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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Lorenz, Ingo-Peter, Rudolf Schneider, Heinrich Nöth, Kurt Polborn, and Joachim Breunig. "Synthesis and Structure of Di- and Triferriostibonium Salts of the Type [Fp2SbPh2]2FeX4 and [Fp3SbR]2FeX4 (Fp = CpFe(CO)2, R = Ph, Cl; X = Cl, Br, I)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 56, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2001-0715.

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The reaction of Ph2SbSiMe3 with CpFe(CO)2X (X = Cl, Br) leads to the formation of the diphenyldiferriostibonium salts [{CpFe(CO)2}2SbPh2]2FeX4, whereas PhSb(SiMe3)2 and CpFe(CO)2Cl react to give the phenyltriferriostibonium salt [{CpFe(CO)2}3Sb]2FeCl4. Sb(SiMe3)3 reacts with CpFe(CO)2X (X = Cl, Br) to yield the halogenotriferriostibonium salts [{CpFe(CO)2}3SbX]2FeX4. The chloro derivative can also be obtained: from SbCl3 with {CpFe(CO)2}2 or Na[CpFe(CO)2], and from SbCl5 and Na[CpFe(CO)2], The compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic (IR, NMR, MS), analytical (C, H) and X-ray diffraction investigations ([{CpFe(CO)2}2SbPh2]2FeBr4, [{CpFe(CO)2}3SbPh]2FeCl4, [{CpFe(CO)2}3SbCl]2FeCl4).
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2

Geicke, Jan, Ingo-Peter Lorenz, Petra Mürschel, and Kurt Polbom. "Dppa als Komplexligand: Metall-Koordination und P-N-Spaltung in Komplexen des Typs [CpM(L)dppa]X (M = Fe, Mn; L = CO, NO) / Dppa as a Ligand: Metal Coordination and P-N Cleavage in Complexes of the Type [CpM(L)dppa]X (M = Fe, Mn; L = CO, NO)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 52, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1997-0509.

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Abstract The reactions of [CpMn(CO)2(NO)]BF4 or CpFe(CO)2Cl with PPh2NHR (R = Ph, PPh2) lead to the salts [CpML(CO)PPh2NHR]X with monodentate aminophosphine ligands. In the case of R = PPh2 (= dppa) the complexes [CpML(dppa)]X with bidentate dppa are also formed. The salt [CpFe(CO)(dppa)]Cl can be deprotonated to give the neutral complex CpFe(CO){(PPh2)2N)} with the diphosphinoamide ligand, which can be N-alkylated by Mel to afford [CpFe(CO){(PPh2)2NMe}]I. The complex [CpMn(NO)(dppa)]BF4 undergoes a P-N cleavage reaction by the solvent methanol to form [CpMn(NO)(PPh2NH2)(PPh2OMe)]BF4. The non-chelated complexes [CpFe(CO)2PPh2NHR]Cl are deprotonated by DBU to give the neutral ferrioiminophosphoranes CpFe(CO)2PPh2 = NR. For R = PPh2 photolysis leads to CO-elimination and to CpFe(CO)(PPh2NPPh2). CpFe(CO)2PPh2NPPh2 can be alkylated by Mel or metallated by CpFe(CO)2Cl to form [CpFe(CO)2PPh2NPPh2Me]I or [CpFe(CO)2PPh2NPPh2(CO)2FeCp]Cl, respectively. Oxidation of CpFe(CO)2PPh2NPPh2 is possible by (SiMe3)2O2, sulfur, or selenium to lead to the neutral complexes CpFe(CO)2PPh2=NPPh2 = E (E = O, S, Se) with a heterodiene system. The IR and NMR spectra of all species as well as the X-ray structures of the complexes [CpFe(CO)dppa]Cl, [CpMn(NO)dppa]BF4 and [CpMn(NO)(PPh2NH2)(PPh2OMe)]BF4 are reported and discussed.
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Pohl, Wolfgang, Ingo-Peter Lorenz, Heinrich Nöth, and Martin Schmidt. "Offene und geschlossene Triferriophosphonium-Salze und Triferriophosphane / Open and Closed Triferriophosphonium Salts and Triferriophosphines." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 1485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-1009.

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The reaction of P(SiMe3)3 with an excess of CpFe(CO)2X (X = Cl, Br) through the action of water gives the triferriophosphonium salt [{CpFe(CO)2}3PH]2FeX4 together with ferrocene as by-product. The cation of the salt can be deprotonated by DBU to afford the unstable triferriophosphine {CpFe(CO)2}3P. Its subsequent realkylation with RX ( R = Me, CH2Ph; X = I, Br) leads to alkyltriferriophosphonium salts [{CpFe(CO)2}3PR]X. Photolysis of [{CpFe(CO)2}3PH]2FeX4 induces the elimination of one CO group, and the CO-bridged and partly closed complex [{μ-CO(CpFeCO)2}{CpFe(CO)2}PH]2FeX4 is formed, the cation of which can also be deprotonated to give the corresponding monobridged phosphine (μ-CO(CpFeCO)2}{CpFe(CO)2}P. Both PH-phosphonium salts undergo a hydrogen-chlorine exchange reaction to give the P-Cl analogues [{CpFe(CO)2}3PCl]2FeX4 and [{μ-CO(CpFeCO)2}{CpFe(CO)2}PCl]2FeX4. The IR and NM R spectra of all species as well as the X-ray structure analyses of the open and closed P-H functional complexes are reported and discussed.
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4

Drakopanagiotakis, Fotios, and Andreas Günther. "Kombinierte Lungenfibrose und Emphysem: Exazerbationen für die Prognose differenzieren." Kompass Pneumologie 8, no. 5 (2020): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511366.

