To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: COWs.
Journal articles on the topic 'COWs'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'COWs.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Sintya Kumalasari Wibowo, Pudji Srianto, Dian Ayu Permatasari, Dadik Raharjo, Rimayanti, and Erma Safitri. "Friesian Holstein (FH) Dairy Cows Milk Quality that Experienced Repeated Breeding in Sendang District, Tulungagung Regency." Jurnal Agro Veteriner 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2024): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/agrovet.v7i2.57624.
Full textAbstract:
This study observe the milk quality decrease in Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cows that experience repeated breeding (repeat breedings) at KUD Tani Wilis Sendang Tulungagung when viewed from density, fat content, Total Solid (TS), and Solid Non Fat (SNF). The milk samples to be used in this study were 32 with a ratio of 10 normal cow's milk samples as a control. The milk sample was examined using a lactoscan. The data obtained were analyzed using the Independent T-Test test. The results of the repeat breeding cow's milk samples for specific gravity, fat content, and Total Solids (TS) showed a significant difference (p <0.05) between the treatment group and the control of normal cow's milk. Samples of repeat breeding cow's milk on Solid Non Fat (SNF) showed that it was not significantly different (p>0.05). The average specific gravity of repeat breeding cows was 1.0282 and that of normal cow's milk was 1.0260, which means that there is an increase in repeat breeding cow's milk when compared to normal cow's milk. The fat content of repeat breeding cows was 1.08% and that of normal cows was 4.18%. Total Solid (TS) of repeat breeding cows was 9.38% and normal cows was 12.73%.
2
Hasegawa, K., S. Takahashi, S. Akagi, K. Takeda, K. Imai, M. Shimizu, T. Okazaki, S. Abe, and Y. Izaike. "39 BOVINE SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER USING CUMULUS - OOCYTE COMPLEXES COLLECTED FROM THE IDENTICAL INDIVIDUAL BY OVUM PICKUP." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab39.
Full textAbstract:
We previously produced a cloned calf by nuclear transfer (NT) using cumulus cells removed from cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) after IVM. If both cumulus cells and oocytes are obtained identically and individually, and can be used simultaneously for NT, the production of cloned cows will be more expedient. And the cloned offspring produced from them will not exhibit the heteroplasmic mixed mtDNAs of donor cells and recipient oocytes. In this study, we examined the developmental potential of NT embryos using cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) collected from cows individually by ovum pickup (OPU). The cumulus cells were removed from COCs after IVM. The cumulus cells and cumulus-free MII oocytes derived from the same cow were used as donor nuclei and recipient oocytes, respectively. NT was performed as previously described (Akagi et al. 2003 Clon Stem Cells 5, 101–108). In Experiment 1, we examined the in vitro development of NT embryos using COCs collected by OPU. The aspiration of the follicles was performed once a week consecutively for 6 weeks in 6 cows (Cows A, B, C, D, E, and F) without hormone stimulation. In Experiment 2, we examined fetal development after the transfer of NT embryos. A Japanese black cow (Cow G) was used for OPU. On Day 7, 13 NT blastocysts were transferred to 7 recipient cows. The mtDNA genotypes of the donor cow and the cloned calf were analyzed by PCR-mediated single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis as previously described (Takeda et al. 2003 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 64, 429–437). The results of Experiment 1 are summarized in Table 1. Fusion rates did not differ among individual cows. However, the developmental rates of NT embryos at the blastocyst stage varied widely among individual cows, with a range of 19 to 64%. In Experiment 2, 2 of 7 recipient cows became pregnant on Day 30. One pregnant cow aborted on Day 60, and another cow calved a healthy calf. The mtDNA genotype of the cloned calf was confirmed to be identical with that of the donor cow. These results indicate that COCs from an identical individual can be used as donor nuclei and recipient oocytes for NT in order to produce female clones with the same mtDNA as that of the donor cow. Table 1.In vitro development of NT embryos using COCs collected by OPU
3
Soonberg, Maria, Tanel Kaart, and David Richard Arney. "How does changing the feeding bin affect cows’ behaviour?" Journal of Dairy Research 86, no. 1 (February 2019): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029919000050.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn a system in which cows are grouped and given differential access to feeding bins with different rations, and where these groups change over time, it is important to find out how a change in the ration (and hence feeding bin) affects the cow's feeding behaviour. Monitoring the locomotion of cows can be used to predict oestrus and improve health (lameness diagnosis), but activity monitors can also be used to estimate both activity and numbers of feeding visits by cows. Ice tag activity monitors were attached to the right hind legs of ten cows. Walking, standing, lying data and health records were used to record changes before and after a change in each cow's feeding bin. Results comparing activity before and after feeding bin change revealed significant increases in motion index, number of steps taken per minute and number of lying bouts per minute (all P < 0.001). Comparing the behaviours of cows subsequently followed during the dry period showed significant differences in motion indices and number of steps taken per minute (P < 0.001) in the dry period. The results indicate that cows are affected by feeding bin change and group change, which can lead to an increase in behaviour associated with the stress response, especially in heifers.
4
Chalmers, J. S., R. F. Veerkamp, H. Parkinson, R. McGinn, G. Simm, and J. D. Oldham. "Genotype by diet and lactation interactions for yield, dry matter intake, condition score and liveweight in dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1997 (1997): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200594800.
Full textAbstract:
Performance characteristics of high genetic merit cows on different feeding systems are not only important to establish the biological and economic consequences of current genetic selection practices, but can be used also to establish ‘standards’ which will be helpful to people who want to develop breeding, management or feeding strategies for high genetic merit cows. Whereas the performance of high and average genetic merit cows on two different feeding systems has been presented before (Veerkamp et al. 1995), the aim of this study is to define if some of the advantages of high genetic merit cows persist throughout the first three lactations of a cow's lifetime.
5
Poulton, P. J. "Clinical findings from 218 downer cow cases in dairy cows from Gippsland, Australia." Livestock 25, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2020.25.2.66.
Full textAbstract:
218 downer dairy cow cases under commercial farming operations in South Gippsland, Australia were investigated. The likely cause of the initial recumbency, evidence of secondary damage and the conditions under which they were cared for were recorded to analyse the relationships between primary cause, secondary damage, nursing care and outcome. 69 (32%) cows eventually recovered and of the 149 (68%) cows that did not recover it was judged by the researcher that 108 (72%) cows did not recover solely from the secondary damage that they sustained after becoming recumbent. ‘Clinically important’ secondary damage was recorded in 173 (79%) cows, which increased the risk of non-recovery by approximately three times (RR=3.33; 95% CI 2.36–4.68). 151 (69%) cows had been nursed ‘satisfactorily’ and 67 (31%) cows were nursed ‘unsatisfactorily’. The relative risk of developing clinically important secondary damage for cows nursed ‘unsatisfactorily’ was 1.23 (95% CI 1.09-1.38) and for non-recovery was approximately sevenfold greater (RR=7.21; 95% CI 2.74–18.98) when compared with those cows nursed ‘satisfactorily’. When veterinarians attend downer cows it is important that they carefully look for secondary damage and actively engage in the cow's nursing care rather than just focusing on the primary cause of the recumbency.
6
Steensels, Machteld, Ephraim Maltz, Claudia Bahr, Daniel Berckmans, Aharon Antler, and Ilan Halachmi. "Towards practical application of sensors for monitoring animal health: the effect of post-calving health problems on rumination duration, activity and milk yield." Journal of Dairy Research 84, no. 2 (May 2017): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029917000176.
