict G4RIL risks. Predictive performance was assessed on the remaining n = 247 patients. SHapley Additive exPlanations were used to rank the importance of individual predictors. Counterfactual analyses compared patients' risk profiles assuming that they had switched modalities. RESULTS Baseline absolute lymphocyte count and volumes of lung and spleen receiving ≥ 15 and ≥ 5 Gy, respectively, were the most important G4RIL risk determinants. The model achieved sensitivitytesting-set 0.798 and specificitytesting-set 0.667 with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUCtesting-set) of 0.783. The G4RIL risk for an average patient receiving protons increased by 19% had the patient switched to photons. Reductions in G4RIL risk were maximized with proton therapy for patients with older age, lower baseline absolute lymphocyte count, and higher lung and heart dose. CONCLUSION G4RIL risk varies for individual patients with esophageal cancer and is modulated by radiotherapy dosimetric parameters. The framework for machine learning presented can be applied broadly to study risk determinants of other adverse events, providing the basis for adapting treatment strategies for mitigation.
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Coleman, Susanne, E. Andrea Nelson, Justin Keen, Lyn Wilson, Elizabeth McGinnis, Carol Dealey, Nikki Stubbs, et al. "Developing a pressure ulcer risk factor minimum data set and risk assessment framework." Journal of Advanced Nursing 70, no. 10 (May 21, 2014): 2339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jan.12444.
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Sharma, A., S. Parkar, A. Gaur, and B. Bagri. "Impact of incarceration on nutritional status and oral health among male inmates of central jail of Jaipur city, India." Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria 22, no. 3 (October 22, 2020): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18176/resp.00018.
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Aim: Prison is an especially difficult environment for promoting oral health and leads to the exacerbation of unhealthy behaviors. This study set out to assess the impact of incarceration on nutritional status and oral health among the male prison inmates of Central Jail of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Material and method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 181 male inmates. Dental caries and periodontal status were assessed by using modified the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Loss of Attachment (LOA) index as per the WHO methodology 1997. Nutritional status was assessed by Body Mass Index (BMI) and weight (kg)/height (m2). Results: Out of 181 inmates, 141 (77.90%) had normal BMI. The majority (n=128, 70.70%) of inmates were incarcerated for less than 6 years. A significant difference (P<0.05) was found between age and periodontal status. A significant difference was observed (P<0.05) in the CPI score 3 and LOA 0 and 1 score. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in DMFT and period of incarceration. Age was the significant (P<0.001) risk factor for CPI and LOA. Discussion: Dental caries and periodontal health deteriorates with age and period of incarceration. Oral hygiene maintenance along with comprehensive oral care can be accomplished by establishing dental care facilities in prisons.
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Tarcan, Tufan, Han-Pil Choi, and Kazem M. Azadzoi. "Molecular Regulation of Concomitant Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Erectile Dysfunction in Pelvic Ischemia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 15988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415988.
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Aging correlates with greater incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in the male population where the pathophysiological link remains elusive. The incidence of LUTS and ED correlates with the prevalence of vascular risk factors, implying potential role of arterial disorders in concomitant development of the two conditions. Human studies have revealed lower bladder and prostate blood flow in patients with LUTS suggesting that the severity of LUTS and ED correlates with the severity of vascular disorders. A close link between increased prostatic vascular resistance and greater incidence of LUTS and ED has been documented. Experimental models of atherosclerosis-induced chronic pelvic ischemia (CPI) showed increased contractile reactivity of prostatic and bladder tissues, impairment of penile erectile tissue relaxation, and simultaneous development of detrusor overactivity and ED. In the bladder, short-term ischemia caused overactive contractions while prolonged ischemia provoked degenerative responses and led to underactivity. CPI compromised structural integrity of the bladder, prostatic, and penile erectile tissues. Downstream molecular mechanisms appear to involve cellular stress and survival signaling, receptor modifications, upregulation of cytokines, and impairment of the nitric oxide pathway in cavernosal tissue. These observations may suggest pelvic ischemia as an important contributing factor in LUTS-associated ED. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the current evidence on CPI as a possible etiologic mechanism underlying LUTS-associated ED.