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Rationale: Patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) may develop acute exacerbations of IPF (AE-IPF) or COPD (AE-COPD). The incidence and the characteristics of exacerbations in patients with CPFE (e.g., COPD vs IPF) have not been well described. Objectives: To compare the incidence and rate of exacerbations in patients with CPFE vs. IPF and evaluate their effect on clinical outcomes. Methods: Comprehensive clinical data from CPFE and IPF patients were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline characteristics including lung function data, oxygen requirements, and pulmonary hemodynamics, were collected. Acute exacerbation events in both groups were defined clinically and radiographically. In the CPFE group, two patterns of exacerbations were identified. AE-COPD was defined clinically by symptoms of severe airflow obstruction causing respiratory failure and requiring hospitalization. Radiographic data were also defined based on previously published literature. AE-IPF was defined clinically as an acute hypoxic respiratory failure, requiring hospitalization and treatment with high dose corticosteroids. Radiographically, patients had to have a change in baseline imaging including presence of ground-glass opacities, interlobular septal thickening or new consolidations; that is not fully explained by other etiologies. Results: Eighty-five CPFE patients were retrospectively compared to 112 IPF patients. Of 112 patients with IPF; 45 had AE-IPF preceding lung transplant (40.18%) compared to 12 patients in the CPFE group (14.1%) (p < 0.05). 10 patients in the CPFE group experienced AE-COPD (11.7%). Patients with AE-IPF had higher mortality and more likely required mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared to patients with AE-COPD, whether their underlying disease was IPF or CPFE. Conclusions: CPFE patients may experience either AE-IPF or AE-COPD. Patients with CPFE and AE-COPD had better outcomes, requiring less intensive therapy compared to patients with AE-IPF regardless if underlying CPFE or IPF was present. These data suggest that the type of acute exacerbation, AE-COPD vs AE-IPF, has important implications for the treatment and prognosis of patients with CPFE.
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5

sular, Fatma, G. Karadeniz, G. Polat, H. ahin, Hatice Solmaz, Enver z, Filiz ldaval, and Melih irin. "Different properties between patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." Annals of Medical Research 29, no. 7 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2021.09.565.

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Aim: Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been discussed intensively in recent years as two different entities. We aimed to compare the clinical, functional and respiratory parameters, clinical course and mortality rates of patients with CPFE with IPF. Materials and Methods: 36 patients with a diagnosis of CPFE and 40 IPF who applied between September 2013 and February 2019 were retrospectively included in the study. Demographic data, comorbidities, pulmonary function parameters, life surveys, systolic pulmonary artery pressures(sPAP) detected. Results: In the CPFE patient group, While the ratio of male patients (p=0.02), smoking (p<0.001), number of inflammation (p=0.001) were found to be significantly higher, SF-36 total score (p<0.001) were significantly lower (p=0.02) than the IPF group. While FVC% (p<0.002), FEV1% (p=0.049) and TLC% (p=0.002) were significantly higher in the CPFE group than in the IPF group, TLCO% (p<0.002) and FEV1/FVC (p<0.001) was lower. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was 40% in CPFE and 37% in IPF and no significant difference was found between them (p=0.806). Those who received long-term oxygen therapy(LTOT) were more common in the CPFE group (p=0.04). In CPFE patients; the percentage of those who received bronchodilator, antifibrotic, systemic corticosteroid was respectively 52.7%, 36.1%, 5.6%. Mortality from any cause was 9(25%) in CPFE and 8(20%) in IPF, and there was no significant difference between the two groups(p=0.601). Conclusion:It was observed that lung volumes were preserved and gas exchange of the lung was significantly decreased in patients with CPFE. Compared to IPF, although the quality of life was lower and inflammation was more common in CPFE, the frequency of PH and mortality were similar in both groups. Male gender and smoking history are important risk factors for this group of patients. There is a need for multicenter studies reporting the clinical features, prognosis, and mortality of CPFE.
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6

Chen, Qianqian, Ping Liu, Hong Zhou, Hui Kong, and Weiping Xie. "An increased risk of lung cancer in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema patients with usual interstitial pneumonia compared with patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 15 (January 2021): 175346662110170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17534666211017050.

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Background: Lung cancer is an important complication of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). Whether the risk of lung cancer is higher in CPFE patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) than those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) alone, remains controversial. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of lung cancer in CPFE patients with UIP compared with IPF patients. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies that focused on the incidence of lung cancer in CPFE/UIP and IPF groups. We used a fixed-effects model to analyze the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to data heterogeneity. The cumulative effects based on the publication year and sample size were assessed by cumulative meta-analysis. Results: A total of nine studies with 933 patients, including 374 CPFE patients with UIP, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall, CPFE patients with UIP have a higher risk of lung cancer than those with IPF alone (OR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.78–4.05). There were increased risks of lung cancer in CPFE/UIP patients with the presence of emphysema (OR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.79–4.79) or emphysema in ⩾10% of the lung volume (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.06–4.68). Conclusions: Our systematic review and meta-analysis indicated a significantly higher prevalence of lung cancer in CPFE patients with UIP than in patients with IPF alone. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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7

Sakai, Fumikazu, Junya Tominaga, Akiko Kaga, Yutaka Usui, Minoru Kanazawa, Takashi Ogura, Noriyo Yanagawa, and Tamiko Takemura. "Imaging Diagnosis of Interstitial Pneumonia with Emphysema (Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema)." Pulmonary Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/816541.

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Based on clinical and radiological findings, Cottin defined combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) as pulmonary emphysema in the upper lungs and interstitial pneumonia in the lower lungs with various radiological patterns. Pathologic findings of CPFE probably corresponded with diffuse interstitial pneumonia with pulmonary emphysema, emphysema with fibrosis, and the combination of both. We described reported radiological findings of CPFE.
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8

Choi, Joon Young, Jin Woo Song, and Chin Kook Rhee. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Interstitial Lung Disease." Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 85, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.2021.0141.

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Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) have distinct clinical features, both diseases may coexist in a patient because they share similar risk factors such as smoking, male sex, and old age. Patients with both emphysema in upper lung fields and diffuse ILD are diagnosed with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), which causes substantial clinical deterioration. Patients with CPFE have higher mortality compared with patients who have COPD alone, but results have been inconclusive compared with patients who have idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Poor prognostic factors for CPFE include exacerbation, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. The presence of interstitial lung abnormalities, which may be an early or mild form of ILD, is notable among patients with COPD, and is associated with poor prognosis. Various theories have been proposed regarding the pathophysiology of CPFE. Biomarker analyses have implied that this pathophysiology may be more closely associated with IPF development, rather than COPD or emphysema. Patients with CPFE should be advised to quit smoking and undergo routine lung function tests, and pulmonary rehabilitation may be helpful. Various pharmacologic agents and surgical approaches may be beneficial in patients with CPFE, but further studies are needed.
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9

Bolaki, Maria, and Katerina M. Antoniou. "Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 41, no. 02 (April 2020): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708058.