Full textAbstract:
Three sources of sensory data: cow's individual rumination duration, activity and milk yield were evaluated as possible indicators for clinical diagnosis, focusing on post-calving health problems such as ketosis and metritis. Data were collected from a computerised dairy-management system on a commercial dairy farm with Israeli Holstein cows. In the analysis, 300 healthy and 403 sick multiparous cows were studied during the first 3 weeks after calving. A mixed model with repeated measurements was used to compare healthy cows with sick cows. In the period from 5 d before diagnosis and treatment to 2 d after it, rumination duration and activity were lower in the sick cows compared to healthy cows. The milk yield of sick cows was lower than that of the healthy cows during a period lasting from 5 d before until 5 d after the day of diagnosis and treatment. Differences in the milk yield of sick cows compared with healthy cows became greater from 5 to 1 d before diagnosis and treatment. The greatest significant differences occurred 3 d before diagnosis for rumination duration and 1 d before diagnosis for activity and milk yield. These results indicate that a model can be developed to automatically detect post-calving health problems including ketosis and metritis, based on rumination duration, activity and milk yield.
7
P, Matubber, Sarker A, Roy A, Biswas D, and Paul AK. "Effects of ovarian phase on oocyte quality in cows." Bangladesh Veterinarian 40, no. 1-2 (January 24, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v40i1-2.71112.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of ovarian phase on oocyte quality in slaughterhouse material of cows was studied. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from all visible follicles. COCs were graded on the number and intensity of the cumulus cells and the homogeneity of the ooplasm as A (4 – 5 layers compact cumulus with a homogeneous ooplasm), B (1 - 2 layers compact cumulus with homogeneous ooplasm having a coarse appearance), C (slightly expanded cumulus with irregular cluster ooplasm), and D (denuded oocyte or expanded cumulus, irregular ooplasm). The overall aspiration rate of COCs was 37.2%. The aspiration rate was significantly higher (P<005) in follicular (41.2%) than in luteal phase (28.6%). The percentage of grade A and B oocytes was significantly (P<005) higher in the follicular phase (20.4 and 28.6%) than luteal phase (11.1 and 22.2%). The proportion of grade A COCs in the indigenous cows was significantly (P<005) higher (29.0%) than in crossbred cows (8.3%). Ovaries with diameter of 2.0 cm or more had higher proportion (P<005) of grade A and B COCs than others. It is suggested that follicular phase of the sexual cycle had significant effect on COCs quality.
Bangl. vet. 2023. Vol. 40, No. 1-2, 1–7
8
Pacheco, Rangel F., Andrei R. Mayer, Marcos A. B. Vaz, Luciana Pötter, Jonatas Cattelam, Álisson M. Callegaro, Luiz Angelo D. Pizzuti, Ivan L. Brondani, Dari C. Alves Filho, and Paulo S. Pacheco. "Qualitative characteristics of meat from cull cows of different genotypes and age class slaughter under different finishing systems: a meta-analytic approach." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, no. 2 (June 2015): 1083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140353.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to evaluate, by meta-analysis, the quality of the meat of the cows according to genotype, termination system and age class slaughter. During an online research were identified 15 articles with information related to meat quality of slaughtered cows. The data were grouped according of the genotype of cows being: zebu or continental defined, crossed zebu x british or zebu x continental; according to termination system: feedlot or grassland; according to age of slaughter, where: up to 4 years old (young), 4-8 years old (adult) or more than 8 years old (old). The meat of the continental crossbred cows was softer than the other genotypes, both panel of evaluators and by Shear. The meat of cows finished in feedlot showed higher marbling degree in relation to meat of females finished on grassland. The reduction of the slaughter age of cows improved the meat color. The cow's genotype affects the organoleptic aspects of meat while the finished system and slaughter age affects the sensory aspects of meat.
9
Deniz, Matheus, Karolini Tenffen de Sousa, Isabelle Cordova Gomes, Marcos Martinez do Vale, and João Ricardo Dittrich. "Classification of environmental factors potentially motivating for dairy cows to access shade." Journal of Dairy Research 88, no. 3 (July 9, 2021): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029921000509.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe aim of this Research Communication was to apply the data mining technique to classify which environmental factors have the potential to motivate dairy cows to access natural shade. We defined two different areas at the silvopastoral system: shaded and sunny. Environmental factors and the frequency that dairy cows used each area were measured during four days, for 8 h each day. The shaded areas were the most used by dairy cows and presented the lowest mean values of all environmental factors. Solar radiation was the environmental factor with most potential to classify the dairy cow's decision to access shaded areas. Data mining is a machine learning technique with great potential to characterize the influence of the thermal environment in the cows' decision at the pasture.
10
Brodziak, Aneta, Joanna Barłowska, Jolanta Król, and Zygmunt Litwińczuk. "Effect of Breed and Feeding System on Content of Selected Whey Proteins in Cow's Milk in Spring-Summer and Autumn-Winter Seasons." Annals of Animal Science 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10220-012-0022-6.
Full textAbstract:
Effect of Breed and Feeding System on Content of Selected Whey Proteins in Cow's Milk in Spring-Summer and Autumn-Winter SeasonsThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breed and feeding system on the content of selected whey proteins in cow's milk collected in the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods. A total of 2,278 milk samples from Black- and Red-and-White variety of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows and Simmental and Jersey cows were examined. In each sample the content of selected whey proteins, i.e. alpha-LA, beta-LG, lactoferrin, BSA and lysozyme, was analysed by RP-HPLC method. Evaluation of the simultaneous effect of breed and production season on whey protein content showed significant interactions (P≤0.05 and P≤0.01) for all analysed whey proteins. The milk of Simmental cows kept in the conventional system was characterized by a higher content of whey proteins (with the exception of BSA), in comparison to the cows managed under TMR system. Furthermore, for most of the evaluated components, except the content of BSA and lysozyme and the alpha-LA/beta-LG ratio, the simultaneous effect of feeding system and production season was also found.
11
Rahmadiati, Oriza Cahya, Siti Eliana Rochmi, M. Gandul Atik Yuliani, Anwar Ma'ruf, Miyayu Soneta Sofyan, Agung Budianto Achmad, and Dony Chrismanto. "Quality and Quantity of Dairy Cow Milk Production in View of Differences in Concentrate Use at KUD Kertajaya Kandangan, Kediri Regency, East Java." Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/javest.v4.i1.2023.11-14.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Differences in the use of concentrates in dairy cows cause differences in the quantity and quality of milk produced. Purpose: To compare the quality and quantity of milk between dairy cows fed concentrate A and concentrate B. Methods: This observation was carried out at KUD Kertajaya Kandangan Kediri using 40 cows with a ratio of 20 dairy cows fed concentrate A and 20 cows dairy cows fed concentrate B. The quality of cow's milk samples was tested using a lactoscan machine, and then the quantity was measured at the time of milking using a scaled milk can. Results: The results showed that the quality of dairy cows fed with concentrate A had an average pH of 6.495±0.176, milk specific gravity of 1,0241±0.0004 g/ml, a fat content of 5,241±2.614%, protein of 3,335±0.294%, non-solid fat of 8.542±0.518% and total solid of 13.707±2.612% with an average milk yield of 15.7±2.273 liters per day while the quality of dairy cows fed with concentrate B had an average pH of 6.425±0.102, milk Specific Gravity of 1,0244±0.0005 g/ml, Fat Content of 6,447±2.621%, Protein of 3.284±0.213%, non-solid fat of 9.134±0.6313% and total solid of 15.459±2.752%% with the average milk produced is 15.5±2.140 liters per day. Conclusion: The quality and quantity of milk of dairy cows fed concentrates A and B have a noticeable difference (P<0.05) in terms of solid nonfat (SNF) and total solids. Concentrate B has a higher percentage of solid nonfat and total solid than concentrate A.