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Perchet, Romain, Raul Leote de Carvalho, and Pierre Moulin. "Intertemporal risk parity: a constant volatility framework for factor investing." Journal of Investment Strategies 4, no. 1 (December 2014): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21314/jois.2015.036.
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Saavedra, D., P. Guevara-Salazar, E. Escobar-Arriaga, A. Martinez-Rumayor, D. Rembao, A. Calderon, J. Sotelo, and O. Arrieta. "Angiogenesis and expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors as predictive factors of recurrence in meningiomas: A long-term prospective study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e13013-e13013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e13013.
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e13013 Background: Meningioma is a bening tumor, with a high rate of recurrence after surgery (80%); the most important relapse predictive factor is the extent of surgical resection; other potentially predictive factors have been studied with poor results. Angiogenesis has an important role in growth and spread of neoplasic cells; previous studies have shown a high incidence of cyclin E (CE), estrogen, and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) in meningiomas. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of clinical-pathological factors (CPF), vascular density index (VDI), cell proliferation index (CPI), CE, ER, and PR tissue expression in meningioma recurrence of patients submitted to surgical resection. Methods: From January 1995 to December 2000, we enrolled 42 patients with histopathological diagnosis of meningioma and treated only with surgical resection. Tumor VDI, CPI, CE, ER, and PR tissue expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in patients with or without recurrence. CPF, VDI, CPI, and expression of CE, ER, and PR were associated with recurrence. Results: Complete surgical resection was achieved in 32.5% of patients. Minimal follow-up was 6 years. Recurrence of meningioma was found in 17 patients (40%). Mean time of recurrence was 32 + 8 months. Tissue expression was positive for CE, ER, and PR in 90.9%, 27.6%, and in 64% of patients, respectively. VDI was >8 (40X in 10 fields) in 52.6% of patients and CPI was >600 (40X in 10 fields) in 54.2% of patients. Significant recurrence-associated factors were extent of resection (RR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.7–2.9, p = 0.03) and VDI >8 (RR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.003–2.9, p = 0.001). CPI, CE, ER, and PR expressions were not statistically significant (p = 0.83, p = 0.16, p = 0.46, and p = 0.74, respectively). Conclusions: Patients with partially resected meningioma and high VDI have an increased recurrence risk and could benefit of additional therapeutic measures. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Kabisch, Stefan, Oda Sophia Hedemann, and Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer. "Periodontitis, age-related diseases and diabetes in an endocrinological outpatient setting (PARADIES): a cross-sectional analysis on predictive factors for periodontitis in a German outpatient facility." Acta Diabetologica 59, no. 5 (January 4, 2022): 675–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00592-021-01838-z.
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Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for periodontitis. Data on risk-modifying factors for periodontitis in diabetes patients are limited. Aims We tested whether sex, age, type of diabetes, metabolic state, comorbidities, complications, measures of well-being and quality of life are predicting periodontitis in a German diabetes outpatient cohort. Methods In total, 1180 out of 1293 participating DM patients completed questionnaires on quality of life, dental hygiene and health. All patients also filled out a modified version of the periodontitis risk questionnaire by the American Association for Periodontology, from which the status of “assumed periodontitis” was deducted. In a subset of participants (n = 461), we measured or inquired the most recent Community Parodontal Index (CPI), providing an objective measure for clinically diagnosed periodontitis. For all subjects, DM history and phenotype, major metabolic parameters (HbA1c, BMI, LDL and total cholesterol levels), general health risk factors, comorbidities and medication were collected. Results Clinically diagnosed (CPI > 2) and assumed periodontitis was detected in 60–67% of our patients. Male sex and oral health-related quality of life were associated with clinically diagnosed periodontitis. Male sex, age, smoking, dental hygiene, dental control and diabetes-related quality of life independently predicted assumed periodontitis. Conclusion In DM patients, quality of life and lifestyle factors which systemically alter microvascular and immunological functions seem to predict periodontitis. Further studies are needed for replication and for pathomechanistic clarification.
