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Li, Xiying, Chenhui Huang, Peijun Wei, Kun Zhang, Chunxia Dong, Qing Lan, Zhenggao Zheng, Zhengdong Zhang, and Jindong Zhao. "Attachment of Ferredoxin: NADP+ Oxidoreductase to Phycobilisomes Is Required for Photoheterotrophic Growth of the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002." Microorganisms 10, no. 7 (June 29, 2022): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071313.
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Two types of cyanobacterial phycobilisomes (PBS) are present: the hemidiscoidal PBS (CpcG-PBS) and the membrane-bound PBS (CpcL-PBS). Both types of PBS have ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR) attached to the termini of their rods through a CpcD domain. To date, the physiological significance of the attachment remains unknown. We constructed a mutant (dF338) which contains an FNR lacking the N-terminal CpcD domain in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Isolated CpcG-PBS from dF338 did not contain FNR and the cell extracts of the mutant had a 35 kDa protein cross-reacting to anti-FNR antibodies. dF338 grows normally under photoautotrophic conditions, but little growth was observed under photoheterotrophic conditions. A cpcL (cpcG2) mutant grows extremely slowly under photoheterotrophic conditions while a cpcG (cpcG1) mutant, in which PBS rods could not attach to the cores of the CpcG-PBS, can grow photoheterotrophically, strongly suggesting that the attachment of FNR to CpcL-PBS is critical to photoheterotrophic growth. We show that electron transfer to the plastoquinone pool in dF338 and the cpcL mutant was impaired. We also provide evidence that trimeric photosystem I (PSI) and intact CpcL-PBS with a full-length FNR is critical to plastoquinone reduction. The presence of a NADPH-dehydrogenase (NDH)-CpcL-PBS-PSI trimer supercomplex and its roles are discussed.
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Liu, Qingbao, and Guozhu Dong. "CPCQ: Contrast pattern based clustering quality index for categorical data." Pattern Recognition 45, no. 4 (April 2012): 1739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2011.10.007.
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Ebbole, D. J., J. L. Paluh, M. Plamann, M. S. Sachs, and C. Yanofsky. "cpc-1, the general regulatory gene for genes of amino acid biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa, is differentially expressed during the asexual life cycle." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 2 (February 1991): 928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.2.928-934.1991.
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CPCI, the principal regulatory protein required for cross-pathway control of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Neurospora crassa, contains a domain similar to the DNA-binding domain of GCN4, the corresponding general regulator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We examined binding by CPC1 synthesized in vitro and by CPC1 present in N. crassa whole-cell extracts. CPCI from both sources was shown to bind to the DNA sequence 5'-ATGACTCAT-3', which is also the preferred recognition sequence of GCN4, CPC1 was confirmed as the source of DNA-binding activity in extracts by immunoblotting. Slightly mobility differences between DNA complexes containing CPCI synthesized in vitro and CPC1 in mycelial extracts were observed. Analyses of N. crassa extracts from different stages of asexual development revealed that CPC1 was abundant immediately following spore germination and through early mycelial growth but was scarce subsequently. CPC1 levels could be increased at any time by imposing amino acid starvation. Copies of the CPC1 response element are located upstream of several genes regulated by cross-pathway control, including cpc-1 itself.
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Ebbole, D. J., J. L. Paluh, M. Plamann, M. S. Sachs, and C. Yanofsky. "cpc-1, the general regulatory gene for genes of amino acid biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa, is differentially expressed during the asexual life cycle." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 2 (February 1991): 928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.2.928.
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CPCI, the principal regulatory protein required for cross-pathway control of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Neurospora crassa, contains a domain similar to the DNA-binding domain of GCN4, the corresponding general regulator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We examined binding by CPC1 synthesized in vitro and by CPC1 present in N. crassa whole-cell extracts. CPCI from both sources was shown to bind to the DNA sequence 5'-ATGACTCAT-3', which is also the preferred recognition sequence of GCN4, CPC1 was confirmed as the source of DNA-binding activity in extracts by immunoblotting. Slightly mobility differences between DNA complexes containing CPCI synthesized in vitro and CPC1 in mycelial extracts were observed. Analyses of N. crassa extracts from different stages of asexual development revealed that CPC1 was abundant immediately following spore germination and through early mycelial growth but was scarce subsequently. CPC1 levels could be increased at any time by imposing amino acid starvation. Copies of the CPC1 response element are located upstream of several genes regulated by cross-pathway control, including cpc-1 itself.
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Trelia Boel, Dewi Kartika, Ervina Sofyanti, Dennis, and Navanitha Naidu. "Estimation Of Dental Age Using Coronal Pulp Cavity Index (CPCI) On Lower Second Premolar And First Molar With Periapical Radiographic Analysis." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 2205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2171.
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Estimation of dental age in forensic odontology is crucial in biological dentistry Coronal Pulp Cavity Index (CPCI) as one method to check the correlation between the reduction of the coronal pulp cavity and chronological age. The present study aims to find out whether CPCI method can be used to estimate the dental age on lower second premolar and first molar with periapical radiographic analysis. The cross sectional study was conducted on 60 patients (30 males and 30 females) in the age range of 21 and 30 years. They were subjected to periapical radiographs on lower second premolar and first molar. The Coronal Pulp Cavity Height (CPCH) and Coronal Length (CL) was measured using vision measuring scope DC 3000 and electronic digital caliper. The values obtained were subjected into the formula of TCI = [CPCL × 100]/CL. The mean of TCI score and average chronological age were analyzed using paired T test to find out the correlation between the chronological age and the estimated dental age, P > 0.05 is considered as significant. There was no significant difference between the estimated dental age and chronological age in both lower second premolars (p=0.119) and first molars (p=0.224). CPCI method can be used to estimate the dental age on healthy lower second premolar and first molar.
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Panchin, Y. V., L. B. Popova, T. G. Deliagina, G. N. Orlovsky, and Y. I. Arshavsky. "Control of locomotion in marine mollusk Clione limacina. VIII. Cerebropedal neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 1912–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.5.1912.
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1. The pteropod mollusk Clione limacina swims by rhythmical oscillations of two wings, and its spatial orientation during locomotion is determined by tail movements. The majority of neurons responsible for generation of the wing and tail movements are located in the pedal ganglia. On the other hand, the majority of sensory inputs that affect wing and tail movements project to the cerebral ganglia. The goal of the present study was to identify and characterize cerebropedal neurons involved in the control of the swimming central generator or motor neurons of wing and tail muscles. Cerebropedal neurons affecting locomotion-controlling mechanisms are located in the rostromedial (CPA neurons), caudomedial (CPB neurons), and central (CPC neurons) zones of the cerebral ganglia. According to their morphology and effects on pedal mechanisms, 10 groups of the cerebropedal neurons can be distinguished. 2. CPA1 neurons project through the ipsilateral cerebropedal connective to both pedal ganglia. Activation of a CPA1 by current injection resulted in speeding up of the locomotor rhythm and intensification of the firing of the locomotor motor neurons. 3. CPA2 neurons send numerous thin fibers into the ipsi- and contralateral pedal and pleural ganglia through the cerebropedal and cerebropleural connectives. They strongly inhibit the wing muscle motor neurons and, to a lesser extent, slow down the locomotor rhythm. 4. CPB1 neurons project through the contralateral cerebropedal connective to both pedal ganglia. They activate the locomotor generator. 5. CPB2 neurons also project, through the contralateral cerebropedal connective, to both pedal ganglia. They affect wing muscle motor neurons. 6. CPB3 neurons have diverse morphology: they project to the pedal ganglia either through the ipsilateral cerebropedal connective, or through the contralateral one, or through both of them. They affect putative motor neurons of the tail muscles. 7. CPC1, CPC2, and CPC3 neurons project through the ipsilateral cerebropedal connective to both pedal ganglia. They activate the locomotor generator. 8. CPC4 and CPC5 neurons project through the contralateral cerebropedal connective to the contralateral pedal ganglia. They activate the locomotor generator. 9. Serotonergic neurons were mapped in the CNS of Clione by immunohistochemical methods. Location and size of cells in two groups of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the cerebral ganglia appeared to be similar to those of CPA1 and CPB1 neurons. This finding suggests a possible mechanism for serotonin's ability to exert a strong excitatory action on the locomotor generator of Clione. 10. The role of different groups of cerebropedal neurons is discussed in relation to different forms of Clione's behavior in which locomotor activity is involved.