12
James-French, Dayv. "Cows." Antioch Review 46, no. 3 (1988): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4611903.
Full text
13
Flusser, Vilém. "Cows." Philosophy of Photography 2, no. 2 (July 17, 2012): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pop.2.2.244_7.
Full text
14
Khmelnychyi, L., E. Samokhina, S. Khmelnychyi, and B. Karpenko. "Linear type traits that characterize body development as the predictors of lifetime of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy and Holstein cows." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 1(178) (May 25, 2023): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2023-178-1-19-28.
Full textAbstract:
The researches were conducted in the aspect of studying the problem of dairy cows lifetime depending on the linear traits assessment of the conformation type. By the linear classification method were estimated firstborn cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy (UBWD) and Holstein (H) breeds. Descriptive traits of the conformation that characterize the overall body structure were studied: chest width, body depth, angularity, body condition, rear width and position. According to the research results, the relative variability of the descriptive type traits assessment with cow's lifetime was determined. The relative variability of chest width and cow's lifetime was curvilinear. Cows for chest width assessment of 4–7 score had a higher lifespan with a variability of 2704–2844 (UBWD) and 2688–2789 (H) days. The highest lifetime was in animals with an assessment for body depth development of 6-9 score with an unreliable predominance of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed cows, with the highest grades of both breeds 2824 (UBWD) and 2802 (H) days with an assessment of 9 score. Animals with an optimal angularity estimation of 5 score differed, lived the longest – 2842 (UBWD) and 2828 (H) days, while with increasing and decreasing score for this trait, the number of lifetime days of cows declined. According to the rump width assessment, lifespan was highest in cows with a 9 score – 2766 days (UBWD) and 2832 days (H). Cows of UBWD with the highest assessment for this body part development of 9 score were used on 592 (P <0.001), and Holstein on 708 (P <0.001) days longer compared to animals with 1 score. The maximum lifetime of animals with an average assessment for body condition of 5 score was 2842 (UBWD) and 2774 (H) days. Cows with body condition score below average lived and were used in the herd much longer than with a higher one. The degree of relationship variability between the assessment of these traits and the lifetime of animals depended on the specific body part. Key words: Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, Holstein, linear type traits, lifetime.
15
Baker, Ann Eileen Miller, and George E. Seidel. "Why do cows mount other cows?" Applied Animal Behaviour Science 13, no. 3 (January 1985): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(85)90047-4.
Full text
16
Girmay, Weldemelak, Getachew Gugsa, Habtamu Taddele, Yisehak Tsegaye, Nesibu Awol, Meselu Ahmed, and Aklilu Feleke. "Isolation and Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Milk in Shire Dairy Farms, Tigray, Ethiopia." Veterinary Medicine International 2020 (August 15, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8833973.
Full textAbstract:
Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates pose a severe challenge to both veterinary and health professions and dairy cattle producers. Cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to May 2015 to isolate and identify S. aureus from mastitic cows’ milk and estimate the occurrence of MRSA in the dairy farms of Shire. Physical examination and California mastitis test were performed on a total of 220 dairy cows. Bacteriological isolation and identification and antibiogram testing were performed. Furthermore, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for the detection of mec A and fem A genes. Out of the 220 dairy cows, 64 (29.09%) were positive for bovine mastitis, and of these, 32.81% were coagulase-positive S. aureus (CoPS). Antibiogram test results showed 100% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin G, nalidixic acid, and ampicillin, and 33.33% of the CoPS showed resistance to oxacillin (phenotypically MRSA positive). But 38.09% of the CoPS were found to be resistant and susceptible to vancomycin. PCR amplification of the seven phenotypically MRSA isolates revealed that 42.9% and 71.4% of them were found to carry fem A and mec A genes, respectively. The current study revealed the existence of alarming level of CoPS and development of multidrug resistance.
17
Mattachini, Gabriele, Luciana Bava, Anna Sandrucci, Alberto Tamburini, Elisabetta Riva, and Giorgio Provolo. "Effects of feed delivery frequency in different environmental conditions on time budget of lactating dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Research 84, no. 3 (August 2017): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029917000310.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to examine the influence of feed delivery frequency and environmental conditions on daily time budget of lactating dairy cows. The study was carried out in two commercial dairy farms with Holstein herds. Fifty lactating dairy cows milked in automatic milking units (AMS farm) and 96 primiparous lactating dairy cows milked in a conventional milking parlour (conventional farm) were exposed to different frequencies of feed delivery replicated in different periods of the year (warm and mild) that were characterized by different temperature-humidity indices (THI). On each farm, feeding treatments consisted of two different feed delivery frequencies (1× and 2× on the AMS farm; 2× and 3× on the conventional farm). All behaviours of the cows were monitored for the last 8 d of each treatment period using continuous video recording. The two data sets from different farm systems were considered separately for analysis. On both farms, environmental conditions expressed as THI affected time budgets and the pattern of the behavioural indices throughout the day. The variation in the frequency of feed delivery seems to affect the cow's time budget only in a limited way. Standing time of cows on the conventional farm and the time spent by cows in the milking waiting area on the AMS farm both increased in response to increased feeding frequency. Although feed delivery frequency showed limited influence on cow's time budget, the effect on standing time could be carefully considered, especially on farms equipped with AMS where the type of cow traffic system (e.g., milking first) might amplify the negative consequences of more frequent feed delivery. Further investigations are required to evaluate the effect of THI and feed delivery frequency on other aspects of behavioural activity.
18
Sawa, A., M. Bogucki, and M. Głowska. "Effect of single and multiple pregnancies on performance of primiparous and multiparous cows." Archives Animal Breeding 58, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-43-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Data on 393 002 parturitions and performance in the following production cycle were collected from the SYMLEK database for 145 457 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows representing the active population in the Pomorze and Kujawy regions. The animals first calved during 2000–2012 and were used or culled by the end of 2013. GLM and FREQ procedures of the SAS package were used for the statistical calculations. The frequency of twin and triplet births depended on the cow's age (0.64% in primiparous and 2.88% in multiparous cows), calving season (1.79% in winter, 2.41% in summer), previous lactation milk yield (increase of 2.15 to 3.73% with increasing milk production level), and year of calving of primiparous cows (increase from 0.43% during 2000–2003 to 0.78% during 2010–2012). Dams of twins were superior to dams of singles in terms of milk yield, but a significant difference was manifest only in multiparous cows. Despite the higher perinatal mortality of the twins and triplets (especially those born to primiparous cows), multiple pregnancy resulted in a greater number of calves born compared to single pregnancy. A negative effect of multiple pregnancies was a decrease in fertility, especially in multiparous cows (e.g. calving interval was longer by 18 days, reproductive rest period by 9 days, and service period by 10 days, while services per conception increased by 0.15). In addition, twin pregnancy (especially in heifers) and triplet pregnancy (especially in cows) considerably decreased chance of survival until the next calving.