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Varani, Nicoletta, and Enrico Bernardini. "Africa: Risk, Security and Mapping of Human Rights Violations." Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 104–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gssfj-2018-0006.
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Abstract Planetary interdependence makes the task of states and international organizations to guarantee security inside and outside national borders ever more urgent. The tendency is to widen the space from national to international and to conceive of security as multidimensional for the satisfaction of human needs, assumed as priority needs with respect to those of the States. The old concept of national security must today confront the new concept of human security cultivated within the United Nations, which places the fundamental rights of the individual and of people at the centre of attention and lays the foundations for overcoming the traditional politics of power. The concept of human security emphasises the security of the individual and his protection from political violence, war and arbitrariness. It takes account of the strong correlation between peace policy, human rights policy, migration policy and humanitarian policy. The contribution provides, through a series of social indicators such as the Global Peace Index (GPI), Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and the World International Security and Policy Index (WISPI), a framework on risk, security, human rights violations in the African continent and examines some significant case studies related to sub-Saharan Africa.
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Colomba, Emeline, Cécile Dalban, Aude Flechon, Christine Chevreau, Gwenaelle Gravis, Constance Thibault, Brigitte Laguerre, et al. "Is body mass index (BMI) associated with favorable outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with nivolumab? An ancillary study of the NIVOREN-GETUG AFU-26 trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2020): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.630.
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630 Background: Adipose tissue might affect response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in cancer patients (pts). Higher BMI is associated with improved outcomes in mRCC under VEGFR TKI but BMI impact under CPI remains unclear. Methods: We analysed BMI in the NIVOREN GETUG AFU 26 study, a prospective study that evaluated the safety and efficacy of nivolumab in mRCC after failure of prior VEGFR inhibitors. We investigated the association between BMI, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). BMI (weight/height 2) was classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) categories: underweight as BMI < 18.5; normal weight as 18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9; overweight as 25 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.9 and obesity as BMI ≥ 30. Survival distributions were compared using a Log-Rank test, supported by uni- and multivariate Cox regressions to estimate the Hazard Ratio (HR) and its 95% CIs. Median follow-up (FU) and the 95% CI were calculated using the reverse Kaplan–Meier method. Results: Overall, 708 pts were included in the BMI analysis: 20 pts (2.8%) were underweight, 322(45.5%) had normal weight, 255(36.0%) were overweight and 111(15.7%) obese. Median age was 64 years, 77.3% were male, performance status was ≥ 80% in 81.2%, and IMDC risk group was good, intermediate and poor in respectively 18.2%, 56.4%, 25.4%. Outcomes according to BMI is detailed in table, median FU was 23.9 months (95%CI 23.0-24.5). BMI adjusted to known prognostic factors was not significant in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Higher BMI patients seems to have better outcomes with nivolumab in mRCC. Further characterisation is on-going to explore the relation of BMI with established risk factor in pts under CPI in mRCC.[Table: see text]
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Wiberg, Holly, Peter Yu, Pat Montanaro, Jeff Mather, Suzi Birz, Michelle Schneider, and Dimitris Bertsimas. "Prediction of Neutropenic Events in Chemotherapy Patients: A Machine Learning Approach." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 5 (August 2021): 904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.21.00046.
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PURPOSE Severe and febrile neutropenia present serious hazards to patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. We seek to develop a machine learning–based neutropenia prediction model that can be used to assess risk at the initiation of a chemotherapy cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS We leverage rich electronic medical records (EMRs) data from a large health care system and apply machine learning methods to predict severe and febrile neutropenic events. We outline the data curation process and challenges posed by EMRs data. We explore a range of algorithms with an emphasis on model interpretability and ease of use in a clinical setting. RESULTS Our final proposed model demonstrates an out-of-sample area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.865 (95% CI, 0.830 to 0.891) in the prediction of neutropenic events on the basis of only 20 clinical features. The model validates known risk factors and offers insight into potential novel clinical indicators and treatment characteristics that elevate risk. It relies on factors that are directly extractable from EMRs, provided a tool can be easily integrated into existing workflows. A cost-based analysis provides insight into optimal risk thresholds and offers a framework for tailoring algorithms to individual hospital needs. CONCLUSION A better understanding of neutropenic risk on an individual level enables a more informed approach to patient monitoring and treatment decisions.