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Liu, Guoqing, Meng Zhou, Xiaoyu Wang, Xiangjie Mao, Xianmei Long, Shouqi Xie, Dong Han, and Qingsong Tan. "Effects of Dietary Cottonseed Protein Concentrate Levels on Growth Performance, Health Status, Flesh Quality and Intestinal Microbiota of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)." Metabolites 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2022): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111046.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) as a single dietary protein source and the optimal protein level for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). An 8-week feeding trial was conducted by feeding juvenile grass carp (initial body weight: 4.68 ± 0.01 g) with six experimental diets containing graded levels of protein provided by CPC. The results showed that the optimal CPC level (CPC4) improved the growth performance and health status of grass carp. The optimal dietary protein level was estimated to be 38.61 and 38.66% based on specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE), respectively. The CPC4 group significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) content and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the hepatopancreas (p < 0.05). In addition, the CPC4 group increased the muscle T-AOC and glutathione (GSH) content and improved muscle hardness, and the gene expression of MRFs, fgf6a, myhc-7, myhc-1, myhc-4, igf-II, and tor was upregulated while mstn gene expression was downregulated (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the optimal dietary CPC level promoted grass carp growth, health, and flesh quality by regulating the relative abundance of intestinal microbes. Furthermore, CPC6 upregulated the ko00480 (Glutathione metabolism) and ko00620 (Pyruvate metabolism) pathways compared to CPC1 (p < 0.05), possibly indicating that low dietary CPC levels adversely affected amino acid metabolism in the intestinal microbiota of grass carp, while a high level of CPC will meet the metabolic needs of the body by increasing the utilization of energy.
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Zhao, Cheng, Astrid Höppner, Qian-Zhao Xu, Wolfgang Gärtner, Hugo Scheer, Ming Zhou, and Kai-Hong Zhao. "Structures and enzymatic mechanisms of phycobiliprotein lyases CpcE/F and PecE/F." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 50 (November 27, 2017): 13170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715495114.
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The light-harvesting phycobilisome in cyanobacteria and red algae requires the lyase-catalyzed chromophorylation of phycobiliproteins. There are three functionally distinct lyase families known. The heterodimeric E/F type is specific for attaching bilins covalently to α-subunits of phycocyanins and phycoerythrins. Unlike other lyases, the lyase also has chromophore-detaching activity. A subclass of the E/F-type lyases is, furthermore, capable of chemically modifying the chromophore. Although these enzymes were characterized >25 y ago, their structures remained unknown. We determined the crystal structure of the heterodimer of CpcE/F fromNostocsp. PCC7120 at 1.89-Å resolution. Both subunits are twisted, crescent-shaped α-solenoid structures. CpcE has 15 and CpcF 10 helices. The inner (concave) layer of CpcE (helices h2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14) and the outer (convex) layer of CpcF (h16, 18, 20, 22, and 24) form a cavity into which the phycocyanobilin chromophore can be modeled. This location of the chromophore is supported by mutations at the interface between the subunits and within the cavity. The structure of a structurally related, isomerizing lyase, PecE/F, that converts phycocyanobilin into phycoviolobilin, was modeled using the CpcE/F structure as template. A H87C88motif critical for the isomerase activity of PecE/F is located at the loop between h20 and h21, supporting the proposal that the nucleophilic addition of Cys-88 to C10 of phycocyanobilin induces the isomerization of phycocyanobilin into phycoviolobilin. Also, the structure of NblB, involved in phycobilisome degradation could be modeled using CpcE as template. Combined with CpcF, NblB shows a low chromophore-detaching activity.
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Requena Cisneros, Silvio Over, Micarla Yanira Loarte Campos, Cinthya Cecilia Zelada Ladrón de Guevara, Yovana Elisa Flores Valverde, Diana Esmeralda Castillo Andamayo, and Martín Gilberto Quintana del Solar. "Adaptación de cofias metálicas confeccionadas con dos técnicas: cera pérdida colado por centrifugación convencional e inducción." Revista Estomatológica Herediana 29, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/reh.v29i1.3493.
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Nuevas técnicas nos están permitiendo migrar de la técnica de cera perdida colado por centrifugado convencio- nal (CPCC) a técnicas como la cera perdida colado por inducción (CPCI). Objetivos: Comparar la discrepancia marginal e interna de cofias unitarias de aleación Cobalto-Cromo (Co-Cr) sobre una línea de terminación cham- fer, confeccionadas con dos técnicas: CPCC y CPCI, determinando cual técnica tuvo mejor adaptación marginal e interna. Material y Métodos: Se fabricaron13 cofias metálicas unitarias de aleación Co-Cr para cada técnica a evaluar. Se utilizó la réplica de silicona para evaluar las discrepancias marginales e internas, cada muestra fue seccionada en cruz en sentido vestíbulo-palatino y en sentido mesio-distal, luego con un estéreomicroscopio se evaluó la zona cervical, axial y oclusal. Resultados: Se evaluó los supuestos de normalidad con la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk. Los análisis estadísticos fueron la prueba t de Student y U Mann-Whitney. La CPCI obtuvo una menor discrepancia marginal e interna en comparación con la CPC pero no se encontró diferencias estadísti- camente significativas (p>0,05) entre ambas técnicas. Conclusiones: Aunque en la mayoría de los puntos de evaluación las cofias realizadas mediante la CPCI presento mejores valores de adaptación marginal e interna en comparación con la CPCC estos resultados sólo son valores descriptivos que no fueron concluyentes, ya que en la mayoría de los puntos evaluados no existió diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p>0,05). Observamos que la mayoría de los valores de ambas técnicas se encuentran dentro del rango clínicamente aceptable.
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Cherdkiatikul, Thiti, and Yaneenart Suwanwong. "Production of the α and β Subunits of Spirulina Allophycocyanin and C-Phycocyanin in Escherichia coli." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 19, no. 6 (January 24, 2014): 959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057113520565.
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Allophycocyanin and c-phycocyanin have been reported to be potent antioxidants. In this work, the genes encoding the apo-proteins of allophycocyanin α (ApcA), allophycocyanin β (ApcB), c-phycocyanin α (CpcA), and c-phycocyanin β (CpcB) from Spirulina platensis were cloned, and the recombinant proteins were produced in Escherichia coli to study their antioxidant effects. All four recombinant phycocyanins could be produced in the soluble form and purified to more than 97% purity. The results of radical scavenging assays showed that the Trolox equivalent values for peroxyl radical scavenging by the ApcA, ApcB, CpcA, and CpcB proteins were 1.81 ± 0.2 µM, 1.98 ± 0.22 µM, 0.95 ± 0.15 µM, and 1.49 ± 0.15 µM, respectively. The IC50 values for hydroxyl radical scavenging of ApcA, ApcB, CpcA, CpcB, and Trolox were 269 ± 9 µg/mL, 190 ± 5 µg/mL, 129 ± 8 µg/mL, 108 ± 4 µg/mL, and 195 ± 12 µg/mL, respectively. These results indicated that allophycocyanin exhibited higher activity than c-phycocyanin in scavenging peroxyl radicals, whereas c-phycocyanin exhibited higher activity than allophycocyanin in scavenging hydroxyl radicals. All of the apo-phycocyanin subunits possessed strong antioxidant activities and can be further developed and applied to the food and drug industries. However, the selection of the most useful antioxidant should depend on the type of targeted free radical to obtain the highest efficiency.
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Shen, Gaozhong, Heidi S. Leonard, Wendy M. Schluchter, and Donald A. Bryant. "CpcM Posttranslationally Methylates Asparagine-71/72 of Phycobiliprotein Beta Subunits in Synechococcus sp. Strain PCC 7002 and Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 14 (May 9, 2008): 4808–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00436-08.
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ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria produce phycobilisomes, which are macromolecular light-harvesting complexes mostly assembled from phycobiliproteins. Phycobiliprotein beta subunits contain a highly conserved γ-N-methylasparagine residue, which results from the posttranslational modification of Asn71/72. Through comparative genomic analyses, we identified a gene, denoted cpcM, that (i) encodes a protein with sequence similarity to other S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases, (ii) is found in all sequenced cyanobacterial genomes, and (iii) often occurs near genes encoding phycobiliproteins in cyanobacterial genomes. The cpcM genes of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 and Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 were insertionally inactivated. Mass spectrometric analyses of phycobiliproteins isolated from the mutants confirmed that the CpcB, ApcB, and ApcF were 14 Da lighter than their wild-type counterparts. Trypsin digestion and mass analyses of phycobiliproteins isolated from the mutants showed that tryptic peptides from phycocyanin that included Asn72 were also 14 Da lighter than the equivalent peptides from wild-type strains. Thus, CpcM is the methyltransferase that modifies the amide nitrogen of Asn71/72 of CpcB, ApcB, and ApcF. When cells were grown at low light intensity, the cpcM mutants were phenotypically similar to the wild-type strains. However, the mutants were sensitive to high-light stress, and the cpcM mutant of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 was unable to grow at moderately high light intensities. Fluorescence emission measurements showed that the ability to perform state transitions was impaired in the cpcM mutants and suggested that energy transfer from phycobiliproteins to the photosystems was also less efficient. The possible functions of asparagine N methylation of phycobiliproteins are discussed.
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Crosbie, Nicholas D., Matthias Pöckl, and Thomas Weisse. "Dispersal and Phylogenetic Diversity of Nonmarine Picocyanobacteria, Inferred from 16S rRNA Gene and cpcBA-Intergenic Spacer Sequence Analyses." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 9 (September 2003): 5716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.9.5716-5721.2003.