19
Rapp, Delphine, Colleen M. Ross, Eve J. Pleydell, and Richard W. Muirhead. "Differences in the Fecal Concentrations and Genetic Diversities of Campylobacter jejuni Populations among Individual Cows in Two Dairy Herds." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 21 (August 17, 2012): 7564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01783-12.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTDairy cows have been identified as common carriers ofCampylobacter jejuni, which causes many of the human gastroenteritis cases reported worldwide. To design on-farm management practices that control the human infection sourced from dairy cows, the first step is to acquire an understanding of the excretion patterns of the cow reservoir. We monitored the same 35 cows from two dairy farms forC. jejuniexcretion fortnightly for up to 12 months. The objective was to examine the concentration ofC. jejuniand assess the genetic relationship of theC. jejunipopulations excreted by individual cows. Significant differences (P< 0.01) inC. jejunifecal concentration were observed among the 35 cows, with median concentrations that varied by up to 3.6 log10· g−1feces. A total of 36 different genotypes were identified from the 514 positive samples by using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. Although 22 of these genotypes were excreted by more than one cow, the analysis of frequencies and distribution of the genotypes by model-based statistics revealed a high degree of individuality in theC. jejunipopulation in each cow. The observed variation in the frequency of excretion of a genotype among cows and the analysis by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of these genotypes suggest that excretion ofC. jejuniin high numbers is due to a successful adaptation of a particular genotype to a particular cow's gut environment, but that animal-related factors render some individual cows resistant to colonization by particular genotypes. The reasons for differences inC. jejunicolonization of animals warrant further investigation.
20
Debrecéni, Ondrej, Z. Janesová, Vladimir Zimmermann, and A. Copík. "Exploitation of the nurse cows for meat production on dairy farms: Ethological aspects." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 24, no. 1-2 (2008): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0802017d.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate nurse cow's behavior during the calves rearing. The experimental group consisted of five Holstein - Friesian nurse cows. The experiment takes 10 weeks of each circle. The calves were allotted to the nurse cows immediately after calving in the first circles. In the first circle was used 1 own calf and 2 foster calves in comparison with the second circle where were 3 foster calves. The calves were with nurse cows in the separate 'habitual pen' during the first week of rearing. We made 24 hours lasting etiological observations. During etiological observation we evaluated the following activities: 'Lying', 'Eating', 'Standing', 'Walking', 'Drinking', 'Licking calf', 'Standing and bellowing', 'Smelling calf', 'Sucking' and 'Head knocking'. Our results show that the activity of 'standing and bellowing' did not occur in the first circle in comparison with the volume 57,40 minutes in the second circle. These findings indicate that the nurse cows have more willingly accepted the calves in the first circle.
21
Estiwati, Uliya, and Didik Nugraha. "Upaya Pemerataan Inseminasi Buatan pada Ternak Sapi di Kelurahan Laweyan Kota Surakarta." Nuras : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 3, no. 3 (July 6, 2023): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/nuras.v3i3.202.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this community service activity is to equalize artificial insemination in cattle in Laweyan Village, Surakarta City. While the results obtained from this activity are if the government does free artificial insemination in Laweyan Village, it will further improve the economy of cattle breeders in Laweyan Village and increase the population of cross-breeding cattle in Laweyan Village. The artificial insemination program was carried out in Laweyan Sub-District, with 20 cattle breeders and 60 cows. In this activity, the implementation team carried out several activities to carry out the artificial insemination program. The number of female cows in all breeders is 60 cows, out of 60 cows we give the first hormone injection simultaneously within 1 day, after that we wait for the cows to go into heat for 11-12 days if there is no heat for 11-12 days we do the second injection, after that we wait for the cows to go into heat for 2-3 days, when the cows go into heat we wait for the right time to be artificially inseminated, then the heat for adult cows is 17 days .8 hours with a range of 2.4-28 hours while for heifers it is 15.3 hours, all activities take place according to directions from the local inseminator and veterinarian. If the farmer's cow starts to go into heat, we and the inseminator and the veterinarian perform artificial insemination, the success of artificial insemination can be determined by observing the cow's estrus cycle 21 days after the artificial insemination is carried out and the cow does not experience the first estrus, and also does not experience the second estrous cycle, then the cow is declared pregnant at 42 days. The number of 60 cows that received artificial insemination injections, the percentage of successful artificial insemination injections of all cows was 65%, it can be said that the artificial insemination injections that were carried out were successful.
22
TYLER, JEFF W., BARRY J. STEEVENS, JULIE M. HOLLE, SEAN M. CROUCHER, and KERRI L. ANDERSON. "Modification of postmilking standing time by altering feed availability." Journal of Dairy Research 65, no. 4 (November 1998): 681–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029998003082.
Full textAbstract:
Control of environmental mastitis remains a problem on many modern dairy farms. These infections are often transmitted between milkings, and milking hygiene will not prevent new infection. Consequently, the control of environmental mastitis has prompted dairy managers to develop new approaches that either limit bacterial contamination of teat ends between milkings or directly increase the cow's resistance to infection. Intervention strategies that may decrease the incidence of environmental mastitis include improved sanitation of housing areas, decreased water use in udder preparation, optimal dietary concentrations of vitamin E and selenium, and use of R-mutant vaccines (Smith et al. 1984, 1985; Weiss et al. 1990; Smith & Hogan, 1993; Tyler et al. 1993).Dairy managers are encouraged to provide cows with clean, fresh, palatable feed immediately after milking. This practice is thought to provide cows with an incentive to remain standing for an extended interval, permit teat sphincters to close, and limit teat end contamination and new infections when cows lie down. In one recent study, cows that had access to feed remained standing for a significantly longer time than did cows that were denied access to feed (48 v. 21 min; Tyler et al. 1997). The purpose of the present study was to substantiate that feed availability could be used to extend postmilking standing time in a larger population of cows maintained under different management conditions.
23
Papusha, N. V., N. N. Bermagambetova, B. Zh Kubekova, M. N. Smailova, and V. I. Kosilov. "Optimization of dairy cows diets for crude protein." Agrarian science, no. 11 (November 25, 2023): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-46-53.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of the composition of the diet on the productive indicators of cows, in particular on the chemical composition of milk, is analyzed. A reduction in the supply of succulent feed to 46.6% of the total energy nutrition and an increase in the proportion of concentrates (up to 53.4% of the exchange energy) for dairy cows were unacceptable. During the study, the level of milk productivity of black-andwhite cows increased very slightly – by 0.7 kg head /day. It is possible that in the first days of the change of the cow's diet, the total gross milk yield increases, but this period does not last long, and soon cows with acidosis and other metabolic disorders appear on the farm. The increase in the level of concentrated feed in the farm negatively affected the physico-chemical composition of milk, which became unsorted. A negative consequence of the change in the diet of cows was a deterioration in the quality of milk. Thus, the ratio of «fat – protein» has changed in the opposite direction, the urea content has increased (to 48.58–52.97 mg / 100 ml), the titrated acidity of milk has increased (to 19.49–21.04 °T) and the content of somatic cells in milk (to the level of 354.41–450.54 thousand / cm3) in cows of all lactations.