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Wang, Wei-hong, Xue-gang Luo, Zhe Wang, Yu Zeng, Feng-qiang Wu, and Zhong-xiang Li. "Heavy Metal and Metalloid Contamination Assessments of Soil around an Abandoned Uranium Tailings Pond and the Contaminations’ Spatial Distribution and Variability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112401.
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To investigate the heavy metal and metalloid contamination of soil around a Huanan uranium tailings pond, abandoned in 1998, we defined a study area of 41.25 km2 by a natural boundary and targeted 5 elements’ (U, Mn, As, Pb, Cr) single contamination and comprehensive pollution as the assessment contents. First, we collected 205 samples and evaluated them with the contamination factor (CF) method aiming at judging whether the single target element concentration exceeded the local background value and environmental quality standard. We obtained CF1 (the background value of a certain target element as the baseline value) and CF2 (the environmental quality standard for soils as the baseline value). Second, we evaluated the ecological risk of the key pollutant U with the risk assessment code (RAC) method, taking the 27 samples whose CF2 > 1 as examples and concluded that the environmental risk of U was relatively high and should arouse concern. Third, we selected comprehensive pollution index (CPI) to assess the compound pollution degree of five target elements. Fourth, we constructed the U contamination and CPI’s continuous distribution maps with spatial interpolation, from which we worked out the sizes and positions of slightly, moderately and strongly polluted zones. Finally, we analyzed the spatial variability of U and CPI with the aid of a geostatistical variogram. We deduced that the spatial variation of uranium was in close relationship with local topography, and probably precipitation was the driving force of U contamination diffusion, whereas CPI exhibited weak spatial dependence with random characteristics. The above work showed that 3.14 km2 soil near the pond was fairly seriously polluted, and the other 4 elements’ single contaminations were less serious, but the 5 target elements’ cumulative pollution could not be ignored; there were other potential pollution sources besides the uranium tailings pond. Some emergency measures should be taken to treat U pollution, and bioremediation is recommended, taking account into U’s high bioavailability. Further, special alerts should be implemented to identify the other pollution sources.
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Zhang, Ying Kui, and Xin Rui Zhang. "Mechanism and Framework of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification: A Cognitive Information Processing Perspective." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 4623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.4623.
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Identifying and selecting right opportunities for new businesses are the most important abilities of a successful entrepreneur. It is an important issue to identify quickly entrepreneurial opportunities and make the right decisions in the dynamic environment. Based on the CIP, this paper thinks that entrepreneurs entrepreneurial opportunity identification process is information processing and analysis in substance which is affected jointly by three factors: information resource, entrepreneurial recognition ability, and personality traits and risk tendency. Then this paper constructs the mechanism and framework of entrepreneurial opportunity identification, this framework is helpful to understand the specific mechanism.
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Watt, Richard G., and Aubrey Sheiham. "Integrating the common risk factor approach into a social determinants framework." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 40, no. 4 (March 20, 2012): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2012.00680.x.
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Xie, Wei, Cheng Li, and Pu Zhang. "A Factor-Based Bayesian Framework for Risk Analysis in Stochastic Simulations." ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation 27, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3154387.
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Efendi, Rydwan, Yustini Alioes, and Eni Rahmi. "HUBUNGAN BERAT BADAN IBU HAMIL PADA TRIMESTER DUA DAN TIGA DENGAN STATUS KESEHATAN JARINGAN PERIODONTAL DI PUSKESMAS ANDALAS PADANG." Andalas Dental Journal 2, no. 2 (October 7, 2021): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/adj.v2i2.116.