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AbstractCombined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a clinical entity characterized by the combination of upper lobe emphysema and lower lobe fibrosis, the latter owing to various interstitial lung diseases. These patients have a characteristic lung function profile, with relatively preserved dynamic and static lung volumes, contrasting with a significant reduction of carbon monoxide transfer. The pathogenic mechanisms leading to the coexistence of emphysema with fibrosis remain unclear and different theories have been proposed. CPFE is frequently complicated by pulmonary hypertension, acute exacerbations, and lung cancer leading to poor natural history and prognosis. The syndrome of CPFE represents a distinct pulmonary manifestation in the spectrum of lung diseases associated with connective tissue diseases. Currently, there are no established recommendations regarding the management of patients with CPFE. We provide a review on the existing knowledge of CPFE regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, radiologic appearance, complications, prognosis, and possible treatment options.
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10

Dias, Olívia Meira, Bruno Guedes Baldi, André Nathan Costa, and Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho. "Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: an increasingly recognized condition." Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 40, no. 3 (June 2014): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37132014000300014.

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Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) has been increasingly recognized in the literature. Patients with CPFE are usually heavy smokers or former smokers with concomitant lower lobe fibrosis and upper lobe emphysema on chest HRCT scans. They commonly present with severe breathlessness and low DLCO, despite spirometry showing relatively preserved lung volumes. Moderate to severe pulmonary arterial hypertension is common in such patients, who are also at an increased risk of developing lung cancer. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment for CPFE. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors of CPFE. Given that most of the published data on CPFE are based on retrospective analysis, more studies are needed in order to address the role of emphysema and its subtypes; the progression of fibrosis/emphysema and its correlation with inflammation; treatment options; and prognosis.
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11

Jiang, Chun-guo, Qiang Fu, and Chun-ming Zheng. "Prognosis of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: comparison with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis alone." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 13 (January 2019): 175346661988811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466619888119.

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Background: Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a syndrome characterized by the coexistence of upper lobe emphysema and lower lobe fibrosis. However, whether CPFE has a higher or lower mortality than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) alone is still not clear. In this study we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the survival rate (SR) of CPFE versus IPF alone in clinical trials. Methods: We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for trials published prior to 31 March 2018. Extracts from the literature were analyzed with Review Manager version 5.3. Results: Thirteen eligible trials were included in this analysis (involving 1710 participants). Overall, the pooled results revealed that no statistically significant difference was detected in the 1-year [relative risk (RR) = 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94–1.03, p = 0.47], 3-year (RR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.68–1.01, p = 0.06), and 5-year (RR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.59–1.07, p = 0.14) SRs of CPFE versus IPF alone. Conclusions: CPFE exhibits a very poor prognosis, similar to IPF alone. Additional studies are needed to provide more convincing data to investigate the natural history and outcome of patients with CPFE in comparison to IPF. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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12

Kim, Hyun J., Laurie D. Snyder, Megan L. Neely, Anne S. Hellkamp, David L. Hotchkin, Lake D. Morrison, Shaun Bender, Thomas B. Leonard, and Daniel A. Culver. "Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Combined Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema in the IPF-PRO Registry." Lung 200, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00408-021-00506-x.

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Abstract Purpose To assess the impact of concomitant emphysema on outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods The IPF-PRO Registry is a US registry of patients with IPF. The presence of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) at enrollment was determined by investigators’ review of an HRCT scan. Associations between emphysema and clinical outcomes were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Of 934 patients, 119 (12.7%) had CPFE. Compared with patients with IPF alone, patients with CPFE were older (median 72 vs 70 years); higher proportions were current/former smokers (88.2% vs 63.7%), used oxygen with activity (49.6% vs 31.9%) or at rest (30.8% vs 18.4%), had congestive heart failure (13.6% vs 4.8%) and had prior respiratory hospitalization (25.0% vs 16.7%); they had higher FVC (median 71.8 vs 69.4% predicted) and lower DLco (median 35.3 vs 43.6% predicted). In patients with CPFE and IPF alone, respectively, at 1 year, rates of death or lung transplant were 17.5% (95% CI: 11.7, 25.8) and 11.2% (9.2, 13.6) and rates of hospitalization were 21.6% (14.6, 29.6) and 20.6% (17.9, 23.5). There were no significant associations between emphysema and any outcome after adjustment for baseline variables. No baseline variable predicted outcomes better in IPF alone than in CPFE. Conclusion Approximately 13% of patients in the IPF-PRO Registry had CPFE. Physiologic characteristics and comorbidities of patients with CPFE differed from those of patients with IPF alone, but the presence of emphysema did not drive outcomes after adjustment for baseline covariates. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01915511; registered August 5, 2013.
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13

Westhoff, M., and P. Litterst. "Spiroergometrie bei CPFE." Pneumologie 72, S 01 (February 21, 2018): S6—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1619132.

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14

Weigand, Wolfgang. "Metallkomplexe mit funktionalisierten Schwefelliganden, I / Metal Complexes of Functionalized Sulphur Containing Ligands, I." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 1333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-1010.

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Complexes of the types cis-L2PtCl2 (L = PPh3, 1/2 dppe) and cpRu(PPh3)2Cl react with 1-alkyne-1-thiolates to give the products trans-(Ph3P)2Pt(S–C≡C–Ph)2 (5), dppePt(S–C≡C–Ph)2 (6) and CpRu(PPh3)2(S–C≡C–Ph) (7), respectively. CpRu(PPh3)(CO)(S–C≡C–Ph) (8) is formed by reaction of 7 in an atmosphere of CO. The 2-propene-1-thiolato complexes dppePt(S–CH2–CH = CH2)2 (9), CpFe(CO)2(S–CH2–CH=CH2) (12) and CpFe(PPh3)(CO)(S–CH2–CH=CH2) (13) are obtained from dppePtCl2, CpFe(CO)2I, CpFe(PPh3)(CO)I and lithium or sodium 2-propene-1-thiolate. The complexes are characterized by IR and 1H,13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
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15

El-Taweel, Safaa, Arwa Al-Ahmadi, Omaima Alhaddad, and Rawda Okasha. "Cationic Cyclopentadienyliron Complex as a Novel and Successful Nucleating Agent on the Crystallization Behavior of the Biodegradable PHB Polymer." Molecules 23, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 2703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102703.