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ABSTRACT More than 20 Synechococcus and Cyanobium isolates were obtained from central European subalpine lakes and sequenced for their 16S rRNA gene and part of the phycocyanin operon (cpc), specifically the intergenic spacer (IGS) between cpcB and cpcA, and corresponding flanking regions (cpcBA-IGS). Maximum-likelihood analyses revealed the existence of at least six to seven clusters of nonmarine picocyanobacteria within the picophytoplankton clade and support the conjecture of global dispersal for some closely related picocyanobacterial genotypes.
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Asbach, Christof, André Schmitz, Frank Schmidt, Christian Monz, and Ana Maria Todea. "Intercomparison of a Personal CPC and Different Conventional CPCs." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 17, no. 5 (2017): 1132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2016.10.0460.
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Savino, Salvatore, Daniela Bulgari, Eugenio Monti, and Emanuela Gobbi. "Agro-Industrial Wastes: A Substrate for Multi-Enzymes Production by Cryphonectria parasitica." Fermentation 7, no. 4 (November 26, 2021): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7040279.
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This study aims to produce a mix of enzymes through Solid State Fermentation (SSF) of raw materials. Four different, easily available, agro-industrial wastes were evaluated as SSF substrates for enzymes production by Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. environmental strains named CpA, CpB2, CpC4, and CpC7. Among the tested wastes, organic wheat bran for human use and wheat bran for animal feed better supports C. parasitica growth and protease production without any supplements. SDS-PAGE analyses highlighted the presence of three bands corresponding to an extracellular laccase (77 kDa), to the endothiapepsin (37 kDa), and to a carboxylesterase (60.6 kDa). Protease, laccase, and esterase activities by C. parasitica in SSF were evaluated for 15 days, showing the maximum protease activity at day 9 (3955.6 AU/gsf,). Conversely, the best laccase and esterase production was achieved after 15 days. The C. parasitica hypovirulent CpC4 strain showed the highest laccase and esterase activity (93.8 AU/gsf and 2.5 U/gsf, respectively). These results suggest the feasibility of a large-scale production of industrially relevant enzymes by C. parasitica strains in SSF process on low value materials.
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Higgins, Richard, and Maureen Hennessey. "From Passive Patient to Engaged Partner: My Journey With Parkinson Disease." Journal of Participatory Medicine 12, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): e12566. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12566.
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This patient narrative by Richard Higgins with Maureen Hennessey describes Richard's journey of learning to live with a chronic and progressive illness. It begins with Richard's diagnosis and shares many of the lessons learned along the way. Richard copes daily with this condition, relying on the support and expertise of his wife and the treatment team he has assembled while also encouragingly drawing on the skills and knowledge gained as a longtime running coach. A clinical commentary is provided at the article's conclusion, drafted by Richard's friend, Maureen Hennessey, PhD, CPCC, CPHQ, offering observations about the relevance of Richard's story to participatory medicine and suggesting pertinent resources for patients and health care professionals.
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Teneva, Ivanka, Balik Dzhambazov, Rumen Mladenov, and Kristin Schirmer. "MOLECULAR AND PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OFPHORMIDIUM SPECIES (CYANOPROKARYOTA)USING THE CPCB-IGS-CPCA LOCUS." Journal of Phycology 41, no. 1 (February 2005): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.04054.x.
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China, M. A., N. J. Deedam, and P. N. Olumati. "Effect of fluted pumpkin seeds flour on the proximate and sensory properties of cooking banana flour biscuits and queens cake for household consumption." Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/rjfsn2019.082.
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Biscuits and queens cakes were produced from the blends of cooking banana/fluted pumpkin seeds flour at a substitution levels of 100% wheat flour (control), 90% cooking banana, 10% fluted pumpkin seeds flour, 80% cooking banana, 20% fluted pumpkin seeds flour and 70% cooking banana, 30% fluted pumpkin seeds for households consumption. Proximate and sensory properties of the food products (biscuits and queens cakes) was analyzed. Results for proximate composition showed that samples CPDB 70% cooking banana, 30% fluted pumpkin seeds flour and CPDQ 70% cooking banana, 30% fluted pumpkin seeds flour had the highest value for protein while sample WHAB 100% wheat flour biscuits and WHAQ 100% wheat flour queens cake (control) had the highest value for carbohydrate content. Result for Sensory properties: colour, texture, taste, flavour and general acceptability) revealed that 100% wheat flour products were most preferred compared to all the samples. However, sample CPBB and CPBQ 90% cooking banana with 10% fluted pumpkin seeds flour substitution were comparable to the control in all the attributes evaluated. Sample CPDB and CPDQ had the lowest value and were least preferred. Protein content of biscuits and queen cakes samples improved progressively with increased substitution levels of enrichment with fluted pumpkin seeds flour. This confirms that the developed biscuits and queens cake have a better nutritional value compared to the control sample and could be used to stem the tide of protein energy – malnutrition in the family.
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Biswas, Avijit, Yasmin M. Vasquez, Tierna M. Dragomani, Monica L. Kronfel, Shervonda R. Williams, Richard M. Alvey, Donald A. Bryant, and Wendy M. Schluchter. "Biosynthesis of Cyanobacterial Phycobiliproteins in Escherichia coli: Chromophorylation Efficiency and Specificity of All Bilin Lyases from Synechococcus sp. Strain PCC 7002." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 9 (March 12, 2010): 2729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03100-09.
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ABSTRACT Phycobiliproteins are water-soluble, light-harvesting proteins that are highly fluorescent due to linear tetrapyrrole chromophores, which makes them valuable as probes. Enzymes called bilin lyases usually attach these bilin chromophores to specific cysteine residues within the alpha and beta subunits via thioether linkages. A multiplasmid coexpression system was used to recreate the biosynthetic pathway for phycobiliproteins from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 in Escherichia coli. This system efficiently produced chromophorylated allophycocyanin (ApcA/ApcB) and α-phycocyanin with holoprotein yields ranging from 3 to 12 mg liter−1 of culture. This heterologous expression system was used to demonstrate that the CpcS-I and CpcU proteins are both required to attach phycocyanobilin (PCB) to allophycocyanin subunits ApcD (αAP-B) and ApcF (β18). The N-terminal, allophycocyanin-like domain of ApcE (LCM 99) was produced in soluble form and was shown to have intrinsic bilin lyase activity. Lastly, this in vivo system was used to evaluate the efficiency of the bilin lyases for production of β-phycocyanin.
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RODARTE, BEATRIZ, ITZEL BECERRA-ABSALÓN, GUSTAVO A. MONTEJANO, KARINA OSORIO-SANTOS, LUISA ALBA-LOIS, HILDA LEÓN-TEJERA, and CLAUDIA SEGAL-KISCHINEVZKY. "Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Brasilonema roberti-lamii (Cyanophyceae, Nostocales, Scytonemataceae), from Central Mexico." Phytotaxa 164, no. 4 (April 11, 2014): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.4.4.
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This paper is a contribution to the morphological and molecular characterization of the cyanobacterium Brasilonema roberti-lamii from populations found in Central Mexico. The general growth form and the morphological, morphometric and ecological characteristics of the populations studied clearly correspond to those described for Brasilonema roberti-lamii (basionym: Tolypothrix roberti-lamii) from the French Antilles. Based on molecular data from DNA sequencing of the16S rRNA gene and the IGS of the cpcB-cpcA phycocyanin operon (cpcBA-IGS), we propose that the populations that we studied are closely related to those of other Brasilonema species, including B. octagenarum UFV-OR1, UFV-E1 and HA4187-MV1-p1F, Brasilonema sennae CENA 114, B. tolantongensis, B. terrestre CENA 116, B. angustatum HA4187-MV1-B2+p1F and HA4187-MV1-B2+p1H and B. bromeliae SPC951. Our findings support the transference of Tolypothrix roberti-lamii, which was made based exclusively on morphological criteria, to Brasilonema. The use of molecular analyses in addition to traditional morphological and ecological criteria, known as polyphasic approach, is a good alternative to describe taxa of cyanobacteria, mainly at the genus and species levels.
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Zhou, J., G. E. Gasparich, V. L. Stirewalt, R. de Lorimier, and D. A. Bryant. "The cpcE and cpcF genes of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Construction and phenotypic characterization of interposon mutants." Journal of Biological Chemistry 267, no. 23 (August 1992): 16138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41978-3.
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Oh, Gyu-hwan. "Formation Principles and Change Factors of Korean Complex Predicate Constructions." Morphology 24, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 311–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51157/kmor.2022.24.2.311.
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Korean complex predicate constructions(henceforth CPCs) can be cross-classified with various types, according to case marker/particle realization, expandability of CPCs’ constituents, polysemy of CPCs’ noun, semantic bleaching degree of CPCs’ verbs/adjectives, etc. The wordhood of Korean CPCs vary depending on the types of CPCs. I accounted for the differences observed on the wordhood of Korean CPCs from the perspective of word-formation and described the synchronic formation and change of Korean CPCs. Korean CPCs are formed synchronically through the concatenative process that occurs when clauses are formed in the syntactic component or the substitutional process and concatenative process in the mental lexicon. Korean CPCs which are formed in the mental lexicon are more likely to be word-like, while CPCs which are formed in the syntactic component are more likely to phrase-like. Korean CPCs that are formed synchronically are used in the syntactic component and experiences formal, semantic, and categorial changes. The formal and semantic change of Korean CPCs are related to the realization of the case-marker/particle and metaphor/metonymy, respectively, and the categorial change of Korean CPCs is due to reanalysis. Because of these changes, I pointed out that the wordhood of the Korean CPCs may decrease or increase.