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The increasing production of hormone estrogen and progesteron during pregnance known as a risk factors of periodontal disease during pregnance. The other risk factor of periodontal disease during pregnance is obesity, because adipose tissue in obesity person produce pro inflamatory cytokines that influence periodontal status. Both of this risk factors could happen in pregnance woman. During pregnancy, production of hormones estrogen, progesteron and the weight is gained. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between weight during pregnance with periodontal status. This research was an observational analytic with crossectional comparative, with 52 sampels. CPI indeks was used to evaluate the periodontal status meanwhile weight during pregnance was measured by GWS IOM. The resulting data were analyzed by chi-square test. There were significantly differences between pregnance weight at trimester 2nd and 3rd with increasing of the Community Periodontal Indeks.
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Chen, Hongmeng, Zeyu Wang, Jing Liu, Xiaoli Yi, Hanwei Sun, Heqiang Mu, Ming Li, and Yaobing Lu. "Knowledge-Aided Doppler Beam Sharpening Super-Resolution Imaging by Exploiting the Spatial Continuity Information." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 23, 2019): 1920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081920.
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This paper deals with the problem of high cross-range resolution Doppler beam sharpening (DBS) imaging for airborne wide-area surveillance (WAS) radar under short dwell time situations. A knowledge-aided DBS (KA-DBS) imaging algorithm is proposed. In the proposed KA-DBS framework, the DBS imaging model for WAS radar is constructed and the cross-range resolution is analyzed. Since the radar illuminates the imaging scene continuously through the scanning movement of the antenna, there is strong spatial coherence between adjacent pulses. Based on this fact, forward and backward pulse information can be predicted, and the equivalent number of pulses in each coherent processing interval (CPI) will be doubled based on the autoregressive (AR) technique by taking advantage of the spatial continuity property of echoes. Finally, the predicted forward and backward pulses are utilized to merge with the initial pulses, then the newly merged pulses in each CPI are utilized to perform the DBS imaging. Since the number of newly merged pulses in KA-DBS is twice larger than that in the conventional DBS algorithm with the same dwell time, the cross-range resolution in the proposed KA-DBS algorithm can be improved by a factor of two. The imaging performance assessment conducted by resorting to real airborne data set, has verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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Vlasova, I. A., and D. G. Gubin. "Activities of the Medical Commission during the Prophylactic Medical Examination of Athletes." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 6, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2021-6.2.17.
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Background. Preserving the health of the population, including those involved in sports, is one of the priority directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the existing legislative and regulatory framework, a system for monitoring the quality and safety of medical care is being implemented in health care institutions, which also applies to medical and physical training services. One of the levels of functioning of such a system is the activity of the medical commission. Intensive training and competitive loads make increased demands on the body and are considered a risk factor for the health of athletes, which serves as the basis for their in-depth medical examination and dispensary observation. Therefore, the primary task of the medical commission during the prophylactic medical examination of athletes is to issue an expert opinion in difficult cases regarding the training and competitive activity of persons with deviations in the state of health.The objective of the research was to study of the activities of the medical commission during the prophylactic medical examination of athletes in the conditions of a medical and physical service on the basis of a scientific analysis of the results of its work for two years.Materials and methods. We studied the medical documentation of athletes who passed the medical commission for two years (2018–2019; n = 82 and n = 81, respectively). The nature of the decisions made and the structure of their reasons were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test with amendments.Results. The share of positive and negative decisions of the commission, as well as temporary suspension from sports by years, their statistical dependences and the strength of the connection between the results are shown. The stability of the negative conclusions of the commission, as well as the structure of their reasons, was revealed (р ˃ 0.05). At the same time, in the second year of observation, they were more often temporarily suspended from sports due to musculoskeletal system diseases and less often as a result of injuries (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The main regularities of the distribution and formation of expert decisions of the medical commission for the years under study were revealed. The necessity of its activity for the medical and physical training service during the medical examination of athletes is noted, as well as the factors that prevent this are indicated.
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Yang, Qunhui, and Masatoshi Hori. "Characterization of Contractile Machinery of Vascular Smooth Muscles in Hypertension." Life 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11070702.