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Cationic cyclopentadienyliron (CpFe+) is one of the most fruitful organometallic moieties that has been utilized to mediate the facile synthesis of a massive number of macromolecules. However, the ability of this compound to function as a nucleating agent to improve other macromolecule properties has not been explored. This report scrutinizes the influence of the cationic complex as a novel nucleating agent on the spherulitic morphology, crystal structure, and isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization behavior of the Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) bacterial origin. The incorporation of the CpFe+ into the PHB materials caused a significant increase in its spherulitic numbers with a remarkable reduction in the spherulitic sizes. Unlike other nucleating agents, the SEM imageries exhibited a good dispersion without forming agglomerates of the CpFe+ moieties in the PHB matrix. Moreover, according to the FTIR analysis, the cationic organoiron complex has a strong interaction with the PHB polymeric chains via the coordination with its ester carbonyl. Yet, the XRD results revealed that this incorporation had no significant effect on the PHB crystalline structure. Though the CpFe+ had no effect on the polymer’s crystal structure, it accelerated outstandingly the melt crystallization of the PHB. Meanwhile, the crystallization half-times (t0.5) of the PHB decreased dramatically with the addition of the CpFe+. The isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization processes were successfully described using the Avrami model and a modified Avrami model, as well as a combination of the Avrami and Ozawa methods. Finally, the effective activation energy of the PHB/CpFe+ nanocomposites was much lower than those of their pure counterparts, which supported the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism with the organometallic moieties, indicating that the CpFe+ is a superior nucleating agent for this class of polymer.
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Lou, Ke, Qingyang Zhou, Qi Wang, Xingchao Fan, Xiufang Xu, and Chunming Cui. "CpFe(CO)2 anion-catalyzed highly efficient hydrosilylation of ketones and aldehydes." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 32 (2021): 11016–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt01778k.

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K[CpFe(CO)2] and [NEt4][CpFe(CO)2] enabled highly efficient hydrosilylation of ketones and aldehydes with PhSiH3 to synthesize tris- and bis(alkoxy)silanes in excellent yields depending on the substituents on the carbonyl compounds.
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Edelmann, Frank, Claudia Spang, Herbert W. Roesky, and Peter G. Jones. "Synthese und Struktur des ersten dreigliedrigen Arsen—Phosphor—Platin-Ringes / Synthesis and Structure of the First Three-Membered Ring Containing Arsenic, Phosphorus and Platinum." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 43, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1988-0504.

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2,4,6-Tri-butylphenylphosphane reacts with CpFe(C5H4AsCl2) in the presence of DBU to yield CpFe[C5H4As=PC6H2(t-Bu)3]. The reaction of this arsaphosphene with (Ph3P)2PtC2H4 yields , a three-membered ring containing arsenic, phosphorus and platinum.
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18

Nasim, Faria, and Teng Moua. "Lung cancer in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a large retrospective cohort analysis." ERJ Open Research 6, no. 4 (October 2020): 00521–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00521-2020.

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BackgroundCombined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is characterised by upper lobe emphysema and lower lobe fibrosis. Our study aim was to determine the incident risk, presenting characteristics and outcome of lung cancer diagnoses in a cohort of CPFE patients over time.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study assessing patients with radiological CPFE followed over a median of 76 months (range 1–237 months). Interval development of lung cancer and clinicopathological characteristics of those with and without lung cancer were compared and survival analysis performed.ResultsLung cancer occurred in 26 (11.6%) out of 230 CPFE patients, dominated by nonsmall cell lung cancer (88%, n=23) with squamous cell carcinoma comprising the majority (57%, n=13). There was a predominance of lower lobe (62%) and subpleural (64%) radiological presentation. Survival was reduced for the whole cohort by lung cancer even after adjusting for a priori covariables of age, sex, smoking pack-years, presenting forced vital capacity and radiological honeycombing. Univariable predictors of increased mortality after lung cancer diagnosis included honeycombing (hazard ratio (HR) 3.03, 95% CI 1.16–7.91; p=0.02) and later stage presentation (HR 4.77, 95% CI 1.8–14.94; p=0.001), with those able to undergo surgical resection having better survival (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.87; p=0.02).ConclusionLung cancer occurred in 26 (11.6%) out of 230 CPFE patients and was dominated by squamous cell carcinoma presenting in a lower lobe peripheral distribution. Surgical resection appeared to improve survival in selected patients with earlier stage disease. Further studies are needed to develop a relevant screening programme for CPFE patients.
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Kumar, Pranav, and Michelle Hood. "CPFE Syndrome: A Case Report." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical invention 6, no. 09 (September 11, 2019): 4600–4603. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v6i9.06.

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Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome (CPFE syndrome) is the co-existence of emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis in individuals. The syndrome was first described by Cottin et al., in 2005 and is characterised by upper lobe emphysema and lower lobe interstitial fibrosis. Patients with CPFE show severe dyspnoea and hypoxemia with exercise. Lung function tests (LFT) reveal a mixed pattern with relatively preserved lung volumes and severely low diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). CPFE is prevalent in heavy male smokers and have a high probability of developing pulmonary hypertension, acute lung injury and lung cancer
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Setoyama, Daigo, Yujiro Hayashi, and Noritoshi Iwata. "Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Analysis Based on Crystal Orientation Mapping with Three-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy." Materials Science Forum 777 (February 2014): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.777.142.

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In other study we examined the plastic behavior for polycrystalline iron by three-dimensional x-ray diffraction (3DXRD) experiment. In this study we analyze the behavior by crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) analysis, to confirm the validity of application to the deformation analysis of engineering steels of a couple of constitutive models. In the CPFE analysis, the observed microstructure and its crystal orientation are modeled with finite elements to take the inter-granular and intra-granular interactions into consideration. The plastic deformation state of the finite element model was computed by means of CPFE analysis based on the {110}<111> slip system in body centered cubic (BCC) crystal. The experiment showed that the most of the grains rotated toward the preferred orientation <110> along the tensile axis and that intra-granular orientation spread and multi-directionally rotated as the tensile strain increased. These results are reproduced by the CPFE analysis, in which the influence of interaction between neighboring grains is taken into consideration.
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Böhm, Dieter, Frank Heinemann, Dongqi Hu, Susanne Kummer, and Ulrich Zenneck. "A Specific π-Ligand Transfer Reaction via Triple-Decker Sandwich Complex Intermediates." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 62, no. 2 (1997): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19970309.

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Photochemically generated cationic cyclopentadienyl iron fragments [FeCp]+ allow a specific stacking reaction of [(t-Bu3C3P2)Fe(t-Bu2C2P3)]. This results in the transient formation of an unstable cationic Fe-Fe triple-decker sandwich complex which decomposes by deliberating the neutral sandwich complex [CpFe(t-Bu2C2P3)], and is stacked again by a second [FeCp]+-unit, yielding the moderately stable cationic triple-decker sandwich complex [CpFe(t-Bu2C2P3)FeCp]+ with a central mi-eta5:eta5-triphospholyl ligand. Air exposure or storage of solutions at room temperature leads to a destacking and the neutral triphosphaferrocene derivative [CpFe(t-Bu2C2P3)] is formed again almost quantitatively in respect to the pentaphospha-ferrocene educt.
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Amariei, Diana E., Neal Dodia, Janaki Deepak, Stella E. Hines, Jeffrey R. Galvin, Sergei P. Atamas, and Nevins W. Todd. "Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: Pulmonary Function Testing and a Pathophysiology Perspective." Medicina 55, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090580.