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Paluh, J. L., and C. Yanofsky. "Characterization of Neurospora CPC1, a bZIP DNA-binding protein that does not require aligned heptad leucines for dimerization." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 2 (February 1991): 935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.2.935-944.1991.
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CPC1 is the transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes of Neurospora crassa. CPC1 function in vivo was abolished upon deletion of segments of cpc-1 corresponding to the presumed transcription activation domain, the DNA-binding and dimerization domains, or a 52-residue connector segment of CPC1. A truncated CPC1 polypeptide containing only the carboxy-terminal 57-residue segment of CPC1 was sufficient to form homodimers that bound DNA. However, deletion of the segment of cpc-1 corresponding to the connector segment in the full-length CPC1 polypeptide abolished DNA binding. Removal of a segment of cpc-1 corresponding to the GIn-rich region of CPC1 reduced in vivo function only slightly. The homologous transcription activator of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GCN4, did not substitute for CPC1 in N. crassa. Chimeric CPC1-GCN4 polypeptides that contained the GCN4 transcriptional activation domain or the domain of GCN4 that corresponds to the essential 52-residue connector segment of CPC1, functioned with reduced efficiency. However, a chimeric polypeptide containing the GCN4 DNA-binding and dimerization domains in place of those of CPC1 functioned essentially as well as wild-type CPC1. The basic and dimerization domains of CPC1 were characterized by introducing deletions or site-directed amino acid replacements. The basic region was required for DNA binding but not for dimerization. CPC1 has a short dimerization domain containing heptad residues Leu-1, Leu-2, Trp-3, and His-4. When Val was substituted for Leu-1 or Leu-2, CPC1 was fully active, but when Val replaced Trp-3, dimerization and DNA binding were prevented. DNA band shift analyses with CPC1 heterodimers demonstrated that CPC1 does not require aligned heptad leucine residues for dimerization. Replacement of two charged residues located between Leu-1 and Leu-2 of CPC1 abolished dimerization and DNA binding.
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Paluh, J. L., and C. Yanofsky. "Characterization of Neurospora CPC1, a bZIP DNA-binding protein that does not require aligned heptad leucines for dimerization." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 2 (February 1991): 935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.2.935.
Full textAbstract:
CPC1 is the transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes of Neurospora crassa. CPC1 function in vivo was abolished upon deletion of segments of cpc-1 corresponding to the presumed transcription activation domain, the DNA-binding and dimerization domains, or a 52-residue connector segment of CPC1. A truncated CPC1 polypeptide containing only the carboxy-terminal 57-residue segment of CPC1 was sufficient to form homodimers that bound DNA. However, deletion of the segment of cpc-1 corresponding to the connector segment in the full-length CPC1 polypeptide abolished DNA binding. Removal of a segment of cpc-1 corresponding to the GIn-rich region of CPC1 reduced in vivo function only slightly. The homologous transcription activator of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GCN4, did not substitute for CPC1 in N. crassa. Chimeric CPC1-GCN4 polypeptides that contained the GCN4 transcriptional activation domain or the domain of GCN4 that corresponds to the essential 52-residue connector segment of CPC1, functioned with reduced efficiency. However, a chimeric polypeptide containing the GCN4 DNA-binding and dimerization domains in place of those of CPC1 functioned essentially as well as wild-type CPC1. The basic and dimerization domains of CPC1 were characterized by introducing deletions or site-directed amino acid replacements. The basic region was required for DNA binding but not for dimerization. CPC1 has a short dimerization domain containing heptad residues Leu-1, Leu-2, Trp-3, and His-4. When Val was substituted for Leu-1 or Leu-2, CPC1 was fully active, but when Val replaced Trp-3, dimerization and DNA binding were prevented. DNA band shift analyses with CPC1 heterodimers demonstrated that CPC1 does not require aligned heptad leucine residues for dimerization. Replacement of two charged residues located between Leu-1 and Leu-2 of CPC1 abolished dimerization and DNA binding.
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Toyoshima, Masakazu, Yuma Tokumaru, Fumio Matsuda, and Hiroshi Shimizu. "Assessment of Protein Content and Phosphorylation Level in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under Various Growth Conditions Using Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 3582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163582.
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The photosynthetic apparatus and metabolic enzymes of cyanobacteria are subject to various controls, such as transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications, to ensure that the entire cellular system functions optimally. In particular, phosphorylation plays key roles in many cellular controls such as enzyme activity, signal transduction, and photosynthetic apparatus restructuring. Therefore, elucidating the governing functions of phosphorylation is crucial to understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying metabolism and photosynthesis. In this study, we determined protein content and phosphorylation levels to reveal the regulation of intracellular metabolism and photosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803; for this, we obtained quantitative data of proteins and their phosphorylated forms involved in photosynthesis and metabolism under various growth conditions (photoautotrophic, mixotrophic, heterotrophic, dark, and nitrogen-deprived conditions) using targeted proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses with nano-liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The results indicated that in addition to the regulation of protein expression, the regulation of phosphorylation levels of cyanobacterial photosynthetic apparatus and metabolic enzymes was pivotal for adapting to changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, reduced protein levels of CpcC and altered phosphorylation levels of CpcB, ApcA, OCP, and PsbV contributed to the cellular response of the photosynthesis apparatus to nitrogen deficiency.
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Swartzendruber, Andrea, and Danielle N. Lambert. "A Web-Based Geolocated Directory of Crisis Pregnancy Centers (CPCs) in the United States: Description of CPC Map Methods and Design Features and Analysis of Baseline Data." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 6, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): e16726. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16726.
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Background Crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) are nonprofit organizations that aim to dissuade people considering abortion. The centers frequently advertise in misleading ways and provide inaccurate health information. CPCs in the United States are becoming more medicalized and gaining government funding and support. We created a CPC Map, a Web-based geolocated database of all CPCs currently operating in the United States, to help individuals seeking health services know which centers are CPCs and to facilitate academic research. Objective This study aimed to describe the methods used to develop and maintain the CPC Map and baseline findings regarding the number and distribution of CPCs in the United States. We also examined associations between direct state funding and the number of CPCs and relationships between the number of CPCs and state legislation proposed in 2018-2019 to ban all or most abortions. Methods In 2018, we used standard protocols to identify and verify the locations of and services offered by CPCs operating in the United States. The CPC Map was designed to be a publicly accessible, user-friendly searchable database that can be easily updated. We examined the number of CPCs and, using existing data, the ratios of women of reproductive age to CPCs and CPCs to abortion facilities nationally and by region, subregion, and state. We used unadjusted and adjusted negative binomial regression models to examine associations between direct state funding and the number of CPCs. We used unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models to examine associations between the number of CPCs by state and legislation introduced in 2018-2019 to ban all or most abortions. Adjusted models controlled for the numbers of women of reproductive age and abortion facilities per state. Results We identified 2527 operating CPCs. Of these, 66.17% (1672/2527) offered limited medical services. Nationally, the ratio of women of reproductive age to CPCs was 29,304:1. The number of CPCs per abortion facility was 3.2. The South and Midwest had the greatest numbers of CPCs. The number of CPCs per state ranged from three (Rhode Island) to 203 (Texas). Direct funding was associated with a greater number of CPCs in unadjusted (coefficient: 0.87, 95% CI 0.51-1.22) and adjusted (coefficient: 0.45, 95% CI 0.33-0.57) analyses. The number of CPCs was associated with the state legislation introduced in 2018-2019 to ban all or most abortions in unadjusted (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.06) and adjusted analyses (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.19). Conclusions CPCs are located in every state and particularly prevalent in the South and Midwest. Distribution of CPCs in the United States is associated with state funding and extreme proposals to restrict abortion. Researchers should track CPCs over time and examine factors that influence their operations and impact on public health and policy.
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Sidana, Surbhi, Nidhi Tandon, Angela Dispenzieri, Morie A. Gertz, Francis Buadi, Martha Lacy, David Dingli, et al. "Risk stratification by detection of clonal circulating plasma cells (CPCs) by multi-parametric flow cytometry (MFC) in light chain amyloidosis (AL)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 8047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.8047.