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Hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and it is a growing public health problem worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction contribute to the development of hypertension. Calcium (Ca2+)-dependent and -independent signaling mechanisms regulate the balance of the myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphatase to induce myosin phosphorylation, which activates VSM contraction to control blood pressure (BP). Here, we discuss the mechanism of the contractile machinery in VSM, especially RhoA/Rho kinase and PKC/CPI-17 of Ca2+ sensitization pathway in hypertension. The two signaling pathways affect BP in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and are highlighted in pulmonary, pregnancy, and salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Jan, Sameer Ul Khaliq, Hamid Alam, and Ayub Khan. "An Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Methamphetamine/ICE use in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Global Sociological Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2021(vi-i).15.
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The present study aims to analyze the causative factors which are responsible for the use of a stimulant drug methamphetamine which is commonly known as ice. For this purpose, data were collected from the two districts, i.e. Peshawar and Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A conceptual framework consists of Independent variable (ice use frequency) and dependent variables (risk factors). Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 180 ice users by a snowball sampling technique. A Chi-square test was applied to examine the association between independent and dependent variables. The results reveal that a significant (p=0.05) association was found between various risk factors, i.e. easy availability, friends insistence, try out new experiences/curiosity, and use of ice for exam preparation with frequent use of ice. The study recommends that awareness may be created through educational, religious institution and media for the prevention and rehabilitation of ice addiction.
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Stroebe, Margaret Susan, Susan Folkman, Robert O. Hansson, and Henk Schut. "The prediction of bereavement outcome: Development of an integrative risk factor framework." Social Science & Medicine 63, no. 9 (November 2006): 2440–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.06.012.
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Van Thich, Nguyen. "Factors affecting the success in business of small and medium enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 2, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v2i4.529.
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This research aims to identify the factors affecting the success of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ho Chi Minh city. It helps to reduce the risk of failure and increase the chances of success for the business. The study examined seven factors affecting the success of SMEs in Ho Chi Minh city. These factors include: technology resources, management skills, products and services, marketing strategies, ways of business and collaboration, financial resources, and the external environment. The theoretical framework has been drawn up and the questionnaire has been designed based on the selected elements. Seven hypotheses have been developed to identify the factors that influence the business success of small and medium enterprises in Ho Chi Minh city. All hypotheses have been successfully tested and accepted with MINITAB software. The results of the regression analysis show that technological resources, management skills, products and services, marketing strategies, ways of business and cooperation, financial resources and external environment exist have significant positive impacts on the success of SMEs in Ho Chi Minh city.
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Chakki, B. Arun Kumar, Prahalad Hunsingi, Anoop Kumar, and Prasanna Manidanappanavar. "Influence of Maternal Periodontal Disease as a Risk Factor for Low Birth Weight Infants in Indian Population." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 5 (2012): 676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1208.
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ABSTRACT Background Low birth weight is a known problem worldwide and appears to be more pronounced in developing countries. In view of the implication of periodontal infection as one of the risk factors for low birth weight and considering the fact that in India only very few studies are conducted in this regard, the present study was conducted to determine whether maternal periodontal disease can act as a risk factor for low birth weight babies. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 62 primiparie mothers including 12 low birth weight cases who satisfied the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 37 years with a mean age of 23.27 years. Birth weight of the babies ranged from 1.64 to 3.75 kg and the mean weight was 2.67 Kg. Mean weight, height and body mass index (BMI) of the mothers were 53.47 Kg, 1.51 m, 23.48 respectively. Results Birth weight of the babies was regressed against age, BMI, plaque index (PI) and community periodontal index (CPI). Periodontitis was significantly associated (p < 0.0005) with a decrease of birth weight. Conclusion Periodontal disease was significantly related to preterm low birth weight. How to cite this article Chakki BAK, Ealla KR, Hunsingi P, Kumar A, Manidanappanavar P. Influence of Maternal Periodontal Disease as a Risk Factor for Low Birth Weight Infants in Indian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):676-680.