24
Zhuk, Yu V., S. S. Derkach, O. А. Valchuk, and A. M. Shevchenko. "Терапевтична ефективність застосування FORTICEPT UDDER FORTE за маститу у корів." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 82 (November 7, 2017): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8216.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the results of our own research on the therapeutic effectiveness of the use of FORTICEPT UDDER FORTE for post-milk treatment of cows with subclinical mastitis.As is known, one of the reasons for the emergence of mastitis of cows is the lack of proper sanitary-hygienic treatment of breast milk after milking. Taking into consideration the fact after milking, according to various authors, remains open for 30 minutes to 2 hours, it leads to the infection of the mammary gland with the microflora causing its inflammation.The study of the effectiveness of using FORTICEPT UDDER FORTE after milking treatment of cow's doses was performed in comparison with other existing agents: on the basis of chlorhexidine and iodine.The use of FORTICEPT UDDER FORTE for post-milking treatment of cow's dug reduces their incidence by subclinical mastitis by 30–40%.The therapeutic efficacy of using FORTICEPT UDDER FORTE in cows in the first experimental group was 20.1% higher than the other animals (chlorhexidine-based agent) and 13% in the third group (iodine-based).
25
Lamidi, O. S., O. O. Oni, A. M. Adamu, C. B. I. Alawa, and I. A. Adeyinka. "Carcass and non-carcass characteristics of Bunaji (White Fulani) cattle." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 31, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v31i2.1826.
Full textAbstract:
Offal parts and carcass component data from 40 Bunaji bulls bought from open market and culled from the herds were slaughtered for beef at the meat laboratory of the National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) were used to determine the carcass components and Offal yield of bunaji cattle. Dressing percentages of the caule ranges between 53.05±1.44 and 51.03±0.23 for the bulls and cows respectively. The differences were not significant (P>0.05). The bulls have significantly (P<0.05) heavier live weight, carcass weight, quantity of beef and hump muscles than cows. On the average the bulls gave 119.03±3.22kg of beef compared to 110.77±7.22kg of boneless beef produced by the cows. This value represented about 65.55±0.51 and 63.8±1.14% of the carcass weight of the bulls and cows respectively. The bulls have significantly (p<0.05) heavier external offal (54.75±1.72kg) than the cows (43.38±2.44kg). These represented about 17.28±0.23 and 15.28±0.71% of the live weight of the bulls and cow's respectively. The total internal offal (liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lungs, trachea, stomach and intestines) are similar (P<0.05) between the bulls and cows and represented about 5.25±0.15 and 6.75±0.34% of the carcass weight of the bulls and cows respectively. The results of this study show that the File Fulani cattle compared favorably with other African breeds in terms of carcass and non-carcass output. However, a larger proportion of the weight is in the external offal that are nutritionally of low value.
26
TYLER, JEFF W., LARRY K. FOX, STEVEN M. PARISH, JOHN SWAIN, DENNIS L. JOHNSON, HELEN A. GRASSESCHI, and RODERICK GANT. "Effect of feed availability on post-milking standing time in dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Research 64, no. 4 (November 1997): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029997002501.
Full textAbstract:
Control programmes for contagious mastitis pathogens, primarily Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus, consisting of milking hygiene, treatment or isolation of infected cows and post-milking teat disinfection are relatively effective (McDonald, 1970; Natzke, 1977; Fox & Gay, 1993). Similar control programmes are often ineffective in the prevention of intramammary infections caused by environmental bacteria (Eberhart, 1977; Smith et al. 1985; Erskine et al. 1991; Smith & Hogan, 1993). This disparity of success relates to the fact that the principal source of environmental mastitis pathogens is the cow's environment, rather than another cow with an intramammary infection (Eberhart, 1977; Smith et al. 1985). Infections of environmental origin are particularly noteworthy because they may remain common in well managed herds, and these infections often cause severe clinical signs and high case fatality rates (Eberhart, 1977; Smith et al. 1985; Erskine et al. 1991; Smith & Hogan, 1993).Control programmes for environmental mastitis usually include premilking teat disinfection, decreased use of water in udder preparation, increased concentrations of dietary vitamin E and selenium, improved sanitation of the environment and modification of cow behaviour in the post-milking period (Eberhart, 1977; Smith et al. 1984, 1985; Weiss et al. 1990; Erskine et al. 1991; Smith & Hogan, 1993). Environmental infections are thought to result when bacteria lacking specific virulence factors penetrate the teat sphincter (Eberhart et al. 1979; Smith et al. 1985). The bulk of these exposures are thought to occur between milkings. Control of these infections is problematic because the cow's teat sphincter remains open after mechanical milking (McDonald, 1975a). Presumably, cows are predisposed to intramammary infections when the open teat sphincter is exposed when cows lie down. Hence, dairy managers are advised to offer fresh feed to cows immediately after milking to increase the likelihood that the teat sphincter will close at least partly before cows become recumbent.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feed availability on post-milking behaviour in dairy cows. Specifically, the measured dependent variable was the length of time that cows remained standing after leaving the milking parlour.
27
Mbindyo, Christine M., George C. Gitao, Paul Joseph Plummer, Benard W. Kulohoma, Charles M. Mulei, and Rawlynce Bett. "Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Genes of Staphylococci Isolated from Mastitic Cow’s Milk in Kenya." Antibiotics 10, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070772.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing numbers of potentially zoonotic multidrug-resistant (MDR) staphylococci strains, associated with mastitis in dairy cows, are being reported globally and threaten disease management in both animal and human health. However, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of these strains, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), in Kenya is not well known. This study investigated the drug resistance profiles and genes carried by 183 staphylococci isolates from 142 dairy cows representing 93 farms recovered from mastitis milk of dairy cows in two selected counties in Kenya. Staphylococci isolates were characterized by phenotypic characteristics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, partial sequencing and susceptibility testing for 10 antimicrobial drugs. Detection of seven resistance genes to the various antimicrobial drugs was conducted using PCR. Overall, phenotypic resistance among the staphylococci ranged between 66.1% for ampicillin and 3.5% for fluoroquinolones. Twenty-five percent (25%) of S. aureus and 10.8% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates, were methicillin-resistant staphylococci phenotypically (defined as resistance to cefoxitin disk diffusion). The most common genes found in S. aureus and CoNS were blaZ and strB at 44.3% and 26%, and 78% and 50%, respectively. MDR was observed in 29.67% and 16.3% of S. aureus and CoNS, respectively. These findings pose a threat to bovine mastitis treatment and management as well as human health.
28
Lyubimov, Viktor E. "Method of high frequency therapy at cows' mastitis during machine milking." Veterinaria Kubani, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33861/2071-8020-2020-2-9-12.
Full textAbstract:
Health of dairy cows ensures human health, so it is important that dairy products do not contain antibiotics that are used to treat any inflammation, including mastitis. In Russia at present, the problem of mastitis in cows exists with both attached and loose housing of cows. Mastitis of dairy cows are the great problem in milking husbandry. Losses from mastitis in milk yield can reach 15-20%. The main reasons for the occurrence of nonspecific mastitis of cows are the shortcomings of the working components of the milking machine: the degree of deterioration of the nipple rubber and the violation of machine milking technology (the reduction in pre-milking time and vacuum fluctuations account for 70% of all causes). Treatment of mastitis with antibiotics is effective, but not environmentally friendly and unacceptable. For the treatment of inflammation of the udder, it is necessary to use more environmentally friendly methods of treatment, one of which is the exposure to ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field tested by medicine. Use of three types of medical-mobile milking machines with the same method of exposure to ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic fields on cow's nipples through electrodes in milking cups: LPDA-1-UHF, LPDA-2-UHF and LPDA-UHF-30 M, is described in the article. Author proved that cows with subclinical forms of mastitis recovered faster during milking with exposure to the ultrahigh frequency than when treated by antibiotics, and milking with the ultrahigh frequency device helps to recover 82% of the affected quarters with clinical forms and 100% of cows with subclinical forms of mastitis or with udder irritation. The high efficiency of the method of exposure to electromagnetic fields of the ultrahigh frequency during machine milking by means of medical-mobile milking machines LPDA-UHF for the prevention and treatment of mastitis of cows was shown.