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8047 Background: Presence of CPCs by six color MFC is associated with worse outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM). Using a slide based immunofluorescence assay, CPCs are associated with worse prognosis in AL, but outcomes with MFC are not known. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 154 patients (pts) from Jan 2008 – Dec 2015 with AL who had CPCs analyzed by MFC at diagnosis. Results: CPCs were present in 42% pts (n = 64, median = 88 per 150,000 events, range 6-17844). Table 1 lists baseline characteristics, treatment and response. In univariate analysis, bone marrow (BM) plasma cells > 15% (p<0.0001), dFLC > 60 mg/dL (p=0.02) and presence of active MM (p=0.0004) were associated with detectable CPCs. In multivariate (MV) model, only BM plasma cells > 15% predicted for presence of CPCs (p=0.02). There was no difference in hematologic or organ response in the 2 groups. Median follow up was 43 months (m). Pts with detectable CPCs had worse survival than those without detectable CPCs (90 m vs. 98 m, p=0.0004). In MV analysis model with Mayo Stage and detectable CPCs, presence of CPCs at diagnosis was independently associated with poor survival (CPCs p= 0.02, Mayo Stage p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Presence of detectable CPCs is an independent adverse prognostic factor for survival in AL. Comparatively fewer pts with detectable CPCs underwent early ASCT, which may reflect a more aggressive disease presentation. [Table: see text]
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Ma, Biao, Jun Li, Ren Wei Liu, and Jin Ma. "Study on Road Performance of Phase-Change Temperature-Adjusting Asphalt Mixture." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 978–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.978.
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Mixing the composite phase change material (CPCM) to asphalt mixture is a new way to solve the worldwide problem of the low-temperature cracking and high temperature rutting of the asphalt pavement. Asphalt mixture with CPCM can remain in the ideal working temperature range for a relatively long time. This paper analyzes the influence of the contents of CPCM on its road performance by laboratory testing. The study shows that mixing CPCM to asphalt mixture had little effect to the optimal asphalt content. For CPCM prepared by polymer shape-stabilized method, the high-temperature stability and the water stability of asphalt mixture increases firstly and then decreases the low-temperature anti-cracking stability decreases firstly and then increases with the increasing of CPCM. For CPCM prepared by carrier-adsorbed packaging process, the high-temperature stability decreases, low-temperature anti-cracking stability decreases firstly and then increases, the water stability increases firstly and then decreases with increasing of CPCM. The results indicate that CPCM has significant influences on its road performance. The optimal content of CPCM is around 0.3%.
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Yi, Junjie, Di Xu, Xiaonan Zang, Dingyang Yuan, Bingran Zhao, Li Tang, Yanning Tan, and Xuecheng Zhang. "Lyase activities of heterologous CpcS and CpcT for phycocyanin holo-β-subunit from Arthrospira platensis in Escherichia coli." Journal of Ocean University of China 13, no. 3 (May 10, 2014): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11802-014-2161-0.
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Radenković, Miroslav, Marko Stojanović, Radmila Janković, Mirko Topalović, and Milica Stojiljković. "Combined Contribution of Endothelial Relaxing Autacoides in the Rat Femoral Artery Response to CPCA: An Adenosine A2Receptor Agonist." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/143818.
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We examined the contribution of endothelial relaxing factors and potassium channels in actions of CPCA, potent adenosine A2receptor agonist, on isolated intact male rat femoral artery (FA). CPCA produced concentration-dependent relaxation of FA, which was notably, but not completely, reduced after endothelial denudation. DPCPX, A1receptor antagonist, had no significant effect, while SCH 58261 (A2Areceptor antagonist) notably reduced CPCA-evoked effect. Pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide synthase or cyclooxygenase comparably reduced CPCA-evoked action, still in a lesser degree than after denudation. In the presence of buffer with high K+(100 mM), CPCA-produced relaxations were almost abolished. TEA (nonselective KCablocker), glibenclamide (KATPblocker), Ba++(KIRblocker), or ouabain (Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor) did not change CPCA-induced relaxation. Concentration-response curve for CPCA was significantly shifted to the right after the incubation of apamin (SK channel blocker). CPCA produced concentration-dependent relaxation of FA that was partly dependent on endothelial cells. Endothelium-related portion of CPCA-elicited effect was mediated by combined action of endothelial NO, prostacyclin, and EDHF after activation of endothelial A2Areceptors. Small conductance KCachannels were involved in this action.
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Ding, Lei, Cheng Zhou, Hongjun Zheng, Quanming Wang, Haiyan Song, Joseph A. Buckwalter, and James A. Martin. "Migrating Progenitor Cells Derived From Injured Cartilage Surface Respond to Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns." CARTILAGE 13, no. 2_suppl (October 12, 2021): 755S—765S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19476035211049559.
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Objective To delineate the response of migrating chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) that arose from the surface of mechanically injured articular cartilage to proinflammatory damage-associated-molecular-patterns (DAMPs). Design Bovine CPCs and non-CPC chondrocytes isolated from either impacted or scratched articular cartilage were studied. Those 2 types of cells were treated with mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs; 10 nM fMLF and 10 µg/mL CpG DNA), or 10 nM HMGB1, or 10 ng/mL IL-1b for 24 hours. At the end of experiments, conditioned media and cell lysates were collected for analysis of expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), chemokines, and cytokines that are associated with cartilage degeneration with Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The difference of expression levels was compared by Welch’s t-test. Results Our data indicated that HMGB1 and MTDs remarkably upregulated pro-MMP-13 expression in CPCs. Compared with non-CPCs, CPCs expressed significantly more baseline mRNAs of MMP-13, CXCL12, and IL-6. MTDs greatly increased the expression of MMP-13 and IL-6 in CPCs by over 100-fold ( P < 0.001). MTDs also significantly increased IL-8 expression in CPCs to a similar extent ( P < 0.001). However, when IL-1b was present, CPCs expressed less MMP-3 and active MMP-13 proteins as well as less CCL2 and IL-6 than did non-CPCs. Conclusions We concluded that CPCs were more sensitive than non-CPCs in response to DAMPs, especially MTDs. The proinflammatory nature of CPCs implied their critical role in the early phase of posttraumatic osteoarthritis development.
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Hoffmann, Bernd, Oliver Valerius, Meike Andermann, and Gerhard H. Braus. "Transcriptional Autoregulation and Inhibition of mRNA Translation of Amino Acid Regulator GenecpcAof Filamentous FungusAspergillus nidulans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 12, no. 9 (September 2001): 2846–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.12.9.2846.
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The CPCA protein of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans is a member of the c-Jun-like transcriptional activator family. It acts as central transcription factor of the cross-pathway regulatory network of amino acid biosynthesis and is functionally exchangeable for the general control transcriptional activator Gcn4p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast to GCN4, expression of cpcA is strongly regulated by two equally important mechanisms with additive effects that lead to a fivefold increased CPCA protein amount under amino acid starvation conditions. One component of cpcA regulation involves a transcriptional autoregulatory mechanism via a CPCA recognition element (CPRE) in the cpcA promoter that causes a sevenfold increased cpcA mRNA level when cells are starved for amino acids. Point mutations in the CPRE cause a constitutively low mRNA level of cpcA and a halved protein level when amino acids are limited. Moreover, two upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5′ region of thecpcA mRNA are important for a translational regulatory mechanism. Destruction of both short uORFs results in a sixfold increased CPCA protein level under nonstarvation conditions and a 10-fold increase under starvation conditions. Mutations in both the CPRE and uORF regulatory elements lead to an intermediate effect, with a low cpcA mRNA level but a threefold increased CPCA protein level independent of amino acid availability. These data argue for a combined regulation of cpcA that includes a translational regulation like that of yeast GCN4 as well as a transcriptional regulation like that of the mammalianjun and fos genes.
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Liu, Ziqiang, Juhua Huang, Ming Cao, Yafang Zhang, Jin Hu, and Qiang Chen. "Preparation of SA–PA–LA/EG/CF CPCM and Its Application in Battery Thermal Management." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (July 24, 2021): 1902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081902.
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To improve the heat dissipation efficiency of batteries, the eutectic mass ratios of each component in the ternary low-melting phase change material (PCM), consisting of stearic acid (SA), palmitic acid (PA), and lauric acid (LA), was explored in this study. Subsequently, based on the principle of high thermal conductivity and low leakage, SA–PA–LA/expanded graphite (EG)/carbon fiber (CF) composite phase change material (CPCM) was prepared. A novel double-layer CPCM, with different melting points, was designed for the battery-temperature control test. Lastly, the thermal management performance of non-CPCM, single-layer CPCM, and double-layer CPCM was compared via multi-condition charge and discharge experiments. When the mass ratio of SA to PA is close to 8:2, better eutectic state is achieved, whereas the eutectic mass ratio of the components of SA–PA–LA in ternary PCM is 29.6:7.4:63. SA–PA–LA/EG/CF CPCM formed by physical adsorption has better mechanical properties, thermal stability, and faster heat storage and heat release rate than PCM. When the CF content in SA–PA–LA/EG/CF CPCM is 5%, and the mass ratio of SA–PA–LA to EG is 91:9, the resulting SA–PA–LA/EG/CF CPCM has lower leakage rate and better thermal conductivity. The temperature control effect of single-layer paraffin wax (PW)/EG/CF CPCM is evident when compared to the no-CPCM condition. However, the double-layer CPCM (PW/EG/CF and SA–PA–LA/EG/CF CPCM) can further reduce the temperature rise of the battery, effectively control the temperature and temperature difference, and primarily maintain the battery in a lower temperature range during usage. After adding an aluminum honeycomb to the double-layer CPCM, the double-layer CPCM exhibited better thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. Moreover, the structure showed better battery temperature control performance, while meeting the temperature control requirements during the charging and discharging cycles of the battery.