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Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) has been increasingly recognized over the past 10–15 years as a clinical entity characterized by rather severe imaging and gas exchange abnormalities, but often only mild impairment in spirometric and lung volume indices. In this review, we explore the gas exchange and mechanical pathophysiologic abnormalities of pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, and combined emphysema and fibrosis with the goal of understanding how individual pathophysiologic observations in emphysema and fibrosis alone may impact clinical observations on pulmonary function testing (PFT) patterns in patients with CPFE. Lung elastance and lung compliance in patients with CPFE are likely intermediate between those of patients with emphysema and fibrosis alone, suggesting a counter-balancing effect of each individual process. The outcome of combined emphysema and fibrosis results in higher lung volumes overall on PFTs compared to patients with pulmonary fibrosis alone, and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio in CPFE patients is generally preserved despite the presence of emphysema on chest computed tomography (CT) imaging. Conversely, there appears to be an additive deleterious effect on gas exchange properties of the lungs, reflecting a loss of normally functioning alveolar capillary units and effective surface area available for gas exchange, and manifested by a uniformly observed severe reduction in the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Despite normal or only mildly impaired spirometric and lung volume indices, patients with CPFE are often severely functionally impaired with an overall rather poor prognosis. As chest CT imaging continues to be a frequent imaging modality in patients with cardiopulmonary disease, we expect that patients with a combination of pulmonary emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis will continue to be observed. Understanding the pathophysiology of this combined process and the abnormalities that manifest on PFT testing will likely be helpful to clinicians involved with the care of patients with CPFE.
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Klasen, Christian, Guido Effinger, Siegbert Schmid, and Ingo-Peter Lorenz. "Offene und geschlossene P-funktionalisierte Diferriophosphonium-Salze des Typs [ { CpFe(CO)2}2P(Ph)R]+ X⁻ bzw. [ {μ-CO(CpFeCO)2} P(Ph)R]+ X⁻ / Open and Closed P-Functionalized Diferriophosphonium Salts of the Type [{CpFe(CO)2}2P(Ph)R]+ X⁻ and [{ μ-CO(CpFeCO)2}P(Ph)R]+ X⁻." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 48, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1993-0602.

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The reaction of Ph(R)PSiMe3 with an excess of CpFe(CO)2Cl results in the elimination of Me3SiCl to give the open diferriophosphonium halides [{CpFe(CO)2}2P(Ph)R]Cl (R = H, Ph, CH2SiMe3, Me) (1 a—d). The deprotonation reaction of 1 a with KOBut at —78°C results in the formation of the unstable diferriophosphane {CpFe(CO)2}2PPh (3), which reacts with alkylating reagents RX (R = Me, CH2Ph, CH2COOEt; X = Cl, I) to give the P-functionalized diferriophosphonium halides [{CpFe(CO)2}2P(Ph)R]X (1 d’—f). The light-sensitive compounds 1b—f are found to eliminate readily a CO ligand upon photolysis to give the corresponding closed P-functionalized diferriophosphonium salts [{µ-CO(CpFeCO)2}P(Ph)R]X (2b—f) with a bridging CO ligand and a Fe— Fe bond. The mass, IR and NMR spectra of 1, 2 and the results of a crystal structure determination of [{μ-CO(CpFeCO)2}PPh2]BPh4 (2b’) are reported and discussed.
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Decken, Andreas, Melanie A. Neil, C. Adam Dyker, and Frank Bottomley. "Iron complexes of the dibenzophospholyl ligand: a synthetic and crystallographic study." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-193.

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Iron complexes bearing the dibenzophospholyl (DBP) ligand have been prepared. Reaction of DBP-Li with CpFe(CO)2Br gave [(µ2-DBP)Fe2Cp2(CO)4]Br and reaction of DBP-Li with CpFe(CO)2I gave [(µ2-DBP)Fe2Cp2(CO)4]I. Reaction of bis(1,1'-dibenzophospholyl) and [CpFe(CO)2]2 yielded a mixture of cis- and trans-(µ2-DBP)2Fe2Cp2(CO)2. The mixture was also obtained on heating of [(µ2-DBP)Fe2Cp2(CO)4]X (X = Br, I). The ligands are sigma-bonded through the phosphorus atom in all complexes. The compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR and IR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry, micro analysis, and X-ray diffraction.Key words: dibenzophospholyl, iron, heterocycle.
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Ariani, Alarico, Mario Silva, Elena Bravi, Simone Parisi, Marta Saracco, Fabio De Gennaro, Cristian Caimmi, et al. "Overall mortality in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema related to systemic sclerosis." RMD Open 5, no. 1 (February 2019): e000820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000820.

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ObjectivesThis multicentre study aimed to investigate the overall mortality of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to compare CPFE-SSc characteristics with those of other SSc subtypes (with interstitial lung disease—ILD, emphysema or neither).MethodsChest CTs, anamnestic data, immunological profile and pulmonary function tests of patients with SSc were retrospectively collected. Each chest CT underwent a semiquantitative assessment blindly performed by three radiologists. Patients were clustered in four groups: SSc-CPFE, SSc-ILD, SSc-emphysema and other-SSc (without ILD nor emphysema). The overall mortality of these groups was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the stratified log-rank test; Kruskal-Wallis test, t-Student test and χ² test assessed the differences between groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsWe enrolled 470 patients (1959 patient-year); 15.5 % (73/470) died during the follow-up. Compared with the SSc-ILD and other-SSc, in SSc-CPFE there was a higher prevalence of males, lower anticentromere antibodies prevalence and a more reduced pulmonary function (p<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrates a significantly worse survival in patients with SSc-CPFE (HR vs SSc-ILD, vs SSc-emphysema and vs other-SSc, respectively 1.6 (CI 0.5 to 5.2), 1.6 (CI 0.7 to 3.8) and 2.8 (CI 1.2 to 6.6).ConclusionsCPFE increases the mortality risk in SSc along with a highly impaired lung function. These findings strengthen the importance to take into account emphysema in patients with SSc with ILD.
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Angelici, Robert J., and Jan W. Dunker. "Mono- and dinuclear thiocarbonyl complexes of iron, including [CpFe(CO)(CS)]2, CpFe(CO)(CS)I, and CpFe(CS)2I." Inorganic Chemistry 24, no. 14 (July 1985): 2209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00208a020.