29
Rahayu, Ria Sri, and Ari Purno Wahyu Wibowo. "Monitoring cattle farms using Cloud Computing-based Internet of Things (IOT) tools using Artificial Intelligence Methods." Brilliance: Research of Artificial Intelligence 4, no. 1 (April 22, 2024): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/brilliance.v4i1.3736.
Full textAbstract:
Cows are animals valuable commodity and it one of the economic supports for people in animal husbandry and agriculture, cows it selves able to used for meat, there are currently many cattle farms in Indonesia and spread across several regions, the cattle breeding or livestock proses Currently including in two types, farming in cages and farming outside cages, the cows themselves can easily be infected by diseases which spread quickly to other cows, large numbers of cows diasble to monitor because of the limited equipment and number of farmers, the number of cages is flat being far from settlement areas will make the selection process difficult and disable simultaneously. To handle this problem, it can be deal with using sensor devices that are configured with IoT devices. These devices easily monitored health and room temperature which can be used for 24 hours, the results of the data from the temperature sensor are displayed information that represent like dashboard and displays the cow's temperature data in graphical view. The system sets a temperature range of 38.6 - 38.9. If above this temperature the cow is in distemper condition and needs to be quarantined and won’t spread to another cow. This system provide information and make it easier for farmers to supervise their livestock.
30
Laipanov, Begiev, Bittirov, and Begieva. "INFLUENCE OF THE NEW PREPARATION "PRAZINAL F" ON MILK PRODUCTIVITY AND ON THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF COWS OF BLACK-AND-MOTLEY BREED WITH PARAMPHISTOMATOSIS." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.300-307.
Full textAbstract:
The article gives an assessment of the effect of the new complex anthelmintic preparation "Prazinal F" on milk productivity and on the biochemical composition of milk of cows of black and white breeds with paramphistomatosis. Determination of the optimal dose after milking the cows of the black and white breed of the new preparation "Prazinal F" with paramphistomatosis showed that during the second, third, fourth and fifth months of lactation for milk production, the dose of 25 mg / kg of body weight has the most beneficial effect. During the second, third and subsequent months of lactation after prescribing "Prazinal F" in a dose of 25 mg / kg body weight, the milk productivity of the cows of the experimental groups and, especially, of the third group is increased. The cows of the 3rd group in terms of gross milk yield exceeded the cows of the control group infected with paramphistomatosis by 36,0%. In comparison with the control infected group, the difference for the third month of lactation, respectively, was 2.9-3.7-4.5 kg in favor of the experimental groups, 3.0-3.5-4.4 kg for the fourth month and the fifth month – 2,6-3,8-4,6 kg. The use of "Prazinal F" in the paramphistomatosis of cows of black and motley breed at a dose of 25 mg / kg of body weight, once allowed to increase the content of iodine, cobalt, magnesium and iron in milk by 31.7-45.6%. The appointment of the drug "Prazinal F" in the paramphistomatosis of cows of black and motley breed at a dose of 25 mg / kg of body weight, once allowed to increase the production of cow's milk, significantly enriching it with nutrient microelements.
31
Khmelnychyi, Leontiі, Valeriia Pryimachok, Maksym Prokopovych, Serhii Kholod, and Serhii Hryshyn. "DEPENDENCE OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY COWS OF UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED ON GENOTYPIC AND PARATYPIC FACTORS." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Livestock, no. 1(44) (March 29, 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2021.1.3.
Full textAbstract:
Researches to study the milk productivity dependence of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows on genotypic and paratypic factors were conducted in the breeding farm PAE "Piskivske" Bakhmach district of Chernihiv region. The most representative five genotypic groups of animals divided by the conditional share of heredity of Holstein breed were studied: I - livestock with a share of blood 50.01-56.25; II - 56.26-62.50; III - 62.51-75.00 and IV - 75.01-87.50; V - 87.51% and <. By comparing different genotype groups of cows installed dependence of yield amount on conditional share of inheritance Holstein breed. With the growth conditional proportion of Holstein blood, milk yield increased during the evaluated first three and higher lactations. The high and reliable effect was found on the yield amount of cows firstborn by factors of birth ( = 0.329) and calving ( = 0.336). The share of birth and calving season influence on milk yield although insignificant but reliable and amounted to 3.7 and 5.3%, respectively. The value of milk yield of cows firstborn in the controlled herd greatly depended on the sire genotype ( = 0.315), cow's conditional blood by Holstein breed ( = 0.264), father breeding value ( = 0.335) and mother cow's father ( = 0.340), paternal ( = 0.163) and maternal line ( = 0.089). According to research results was substantiated expediency of monitoring selection information, identification and use of animal-specific patterns of leading traits development of milk productivity depending on the geno- and paratypic factors influence in the selection process of pedigree herd formation.
32
Hassan, Laila Khaled, Ahmed Behdal Shazly, Abd El-Kader Mahmoud Kholif, Ahmed Farouk Sayed, and Mahmoud Abd El-Aziz. "Effect of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and soybean (Glycine max) oils in Egyptian lactating buffalo and cow diets on the milk and soft cheese quality." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 42 (January 30, 2020): e47200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.47200.
Full textAbstract:
Produce and compare soft cheese with potential benefits of human health from Egyptian buffalo's and cow's milk was studied. Eight Egyptian lactating buffalos and cows were fed a total mixed ration supplemented with either 0% oil (CD), 2% flaxseed oil (DFO), 2% soybean oil (DSO), or 2% of their mixture (1:1, DFSO) according to a double 4 x 4 Latin Square design. Milk yield was similar between buffalo's diets but was higher in cows fed a DFO, DSO or DFSO resulting in 11.15, 8.21% or 8.97% increases compared with the control diet, respectively. Milk composition was not significantly affected in both buffalos and cows fed diets. The DFO, DSO or DFSO displayed decreased short-chain fatty acids, especially DSO and DFSO (3.73 and 3.33%, respectively) when compared to CD for buffalo milk (6.32%). The DSO and DFSO were more effective for increasing unsaturated fatty acids followed by the DFSO in buffalo's milk fat (42.31 and 41.90 %), whereas DFO and DFSO were more effective in cow's milk fat (39.67 and 39.84%), respectively. DFO, DSO or DFSO had no significant effect on the yield, composition and sensory properties of resultant soft cheese compared to the CD for both lactating cows and buffalos. During storage, a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids enhances protein proteolysis and antioxidant activity of soft cheese during storage compared to the CD especially for soft cheese produced from buffalo's milk.
33
Shazly, Ahmed Behdal, Laila Khaled Hassan, Abd El-Kader Mahmoud Kholif, Ahmed Farouk Sayed, and Mahmoud Abd El-Aziz. "Quality of milk fat obtained from cows and buffaloes fed a diet supplemented with flaxseed or soybean oils." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 45 (December 9, 2022): e58482. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.58482.