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Kim, Song-Gun, Sung-Keun Rhee, Chi-Yong Ahn, So-Ra Ko, Gang-Guk Choi, Jin-Woo Bae, Yong-Ha Park, and Hee-Mock Oh. "Determination of Cyanobacterial Diversity during Algal Blooms in Daechung Reservoir, Korea, on the Basis of cpcBA Intergenic Spacer Region Analysis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 5 (May 2006): 3252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.5.3252-3258.2006.
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ABSTRACT The detection and prevention of cyanobacterial blooms are important issues in water quality management. As such, the diversity and community dynamics of cyanobacteria during cyanobacterial bloom in the Daechung Reservoir, Korea, were studied by analyzing the intergenic spacer (IGS) region between phycocyanin subunit genes cpcB and cpcA (cpcBA IGS). To amplify the cpcBA IGS from environmental samples, new PCR primers that could cover a wider range of cyanobacteria than previously known primers were designed. In the samples taken around the bloom peak (2 September 2003), seven groups of cpcBA IGS sequences were detected, and none of the amplified cpcBA IGSs was closely related to the cpcBA IGS from chloroplasts. Apart from the Microcystis-, Aphanizomenon (Anabaena)-, Pseudanabaena-, and Planktothrix (Oscillatoria)-like groups, the three other groups of cpcBA IGS sequences were only distantly related to previously reported sequences (<85% similarity to their closest relatives). The most prominent changes during the bloom were the gradual decrease and eventual disappearance of the Aphanizomenon (Anabaena)-like group before the bloom peak and the gradual increase and sudden disappearance of Planktothrix (Oscillatoria)-like groups right after the bloom peak. The community succession profile obtained based on the cpcBA IGS analysis was also supported by a PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the 16S rRNA genes.
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Li, Qianhong, Chandrashekhar Dasari, Ding Li, Asma Arshia, Ahmed Muaaz Umer, Mohamed Riad Abdelgawad Abouzid, Yiru Guo, and Roberto Bolli. "Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 on c-Kit-Positive Cardiac Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 13448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413448.
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Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is one of the most powerful cytoprotective proteins known. The goal of this study was to explore the effects of HO-1 in c-kit-positive cardiac cells (CPCs). LinNEG/c-kitPOS CPCs were isolated and expanded from wild-type (WT), HO-1 transgenic (TG), or HO-1 knockout (KO) mouse hearts. Compared with WT CPCs, cell proliferation was significantly increased in HO-1TG CPCs and decreased in HO-1KO CPCs. HO-1TG CPCs also exhibited a marked increase in new DNA synthesis during the S-phase of cell division, not only under normoxia (21% O2) but after severe hypoxia (1% O2 for 16 h). These properties of HO-1TG CPCs were associated with nuclear translocation (and thus activation) of Nrf2, a key transcription factor that regulates antioxidant genes, and increased protein expression of Ec-SOD, the only extracellular antioxidant enzyme. These data demonstrate that HO-1 upregulates Ec-SOD in CPCs and suggest that this occurs via activation of Nrf2, which thus is potentially involved in the crosstalk between two antioxidants, HO-1 in cytoplasm and Ec-SOD in extracellular matrix. Overexpression of HO-1 in CPCs may improve the survival and reparative ability of CPCs after transplantation and thus may have potential clinical application to increase efficacy of cell therapy.
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Ma, Wenya, Fang He, Fengzhi Ding, Lai Zhang, Qi Huang, Chongwei Bi, Xiuxiu Wang, et al. "Pre-Treatment with Melatonin Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Myocardial Infarction." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 47, no. 3 (2018): 1287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490224.
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Background/Aims: Melatonin possesses many biological activities such as antioxidant and anti-aging. Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for myocardial infarction (MI). However, the low survival of transplanted CPCs in infarcted myocardium limits the successful use in treating MI. In the present study, we aimed to investigate if melatonin protects against oxidative stress-induced CPCs damage and enhances its therapeutic efficacy for MI. Methods: TUNEL assay and EdU assay were used to detect the effects of melatonin and miR-98 on H2O2-induced apoptosis and proliferation. MI model was used to evaluate the potential cardioprotective effects of melatonin and miR-98. Results: Melatonin attenuated H2O2-induced the proliferation reduction and apoptosis of c-kit+ CPCs in vitro, and CPCs which pretreated with melatonin significantly improved the functions of post-infarct hearts compared with CPCs alone in vivo. Melatonin was capable to inhibit the increase of miR-98 level by H2O2 in CPCs. The proliferation reduction and apoptosis of CPCs induced by H2O2 was aggravated by miR-98. In vivo, transplantation of CPCs with miR-98 silencing caused the more significant improvement of cardiac functions in MI than CPCs. MiR-98 targets at the signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3), and thus aggravated H2O2-induced the reduction of Bcl-2 protein. Conclusions: Pre-treatment with melatonin protects c-kit+ CPCs against oxidative stress-induced damage via downregulation of miR-98 and thereby increasing STAT3, representing a potentially new strategy to improve CPC-based therapy for MI.
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Petrikovsky, B. M., M. Terrani, and L. G. Sichinava. "Natural History and Clinical Significance of Multiple Cysts in a Single Choroid Plexus." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 34, no. 6 (August 10, 2018): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479318793846.
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Different types and locations of choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) have been described, including oversized and bilateral. It appears that the type, size, and number of CPCs are correlated with various degrees of aneuploidy risk. This report deals with the natural history and significance of CPCs filling only one choroid plexus. Multiple CPCs filling the entire choroid plexus were detected in 9 of 4211 consecutive second-trimester sonographic examinations. Karyotyping via amniocentesis or neonatal blood analysis was performed in all cases. CPCs in a single choroid plexus were associated with transient ventriculomegaly in five of nine fetuses. Resolution of CPCs took place between 25 and 33 weeks of pregnancy, with most resolving after the 30th week. Karyotyping revealed normal results in all cases. Favorable prognosis of newly described multiple CPCs in a single choroid plexus should be mentioned during patient counseling.
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Bae, Mi Hyun, Sang Hyuk Park, Chan-Jeoung Park, Bo Hyun Kim, Young-Uk Cho, Seongsoo Jang, Dong-Hyun Lee, et al. "Increased Circulating Plasma Cells Predicts Poor Overall Survival in Symptomatic Plasma Cell Myeloma Patients." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4205.4205.
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Abstract Backgrounds Flow cytometry can rapidly determine immunophenotypes of neoplastic plasma cells (PCs) and quantify PCs in patients with plasma cell myeloma. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping and quantification of neoplastic plasma cells is sensitive and reliable tool for diagnosis and disease monitoring in patients with monoclonal gammopathy. Circulating PCs (cPCs) in peripheral blood (PB) after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a marker of high-risk disease in patients with plasma cell myeloma. We assessed the utility of quantification of cPCs using flow cytometry for risk stratification in newly diagnosed plasma cell myeloma patients in the era of novel agents. Methods PB and bone marrow (BM) aspirates of 85 newly diagnosed patients with symptomatic plasma cell myeloma from August 2013 to July 2014 were analyzed by five-color flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies against CD45, CD19, CD56, CD38, and CD138. The gating strategy employed first used the expression of CD38 and CD138 to identify plasma cells among 100,000 to 200,000 events. cPCs in PB was determined according to the patient's specific immunophenotype of neoplastic PCs in BM. Results The median age of the patient population was 68 years (45~87) and 58% were female. Median follow-up duration was 19.2 months. Six out of 85 patients (7%) did not show cPCs. Among 79 patient (93%) who had detectable cPCs, the median cPCs was 0.09% (0.006~3.612%). Patients without cPCs or cPCs under 0.05% were assigned to low cPCs group (n=32, 38%) and others to high cPCs group (n=53, 62%) according to receiver operating characteristics analysis. High cPCs group showed higher level of BM neoplastic PCs detected by both methodologys of morphology and flow cytometry (P=0.002, 0.033, respectively), higher BM cellularity (P=0.011), higher serum M protein level (P=0.013), lower hemoglobin (P=0.008), and lower platelet level (P=0.034) than low cPCs group. High cPCs group was associated with adverse cytogenetics such as t(4;14) and monosomy 13 (P=0.008), and CD45 negative immunophenotype (P=0.007). In survival analysis, high cPCs presented shorter overall survival (OS) than low cPCs group (P=0.013) (Fig. 1). It was independent with patient age and cytogenetic risks (P =0.011). Conclusion By flow cytometry cPCs was detected in most symptomatic plasma cell myeloma patients. Increased cPCs ≥0.05% among PB leukocytes could be an independent prognostic factor showing adverse effect in overall survival in symptomatic plasma cell myeloma patients. Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier survival curve of patients with plasma cell myeloma who showed 0.05% or more circulating plasma cells in peripheral blood and patients with circulating plasma cells less than 0.05%. Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier survival curve of patients with plasma cell myeloma who showed 0.05% or more circulating plasma cells in peripheral blood and patients with circulating plasma cells less than 0.05%. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Nelli, Jennifer M., Keith Nicholson, S. Fatima Lakha, Ada F. Louffat, Luis Chapparo, Julio Furlan, and Angela Mailis-Gagnon. "Use of a Modified Comprehensive Pain Evaluation Questionnaire: Characteristics and Functional Status of Patients on Entry to a Tertiary Care Pain Clinic." Pain Research and Management 17, no. 2 (2012): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/297630.