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Chin, Re-I., John J. Monda, Maulik Sheth, William Ogle, Gloria Merenda, and Debapriya De. "Papillary Fibroelastoma as a Cause of Cardiogenic Embolic Stroke in aβ-Thalassemia Patient: Case Report and Literature Review." Case Reports in Cardiology 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8185601.

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We describe a case of a young male without stroke risk factors who presented with a sudden onset of left-sided weakness, left hand numbness, and left eye blurriness. CT scan of the head without contrast and diffusion-weighted MRI of the brain with contrast revealed an ischemic stroke in the right middle cerebral artery distribution. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed a mobile pedunculated mass on the posterior surface of the mitral valve. This mass was resected and pathology showed a cardiac papillary fibroelastoma (CPFE), which was determined to be the cause of the patient’s cardioembolic stroke. Further workup also found that patient had microcytic anemia secondary toβ-thalassemia intermedia, a rare hematologic disorder due to defective hemoglobin synthesis. Recently, another case report suggestedβ-thalassemia major may underlie the pathogenesis of CPFE.β-Thalassemia major causes a state of chronic inflammation and endothelial damage, which can mediate CPFE formation. Based on literature review, this is the first case report of a CPFE in a patient withβ-thalassemia intermedia. This hypothesis-generating case report calls attention to the need for elucidating the relationship between CPFE andβ-thalassemia in future studies to better understand the diagnosis and management of a rare cardiac tumor.
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Khanam, Rawshan Arra. "Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE)." Bangladesh Critical Care Journal 5, no. 2 (October 22, 2017): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v5i2.34391.

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Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is rare but increasingly recognized condition characterized by simultaneous coexistence of both upper lobe predominant emphysema and diffuse pulmonary fibrosis mainly in lower lobe. Patients with CPFE are usually heavy smokers or former smokers. HRCT has a pivotal role in diagnosis. Pulmonary function test showed relatively preserved lung volumes and reduced diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is largely attributed to morbidity in patients with CPFE which is the principal prognostic factor for this condition. However more studies are needed to establish natural history of the disease & treatment option. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge of the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, treatment options and prognostic factors of CPFE.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2017; 5(2): 122-125
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Torubaev, Yury, Ivan Skabitskiy, Sergey Shapovalov, Olga Tikhonova, and Anna Popova. "Halogen Bonding and CO-Ligand Blue-Shift in Hybrid Organic—Organometallic Cocrystals [CpFe(CO)2X] (C2I4) (X = Cl, Br)." Crystals 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030412.

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This work is focused on the complex interplay of geometry of I⋯X halogen bonds (HaB) and intermolecular interaction energy in two isomorphic cocrystals [CpFe(CO)2X] (C2I4) (X = Cl (1), Br (2)). Their IR-spectroscopic measurements in solid state and solution demonstrate the blue-shift of CO vibration bands, resulting from I⋯X HaB. The reluctance of their iodide congener [CpFe(CO)2I] to form the expected cocrystal [CpFe(CO)2I] (C2I4) is discussed in terms of different molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of the surface of iodide ligands, as compared with chloride and bromide, which dictate a different angular geometry of HaB around the metal-I and metal-Br/Cl HaB acceptors. This study also suggests C2I4 as a reliable HaB donor coformer for metal-halide HaB acceptors in the crystal engineering of hybrid metal–organic systems.
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Brunner, Henri, and Rudolf Eder. "Optisch aktive Übergangsmetall-Komplexe, 97 [1] C5H5Fe(CO)(COMe)-Derivate von Glyphos und Diop / Optically Active Transition Metal Complexes, 97 [1] C5H5Fe(CO)(COMe) Derivatives of Glyphos and Diop." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-0502.

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The reaction of CpFe(CO)2Me with (+)-Glyphos and (–)-Diop yields the monosubstitution products 1 and 2, which consist of pairs of diastereomers, differing only in the Fe configuration. With (–)-Diop, additionally dinuclear complexes are formed in which Diop acts as a bridging ligand. The diastereomers can be separated by column chromatography. At higher temperatures the complexes epimerize in solution with respect to the Fe configuration. The formation of free phosphine and CpFe(CO)2Me indicates a dissociative mechanism.
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31

Malli, Foteini, Despoina Papakosta, Katerina Antoniou, Maria Dimadi, Vlassis Polychronopoulos, Katerina Malagari, Anastasia Oikonomou, Demosthenes E. Bouros, and Zoe Daniil. "Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema characteristics in a Greek cohort." ERJ Open Research 5, no. 1 (February 2019): 00014–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00014-2018.

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BackgroundCombined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) has recently received great attention, with studies suggesting that it presents a distinct clinical entity while others have challenged this hypothesis. This nationwide study aimed to describe a large cohort of Greek CPFE patients and to examine potential prognostic factors for survival.MethodsThis retrospective study included 97 patients with CPFE. Demographic and clinical data, pulmonary function tests, echocardiography results and bronchoalveolar lavage analysis were recorded.ResultsMost patients were male (94.8%) and 92% were current or ex-smokers. Spirometry results were abnormal (forced vital capacity (FVC) 72.9±19.9% pred and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/FVC 82.9±9.7%) with reduced diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (42.3±17.4% pred). Mean systolic pulmonary arterial pressure was 41.9±19.7 mmHg and pulmonary hypertension was present in 58.8% of patients. Mean 6-min walk distance was 335.4±159.4 m. Mean emphysema score was 14.23±8.69% and mean interstitial lung disease (ILD) extent was 39.58±19.82%. Mean survival was 84 months (95% CI 72–96 months). Patients with DLCO ≥39% pred had better survival than patients with DLCO <39% pred (p=0.031). Patients with ILD extent ≥30% had worse survival than patients with ILD extent <30% (p=0.037).ConclusionsOur results indicate that CPFE patients have preserved lung volumes associated with disproportionately reduced DLCO, while reduced DLCO and increased ILD extent was associated with worse prognosis.
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El-khateeb, Mohammad, and Tara Obidate. "The first selenosulfonate complexes CpFe(CO)2SeSO2R: preparation and structure of CpFe(CO)2SeSO2C6H5." Polyhedron 20, no. 18 (August 2001): 2393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(01)00831-2.