Full textAbstract:
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the quality of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) of cows and buffaloes supplemented with flaxseed oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), or their mixture (FSO). Lactating crossbred cows and buffaloes were fed with control diet or with one of three supplements: 2% FO, 2% SO, and 2% FSO according to a double 4 x 4 Latin Square Design. The diets with FO, SO, or FSO reduced saturated FA, mainly C4:0, C14:0 and C16:0, while increased the unsaturated FA C18:1 and C18:2 in milk from cows and buffaloes. Cholesterol content decreased in cow's AMF while increased in buffalo's AMF when a diet supplemented with FO, SO, or FSO. The diet with SO or FSO increased the content of vitamin E in AMF obtained from cows (25.06 and 17.89 mg 100 g-1) and buffaloes (28.48 and 30.32 mg 100 g-1) compared with the control diet (11.02 and 15.68 mg 100 g-1), respectively, which correlated positively with scavenging activity for DPPH• (r2 = 0.66) and ABTS• (r2 = 0.67) radicals. Solid fat content (SFC) was high for cow’s AMF, with 58.12-60.37% at 5°C compared to that of buffalo's AMF, with 52.37-56.98%, but was low for cow's AMF at >15°C. Finally, supplementing a diet with vegetable oils, particularly SO, improves the quality of AMF; increases USFA/SFA ratio, vitamin E content, and antioxidant activities
34
Azra, Emyr Riyanda, Dodon Yendri, and Adrizal. "Rancang Bangun Sistem Analisa Biaya Manfaat Ternak Sapi Berdasarkan Berat Badan Sapi." CHIPSET 4, no. 02 (October 31, 2023): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/chipset.4.02.93-106.2023.
Full textAbstract:
Cattle fattening proccess is very important to increase the weight of cattle before being sold. However, there are many traditional breeders looking for cows that have reached puberty, but the cow's body is still thin. This could be due to the absence of records in monitoring the weight growth of cows so that feeding becomes less precise. Based on these problems, a system was designed that helps farmers in managing their livestock management by recording the progress of each beef cattle that are kept, regulating cattle feeding so that it is more optimal, and knowing the cost benefits of cattle that are kept based on the growth of cow body weight. This system uses two load cells to weigh cows. The weight of the weighed cow can be stored in the web application database. The main function of this system is to be able to calculate and display the cost of benefits of cattle based on the growth of the cow's body weight. Based on the tests carried out, the system can weight cows using two 500kg load cells with an error value of 3.61%. The system can check cow data using keypad input with an average time of 3.99 seconds and store cattle data in the database with an average time of 4.99 seconds. The system can calculate the cost of cow feed needs in one month and income due to changes in cow weight with a 100% success rate.
35
Komine, Ken-ichi, Toshinobu Kuroishi, Yumiko Komine, Kouichi Watanabe, Jin Kobayashi, Takahiro Yamaguchi, Shin-ichi Kamata, and Katsuo Kumagai. "Induction of Nitric Oxide Production Mediated by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha on Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C-Stimulated Bovine Mammary Gland Cells." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11, no. 1 (January 2004): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.11.1.203-210.2004.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Mammary gland (MG) secretions (MGS) derived from secretory cows infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) showed somatic cell counts and lactoferrin similar to levels found in the MGS of secretory cows infected with Staphylococcus aureus. However, nitrite and nitrate (NOx) and staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC) were found in MGS infected with S. aureus at much higher levels than in cows infected with CoNS. These results suggested that NOx could be intimately correlated with the production of SEC in secretory cows infected with S. aureus. Therefore, we examined the production of NOx and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP450) after injection of SEC into the MGS of secretory cows. We were able to detect NOx and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on MG cells of SEC-injected MGS. It was also found that CYP450 in the MG cells from SEC-injected MGS was down-regulated by approximately one-third in comparison with the cells from phosphate-buffered saline-injected MGS. This in vitro system also showed that NOx could be induced in the culture of bovine macrophage-lined cells (FBM-17) with the supernatants of SEC-stimulated bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (BoPBLs) but not in the culture of peripheral mononuclear cells with SEC-stimulated BoPBLs. The expression of the mRNA for both inducible nitric oxide synthase and TNF-α in FBM-17 was enhanced by culturing with the supernatant of SEC-stimulated BoPBLs, although CYP450 was down-regulated. These results indicate that the down-regulation of CYP450 was caused by the production of TNF-α in SEC-stimulating MG cells containing macrophages and via NOx production. Therefore, we suggest that NOx released from activated MG cells via the superantigenic activity of SEC caused oxidative damage to the MG in S. aureus-induced mastitis.
36
Akhmetova, Venera, Svetlana Dezhatkina, Asgat Muhitov, and Natalya Sharonina. "Compositional analysis of fatty acids in cow’s milk when feeding a complex additive based on activated diatomite." BIO Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 00038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213700038.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the research results of the effect of activated diatomite as part of a complex supplement on the composition and ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in cow's milk. The experiments were carried out in a dairy farm on black-and-white cows. The additive includes a carrieractivated diatomite; fillers are DAPS-organic selenium, sunflower oil and feed yeast and diatomite crumbs. The supplement was included in the diet of cows at the rate of 2% of the dry matter of the diet once a day. The control group did not receive the supplement. The positive effect of the use of the additive on the composition of fatty acids in cow's milk was established. There was an increase in the fraction of saturated fatty acids, which indicates an increase in volatile fatty acids: acetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate. The use of a complex supplement based on activated diatomite contributed to an increase in concentration of capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic and margarine fatty acids. The use of additives for dairy cows helps to increase their productivity, improve the quality of milk composition due to the intensive conversion of feed nutrients.
37
Nordlund, Kenneth V., William J. Goodger, Joseph Pelletier, and Michael T. Collins. "Associations between subclinical paratuberculosis and milk production, milk components, and somatic cell counts in dairy herds." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 208, no. 11 (June 1, 1996): 1872–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1996.208.11.1872.
Full textAbstract:
Objective To determine associations between subclinical Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection and milk production, milk components, and somatic cell counts of dairy cattle. Design Cross-sectional epidemiologic survey. Animals 23 dairy herds in Wisconsin containing 1,653 adult cows were studied. The herds had above average milk production and a history of bovine paratuberculosis in the herd within the previous 12 months. Procedure All adult cows in the herds were tested for paratuberculosis by use of an absorbed ELISA. Milk yield, fat, protein, and somatic cell count data were retrieved electronically from Dairy Herd Improvement Association records. Results 147 ELISA-positive and 1,506 ELISA-negative cows were identified. ELISA-positive cows had a mature-equivalent milk production of 376 kg (829 lb)/lactation less than that for ELISA-negative herdmates. Significant difference was not found in lactation average percentages of fat and protein, or somatic cell count linear score. When comparing ELISA-positive and -negative cow's current mature equivalent milk with all previous lactations, significant difference was found only from the immediate-preceding lactation. When this difference was examined by parity group, significant difference was confined to cows in the second lactation. Clinical Implications Subclinical paratuberculosis infections, as determined by ELISA, are associated with a 4% reduction in milk yield and add to the already substantial costs of clinical M paratuberculosis infection in the dairy industry. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1872-1876)
38
Borsch, O., O. BORSHCH, L. Kosior, L. Pirova, and I. Lastovska. "Comparative analysis of milk amino acid composition and protein biological value in purebred cows and their crossbreds." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 1(147) (May 5, 2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2019-147-1-43-49.