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BACKGROUND: With increasing knowledge of chronic pain, clinicians have attempted to assess chronic pain patients with lengthy assessment tools.OBJECTIVES: To describe the functional and emotional status of patients presenting to a tertiary care pain clinic; to assess the reliability and validity of a diagnostic classification system for chronic pain patients modelled after the Multidimensional Pain Inventory; to provide psychometric data on a modified Comprehensive Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (CPEQ); and to evaluate the relationship between the modified CPEQ construct scores and clusters withDiagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition – Text RevisionPain Disorder diagnoses.METHODS: Data on 300 new patients over the course of nine months were collected using standardized assessment procedures plus a modified CPEQ at the Comprehensive Pain Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario.RESULTS: Cluster analysis of the modified CPEQ revealed three patient profiles, labelled Adaptive Copers, Dysfunctional, and Interpersonally Distressed, which closely resembled those previously reported. The distribution of modified CPEQ construct T scores across profile subtypes was similar to that previously reported for the original CPEQ. A novel finding was that of a strong relationship between the modified CPEQ clusters and constructs withDiagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition – Text RevisionPain Disorder diagnoses.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The CPEQ, either the original or modified version, yields reproducible results consistent with the results of other studies. This technique may usefully classify chronic pain patients, but more work is needed to determine the meaning of the CPEQ clusters, what psychological or biomedical variables are associated with CPEQ constructs or clusters, and whether this instrument may assist in treatment planning or predict response to treatment.
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Rabey, Martin, Mark Catley, Kevin Vowles, Damien Appleton, Richard Bennett, and James McAuley. "Development and preliminary validation of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire for Clinicians." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 20, no. 4 (October 25, 2020): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2019-0169.
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AbstractBackground and AimsHigher chronic pain acceptance is associated with lower pain and disability. Clinician beliefs are associated with patients’ beliefs. This study therefore aimed to develop the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire for Clinicians (CPAQ-C) to measure clinicians’ beliefs regarding the importance of levels of acceptance in patients with chronic pain, and to examine the questionnaire’s psychometric properties.MethodsPhase one: the CPAQ-C was adapted from the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire. Data on 162 completed questionnaires were analysed using Rasch analysis. Phase Two: the cohort completed the Healthcare Providers Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale, and the association (Pearson’s correlation co-efficient) between these questionnaires examined to assist CPAQ-C validation. Twenty-four participants completed the CPAQ-C one-week later. Test re-test reliability was examined using intraclass correlation co-efficient (2,1) and standard error of measurement. Phase Three: to examine responsiveness 17 clinicians attending a workshop on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy completed the CPAQ-C before and immediately after the workshop, and six-months later. The Skillings Mack test was used to determine whether CPAQ-C scores differed across different timepoints.ResultsRasch analysis supported two subscales: activity engagement and pain willingness. Five poorly functioning items were excluded. There was good correlation between the CPAQ-C and Healthcare Providers Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (-.54). The CPAQ-C demonstrated good reliability (ICC (2,1): .81; standard error of measurement: 4.76). There was significant improvement in CPAQ-C scores following the workshop (p=<.001).ConclusionsThe CPAQ-C appears a valid, reliable and responsive measure of clinicians’ beliefs regarding the importance of levels of acceptance in patients with chronic pain.ImplicationsWhere the CPAQ-C reveals that clinicians have low perceived levels of importance regarding acceptance in patients with chronic pain those clinicians may benefit from specific education, however, this requires further examination.
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Savi, Monia, Leonardo Bocchi, Stefano Rossi, Caterina Frati, Gallia Graiani, Costanza Lagrasta, Michele Miragoli, et al. "Antiarrhythmic effect of growth factor-supplemented cardiac progenitor cells in chronic infarcted heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 310, no. 11 (June 1, 2016): H1622—H1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00035.2015.
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c-Kitpos cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) represent a successful approach in healing the infarcted heart and rescuing its mechanical function, but electrophysiological consequences are uncertain. CPC mobilization promoted by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and IGF-1 improved electrogenesis in myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that locally delivered CPCs supplemented with HGF + IGF-1 (GFs) can concur in ameliorating electrical stability of the regenerated heart. Adult male Wistar rats (139 rats) with 4-wk-old MI or sham conditions were randomized to receive intramyocardial injection of GFs, CPCs, CPCs + GFs, or vehicle (V). Enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged CPCs were used for cell tracking. Vulnerability to stress-induced arrhythmia was assessed by telemetry-ECG. Basic cardiac electrophysiological properties were examined by epicardial multiple-lead recording. Hemodynamic function was measured invasively. Hearts were subjected to anatomical, morphometric, immunohistochemical, and molecular biology analyses. Compared with V and at variance with individual CPCs, CPCs + GFs approximately halved arrhythmias in all animals, restoring cardiac anisotropy toward sham values. GFs alone reduced arrhythmias by less than CPCs + GFs, prolonging ventricular refractoriness without affecting conduction velocity. Concomitantly, CPCs + GFs reactivated the expression levels of Connexin-43 and Connexin-40 as well as channel proteins of key depolarizing and repolarizing ion currents differently than sole GFs. Mechanical function and anatomical remodeling were equally improved by all regenerative treatments, thus exhibiting a divergent behavior relative to electrical aspects. Conclusively, we provided evidence of distinctive antiarrhythmic action of locally injected GF-supplemented CPCs, likely attributable to retrieval of Connexin-43, Connexin-40, and Cav1.2 expression, favoring intercellular coupling and spread of excitation in mended heart.
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Cesari, Francesca, Patrizia Nencini, Mascia Nesi, Roberto Caporale, Betti Giusti, Rosanna Abbate, Anna Maria Gori, and Domenico Inzitari. "Bone Marrow-Derived Progenitor Cells in the Early Phase of Ischemic Stroke: Relation with Stroke Severity and Discharge Outcome." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 29, no. 12 (September 2, 2009): 1983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2009.178.
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A limited number of studies suggested that in ischemic stroke patients, the number of bone marrow circulating progenitor cells (CPCs), either endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) or CPCs, was negatively correlated with the number of infarcts as well as with the outcome. The aim of this study was to simultaneously measure CPCs and EPCs in the acute phase of ischemic stroke, and to establish whether a relationship exists with stroke severity and discharge outcome. In 67 (40 M; 27 F) ischemic stroke patients with a median age of 73 (21 to 91) years, the number of CPCs and EPCs was measured by flow cytometry and analyzed in relation to baseline NIH Stroke Scale score, ischemic stroke syndromes, and discharge outcome. Patients with partial anterior circulation syndrome showed a higher CPCs’ number with respect to patients with total anterior circulation syndrome. Moreover, a negative relationship between National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at the admission and CPCs number was observed. When the outcome was considered, patients discharged to home had a higher number of CPCs, but not of EPCs, compared with those moved to a rehabilitation unit. We report an association between the number of CPCs measured in the early phase after stroke presentation, neurologic severity, and discharge outcome.
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Cao, Shibo, Xiaoxue Luo, Xiaochun Han, Xiaohui Lu, and Changzhen Zou. "Development of a New Modified CaCl2·6H2O Composite Phase Change Material." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030824.
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CaCl2·6H2O is selected as the original substrate for research, and a new composite phase change material (CPCM) suitable for air-conditioning was developed through experiments. The new modified CaCl2·6H2O CPCM uses glycerol as a temperature regulator and barium hydroxide octahydrate as a nucleating agent. The experimental results show that when the mass ratio of CaCl2·6H2O to glycerol is 85:15, the melting temperature of the CPCM is 11.8 °C and the enthalpy of phase change is 112.86 J/g. The chemical composition of the CPCM was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which confirmed that the material was successfully developed. When the amount of barium hydroxide octahydrate nucleating agent was 1.0 wt.%, the supercooling of the CPCM decreased to 1.22 °C. CPCM still show good stability after 50 thermal cycles and can be used in practical production.
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Hong, Jinsu, Courtney Sellner, and Crystal L. Levesque. "PSVIII-8 Physiological Response of Broiler Chickens Fed Cold-Pressed Canola Cake-Based Diets with Soluble Fiber Source or Feed Additives." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (April 12, 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.303.