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33

Sutherland, Ronald G., Chun-Hao Zhang, Adam Piórko, and Choi Chuck Lee. "Nucleophilic addition and substitution reactions between the cyanide ion and cyclopentadienyliron complexes of chlorobenzenes. Syntheses of benzonitriles and phthalonitriles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-023.

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Reaction of cyclopentadienyliron (CpFe) complexes of chlorobenzenes with NaCN in DMF could give rise to products resulting from the addition of the cyanide ion or from substitution and addition reactions with the cyanide ion. Demetallation–oxidation of such products by treatment with DDQ would lead to the synthesis of benzonitriles and phthalonitriles. With the CpFe complex of chlorobenzene, reaction with NaCN in DMF for 3 min, 30 min, or 3 h gave rise to an approximately 90:10 mixture of (1–5-η5-1-chloro-exo-6-cyanocyclohexadienyl)(η5-cyclopentadienyl)iron (9) and (1–5-η5-1,exo-6-dicyanocyclohexa-dienyl)(η5-cyclopentadienyl)iron (10), a 40:60 mixture of 9 and 10 or pure 10, respectively. When the 3-h reaction was worked up in the presence of an added aqueous solution of NH4PF6, only the substitution product, the (η6-benzonitrile)(η5-cyclopentadienyl)iron cation (11), was obtained as its hexafluorophosphate. Apparently, under the acidic conditions of the added aqueous NH4PF6, 10 could readily revert to 11 which then gave rise to its hexafluorophosphate. DDQ treatment of the 3-min or 3-h reaction product gave, respectively, o-chlorobenzonitrile or phthalonitrile. Similarly reaction of CpFe complexes of o-substituted chlorobenzenes could give rise to CpFe-complexed cyclohexadienyl systems with two cyano groups at the 1- and 6-positions and the original o-substituent at the 2-position. DDQ treatment of such products would lead to the formation of 3-substituted phthalonitriles, and in the present work, 3-methyl, 3-methoxy-, and 3-phenoxyphthalonitriles were prepared in this way. In another set of reactions, depending on the experimental conditions employed, the CpFe complex of 2,6-dichlorotoluene (20) could give products from cyanide addition only, the DDQ treatment of which led to the formation of 2,4-dichloro-3-methylbenzonitrile, or products from substitution and addition and subsequent DDQ treatment of which gave rise to 4-chloro-3-methylphthalonitrile. Keywords: η6-chlorobenzene- η5-cyclopentadienyliron cation, complexed chlorobenzenes, nucleophilic addition of cyanide ion, nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ion, synthesis of benzonitriles and phthalonitriles.
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Poh, H. T., P. C. Ho, and W. Y. Fan. "Cyclopentadienyl iron dicarbonyl (CpFe(CO)2) derivatives as apoptosis-inducing agents." RSC Advances 6, no. 23 (2016): 18814–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23891a.

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Hartwig, John F., and Susan Huber. "Transition metal boryl complexes: structure and reactivity of CpFe(CO)2Bcat and CpFe(CO)2BPh2." Journal of the American Chemical Society 115, no. 11 (June 1993): 4908–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00064a069.

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36

Hey-Hawkins, Evamarie, and Hans Georg von Schnering. "Crystal Structure of K[CpFe(CO)2]: Helical Chains with Strong Cation-Anion Interactions between the Helices." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-0510.

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The reaction of KSi with [CpFe(CO)2]2 in DME (1,2-dimethoxyethane) yields deep red crystalline K[CpFe(CO)2] (1). 1 crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P21/a (No. 14) with a = 10.953(4), b = 10.159(3), c = 7.347(2) Å, β = 107.89(2)°, Ζ = 4, R = 0.028, Rw = 0.030. Crystals of 1 consist of polymeric chains, formed by strong K-O interactions [d(K-O) 2.915(2), 2.773(2) A], while van-der-Waals interaction between neighboring helices leads to formation of a three-dimensional network with short distances d(K-C) [3.173(3) to 3.292(3) A].
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37

Costa, Camila M., J. Alberto Neder, Carlos G. Verrastro, Marcelle Paula-Ribeiro, Roberta Ramos, Eloara M. Ferreira, Luiz E. Nery, Denis E. O'Donnell, Carlos A. C. Pereira, and Jaquelina Ota-Arakaki. "Uncovering the mechanisms of exertional dyspnoea in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema." European Respiratory Journal 55, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 1901319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01319-2019.

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The prevailing view is that exertional dyspnoea in patients with combined idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and emphysema (CPFE) can be largely explained by severe hypoxaemia. However, there is little evidence to support these assumptions.We prospectively contrasted the sensory and physiological responses to exercise in 42 CPFE and 16 IPF patients matched by the severity of exertional hypoxaemia. Emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis were quantified using computed tomography. Inspiratory constraints were assessed in a constant work rate test: capillary blood gases were obtained in a subset of patients.CPFE patients had lower exercise capacity despite less extensive fibrosis compared to IPF (p=0.004 and 0.02, respectively). Exertional dyspnoea was the key limiting symptom in 24 CPFE patients who showed significantly lower transfer factor, arterial carbon dioxide tension and ventilatory efficiency (higher minute ventilation (V′E)/carbon dioxide output (V′CO2) ratio) compared to those with less dyspnoea. However, there were no between-group differences in the likelihood of pulmonary hypertension by echocardiography (p=0.44). High dead space/tidal volume ratio, low capillary carbon dioxide tension emphysema severity (including admixed emphysema) and traction bronchiectasis were related to a high V′E/V′CO2 ratio in the more dyspnoeic group. V′E/V′CO2 nadir >50 (OR 9.43, 95% CI 5.28–13.6; p=0.0001) and total emphysema extent >15% (2.25, 1.28–3.54; p=0.01) predicted a high dyspnoea burden associated with severely reduced exercise capacity in CPFEContrary to current understanding, hypoxaemia per se is not the main determinant of exertional dyspnoea in CPFE. Poor ventilatory efficiency due to increased “wasted” ventilation in emphysematous areas and hyperventilation holds a key mechanistic role that deserves therapeutic attention.
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Wang, Yuan Yuan, Xin Sun, Yan Dong Wang, Xiao Hua Hu, and Hussein M. Zbib. "Modeling of TWIP Steel Tensile Behavior with Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.162.

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We developed a plane-strain crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) numerical model to predict the tensile behavior of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel with both slip and mechanical twinning as the main deformation modes. Our CPFE model may not only predict well the tensile stress versus strain (S-S) curve but also capture the variation in the volume fraction of twins with a reasonable accuracy. The nucleation of mechanical twin is obviously controlled by the stress concentration. At the same time, the growth of twin may either lead to a stress relaxation in the matrix or cause a local stress concentration around twin, which depends on the deformation condition.
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Diaz V, C., and C. Leal. "New complexes [CpFe(DPPE)Thiophenes]PF6." Polyhedron 15, no. 17 (June 1996): 2825–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387(95)00571-4.