Full textAbstract:
The milk protein biological value of crossbred cows has been compared with purebred lines. The research has been carried out on Ukrainian Black and White dairy cows and crossbred lines of the first generation obtained due to crossbreeding with Brown Swiss breed. The same has been done on Ukrainian Red and White dairy cows, Montbéliarde breed and crossbred lines of the first-generation, obtained due to crossbreeding with Ukrainian Red and White dairy cows. It has been established that the milk protein of crossbred cows has more balanced composition of (MPC) and more appropriate ratio for processing. The essential amino acid milk analysis of the investigated breeds has found that there is a big amount of leucine (9,22–9,87 g/100 g protein of milk), phenylalanine + tyrosine (9.04–9.75 g/100 g of milk protein) and lysine (5.81– 6.73 g/100 g protein of milk). Also, there is a minimum amount of methionine + cystine – (3.32–3, 88 g/100 g protein of milk). The first limitaive amino acid in the milk protein of Ukrainian Black and White breed is valine, the content of which is 97.2 % of the total amount in the scale of the reference protein. The second limitaive amino acids are methionine + cystine, the content of which is 94.8 %. The amino acids haven’t been found in the milk protein of crossbred cows. It means that the composition of each (MPC) is appropriate for human needs in the reference protein. The milk protein biological value of crossbred cows is somewhat higher than in purebred animals. The milk protein of the investigated breeds does not contain amino acids, the correlation of which is less than optimal in comparison with the amino acid formula of human needs. The milk of Red and White dairy cows and Montbéliarde breed has best protein quality. Key words: cow's milk, breed, amino acid composition, amino gram, biological value of proteins.
39
Smith, David R., Paula J. Fedorka-Cray, Ram Mohan, Kenny V. Brock, Thomas E. Wittum, Paul S. Morley, Kent H. Hoblet, and Linda J. Saif. "Evaluation of cow-level risk factors for the development of winter dysentery in dairy cattle." American Journal of Veterinary Research 59, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1998.59.08.986.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective To identify exposures to etiologic agents and to identify characteristics that could explain risk of disease for adult cattle in herds affected by winter dysentery (WD). Animals 229 lactating and nonlactating adult cattle (125 case and 104 control cattle) selected from 12 dairy herds. Procedure A case-control study, using multivariate conditional logistic regression and controlling for herd effects, was used to develop a model for risk factors associated with disease for each cow. Results Likelihood of developing disease increased as the ELISA value for bovine coronavirus (BCV) antigen detectable in feces increased (odds ratio [OR] = 2.94 for each 0.100 increase in BCV antigen ELISA value). Pregnant cattle were less likely to develop WD, compared with nonpregnant herdmates. Cows with high acute BCV antibody titers that seroresponded had greater odds of developing disease, compared with seroresponding cows with low acute titers. However, among those cows that did not serorespond, high acute antibody titers were associated with lower odds of developing the disease. Conclusion In herds affected by WD, ill cows were more likely to shed detectable amounts of BCV antigen in their feces, and pregnancy appeared to protect cattle from the disease. The measured interaction between BCV seroresponse and acute BCV antibody titer may be evidence of an immunopathologic condition, but could also have been attributable to dynamics of the ELISA or study design. Clinical Relevance Factors that explained a cow's risk for illness within WD-affected herds may have been surrogate measures for that cow's nonspecific and BCV-specific immune profile. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:986–993)
40
Chekan, O. "The role of obstetrical diseases in the development of subclinical metritis." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 25, no. 110 (June 18, 2023): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11002.
Full textAbstract:
The results of the dependence of obstetric diseases of cows in the occurrence of subclinical abortions against the background of the development of metritis under the influence of mycotoxins are given. Subclinical metritis is a fairly common phenomenon in cows, which causes significant economic losses. At the same time, the number of subclinical metritis in cows correlates with the number of obstetric pathology. Due to the negative impact of mycotoxins, in particular zearalenone, the balance of sex hormones is disturbed, which creates conditions for the development of saprophytic microflora in the organs of the reproductive system of cows. At the same time, deoxynivalenol helps to reduce the resistance of the cow's body in general and mucous membranes, in particular, which contributes to the development of inflammatory processes in the uterus. These processes are often subclinical. The aim of the work was to find out the role of obstetric diseases in the development of subclinical metritis and to develop clinical and prognostic tests for the occurrence of metritis and the basis for the analysis of obstetric pathology. The spread of obstetric pathology was established depending on the way cows are kept. Thus, in farms where cows were kept on tethers, the number of obstetric pathologies was 15.5 times higher. However, the number of inflammatory processes in the organs of the reproductive system in such farms was lower by 12 %. A decrease in the level of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood and suppression of their functional activity was established, which is manifested by a decrease in the level of immunoglobulin G and has a significant effect on the increase in the frequency of subclinical abortions. The dependence of the reproductive capacity of cows on the frequency of subclinical and chronic inflammatory processes of the reproductive organs, which occur against the background of mycotoxicosis, was established. The influence of mycotoxins on the functioning of the ovaries and uterus was studied, and an increase in the number of such cases was established in farms with tethered cows. The correlation between the contamination of cow feed and the reduction of fertilization in cows was found. An increase in the number of subclinical abortions under the influence of zearalenone, which is found in large quantities in feed, has been established. The dependence of ovarian disorders on increasing productivity in cows was investigated.
41
BATRA, T. R., A. J. LEE, and A. J. McALLISTER. "RELATIONSHIPS OF REPRODUCTION TRAITS, BODY WEIGHT AND MILK YIELD IN DAIRY CATTLE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-007.
Full textAbstract:
The relationships between reproduction traits, body weight and milk yield were investigated using data from 1611 heifers and 733 cows from two lines of the National Cooperative Dairy Cattle Breeding Project. The data were analyzed separately for heifers and cows within lines using a mixed linear model containing fixed effects for station, year of birth, season of birth and random effect of sires. Heritability estimates and genetic correlations were estimated by a paternal half-sib analysis. Heritability estimates for heifer and cow reproduction traits ranged between 0 and 26% while those of body weights at calving and 112 d postpartum and milk yield ranged from 24 to 43%. Heifers with difficult calving had a higher incidence of retained placenta than those with normal calving. Phenotypic correlations between heifer reproduction traits and milk yield during first lactation were small. High milk production in cows was associated with longer calving interval. Phenotypic correlations between heifer's and cow's reproduction traits were small. Difficult calving in heifers impairs reproductive performance after calving resulting in greater number of days from calving to first and last breeding and leading to a longer calving interval. Key words: Reproduction traits, heifers, cows, milk yield, dairy cattle
42
Messerli, Douglas. "Scared Cows." boundary 2 14, no. 1/2 (1985): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/303506.
Full text
43
Dunne, John, Richard Kearney, Eamon Delaney, Seán Kenny, Ben Birdsall, Susan Knight, James Ryan, and A. P. Clarke. "Sacred Cows." Books Ireland, no. 188 (1995): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20623152.
Full text
44
Connolly, Clara, and Fay Weldon. "Sacred Cows." Feminist Review, no. 35 (1990): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1395407.
Full text
45
Miller, Kei, and Augustus Silvera. "Government Cows." Iowa Review 38, no. 2 (October 2008): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.6455.
Full text
46
Joel, Lucille A. "Sacred Cows." American Journal of Nursing 97, no. 6 (June 1997): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199706000-00002.
Full text
47
Connolly, Clara. "Sacred Cows." Feminist Review 35, no. 1 (July 1990): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.1990.35.
Full text
48
Bailyn, C. "Sacred cows." Nature 351, no. 6324 (May 1991): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/351282a0.
Full text
49
Stix, Gary. "Contented Cows?" Scientific American 269, no. 3 (September 1993): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0993-147.
Full text
50
Weitzman, Jonathan B. "African cows." Genome Biology 3 (2002): spotlight—20020415–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-spotlight-20020415-01.
Full text