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Abstract Effects of soluble fiber source or feed additive supplementation in cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC) containing diets on growth performance, organ weights, and blood thyroid hormones, and pH of digesta of broilers were investigated. A total of 96 one-day-old broilers were assigned to 6 dietary treatments, consisting of 8 cages of 2 birds each. The diets included a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based diet and corn-SBM-CPCC 20% diets without or with barley, acidifier, encapsulated butyric acid, and probiotics. Birds were fed a commercial diet for the first week and fed experimental diets for 2 weeks. Body weight (BW) and feed intake of broilers were measured on d 7 and 21. On d 21, all birds were euthanized to collect samples of blood, organs, and digesta. Collected blood samples were analyzed for serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4), and pH of digesta in gizzard, ileum, ceca, and large intestine was measured. Broilers fed CPCC diet with butyric acid or probiotics had greater (P < 0.05) growth performance than broilers fed CPCC diet. There were no significant differences in relative weights of thyroid glands and liver to BW. Supplementation of either butyric acid or probiotics in CPCC diets reduced (P < 0.05) serum T3 concentration compared with CPCC diet by 34% and 21%, respectively. Also, supplementation of butyric acid in CPCC diet showed no difference in serum T3 concentration compared with corn-SBM diet. Dietary treatments in CPCC diets did not affect pH of digesta in gizzard and ileum, whereas supplementation of barley or acidifier decreased pH of cecal digesta compared with that of broilers fed CPCC diet by 0.5 and 0.51 pH units, respectively. Supplementation of encapsulated butyric acid in the 20% CPCC diet can improve growth performance of broilers by mitigating the toxic effects of dietary CPCC as evidenced by reduced serum T3 concentration.
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Li, Haiqi. "Crisis Pregnancy Centers in Canada and Reproductive Justice Organizations’ Responses." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n2p28.
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The spread of crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) has become an alarming issue in the fields of public health and reproductive justice (RJ) as they impede women’s fully-informed decisions and threaten women’s reproductive autonomy. However, most existing scholarship has only focused on CPCs within the United States; hardly any literature has been devoted to anti-CPC activism. This study contributes to addressing these gaps by adopting a mixed method. The paper first reviews the status quo of U.S. and Canadian CPCs through the existing literature to contextualize my investigation. Then it explores the establishment of individual Canadian CPCs to evaluate whether they are gaining more influence. It also analyzes the presence and absence of information on Canadian anti-CPC activism in the social media of RJ organizations. Finally, it examines the interviews I conducted with Canadian RJ activists to identify the ongoing anti-CPC activism and why some groups do not regard it central to their agenda. Results of this research reveal that CPCs have been continuously expanding in Canada during the past 35 years. Despite realizing their threat, most Canadian RJ groups do not focus their activism on CPCs and instead, concern themselves more with such issues as abortion access owing to their political engagement restriction, as well as their viewpoint that variation among Canadian CPCs and the Canadian liberal political context lessen CPCs’ overall threat. The limited ongoing activism includes lobbying for halting funding for CPCs, revoking their charitable statuses, banning their advertisements, and removing their biased sex education from public schools.
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Yuen, Peter P. "An Asian-Pacific Perspective on Solutions for a More Humanistic, Holistic and Integrated Model of Care." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 14, no. 1 (April 14, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v14i1.209.
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This Special Issue selects papers from the CPCE Health Conference 2019 held at the College of Professional & Continuing Education (CPCE) of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University on 14 January 2019. CPCE is delighted to contribute to this Special Issue of APJHM. CPCE, together with the Hong Kong College of Health Services Executives, have been working together on many fronts with the Australian College of Health Services Management, and this Special Issue is an example of another fruitful collaboration......
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Zhang, Liming, Songbai Liu, and Dongsheng Song. "Effect of the Content of Micro-Active Copper Tailing on the Strength and Pore Structure of Cementitious Materials." Materials 12, no. 11 (June 9, 2019): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111861.
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This study investigates the effect of micr-oaggregate filling with copper tailing on the pore structure of cement paste containing copper tailing (CPCT). The particle size of the CPCT and the pore structure of CPCT were analyzed by laser particle size analysis and mercury instruction porosimetry (MIP). Results showed that at the early stage of curing time, with increasing copper tailing content, the compressive strength of cement mortar with copper tailing (CMCT) was lower, and the porosity and pore diameter of CPCT were higher and greater; with the extension of curing age, when the content of copper tailing was less than 30%, the compressive strength of CMCT and the porosity of CPCT changed slightly with the increase of the content of copper tailing. However, the maximum hole diameter of CPCT decreased gradually (a curing age between 7 d and 365 d under standard conditions). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that at the early stage of cement hydration in the CPCT, the copper tailing did not fill the pores in CPCT well, while in the later stage of cement hydration, the microaggregates of copper tailing filled the pores well and closely combined with the surrounding hydration products. In the later stage of cement hydration, the microaggregate filling of copper tailing was primarily responsible for the strength increase of the CMCT.
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Vale, Rafael Staparo, Jorge Herculano de Oliveira, Leonardo Moraes Armesto, and Ramoel Serafini. "CONCRETO PERMEÁVEL DE CIMENTO PORTLAND: PERMEABILIDADE E RESISTÊNCIA À COMPRESSÃO." Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação 8, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.51891/rease.v8i4.5054.
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O concreto permeável de cimento Portland (CPCP) é um material cimentício capaz de trazer benefícios em termos de drenagem urbana devido à sua maior permeabilidade. O uso do CPCP pode mitigar os danos à propriedade privada, reduzir o risco de doenças e até mesmo evitar vítimas relacionadas a enchentes urbanas. Do ponto de vista ambiental, o uso do CPCP reduz o escoamento de água da chuva, o que permite filtrar a poluição causada por óleos, fluidos de automóveis e outras substâncias encontradas na pavimentação urbana. Os aspectos mencionados fazem do CPCP uma solução alternativa para abordar as questões relacionadas à drenagem urbana de forma ambientalmente e economicamente adequadas. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta as vantagens e desvantagens do CPCP, bem como uma campanha experimental voltada para avaliação da permeabilidade e resistência à compressão do material. Os resultados mostram que o CPCP é uma alternativa adequada para o gerenciamento da drenagem urbana, embora o aumento da permeabilidade resulte em um material cimentício com propriedades mecânicas reduzidas. O uso do CPCP pode minimizar os problemas ambientais decorrentes da impermeabilidade do solo causada pelos métodos convencionais de pavimentação, o que facilita o acesso da água aos aquíferos. Portanto, os resultados mostram a possibilidade de empregar o CPCP como solução para a drenagem urbana pelo aumento da permeabilidade do pavimento.
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Wang, Jinmei, Yuan Lu, Pengpeng Cheng, Chuyue Zhang, Lan Tang, Lihua Du, Jinghua Li, and Zhimin Ou. "Construction of Bi-Enzyme Self-Assembly Clusters Based on SpyCatcher/SpyTag for the Efficient Biosynthesis of (R)-Ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyrate." Biomolecules 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13010091.
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Cascade reactions catalyzed by multi-enzyme systems are important in science and industry and can be used to synthesize drugs and nutrients. In this study, two types of macromolecules of bi-enzyme self-assembly clusters (BESCs) consisting of carbonyl reductase (CpCR) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) were examined. Stereoselective CpCR and GDH were successfully fused with SpyCatcher and SpyTag, respectively, to obtain four enzyme modules, namely: SpyCatcher-CpCR, SpyCatcher-GDH, SpyTag-CpCR, and SpyTag-GDH, which were covalently coupled in vitro to form two types of hydrogel-like BESCs: CpCR-SpyCatcher-SpyTag-GDH and GDH-SpyCatcher-SpyTag-CpCR. CpCR-SpyCatcher-SpyTag-GDH showed a better activity and efficiently converted ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate (OPBE) to ethyl(R)2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoate ((R)-HPBE), while regenerating NADPH. At 30 °C and pH 7, the conversion rate of OPBE with CpCR-SpyCatcher-SpyTag-GDH as a catalyst reached 99.9%, with the ee% of (R)-HPBE reaching above 99.9%. This conversion rate was 2.4 times higher than that obtained with the free bi-enzyme. The pH tolerance and temperature stability of the BESCs were also improved compared with those of the free enzymes. In conclusion, bi-enzyme assemblies were docked using SpyCatcher/SpyTag to produce BESCs with a special structure and excellent catalytic activity, improving the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme.
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Tang, Feng, and Run Sheng Tang. "Optical Losses through Gaps of CPCs with One-Sided Flat Absorber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.46.
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In this work, the angular dependence of optical losses through gaps, constructed by truncating reflectors near the absorbers, of CPCs with one-sided flat absorber was presented, and the annul radiation loss through gaps of east-west aligned CPCs is theoretically investigated. Results show that the optical losses are mainly resulted from direct radiation loss through gaps due to direct irradiation on gaps, and the loss of radiation that arrive on gaps from reflectors after multiple reflections is considerable small and can be neglected in solar calculations especially for truncated CPCs. Results also show that the annual direct radiation loss is dependent on geometric parameters of CPCs but seems independent on solar resource in sites where CPCs are used, and the annual radiation loss of full CPCs oriented in east-west direction with the tilt-angle of aperture being yearly fixed is almost identical to average optical loss of the CPC over its acceptance angle.
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Manen, J. F. "The cpcB--cpcA locus as a tool for the genetic characterization of the genus Arthrospira (Cyanobacteria): evidence for horizontal transfer." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY 52, no. 3 (May 1, 2002): 861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.01981-0.
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