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Chiba, Shigeki, Hiromitsu Ohta, Kyoko Abe, Shu Hisata, Shinya Ohkouchi, Yasushi Hoshikawa, Takashi Kondo, and Masahito Ebina. "The Diagnostic Value of the Interstitial Biomarkers KL-6 and SP-D for the Degree of Fibrosis in Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema." Pulmonary Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/492960.

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The combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) was reported first in 1990, but it has been comparatively underestimated until recently. Although the diagnostic findings of both emphysematous and fibrotic regions are detectable by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest, the degree of progressive fibrosis, which increases with emphysematous lesions, is difficult to evaluate. In this study, we hypothesized that the biomarkers for pulmonary fibrosis, surfactant protein D (SP-D), and KL-6 would serve as good indicators of fibrotic lesions in CPFE. We recruited 46 patients who had been diagnosed in our hospital with both emphysema and fibrosis by their CT scan image from April 2003 to March 2008. The correlation among their pulmonary function tests, composite physiologic index (CPI), and the serum levels of SP-D and KL-6 was evaluated. We found a correlation between KL-6 and %VC, %TLC, or CPI and between SP-D and %VC or CPI. Interestingly, the combined product of KL-6 and SP-D (KL-6xSP-D) was found to highly correlate with %VC and %TLC or CPI. These results show that both KL-6 and SP-D, and especially the product of SP-D and KL-6, are good indicators of the presence of fibrotic lesions in the lungs of CPFE patients.
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Klasen, Christian, Ingo-Peter Lorenz, Siegbert Schmid, and Georg Beuter. "Synthese, struktur und reaktivität der ferriophosphonium-salze [CpFe(CO)(L)(PPh2CH2R′)]BF4 (L  CO, CH3CN, Pn Bu3; R′ Ph, CN, COOEt, PPh2, SiMe3); Kristallstrukturen von [CpFe(CO)2PPh2CH2SiMe3]BF4 und [CpFe(PPh2CH2Ph)CpFe(CO)](η-CO)2." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 428, no. 3 (May 1992): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(92)83099-4.

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42

Torubaev, Yu V., A. A. Pasynskii, and I. V. Skabitskii. "Phenyltellurium halide complexes of iron cyclopentadienyl dicarbonyl: Synthesis and molecular structures of CpFe(CO)2TePh, CpFe(CO)2TeBr2Ph, CpFe(CO)2TeBrPh(μ-Br)Br3TePh, and PhTeI3(C4H8O)." Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry 35, no. 5 (May 2009): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070328409050054.

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Lorenz, Ingo-Peter, Wolfgang Pohl, Heinrich Nöth, and Martin Schmidt. "P-Funktionalisierte diferriophosphonium salze des typs [{CpFe(CO)2}2PPhR]+X- und [{CpFe(CO)2 }2PClR]+X-." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 475, no. 1-2 (July 1994): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(94)84024-5.

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El-khateeb, Mohammad, Helmar Görls, and Wolfgang Weigand. "O-Alkylthio- and O-alkylselenooxalate iron complexes: Structures of CpFe(CO)2ECOCO2Me and [CpFe(CO)2ECO]2." Inorganica Chimica Acta 360, no. 2 (February 2007): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2006.08.002.

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Schenk, Wolfdieter A., Ute Karl, Michael R. Horn, and Stefan Müssig. "Schwefelmonoxid als Ligand in kationischen Halbsandwich-Komplexen des Eisens und Rutheniums [1] / Sulfur Monoxide as Ligand in Cationic Halfsandwich Type Complexes of Iron and Ruthenium [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-0218.

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Cationic halfsandwich type iron sulfur monoxide complexes [cpFe(L—L)(SO)]+ (L— L = dppe, cdpe) and [cp*Fe(PMe3)2(SO)]+ are obtained by transition metal-induced SO transfer from thiirane-1-oxide. With the sterically unhindered fragment [cpFe(dmpe)]+ a binuclear SO-bridged dication is formed instead. Reaction of [cpRu(PR3)2Cl] (R = Me, Ph) and [cpRu(dppe)Cl] with thiirane-1-oxide gives mixtures of the known cations [cpRuL2(SO2)]+ and [(cpRuL2)2(μ-S2)]2+, probably via the expected mononuclear SO complexes which disproportionate at low temperature. The more electron-rich cation [cp*Ru(PMe3)2(SO)]+, however, is stable. Reactions with pyridine, PMe3, and 3-chloroperbenzoic acid demonstrate that the coordinated SO can be attacked by nucleophiles as well as electrophiles.
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46

Niemeyer, J., M. J. Kelly, I. M. Riddlestone, D. Vidovic, and S. Aldridge. "Iminoborylene complexes: evaluation of synthetic routes towards BN-allenylidenes and unexpected reactivity towards carbodiimides." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 25 (2015): 11294–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt00131e.

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The iminoborylene complex [CpFe(PCy3)(CO)(BNCMes2)]+ undergoes MB metathesis reactivity with carbodiimides, resulting in FeB cleavage and the formation of isonitrile complexes.
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47

Kubo, Keishi, and Keisaku Fujimoto. "3. Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE)." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 101, no. 6 (2012): 1578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.101.1578.

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48

Liu, Jin, Zhou Guan, Xiaohui Tian, Jiaping Lin, and Xiaosong Wang. "Solvent-dependent chain conformation for ring closure of metal carbonyl oligomers via migration insertion polymerization (MIP) of CpFe(CO)2(CH2)6PPh2." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 26 (2016): 4419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py00770h.

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49

El-khateeb, Mohammad, and Alexander Roller. "Synthesis and structures of CpFe(CO)2(κE-ECS2Ph) and [CpFe(CO)(κ2S,E-ECS2Ph)] (E=S, Se)." Polyhedron 26, no. 14 (August 2007): 3920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2007.04.010.

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50

Glavee, George N., Yingzhong Su, Robert A. Jacobson, and Robert J. Angelici. "Reactions of CpFe(CO)2()+, CpFe(CO)2[C(SMe)2]+ and related carbene complexes with reducing agents and nucleophiles. The structure of {CpFe(CO)2[C(SMe)2]}PF6." Inorganica Chimica Acta 157, no. 1 (March 1989): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)83426-x.

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